Empowering student learning through Tablet PCs: A case study - Li, Sandy C; Pow, Jacky WC; Wong, Emily ML; Fung, Alex CW (Education and Information Technologies, 2010)

Affordance of Deep Infusion of One-to-One Tablet-PCs Into and Beyond Classroom. - Li, SC; Pow, JWC (International Journal of Instructional Media, 2011)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

The Influence of Teachers’ Professional Development Activities on the Factors Promoting ICT Integration in Primary Schools in Mongolia - Li, Shengru; Yamaguchi, Shinobu; Sukhbaatar, Javzan; Takada, Jun-ichi (Education Sciences, 2019)
This paper examines the influences of professional development activities on important teacher-level factors that are important for the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education for primary school teachers in Mongolia. The study utilizes the survey data collected in 2012 (n = 826) and 2016 (n = 1161) to identify the changes in factors that are important to the use of ICT in education. The study result shows that six teacher level factors that are important for the ICT integration have been improved over time through professional development activities. These are professional competency in educational use of ICT, collaboration for ICT integration, benefits on use of ICT, autonomy to innovate, recognition as a professional, and skills and practices in educational use of ICT. This provides supporting evidence to educational practitioners for the implementation of effective professional development programs to promote ICT integration in education, especially in the developing country’s context.
Keywords: ICT in education; ___working_potential_duplicate; auto_merged; education policy; educational change; factors promoting ICT integration; teacher’s professional development

The Influence of Interactive Learning Materials on Self-Regulated Learning and Learning Satisfaction of Primary School Teachers in Mongolia - Li, Shengru; Yamaguchi, Shinobu; Takada, Jun-ichi (Sustainability, 2018)
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of interactive learning materials on learners’ self-regulated learning processes and learning satisfaction. A two-group experimental design was employed for 285 primary school teachers involved in teacher training. Teachers in the experimental group utilised interactive learning materials along with training videos and guidelines for their self-development at the school level. Teachers in the control group conducted self-development only with training videos and guidelines. The result was analysed using self-regulated learning theory explaining how one’s self-regulation processes affect learning satisfaction. Five self-regulation processes were identified in this study: internal motivation, motivation for better assessment, planning and organizing skills, critical and positive thinking skills, and effort regulation. The analysis was conducted in two steps. First, t-test analysis was used to identify the significant differences between the experimental group and the control group. The analysis revealed: (1) teachers conducting self-development with interactive learning materials were highly motivated to achieve better teacher assessment, (2) teachers with interactive learning materials had higher learning satisfaction. Second, the study further investigated the effect of interactive materials on the relationship between self-regulation processes and learning satisfaction, using moderation analysis. The results showed that interactive materials significantly affect the relationship between motivation for better assessment and learning satisfaction, as well as the relationship between internal motivation and learning satisfaction. These results were complemented by qualitative analysis including interviews and focus group discussions with teachers.
Keywords: ICT in education; country-specific developments; in-service teacher training; interactive learning environments; self-regulated learning

Understanding factors affecting primary school teachers’ use of ICT for student-centered education in Mongolia - Li, Shengru; Yamaguchi, Shinobu; Takada, Jun-ichi (2018)
The past two decades witnessed continuous uptake of ICT in education, and the importance of teachers’ beliefs for adopting ICT in education was revealed in the context of educational change. In recent years, the Mongolian educational system has placed more emphasis on student-centered education and the use of ICT in teaching and learning. Teacher training has become a local responsibility under the Education Master Plan (Government of Mongolia, 2006), New Education Standard and Core Curriculum which focus on the introduction of ICT into education and the implementation of student-centered education (Asian Development Bank, 2008; Ministry of Culture Education and Science, 2014). Despite the growing interest in using ICT for student-centered education, a limited number of studies exist in Mongolia to understand primary school teachers’ perception on use of ICT for student-centered education. This study aims to understand the factors affecting teachers’ perceptions on use of ICT for student-centered education. Based on Fullan’s educational change theory, the analysis through multiple linear regression and focus group discussion was conducted on 838 primary school teachers in Mongolia which found that teacher’s professional competency and perceived benefits on use of ICT are significant factors affecting teachers’ perceptions on use of ICT tool for student-centered education. Furthermore, teacher’s professional competency, perceived benefits on use of ICT and teacher cooperation are affecting teachers’ perceptions on use of digital contents for student-centered education.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Geography and rural household income: A village level study in Henan Province, China - Li, Xiaojian; Fan, Xinsheng (Chinese Geographical Science, 2010)
This study uses the data from a sample survey conducted in April 2007 on 1 251 rural households in 11 villages of Henan Province, the largest less developed agricultural province in China, to examine how geography affects rural household income (RHI). The quantitative analysis indicates following results. 1) The significance of the traditional geographical factors reduces as RHI rank increases. 2) The landform does not affect the RHI significantly. The per capita income of rural household in a plain area is lower than that in a mountainous area. And 3) the capital endowment and status of non-farm economic activities contribute to the increase of RHI. But the probability and intensity of non-farm economic activities of rural households in urban outskirts villages are higher than that in non-urban outskirts villages. Based on the results, the paper further concludes that geography still plays a significant role in rural development, but it is changing over time. The agricultural resources (such as per capita arable land) significantly affect RHI with the relatively lower income level, while the geographical location shows a more significant impact on RHI with the relatively high income level. Along with economic development, the proximity replaces the traditional geographical factors such as landform and physical resources as the major determining factor in RHI.

Live video classroom observation: an effective approach to reducing reactivity in collecting observational information for teacher professional development - Liang, Jiwen (Journal of Education for Teaching: International Research and Pedagogy, 2015)
This paper examines the significance of live video classroom observations of teaching practice to reduce reactivity (the observer effect) so as to obtain more credible observational information for teacher professional development in a secondary school in the largest city in southern China. Although much has been discussed regarding the use of remote live video classroom observation for professional development, the advantage of remote live video classroom observation in reducing reactivity has often been overlooked. Using the case study method, the research reported here focuses on two components: conducting live video classroom observation and the use of the live video classroom observation in reducing reactivity. This paper suggests that live video classroom observation is effective in reducing reactivity and helps avoid subjective judgement and increase feedback sources, thus providing a solution to compensate for the limitations of traditional classroom observations.
Keywords: Administrator Attitudes; Case Studies; Case studies; China; Classroom Observation Techniques; Classroom observation; ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE); Education; Effectiveness; Faculty Development; Feedback; Feedback (Response); Foreign Countries; Interviews; Principals; Professional development; Qualitative Research; Secondary Education; Secondary School Teachers; Secondary schools; Teacher Attitudes; Teacher education; Teaching; Teaching Methods; Teaching methods; Video; Video Technology; Video recordings; __:import:01; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2096967; __finaldtb

Live video classroom observation: an effective approach to reducing reactivity in collecting observational information for teacher professional development - Liang, Jiwen (Journal of Education for Teaching: International Research and Pedagogy, 2015)
This paper examines the significance of live video classroom observations of teaching practice to reduce reactivity (the observer effect) so as to obtain more credible observational information for teacher professional development in a secondary school in the largest city in southern China. Although much has been discussed regarding the use of remote live video classroom observation for professional development, the advantage of remote live video classroom observation in reducing reactivity has often been overlooked. Using the case study method, the research reported here focuses on two components: conducting live video classroom observation and the use of the live video classroom observation in reducing reactivity. This paper suggests that live video classroom observation is effective in reducing reactivity and helps avoid subjective judgement and increase feedback sources, thus providing a solution to compensate for the limitations of traditional classroom observations.
Keywords: Administrator Attitudes; Case Studies; Case studies; China; Classroom Observation Techniques; Classroom observation; ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE); Education; Effectiveness; Faculty Development; Feedback; Feedback (Response); Foreign Countries; Interviews; Principals; Professional development; Qualitative Research; Secondary Education; Secondary School Teachers; Secondary schools; Teacher Attitudes; Teacher education; Teaching; Teaching Methods; Teaching methods; Video; Video Technology; Video recordings; __:import:01; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2096967; __finaldtb

Live video classroom observation: an effective approach to reducing reactivity in collecting observational information for teacher professional development - Liang, Jiwen (Journal of Education for Teaching: International Research and Pedagogy, 2015)
This paper examines the significance of live video classroom observations of teaching practice to reduce reactivity (the observer effect) so as to obtain more credible observational information for teacher professional development in a secondary school in the largest city in southern China. Although much has been discussed regarding the use of remote live video classroom observation for professional development, the advantage of remote live video classroom observation in reducing reactivity has often been overlooked. Using the case study method, the research reported here focuses on two components: conducting live video classroom observation and the use of the live video classroom observation in reducing reactivity. This paper suggests that live video classroom observation is effective in reducing reactivity and helps avoid subjective judgement and increase feedback sources, thus providing a solution to compensate for the limitations of traditional classroom observations.
Keywords: Administrator Attitudes; Case Studies; Case studies; China; Classroom Observation Techniques; Classroom observation; ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE); Education; Effectiveness; Faculty Development; Feedback; Feedback (Response); Foreign Countries; Interviews; Principals; Professional development; Qualitative Research; Secondary Education; Secondary School Teachers; Secondary schools; Teacher Attitudes; Teacher education; Teaching; Teaching Methods; Teaching methods; Video; Video Technology; Video recordings; __:import:01; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2096967; __finaldtb

Pakistan: A Hard Country - Lieven, Anatol (PublicAffairs, 2012)
An expert's compelling portrait of the complex, volatile country now situated at the fulcrum of international concerns.

