This Learning Brief explores how ministries of education in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are using artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance education service delivery. While much of the global discourse around AI in education focuses on teaching and learning, this brief highlights emerging systems-level applications — such as automating administrative processes, improving education management information systems (EMIS), supporting data-driven decision-making, optimising resource allocation, and informing policy and curriculum design. Drawing on a review of global and LMIC evidence, the brief identifies examples where AI has been used to streamline teacher deployment, predict student dropout risk, and improve monitoring through automated data collection. It finds that while these use cases demonstrate potential for greater efficiency and more equitable service delivery, most are still in early stages and lack rigorous empirical validation. The brief concludes that integrating AI into education systems requires robust governance frameworks to address issues such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the digital divide. Ministries of education must also invest in infrastructure, capacity building, and iterative learning approaches to translate theoretical benefits into practical, evidence-based improvements in education delivery." Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; education systems; service delivery; EMIS; data-driven decision-making; education policy; EdTech; ministries of education An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org/
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