Digital learning for developing Asian countries - Lim, Cher Ping; Tinio, Victoria; Smith, Matthew; Bhowmik, Miron Kumar (Routledge International Handbook of Schools and Schooling in Asia, 2018)

Comparison of 1:1 and 1:m CSCL environment for collaborative concept mapping - Lin, C.-P.; Wong, L.-H.; Shao, Y.-J. (Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 2012)

Using technology and mentorship to improve teacher pedagogy and educational opportunities in rural Nicaragua - Lindenberg, Anni; Henderson, Kathryn I.; Durán, Leah (Global Education Review, 2016)
This study used ethnographic methods to understand factors influencing the implementation of an educational intervention combining short math content videos with teacher trainings and mentorship in high-poverty primary schools in Nicaragua with implications for rural school reform. Educators in rural schools in Latin America face serious obstacles to improve classroom instruction and pedagogy, including lack of resources and overcrowding. Research suggests an over-reliance on input-output models in which inputs (e.g. teacher salaries, textbooks, technology, computer labs, numbers of classrooms, etc.) are expected to produce particular outputs (student retention, lowering drop-out rates, increasing graduation rates, etc.); however, studies show that regardless of the resources, much depends on effective use of resources for successful teaching and learning (O'Sullivan, 2006; L. S. Shulman, 1987). While input/output models provide insights into an educational systems economic efficiency, they do not offer insight into what actually transpires inside of a classroom (O'Sullivan, 2006). Much depends on effective training and use of these very resources. Though systemic issues in the Nicaraguan educational system produced numerous obstacles for the eleven participating 3rd and 6th grade teachers, the educational intervention model supported teachers' ability to be innovative and grow their practice in four ways: a) increased pedagogical knowledge; b) opportunities to collaborate and support one another as a community of teachers; c) flexibility in adaptation of the intervention model to their specific classroom context; and d) use of videos as supportive resources for content knowledge.
Keywords: Barriers; ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE); Early Childhood Education; Educational Change; Educational Opportunities; Elementary Education; Elementary School Students; Elementary School Teachers; Ethnography; Foreign Countries; Grade 3; Grade 6; Instructional Effectiveness; Instructional Innovation; Intermediate Grades; Intervention; Mathematics; Mathematics Instruction; Mentors; Middle Schools; Nicaragua; Observation; Pedagogical Content Knowledge; Poverty; Primary Education; Rural Areas; Semi Structured Interviews; Teacher Education; Teaching Methods; Video Technology; __:import:01; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2096190; __finaldtb; ⛔ No DOI found

Coherence and the positioning of teachers in professional development programs. A systematic review - Lindvall, Jannika; Ryve, Andreas (Educational Research Review, 2019)
Keywords: Important; Read

Coherence and the positioning of teachers in professional development programs. A systematic review - Lindvall, Jannika; Ryve, Andreas (Educational Research Review, 2019)
Keywords: Important; Read

Coherence and the positioning of teachers in professional development programs. A systematic review - Lindvall, Jannika; Ryve, Andreas (Educational Research Review, 2019)
Keywords: Important; Read

The SolarSPELL Offline Digital Library - Linzy, Kristen; Hosman, Laura (2017)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

AfterAccess: ICT access and use in Asia and the Global South - LIRNE Asia (2018)

AfterAccess: ICT access and use in Asia and the Global South - LIRNEasia (2018)

How The Radio Can Reach The World’s Most Vulnerable Children - Lister, Josephine (2019)

Education policy reform in Sri Lanka: the double-edged sword of political will - Little, Angela W. (Journal of Education Policy, 2011)
In 1997, the Government of Sri Lanka launched a comprehensive set of education reforms designed to promote equitable access to basic education and improvements in learning outcomes. The package of reforms arose as a political response to widespread youth unrest in the late 1980s and attracted considerable ‘political will’, a vague but much vaunted term in the international policy discourse. Yet, despite seemingly high levels of national political will, reform has not been plain sailing. Using evidence from interviews with policy elites and an analysis of policy texts and evaluations, this paper analyses the role of political will at national and local levels in policy formulation and implementation in a policy environment characterised by ‘patronage politics’. It explores the interaction between the political, administrative, technical, human resource and financial drivers and inhibitors of five reform components and argues that local-level political will, as well as national-level political will, has played a central role in determining whether formulated policies are translated into action on the ground. ‘Political will’ is a double-edged sword.
Keywords: Sri Lanka; policy implementation; political will

Social vulnerability of rural households to flood hazards in western mountainous regions of Henan province, China - Liu, Delin; Li, Yue (Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 2016)
Abstract. Evaluating social vulnerability is a crucial issue in risk and disaster management. In this study, a household social vulnerability index (HSVI) to flood hazards was developed and used to assess the social vulnerability of rural households in western mountainous regions of Henan province, China. Eight key indicators were identified using existing literature and discussions with experts from multiple disciplines and local farmers, and their weights were determined using principle component analysis (PCA) and an expert scoring method. The results showed that (1) the ratio of perennial work in other places, hazard-related training and illiteracy ratio (15+) were the most dominant factors of social vulnerability. (2) The numbers of high, moderate and low vulnerability households were 14, 64 and 16, respectively, which accounted for 14.9, 68.1 and 17.0 % of the total interviewed rural households, respectively. (3) The correlation coefficient between household social vulnerability scores and casualties in a storm flood in July 2010 was significant at 0.05 significance level (r  =  0.748), which indicated that the selected indicators and their weights were valid. (4) Some mitigation strategies to reduce household social vulnerability to flood hazards were proposed, which included (1) improving the local residents' income and their disaster-related knowledge and evacuation skills, (2) developing emergency plans and carrying out emergency drills and training, (3) enhancing the accuracy of disaster monitoring and warning systems and (4) establishing a specific emergency management department and comprehensive rescue systems. These results can provide useful information for rural households and local governments to prepare, mitigate and respond to flood hazards, and the corresponding strategies can help local households to reduce their social vulnerability and improve their ability to resist flood hazard.

基于 iPad 的民汉双语电子教材开发与应用研究 [Research on the development and application of bilingual electronic textbooks based on iPad] - Liu, Junling; Zhang, Yawei (中小学电教 [Primary and Middle School Educational Technology], 2015)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Effects of cues and real objects on learning in a mobile device supported environment - Liu, Tzu-Chien; Lin, Yi-Chun; Paas, Fred (British Journal of Educational Technology, 2013)

Effects of prior knowledge on learning from different compositions of representations in a mobile learning environment - Liu, Tzu-Chien; Lin, Yi-Chun; Paas, Fred (Computers & Education, 2014)

Split-attention and redundancy effects on mobile learning in physical environments - Liu, Tzu-Chien; Lin, Yi-Chun; Tsai, Meng-Jung; Paas, Fred (Computers & Education, 2012)

Global Kids Online: Comparative report - Livingstone, Sonia; Kardefeld-Winther, Daniel; Saeed, Marium (2019)

The impact and reach of MOOCs: A developing countries’ perspective - Liyanagunawardena, T.; Williams, S.; Adams, A. (eLearning Papers, 2013)
Massively Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are a recent but hugely popular phenomenon in the online learning world. They are hailed by many as a solution for the developing world’s lack of access to education because MOOCs can provide learning opportunities to a massive number of learners from anywhere in the world as long as they can access the course through Internet. However, a close consideration of the ability of learn- ers from most developing countries to make use of MOOCs seems to contradict this rhetoric. This paper discusses features of MOOCs and looks at them from a developing countries’ perspective to conclude that due to a complicated set of conditions (‘access’, language, computer literacy among others) prevailing in developing countries, MOOCs may not be a viable solution for education for a large proportion of people in these ar- eas of the world. The paper further shows the need for more data on the demograph- ics of MOOC participants from developing countries to form a better understanding of MOOCs role in educating people from developing countries.
Keywords: C:Low- and middle-income countries; NOTdocs.opendeved.net; ___working_potential_duplicate; ⛔ No DOI found

Fostering self-regulation in online learning in K-12 education - Lock, Jennifer; Eaton, Sarah Elaine; Kessy, Elaine (Northwest Journal of Teacher Education, 2017)

Policies, performance and panaceas: The role of international large-scale assessments in developing countries - Lockheed, M.E. (Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 2010)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

The Net Neutrality Situation in the EU Evaluation of the First Two Years of Enforcement - Lohninger, Thomas; Gollatz, Benedikt; Hoffmann, Cornelia; Steinhammer, Erwin; Deffaa, Ludger; Al-Awadi, Ali; Czák, Andreas (Epicenter Works, 2019)

Partially Nested Randomized Controlled Trials in Education Research: A Guide to Design and Analysis - Lohr, Sharon; Schochet, Peter Z; Sanders, Elizabeth (National Center for Education Research (NCER), 2014)

Investigating effects of using digital video in teacher training in Cambodia - Lok, Leandra; Schellings, Gonny; Brouwer, Niels; Brok, Perry Den (Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 2018)
While research has shown that video can be an effective tool in the professional learning of teachers in industrialized countries, it is unknown whether this is also true for other countries with distinctive cultural, political, and historical contexts, such as Cambodia. This paper presents results from a study which examined the effectiveness of using video to introduce student-centered teaching to teachers in Cambodia. The training consisted of collaboratively watching and discussing videos of teaching practices. A 2x2 design was used, varying group conditions (team versus pair) and...
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Investigating effects of using digital video in teacher training in Cambodia - Lok, Leandra; Schellings, Gonny; Brouwer, Niels; Den Brok, Perry (Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 2018)
While research has shown that video can be an effective tool in the professional learning of teachers in industrialized countries, it is unknown whether this is also true for other countries with distinctive cultural, political, and historical contexts, such as Cambodia. This paper presents results from a study which examined the effectiveness of using video to introduce student-centered teaching to teachers in Cambodia. The training consisted of collaboratively watching and discussing videos of teaching practices. A 2x2 design was used, varying group conditions (team versus pair) and relevance of the material (model video versus action video). The findings indicated that although it was not possible to determine if there had been changes in teacher behavior, using video had led to an increase in teachers' perceived knowledge of student-centered teaching, especially for the team and the model video conditions.
Keywords: Active Learning; Behavior Change; Cambodia; Cultural Context; ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE); Education--Computer Applications; Faculty Development; Foreign Countries; Instructional Effectiveness; Knowledge Base for Teaching; Learning; Mixed Methods Research; Questionnaires; Student Centered Learning; Studies; Teacher Attitudes; Teacher Behavior; Teacher education; Teachers; Teaching; Teaching Methods; Training; Video; Video Technology; __:import:01; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2095890; __finaldtb; ⛔ No DOI found

Resolving the “Cost-Effective but Unaffordable” Paradox: Estimating the Health Opportunity Costs of Nonmarginal Budget Impacts - Lomas, James; Claxton, Karl; Martin, Stephen; Soares, Marta (Value in Health, 2018)
Considering whether or not a proposed investment (an intervention, technology, or program of care) is affordable is really asking whether the benefits it offers are greater than its opportunity cost. To say that an investment is cost-effective but not affordable must mean that the (implicit or explicit) “threshold” used to judge cost-effectiveness does not reflect the scale and value of the opportunity costs. Existing empirical estimates of health opportunity costs are based on cross-sectional variation in expenditure and mortality outcomes by program budget categories (PBCs) and do not reflect the likely effect of nonmarginal budget impacts on health opportunity costs. The UK Department of Health regularly updates the needs-based target allocation of resources to local areas of the National Health Service (NHS), creating two subgroups of local areas (those under target allocation and those over). These data provide the opportunity to explore how the effects of changes in health care expenditure differ with available resources. We use 2008–2009 data to evaluate two econometric approaches to estimation and explore a range of criteria for accepting subgroup specific effects for differences in expenditure and outcome elasticities across the 23 PBCs. Our results indicate that health opportunity costs arising from an investment imposing net increases in expenditure are underestimated unless account is taken of likely nonmarginal effects. They also indicate the benefits (reduced health opportunity costs or increased value-based price of a technology) of being able to “smooth” these nonmarginal budget impacts by health care systems borrowing against future budgets or from manufacturers offering “mortgage” type arrangements.

Organising a strategic phase in the budget process - Long, Cathal; Welham, Bryn (2016)
This public financial management (PFM) introductory guide offers governments in low-capacity contexts a list of tools to improve the strategic phase of the budget process.

Accelerated Learning Programmes: What can we learn from them about curriculum reform? - Longden, Ken (Education for All Monitoring Report Background Paper, 2013)
The purpose of this paper is to present a cross-country analysis of the content and implementation of successful Accelerated Learning Programmes, ALPs. A literature search was conducted to find information on as many ALPs, as possible. This resulted in a matrix displaying key features of ALPs. Using the information from fifteen ALPs where almost complete data was available, an analysis was undertaken to discern the nature of these programmes in terms of providing improved access to learning. Five ALPs covering a range of types were selected for more detailed study. Finally, the lessons learned from ALPs were highlighted; potential implications for reform in the formal system were discussed with particular emphasis on the curriculum and teacher education.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Making government as a platform real - Loosemore, Tom (2019)

Matuto, Magbasa, Maglaro: Learning to read braille through play - Lopez, Rhianne M.; Pinder, Shane D.; Davies, T. Claire (Assistive Technology, 2019)
In September 2016, Digital Learning for Development and All Children Reading released a “Grand Challenge for Development” urging researchers to explore the barriers that children with sensory disabilities in the Philippines face with respect to learning how to read. We sought to address one component of this challenge; engagement of persons with visual impairment in learning how to read in braille. The primary goal of this study was to engage in the co-design process to create a device to help young children with visual impairments learn to identify letters and short words in braille as a first step to reading.

Upgrading the ICT questionnaire items in PISA 2021 - Lorenceau, Adrien; Marec, Camille; Mostafa, Tarek (2019)
This paper explains the rationale for updating the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2021 questionnaire on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and shows how it covers policy topics of current relevance. After presenting key findings based on previous ICT-related PISA data, the paper provides a summary of the PISA 2021 ICT framework guiding the development of the questionnaire. The paper then describes the process followed by the OECD/PISA secretariat for the development of the PISA 2021 ICT questionnaire items. The paper concludes by drawing some lessons that would inform future development of this instrument.

Rigorous large-scale educational RCTs are often uninformative: Should we be concerned? - Lortie-Forgues, Hugues; Inglis, Matthew (Educational Researcher, 2019)
There are a growing number of large-scale educational randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Considering their expense, it is important to reflect on the effectiveness of this approach. We assessed the magnitude and precision of effects found in those large-scale RCTs commissioned by the UK-based Education Endowment Foundation and the U.S.-based National Center for Educational Evaluation and Regional Assistance, which evaluated interventions aimed at improving academic achievement in K?12 (141 RCTs; 1,222,024 students). The mean effect size was 0.06 standard deviations. These sat within relatively large confidence intervals (mean width = 0.30 SDs), which meant that the results were often uninformative (the median Bayes factor was 0.56). We argue that our field needs, as a priority, to understand why educational RCTs often find small and uninformative effects.

The native speaker and the mother tongue - Love, Nigel; Ansaldo, Umberto (Language Sciences, 2010)
This article presents a historical account of the role and function in linguistic theorising of the concepts ‘‘native speaker” and ‘‘mother tongue”, and serves to introduce a number of articles (Language Sciences vol. 32 no. 6) raising questions about various aspects of the idealised monolingualism that underlies much modern linguistics.

The Impacts of Introducing Accountability: Evidence from a Randomized Field Trial in Vocational Schools in China - Loyalka, Prashant; Li, Guirong; Yi, Hongmei; Johnson, Natalie; Shi, Henry (2016 Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness Conference, 2016)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Does Teacher Training Actually Work? Evidence from a Large-Scale Randomized Evaluation of a National Teacher Training Program - Loyalka, Prashant; Popova, Anna; Li, Guirong; Shi, Zhaolei (American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2019)
Keywords: C:China

Improving Early-Grade Literacy in East Africa: Experimental Evidence from Kenya and Uganda - Lucas, Adrienne M.; McEwan, Patrick J.; Ngware, Moses; Oketch, Moses (Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 2014)
Primary school enrollments have increased rapidly in sub-Saharan Africa, spurring concerns about low levels of learning. We analyze field experiments in Kenya and Uganda that assessed whether the Reading to Learn intervention, implemented by the Aga Khan Foundation in both countries, improved early-grade literacy as measured by common assessments. We find that Ugandan literacy (in Lango) increased by 0.2 standard deviations. We find a smaller effect (0.08) on a Swahili literacy test in Kenya. We find no evidence that differential effects are explained by baseline differences across countries in student test scores, classroom attributes, or implementation fidelity. A plausible explanation that cannot be directly tested is differential effective exposure to the literacy treatment in the tested languages. Students in Kenya were tested in Swahili, which is not necessarily the main language of instruction in primary schools, despite official policy.

Turning on mobile learning in Latin America: illustrative initiatives and policy implications - UNESCO Digital Library - Lugo, Maria Teresa; Schurmann, Sebastian (2012)

Introduction to systems theory - Luhmann, Niklas; Baecker, Dirk; Gilgen, Peter (Polity Cambridge, 2013)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate; auto_merged

IDENTIFICAÇÃO DO MODELO DE NEGÓCIO DE UMA START-UP/TIC: ESTUDO DE CASO NA EMPRESA GEEKIE - Lulia Filho, Herivelto; Turri, Silvia Novaes Zilber; Silva, Eduardo Corneto; Santos, Edna de Souza Machado (Investigação Científica nas Ciências Humanas e Sociais Aplicadas 3, 2019)
This study does not only understand the state of the art of the startups, but also understand how a small company of technology-based structure, shape its business model to grow and strengthen their business. For this this article has how objective of research, identify and describe the business model of a Startup/ICT Brazilian that work in the area of the education. It was used the concepts of case study, when analyzing the company Start-up/ICT Geekie, but will be used only secondary data, being this research a documentary research. The results show that the adaptive learning platform Start-up/ICT Geekie offers innovative service, personalizing and customizing education schools where works. The business model creates value for students, teachers and schools. Limitations of this article are in not obtaining primary data direct in the Geekie company and have only one company as study focus which limits the understanding of the business model of firms in the education sector.

National systems of innovation: Toward a theory of innovation and interactive learning - Lundvall, Bengt-\AAke (Anthem Press, 2010)
Keywords: DIAL-RDO

Handbook of innovation systems and developing countries: building domestic capabilities in a global setting - Lundvall, Bengt-\AAke; Joseph, K. J.; Chaminade, Cristina; Vang, Jan (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2011)
Keywords: DIAL-RDO

The Learning Economy and the Economics of Hope - Lundvall, Bengt-Ake (Anthem Pr, 2016)
Keywords: DIAL-RDO; Economic aspects; Information technology; Knowledge economy; Technological innovations

Growth and structural change in Africa: development strategies for the learning economy - Lundvall, Bengt-Åke; Lema, Rasmus (African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 2014)
Keywords: DIAL-RDO

Understanding the Barriers and enablers of Effective Communities of Practice in Sierra Leone Through a Collaboration Between Dubai Cares and Open Development and Education - Lurvink, Anne-Fleur (Open Development & Education, 2019)

Educational production and the distribution of teachers in Uruguay - Luschei, Thomas F.; Carnoy, Martin (International Journal of Educational Development, 2010)
In this paper we discuss results from an analysis of a large dataset that includes virtually all sixth-grade students in Uruguay in 1996. We analyze the relationship between teacher attributes and student achievement scores and we explore the distribution of teachers according to characteristics identified as important by this analysis. We find that teachers with “important” attributes are distributed in a way that systematically favors schools with higher average achievement and socioeconomic context. Policy-related factors that may explain these patterns include Uruguay's system of teacher compensation, teachers’ working conditions, the level and locus of educational decision making in Uruguay, and teacher recruitment and assignment policies. The results are particularly interesting because Uruguay is a relatively equal society in Latin American terms, so the unequal distribution of teacher attributes is probably more accentuated in other Latin American societies.
Keywords: Comparative education; Educational policy; Teacher distribution; Teacher quality; Uruguay

ICTs and development in developing countries: a systematic review of reviews - Lwoga, Edda Tandi; Sangeda, Raphael Zozimus (The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 2019)
This systematic review of reviews aimed to explore the contribution of information and communication technologies (ICTs) for development in developing countries. This systematic review of reviews determines and summarizes ICTD research trends, and methodologies and conceptual frameworks used in ICTD research discuss the findings and evidence and then suggest approaches for further research. We reviewed existing systematic reviews published on ICT and development between January 1990 and July 2017. The review of reviews shows that a growing number of ICTD research works have used qualitative research approaches for data collection and analysis. We note several attempts to develop and apply models/frameworks over explanatory and predictive theories, most notably in the area of social, sociotechnical, and technical. Nevertheless, there is limited evidence on the long‐term contribution of ICT use on livelihoods, patterns of economic inequality, human freedom, and well‐being in developing countries. This review of reviews synthesizes existing systematic reviews on the contribution of ICT for development than was previously available for developing countries. This review has the potential for several stakeholders, including the public and private sector, intermediaries, and nonprofit organizations, to utilize the accumulated evidence from selected systematic reviews to enable/improve the appropriate and sustainable use of ICTs for development.

Harnessing the power of data to improve education systems - Lynch, Kelley (Global Partnership for Education, 2019)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Identifying strategies to enhance the educational inclusion of visually impaired children with albinism in Malawi - Lynch, Paul; Lund, Patricia; Massah, Bonface (International Journal of Educational Development, 2014)
Oculocutaneous albinism is an inherited condition with significant health and social impact on the lives of those affected throughout sub-Saharan, including in Malawi. Myths and superstitions surrounding the condition lead to stigmatisation, rejection and misconceptions. In a participatory study, consultations with educational professionals, children with albinism and their families documented the barriers to full educational access and revealed low-cost strategies that could be implemented in mainstream schools, to minimise the effect of the visual impairment associated with albinism. These were captured in two information booklets in English and vernacular, one for children and the other appropriate for teacher training.
Keywords: Albinism; Resource centres; Special educational needs; Teacher training; Visual impairment

Inclusive educational practices in Kenya: Evidencing practice of itinerant teachers who work with children with visual impairment in local mainstream schools - Lynch, Paul; McCall, Steve; Douglas, Graeme; McLinden, Mike; Mogesa, Bernard; Mwaura, Martha; Muga, John; Njoroge, Michael (International Journal of Educational Development, 2011)
This article presents a findings from an investigation of the work of 38 specialist itinerant teachers (ITs) supporting the educational inclusion of children with visual impairment in Kenya. The research was designed around a participatory action research framework involving in-country researchers and participants (teachers) working in collaboration with researchers in the United Kingdom. Following an introductory training workshop, participants kept research journals over a 2-month period in which they recorded details of their itinerant duties (including the processes and content of their visits). Findings provide information about local practices of ITs support for children with visual impairment in mainstream schools and raise broader questions about the barriers to learning and development facing children with disabilities in mainstream schools in Kenya and other developing countries.
Keywords: Inclusive education; Itinerant teachers; Kenya; Participatory action research; Visual impairment

Compounded Disadvantage: Race, Incarceration, and Wage Growth - Lyons, Christopher J.; Pettit, Becky (Social Problems, 2011)
Spending time in prison has become an increasingly common life event for low-skill minority men in the United States. The Bureau of Justice Statistics now estimates that one in three black men can expect to spend time in prison during his lifetime. A growing body of work implicates the prison system in contemporary accounts of racial inequality across a host of social, health, economic, and political domains. However, comparatively little work has examined the impact of the massive increase in the prison system—and growing inequality in exposure to the prison system—on racial inequality over the life course. Using a unique data set drawn from state administrative records, this project examines how spending time in prison affects wage trajectories for a cohort of men over a 14-year period. Multilevel growth curve models show no evidence of racial divergence in wages in quarters leading up to incarceration. However, after release, wages grow at a 21 percent slower rate for black compared to white ex-inmates. Blacks also enjoy fewer wage returns to work history compared to their white counterparts. This research broadens our understanding of the sources of racial stratification over the life course and underscores the relevance of recent policy interventions in the lives of low-skilled minority men.

M-Shule - Together we learn, together we succeed - M-Schule LTd (2018)
M-Shule is the first adaptive, mobile learning management platform designed to improve performance for millions of primary school students across Kenya and Sub-Saharan Africa

Education for Development - Maada Bio, Julius (2018)

Keynote Address by His Excellency President Julius Maada Bio on the theme of: "Education for Development" at the launch of the Free Quality School Education Programme - Maada Bio, Julius (2018)

WhatsApp utilisation at an initial teacher preparation programme at a university of technology in South Africa - Mabaso, Nkosinomusa; Meda, Lawrence (International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2019)
All universities in South Africa are encouraged to use a Learning Management System such as Blackboard to facilitate blended learning. Despite, the availability of Blackboard at one university of technology in the country, some lecturers and students prefer utilising WhatsApp for teaching and learning. The purpose of this study is to investigate students and lecturers’ perspectives about learning and teaching using WhatsApp at a university in South Africa. The study was done using a qualitative case study within an intepretivist paradigm. It was guided by Garrison, Anderson and Archer’s Community of Inquiry as a theoretical framework. Sixteen students and two lecturers who heavily use WhatsApp were purposively selected to participate in semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. The study found that lecturers use WhatsApp not only for communication purposes, but to foster collaborative learning among students. Although students noted some limitations which they experience when using WhatsApp, they preferred the social media to blackboard. The study concludes that although WhatsApp is response to students’ needs, it does not adequately prepare students to graduate with digital literacy skills expected by the Department of Education in the country.
Keywords: __:import:01; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2425972; __finaldtb

WhatsApp utilisation at an initial teacher preparation programme at a university of technology in South Africa - Mabaso, Nkosinomusa; Meda, Lawrence (International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2019)
All universities in South Africa are encouraged to use a Learning Management System such as Blackboard to facilitate blended learning. Despite, the availability of Blackboard at one university of technology in the country, some lecturers and students prefer utilising WhatsApp for teaching and learning. The purpose of this study is to investigate students and lecturers’ perspectives about learning and teaching using WhatsApp at a university in South Africa. The study was done using a qualitative case study within an intepretivist paradigm. It was guided by Garrison, Anderson and Archer’s Community of Inquiry as a theoretical framework. Sixteen students and two lecturers who heavily use WhatsApp were purposively selected to participate in semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. The study found that lecturers use WhatsApp not only for communication purposes, but to foster collaborative learning among students. Although students noted some limitations which they experience when using WhatsApp, they preferred the social media to blackboard. The study concludes that although WhatsApp is response to students’ needs, it does not adequately prepare students to graduate with digital literacy skills expected by the Department of Education in the country.
Keywords: __:import:01; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2425972; __finaldtb

WhatsApp utilisation at an initial teacher preparation programme at a university of technology in South Africa - Mabaso, Nkosinomusa; Meda, Lawrence (Proceedings of the 7th Teaching & Education Conference, London, 2019)
Table of Content - Article Detail - Proceedings of the 7th Teaching & Education Conference, London
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

WhatsApp utilisation at an initial teacher preparation programme at a university of technology in South Africa - Mabaso, Nkosinomusa; Meda, Lawrence (Proceedings of the 7th Teaching & Education Conference, London, 2019)
Table of Content - Article Detail - Proceedings of the 7th Teaching & Education Conference, London
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Participatory visual methods and school-based responses to HIV in rural South Africa: insights from youth, preservice and inservice teachers - MacEntee, Katie (Sex Education: Sexuality, Society and Learning, 2019)
This paper explores students', preservice teachers' and inservice teachers' perceptions of the contributions and challenges of using participatory visual methodologies (PVM) to enhance HIV education in rural schools. Drawing on findings from three research projects conducted in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa, four positive contributions are identified: 1) novelty, fun and engagement; 2) amplifying youth voices; 3) the facilitation of teachers' reflexive learning; and 4) the production of local resources in under-resourced schools. Challenges include: 1) limited technology access; 2) teacher discomfort; and 3) resistance to PVM integration. Teachers and young people, especially in under resourced rural settings, can benefit from integrating such methodologies into their responses to HIV and AIDS. However, sustainable integration must rely on choosing the most appropriate participatory visual methodologies given the technological resources available in school. The paper concludes with recommendations to optimise participatory visual methodologies integration into rural school-based HIV responses.
Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS); Children And Youth - About; Disadvantaged Schools; ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE); Educational Resources; Foreign Countries; HIV; Health Education; Higher Education; Media Selection; Photography; Postsecondary Education; Preservice Teachers; Rural Schools; Secondary Education; Secondary School Students; Sex Education; South Africa; Story Telling; Student Attitudes; Teacher Attitudes; Teaching Methods; Visual Aids; __:import:01; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2096729; __finaldtb; participatory visual methodology; rural education; sexual health education

Spatial models for the rational allocation of routinely distributed bed nets to public health facilities in Western Kenya - Macharia, Peter M.; Odera, Patroba A.; Snow, Robert W.; Noor, Abdisalan M. (Malaria Journal, 2017)
In high to moderate malaria transmission areas of Kenya, long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are provided free of charge to pregnant women and infants during routine antenatal care (ANC) and immunization respectively. Quantities of LLINs distributed to clinics are quantified based on a combination of monthly consumption data and population size of target counties. However, this approach has been shown to lead to stock-outs in targeted clinics. In this study, a novel LLINs need quantification approach for clinics in the routine distribution system was developed. The estimated need was then compared to the actual allocation to identify potential areas of LLIN over- or under-allocation in the high malaria transmission areas of Western Kenya.
Keywords: ANC utilization; Equity; LLINs allocation; Spatial modelling

Monitoring and evaluation of the e-readers project in rural Tanzania - Machuve, D. Z.; Zlotnikova, I.; Nyambo, D. (Proceedings of the 2nd Pan African International Conference on Science, Computing and Telecommunications (PACT 2014), 2014)
This study provides recommendations on the monitoring and evaluation conducted for an ICT in Education project in two rural primary schools in Tanzania. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of e-readers introduction at the schools. The e-readers introduction aimed at complementing the traditional print books. Print books are insufficient in primary schools in Tanzania; this ultimately leads to lack of reading skills in pupils and poor overall academic performance. As a conceptual framework the study adopted the InfoDev Monitoring and Evaluation framework for ICT in Education projects and adjusted it to local conditions. The study has shown that pupils at both schools considerably improved their reading skills as a result of the e-readers introduction. The introduction of e-readers also resulted in teachers and pupils being more motivated and engaged in learning. Survey results for parents demonstrate readiness on cost-sharing for acquiring the devices. This also indicates the feasibility of up-scaling the project to other schools in the country.
Keywords: E-readers; Educational institutions; ICT; ICT in Education project; InfoDev Monitoring and Evaluation framework; Monitoring; Tanzania; academic performance; computer aided instruction; cost-sharing; digital e-books; e-readers project; electronic publishing; mobile computing; mobile electronic device; pupil engagement; pupil motivation; reading skills improvement; rural Tanzania; rural primary schools; teachers

Mother-tongue education: policy lessons for quality and inclusion - Mackenzie, Pamela J; Walker, Jo (2013)

Making a difference in the real world? A meta-analysis of the quality of use-oriented research using the Research Quality Plus approach - MacLean, Robert; Sen, Kunal (Research Evaluation, 2019)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

The Key Informant Child Disability Project in Bangladesh and Pakistan - Mactaggart, I (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 2013)

"You give a little of yourself": family support for children's use of an IVR literacy system - Madaio, Michael A.; Kamath, Vikram; Yarzebinski, Evelyn; Zasacky, Shelby; Tanoh, Fabrice; Hannon-Cropp, Joelle; Cassell, Justine; Jasinska, Kaja; Ogan, Amy (Association for Computing Machinery, 2019)
Low levels of childhood literacy in global contexts may be mitigated by educational technologies, however, these technologies often rely on parents of sufficient literacy to effectively support their children. Given low levels of adult literacy in many low-resource contexts, we investigate the nature of low-literate adult support for children's use of a literacy technology designed to foster early literacy precursors. We deployed an interactive voice response (IVR) system with 38 families in a rural village in Côte d'Ivoire using the IVR for 5 weeks in their homes. Using call log data and grounded theory analyses of IVR observations and interviews, we find evidence that families leverage complex support networks where family members support children's use of the IVR in different ways, via a collective network of intermediaries. These results suggest opportunities to scaffold low-literate family supporters for educational technologies.
Keywords: HCI4D; IVR; ed tech; literacy; tech intermediaries

"Everyone Brings Their Grain of Salt": Designing for Low-Literate Parental Engagement with a Mobile Literacy Technology in Côte d'Ivoire - Madaio, Michael A.; Tanoh, Fabrice; Seri, Axel Blahoua; Jasinska, Kaja; Ogan, Amy (the 2019 CHI Conference, 2019)
Significant research has demonstrated the crucial role that parents play in supporting the development of children’s literacy, but in contexts where adults may lack sufficient literacy in the target language, it is not clear how to most effectively scaffold parental support for children’s literacy. Prior work has designed technologies to teach children literacy directly, but this work has not focused on designing for low-literate parents, particularly for multilingual and developing contexts. In this paper, we describe findings from a qualitative study conducted in several regions of rural Côte d’Ivoire to understand Ivorian parents’ beliefs, desires, and preferences for French literacy. We discuss themes that emerged from these interviews, surrounding ideas of trust, collaboration, and culturally-responsive design, and we highlight implications for the design of technology to scaffold low-literate parental support for children’s literacy.

Article 9: Issue 4: Systems Thinking and Technology Leadership in PK-12 Schools - Maddin, Ellen (EdTechnology Ideas, 2013)
Article 9: Issue 4: Systems Thinking and Technology Leadership in PK-12 Schools
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

A framework for an ICT-based development program for science teachers in state universities and colleges in region VI - Magallanes, Amel Lavezores; Lavezores, Amel (Universal Journal of Educational Research, 2014)
Curriculum reform is central to the aspirations of many developing countries as they strive to deliver a quality education to their citizens. In State Universities and Colleges in Region VI, with its remarkable achievement of a high literacy rate in a few decades, the next step is bringing its resources to bear on providing a quality education so that Filipino science professors and students may take their places in the global labor force. This study concerns the integration of information and communications technologies (ICT) into the science curriculum of Higher Education Institutions in State Universities and Colleges in the Philippines particularly in Region VI, and the training and development requirements of science professors in this regard. A mixed methodology was employed to obtain qualitative data from 11 policy makers as represented by the Vice President of Academic Affairs of the SUC's in region VI, and quantitative data from a questionnaire for which 139 replies were received from SUC's science professors in Region VI.The findings of this study confirmed those citations in the literature that inefficient management planning and inadequate resources influence the integration of ICT in the science curriculum. Furthermore, the qualitative and quantitative findings confirmed that teachers' access to training is affected by time constraints, ineffective ICT course material, unavailability of ICT infrastructures and facilities, and high cost of ICT trainings. The policy makers interviewed in this study perceived the teachers as having a positive attitude toward ICT integration in the science curriculum, quantitative data from the teachers pointed to a high interest in ICT integration, and their willingness to pursue further professional development in the effective use of ICT in the science curriculum. Furthermore, age factor exhibited a significant difference in ICT skills, utilization and individual barriers of science teachers in SUC's Region VI. The length of service also showed a very significant difference as to the ICT skills, utilization attitudes, and individual barriers of the teacher respondents. However, as to their gender and highest educational attainment, home location and school location, there was no such factor implicating a non-significant difference in the attitudes, skills, utilization and perceived barriers.
Keywords: Barriers; College Faculty; College Science; Computer Literacy; Computer Uses in Education; ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE); Foreign Countries; Higher Education; Information Technology; Mixed Methods Research; Philippines; Postsecondary Education; Science Teachers; State Colleges; State Universities; Teacher Attitudes; Technology Integration; Training

Systems Research in Education: Designs and methods - Magrath, Bronwen; Aslam, Monazza; Johnson, David (Research in Comparative and International Education, 2019)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate; ❓ Multiple DOI

Systems Research in Education: Designs and methods - Magrath, Bronwen; Aslam, Monazza; Johnson, David (Research in Comparative and International Education, 2019)
This exploratory paper seeks to shed light on the methodological challenges of education systems research. There is growing consensus that interventions to improve learning outcomes must be designed and studied as part of a broader system of education, and that learning outcomes are affected by a complex web of dynamics involving different inputs, actors, processes and socio-political contexts. How should researchers in comparative and international education respond to this call for complexity? To begin to answer this question, we draw on recent and ongoing research within the Raising Learning Outcomes in Education Systems research programme – a programme of 30 projects funded by the UK’s Department for International Development (DFID) and Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC). The paper explores critical ways in which the methods used by individual research projects, and across the programme as a whole, offer opportunities and raise challenges for advancing systems thinking in education research.
Keywords: Research methodology; ___working_potential_duplicate; education systems; mixed-methods research

Systems Research in Education: Designs and methods - Magrath, Bronwen; Aslam, Monazza; Johnson, David (Research in Comparative and International Education, 2019)
This exploratory paper seeks to shed light on the methodological challenges of education systems research. There is growing consensus that interventions to improve learning outcomes must be designed and studied as part of a broader system of education, and that learning outcomes are affected by a complex web of dynamics involving different inputs, actors, processes and socio-political contexts. How should researchers in comparative and international education respond to this call for complexity? To begin to answer this question, we draw on recent and ongoing research within the Raising Learning Outcomes in Education Systems research programme – a programme of 30 projects funded by the UK’s Department for International Development (DFID) and Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC). The paper explores critical ways in which the methods used by individual research projects, and across the programme as a whole, offer opportunities and raise challenges for advancing systems thinking in education research.
Keywords: Research methodology; ___working_potential_duplicate; education systems; mixed-methods research

Doing a thematic analysis: A practical, step-by-step guide for learning and teaching scholars - Maguire, Moira; Delahunt, Brid (All Ireland Journal of Higher Education, 2017)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Mobile-based system for cost-effective e-learning contents delivery in resource and bandwidth constrained learning environments - Mahenge, Michael P. J.; Mwangoka, Joseph W. (Knowledge Management & E-Learning: An International Journal, 2014)
The advancement in Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) has brought opportunities for the development of Smart Cities. The Smart City uses ICT to enhance performance and wellbeing, to reduce costs and resource consumption, and to engage more effectively and actively with its citizens. In particular, the education sector is adopting new ways of learning in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) through e-learning systems. While these opportunities exist, e-learning content delivery and accessibility in third world countries like Tanzania is still a challenge due to resource and network constrained environments. The challenges include: high cost of bandwidth connection and usage; high dependency on the Internet; limited mobility and portability features; inaccessibility during the offline period and shortage of ICT facilities. In this paper, we investigate the use of mobile technology to sustainably support education and skills development particularly in developing countries. Specifically, we propose a Cost-effective Mobile Based Learning Content Delivery system for resource and network constrained environments. This system can be applied to cost-effectively broaden and support education in many cities around the world, which are approaching the 'Smart City' concept in their own way, even with less available technology infrastructure. Therefore, the proposed solution has the potential to reduce the cost of the bandwidth usage, and cut down the server workload and the Internet usage overhead by synchronizing learning contents from some remote server to a local database in the user’s device for offline use. It will also improve the quality of experience and participation of learners as well as facilitate mobility and portability in learning activities, which also supports the all-compassing learning experience in a Smart City.https://doi.org/10.34105/j.kmel.2014.06.030
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

School-based teachers' professional development through technology-enhanced learning in Bangladesh - Mahruf C Shohel, M; Banks, Frank (Teacher Development, 2012)
To promote significant pedagogical change, the most successful teacher education programmes for the global south happen in the school context. This paper is based on a pre-pilot intervention study of an international education development programme in Bangladesh. Technology-enhanced learning, in this case the use of the Apple® iPod® (iPod touch®), was used to support teachers' teaching and learning in their school contexts. This paper presents evidence to demonstrate how such school-based technology-enhanced support systems impact on classroom practice and help teachers' professional development. Using the case of a pre-pilot intervention in the Underprivileged Children's Educational Programs schools, it explores the teachers' professional development by analysing interviews with the teachers who were participating in the pre-pilot intervention programme, and draws the conclusion from the collected data that school-based teachers' professional development through technology-enhanced learning is contributing significantly to in-service training in a resource-constrained context.
Keywords: Bangladesh; Education--Teaching Methods And Curriculum; Educational technology; Learning; Professional development; Teacher education; UCEP-Bangladesh; ___working_potential_duplicate; hand-held device; school-based; teachers' professional development; technology-enhanced learning

Using technology for enhancing teaching and learning in Bangladesh: challenges and consequences - Mahruf, C.; Shohel, M.; Kirkwood, Adrian (Learning, Media and Technology, 2012)
Keywords: BANGLADESH; Bangladesh; COMPUTER assisted instruction; COMPUTERS in education; CONTINUING education; DEVELOPING countries; EDUCATIONAL technology; INFORMATION technology; PROFESSIONAL education; SECONDARY school teachers; TEACHER development; TEACHERS -- In-service training; _Source:Intuitive; _THEME: Curriculum and resources; _THEME: Open systems; _THEME: Teacher Professional Development; __:import:01; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2096535; __finaldtb; teachers’ professional development; teaching and learning; technology; technology-poor contexts; the

A Social Informatics Analysis of Refugee Mobile Phone Use: A Case Study of Zaaatari Syrian Refugee Camp - Maitland, Carleen; Xu, Ying (SSRN Electronic Journal, 2015)

Implementation of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in Education Course: A Case from Teacher Education Institutions in Pakistan - Majoka, Muhammad Iqbal; Fazal, Shawana; Khan, Muhammad Saeed (Bulletin of Education and Research, 2013)
This research was aimed to explore the implementation of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in education in teacher training programs in the Khyber Pakthunkhwa and Punjab provinces in Pakistan. It was the first time that the course "ICTs in Education" was implemented for ADE/B. Ed (Elementary) programs in session 2010-11. In this situation, it was vital to explore how successfully this course was implemented in the pioneer institutions, so as to have baseline information for further improvement in the implementation process. This study was focused to explore: (i) How the course "ICTs in Education" was implemented? (ii) How did the teacher educators follow the course guide and to what extent the course guide was helpful in implementing this course? Seven teacher training institutions (three from the Punjab and four from KP provinces) were selected as target population. The total sample was 40 teacher educators and 200 students from seven institutions. Mixed method research design was adopted to conduct this study. The data was drawn from the surveys for heads and prospective teachers, and semi-structured interviews with teacher educators. Analysis revealed that only in a few classrooms, different activities/ experiences as suggested in the unit were properly implemented, while in most that was not the case due to issues such as shortage of electric power supply, scarcity of ICTs tools and lack of training and skills in ICTs application. The extent to which teachers followed the course guide was another factor contributing to the implementation process.
Keywords: Barriers; Energy; Foreign Countries; Guides; Information Technology; Program Implementation; Teacher Education Programs; Teacher Educators; ⛔ No DOI found

Classroom dialogue and digital technologies: A scoping review - Major, L.; Warwick, P.; Rasmussen, I.; Ludvigsen, S.; Cook, V. (Education and Information Technologies, 2018)
This article presents a systematic scoping review of the literature focusing on interactions between classroom dialogue and digital technology. The first review of its type in this area, it both maps extant research and, through a process of thematic synthesis, investigates the role of technology in supporting classroom dialogue. In total, 72 studies (published 2000–2016) are analysed to establish the characteristics of existing evidence and to identify themes. The central intention is to enable researchers and others to access an extensive base of studies, thematically analysed, when developing insights and interpretations in a rapidly changing field of study. The discussion illustrates the interconnectedness of key themes, placing the studies in a methodological and theoretical context and examining challenges for the future.
Keywords: Classroom dialogue; Collaboration; Digital technology; Edtech; Talk; _THEME: Teacher Professional Development

Using video to support in-service teacher professional development: the state of the field, limitations and possibilities - Major, L; Watson, Steven (Technology Pedagogy and Education, 2017)
Keywords: C: International; ⛔ No DOI found

Teacher reflections and praxis: a case study of Indian teachers of English as a foreign language - Makarani, Sakilahmed A. R. (University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2012)
This case study engaged Gujarati English as Foreign Language (EFL) teachers in video-based reflection with the goal of increasing their reflective abilities and uncovering their understandings about reflective teaching practices in the Indian pedagogical and cultural context. The study aimed to explore, and gain a deeper understanding of how structural, institutional, and social dynamics of the larger socio-political cultural context of India affected the classroom teachers' thinking and their teaching practices. It was hoped that not only would the Gujarati teachers demonstrate an ability to reflect on their practice, but that they would also engage in a critical examination of the factors that impacted their context. The computer-based qualitative data analysis software, Atlas.ti, was used to analyze data using a grounded theoretical approach. The findings indicated that participants successfully engaged in reflection about their teaching using video as the tool for their professional development. Initially teacher participants had mixed feelings about recording and watching videos of their classroom instruction; however, teacher participants later enjoyed the experience, explicitly stating that such reflection helped them. The study also revealed that teacher participants perceived parental, social, institutional, and economic factors as influences on their students' learning, however these were simply identified as problems or conditions without any type of deeper critical analysis. Further, it was found that the teachers did not reach a critical level of reflection, nor did they consider taking action to address fundamental contextual issues. While this study showed that teacher reflection using digital video recordings of classroom practice can be a productive approach to meaningful teacher reflection in India, the study also demonstrated that teachers need specific exposure to deeper critical pedagogical thinking to go beyond simply identifying or blaming the social or economic issues embedded in their context. The study concludes with recommendations on how to reach critical teacher reflection. It is hoped that this case study will add to the growing body of research literature related to teacher self-reflection as a means to improving teaching practice and preparing teachers to take on social challenges in the Indian context. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]
Keywords: Case Studies; Computer Software; Cultural Context; ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE); Economic Factors; English (Second Language); Foreign Countries; Grounded Theory; India; Indians; Language Teachers; Qualitative Research; Reflective Teaching; Second Language Instruction; Second Language Learning; Social Influences; Teacher Attitudes; Teaching Methods; Video Technology; __:import:01; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2096525; __finaldtb

ICT in secondary school administration in rural southern Kenya: An educator’s eye on its importance and use - Makewa, Lazarus; Meremo, Jackson; Role, Elizabeth; Role, Jesse (2013)
This study investigated whether there was a significant difference between teachers’ and administrators’ perceptions on the importance of Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) in secondary school administration and evaluated the extent to which it was used by administrators. In this study, administrators are those involved in the day to day running of secondary school duties such as: the principal, deputy principal and heads of departments. The researchers used a descriptive-comparative research design to obtain information on the current status of ICT. The t-test was used to establish whether there was any significant difference in perceptions while a Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was used to find whether there was any significant relationship between educators’ perceptions of the importance and extent of ICT use in secondary school administration. Both teachers and administrators rated the use of ICT in secondary school administration as important. Teachers and administrators viewed the use of ICT in student administration as equally important. Administrators rated the importance of using ICT in supervision of instruction and in student administration more highly. There was a significant difference between the perceptions of teachers and administrators on the importance of ICT use in the following areas of secondary school administration: student administration, general administration and supervision of instruction.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Improving the quality of teaching and learning through leadership for learning: Changing scenarios in basic schools of Ghana - Malakolunthu, Suseela; McBeath, John; Swaffield, Sue (Educational management administration & leadership, 2014)

Do children benefit from internet access? Experimental evidence from Peru - Malamud, Ofer; Cueto, Santiago; Cristia, Julian; Beuermann, Diether W. (Journal of Development Economics, 2019)
This paper provides experimental evidence for the impact of home internet access on a broad range of child outcomes in Peru. We compare children who were randomly chosen to receive laptops with high-speed internet access to (i) those who did not receive laptops and (ii) those who only received laptops without internet. We find that providing free internet access led to improved computer and internet proficiency relative to those without laptops and improved internet proficiency compared to those with laptops only. However, there were no significant effects of internet access on math and reading achievement, cognitive skills, self-esteem, teacher perceptions, or school grades when compared to either group. We explore reasons for the absence of impacts on these key outcomes with survey questions, time-diaries, and computer logs.
Keywords: Academic achievement; Cognitive skills; Digital skills; Education; Experimental; Internet access; Technology

Home computer use and the development of human capital - Malamud, Ofer; Pop-Eleches, Cristian (The Quarterly journal of economics, 2011)

Country Economic Overview - Malawi Consulate (2017)
Country Economic Overview The Malawi economy is agro based with agriculture contributing 37% of the national GDP and employing 80% of the total workforce....

National Education Policy - Malawi Ministry of Education (2016)

National Education Policy - Malawi Ministry of Education (2016)

Ministry of Education, Science and Technology – Policy Reforms - Malawi Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2019)
The Malawi Public Sector Reforms Management Unit exists to catalyse, drive and facilitate public sector reforms in Malawi. The reforms are implemented in Government ministries, departments and agencies (MDAs), local councils, parastatal organizations and constitutional bodies.

Malawi Education Sector Analysis - Malawi Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology, Malawi (Government of Malawi, 2019)

How GDPR changes the rules for research - Maldoff, Gabe (2016)
The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) will come into effect in the spring of 2018, replacing the Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC and imposing new obl

Mother tongue-based bilingual education in Papua New Guinea - Malone, Susan; Paraide, Patricia (2011)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Assessing the use of technology and Khan Academy to improve educational outcomes in Sacatepéquez, Guatemala - MANAUS Consulting (2016)

Is it a tool suitable for learning? A critical review of the literature on Facebook as a technology-enhanced learning environment - Manca, S.; Ranieri, M. (Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 2013)
Despite its continuing popularity as the social network site par excellence, the educational value of Facebook has not been fully determined, and results from the mainstream educational paradigms are contradictory, with some scholars emphasizing its pedagogical affordances (e.g., widening context of learning, mixing information and learning resources, hybridization of expertise) and others cautioning against its use for educational purposes. Moreover, systematic reviews about documented educational usage of Facebook as a learning environment are lacking. This article attempts to provide a critical overview of current studies focusing on the use of Facebook as a technology-enhanced learning environment, with the aim of exploring the extent to which its pedagogical potential is actually translated into practice. Only empirical studies published in peer-reviewed academic journals with a specific focus on Facebook as a learning environment have been considered for the review. The authors conducted a comprehensive literature search that identified 23 relevant articles that were subsequently analysed according to a simplified list of guidelines. These articles were further analysed and recoded through a set of emerging categories. The results show that pedagogical affordances of Facebook have only been partially implemented and that there are still many obstacles that may prevent a full adoption of Facebook as a learning environment such as implicit institutional, teacher and student pedagogies, and cultural issues. Finally, a broad observation on the implications of the study is developed with some suggestions for future research.
Keywords: Facebook; Q =M; R = L; ___working_potential_duplicate; cultural issue; implicit pedagogies; social networking sites; technology-enhanced learning

Is it a tool suitable for learning? A critical review of the literature on Facebook as a technology-enhanced learning environment - Manca, S.; Ranieri, M. (Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 2013)
Despite its continuing popularity as the social network site par excellence, the educational value of Facebook has not been fully determined, and results from the mainstream educational paradigms are contradictory, with some scholars emphasizing its pedagogical affordances (e.g., widening context of learning, mixing information and learning resources, hybridization of expertise) and others cautioning against its use for educational purposes. Moreover, systematic reviews about documented educational usage of Facebook as a learning environment are lacking. This article attempts to provide a critical overview of current studies focusing on the use of Facebook as a technology-enhanced learning environment, with the aim of exploring the extent to which its pedagogical potential is actually translated into practice. Only empirical studies published in peer-reviewed academic journals with a specific focus on Facebook as a learning environment have been considered for the review. The authors conducted a comprehensive literature search that identified 23 relevant articles that were subsequently analysed according to a simplified list of guidelines. These articles were further analysed and recoded through a set of emerging categories. The results show that pedagogical affordances of Facebook have only been partially implemented and that there are still many obstacles that may prevent a full adoption of Facebook as a learning environment such as implicit institutional, teacher and student pedagogies, and cultural issues. Finally, a broad observation on the implications of the study is developed with some suggestions for future research.
Keywords: Facebook; Q =M; R = L; ___working_potential_duplicate; cultural issue; implicit pedagogies; social networking sites; technology-enhanced learning

Is it a tool suitable for learning? A critical review of the literature on Facebook as a technology-enhanced learning environment - Manca, S.; Ranieri, M. (Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 2013)
Despite its continuing popularity as the social network site par excellence, the educational value of Facebook has not been fully determined, and results from the mainstream educational paradigms are contradictory, with some scholars emphasizing its pedagogical affordances (e.g., widening context of learning, mixing information and learning resources, hybridization of expertise) and others cautioning against its use for educational purposes. Moreover, systematic reviews about documented educational usage of Facebook as a learning environment are lacking. This article attempts to provide a critical overview of current studies focusing on the use of Facebook as a technology-enhanced learning environment, with the aim of exploring the extent to which its pedagogical potential is actually translated into practice. Only empirical studies published in peer-reviewed academic journals with a specific focus on Facebook as a learning environment have been considered for the review. The authors conducted a comprehensive literature search that identified 23 relevant articles that were subsequently analysed according to a simplified list of guidelines. These articles were further analysed and recoded through a set of emerging categories. The results show that pedagogical affordances of Facebook have only been partially implemented and that there are still many obstacles that may prevent a full adoption of Facebook as a learning environment such as implicit institutional, teacher and student pedagogies, and cultural issues. Finally, a broad observation on the implications of the study is developed with some suggestions for future research.
Keywords: Facebook; Q =M; R = L; cultural issue; implicit pedagogies; social networking sites; technology-enhanced learning

Is it a tool suitable for learning? A critical review of the literature on Facebook as a technology-enhanced learning environment - Manca, S.; Ranieri, M. (Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 2013)
Despite its continuing popularity as the social network site par excellence, the educational value of Facebook has not been fully determined, and results from the mainstream educational paradigms are contradictory, with some scholars emphasizing its pedagogical affordances (e.g., widening context of learning, mixing information and learning resources, hybridization of expertise) and others cautioning against its use for educational purposes. Moreover, systematic reviews about documented educational usage of Facebook as a learning environment are lacking. This article attempts to provide a critical overview of current studies focusing on the use of Facebook as a technology-enhanced learning environment, with the aim of exploring the extent to which its pedagogical potential is actually translated into practice. Only empirical studies published in peer-reviewed academic journals with a specific focus on Facebook as a learning environment have been considered for the review. The authors conducted a comprehensive literature search that identified 23 relevant articles that were subsequently analysed according to a simplified list of guidelines. These articles were further analysed and recoded through a set of emerging categories. The results show that pedagogical affordances of Facebook have only been partially implemented and that there are still many obstacles that may prevent a full adoption of Facebook as a learning environment such as implicit institutional, teacher and student pedagogies, and cultural issues. Finally, a broad observation on the implications of the study is developed with some suggestions for future research.
Keywords: Facebook; Q =M; R = L; ___working_potential_duplicate; cultural issue; implicit pedagogies; social networking sites; technology-enhanced learning

Is it a tool suitable for learning? A critical review of the literature on Facebook as a technology-enhanced learning environment - Manca, S.; Ranieri, M. (Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 2013)
Despite its continuing popularity as the social network site par excellence, the educational value of Facebook has not been fully determined, and results from the mainstream educational paradigms are contradictory, with some scholars emphasizing its pedagogical affordances (e.g., widening context of learning, mixing information and learning resources, hybridization of expertise) and others cautioning against its use for educational purposes. Moreover, systematic reviews about documented educational usage of Facebook as a learning environment are lacking. This article attempts to provide a critical overview of current studies focusing on the use of Facebook as a technology-enhanced learning environment, with the aim of exploring the extent to which its pedagogical potential is actually translated into practice. Only empirical studies published in peer-reviewed academic journals with a specific focus on Facebook as a learning environment have been considered for the review. The authors conducted a comprehensive literature search that identified 23 relevant articles that were subsequently analysed according to a simplified list of guidelines. These articles were further analysed and recoded through a set of emerging categories. The results show that pedagogical affordances of Facebook have only been partially implemented and that there are still many obstacles that may prevent a full adoption of Facebook as a learning environment such as implicit institutional, teacher and student pedagogies, and cultural issues. Finally, a broad observation on the implications of the study is developed with some suggestions for future research.
Keywords: Facebook; Q =M; R = L; cultural issue; implicit pedagogies; social networking sites; technology-enhanced learning

Beyond disciplinary boundaries: Mapping educational science in the discourse on social media - Manca, S; Rehm, M; Brandon, D; Greenhow, Christine (Teachers College Record, 2019)

A Skills Gap Analysis for Private Sector Development in Sierra Leone 2012 Economic Sector Work - Mannah, Emmanuel; Ngadi Gibril, Yvonne (2012)

Subnational investment in human capital - Manuel, Marcus; Coppard, Dan; Dodd, Amy; Desai, Harsh; Watts, Richard; Christensen, Zach; Manea, Stephanie (Overseas Development Institute/ Development Initiatives, 2019)

Evaluation Report: Assessing the use of technology and Khan Academy to improve educational outcomes in Sacatepéquez, Guatemala - MANUS Consulting (2016)

Teachers’ conception towards the use of social networks as a tool for professional development in Tanzania government secondary schools: the case of Dodoma municipality - Manyama, Charles (University of Dodoma, 2017)
The current study sought to assess teachers' conception toward the use of social networks as a tool for professional development in Tanzania government secondary schools the case of Dodoma Municipality. Thus, the specific objectives of this study were to assess the influence of demographic characteristics on the use of social networks or as a tool for professional development. To assess teachers conception on the available social networks opportunity that can support professional development, to investigate teachers use of social networks available for professional development, to explore the perceived benefits of using social networks opportunity as a tool for professional development and to examine limitation that hinder teachers for professional development. The study was guided by social-cognitive theory, community of practice model (CoP) and technology acceptance model (TAM). A cross-section research design was used to collect data that involved 84 teachers‟ from ten secondary schools, six head of schools three quality assurers and one respondent from DEO office. SPSS computer program was used to analyze the data. Qualitative data were analyzes through content analysis and quantitative data were analyzed statistically using descriptive and inferential statistics by using SPSS Version 20, and Microsoft Excel were highly used. Linear regression techniques were used to seek whether there is a relationship between demographic characteristics and the use of social networks. The survey results showed that there is no significant relationship between demographic factors with the use of social networks as a tool for professional development. Either teachers have positive conceptions towards the use of social networks as a tool for professional development. Furthermore, teachers use SNs for communicating with their fellow from different groups but it is not effectively integrated into professional development. The findings indicate that, to a large extent, teachers agreed that SNs make them to be more creative and help them to improve their communication skills. In addition the findings indicated that teachers lack training on how to integrate SNs in TPD. Finally,the researcher recommend that, educational stakeholders should provide financial and material support to teachers in order to overcome challenge that limit the use of technology in teaching and learning.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Open Data: Unlocking Innovation and Performance with Liquid Information - Manyika, James; Chui, Michael; Groves, Peter; Farrell, Diana; Van Kuiken, Steve; Almasi Doshi, Elizabeth (McKinsey Global Institute, 2013)
Keywords: _C:Algeria DZA; _C:Brazil BRA; _C:Canada CAN; _C:China CHN; _C:Colombia COL; _C:France FRA; _C:Georgia GEO; _C:Germany DEU; _C:Haiti HTI; _C:India IND; _C:Iran IRN; _C:Japan JPN; _C:Kenya KEN; _C:Mexico MEX; _C:Netherlands NLD; _C:New Zealand NZL; _C:Republic of Moldova MDA; _C:Romania ROU; _C:Russian Federation RUS; _C:Singapore SGP; _C:South Africa ZAF; _C:Sweden SWE; _C:United Kingdom GBR; _C:United States USA; __C:scheme:1

Community-Based Teacher Training: Transformation of Sustainable Teacher Empowerment Strategy in Indonesia - Mardapi, Djemari; Herawan, Tutut (Journal of Teacher Education for Sustainability, 2019)
Teacher empowerment is a central issue in relation to the efforts to improve the quality of education. However, teacher empowerment will remain an abstract idea if its implementation is not supported by an appropriate strategy. The demands for a quality education will be unreciprocated if teachers do not have the opportunity to empower themselves. This research aims to investigate the teacher empowerment strategy in Indonesia, which has been conducted by employing a community-based teacher training program. This study has highlighted several research questions: What is meant by community-based training program? Why is the training program needed? Who is the target of the training program? What model has been used to implement the training? What are the results of the training that has been executed? This research was conducted from November 2018 to January 2019. The research data were collected by means of documentation studies and interviews. The data analysis was carried out quantitatively and qualitatively, where the quantitative analysis was processed based on the document study data, meanwhile the qualitative analysis was performed based on the interview data. The research results showed that community-based teacher training was transformation of teacher development strategy as a follow-up on teachers’ competency test in Indonesia. The community-based teacher training succeeded in increasing the professionalism of teachers in Indonesia, particularly in terms of implementing their pedagogical and professional competencies. The training is also successful in motivating the teachers to engage themselves in continuous learning efforts through building strong teachers’ network and working collaboratively with colleagues. Quantitatively, training was proven to increase the average of teacher competency by 23.97 (on a scale of 100). The research results are expected to provide information about the best practice in teacher coaching that is conducted massively in a national scope based on the local community so that a lifelong learning culture for teachers is established to support the development of sustainable education.

Effects of Sesame Street: A meta-analysis of children's learning in 15 countries - Mares, Marie‐Louise; Pan, Zhongdang (Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 2013)

América Latina en PISA 2012: ¿Cómo se desempeñan los varones y las mujeres? - María Soledad, Bos,; Ganimian, Alejandro; Vegas, Emiliana (2013)

The role of video in teacher professional development - Marsh, Brian; Mitchell, Nick (Teacher Development, 2014)

RobotReviewer: evaluation of a system for automatically assessing bias in clinical trials - Marshall, I.J.; Kuiper, J; Wallace, B.C. (Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 2015)
Keywords: _Added-ailr-2024

Toward systematic review automation: a practical guide to using machine learning tools in research synthesis - Marshall, Iain J.; Wallace, Byron C. (Systematic Reviews, 2019)
Technologies and methods to speed up the production of systematic reviews by reducing the manual labour involved have recently emerged. Automation has been proposed or used to expedite most steps of the systematic review process, including search, screening, and data extraction. However, how these technologies work in practice and when (and when not) to use them is often not clear to practitioners. In this practical guide, we provide an overview of current machine learning methods that have been proposed to expedite evidence synthesis. We also offer guidance on which of these are ready for use, their strengths and weaknesses, and how a systematic review team might go about using them in practice.
Keywords: Evidence synthesis; Machine learning; Natural language processing; _Added-ailr-2024

Here and now mobile learning: An experimental study on the use of mobile technology - Martin, Florence; Ertzberger, Jeffrey (Computers & Education, 2013)

CIRCL Primer: Design-Based Implementation Research. In CIRCL Primer Series. - Martin, W; Fishman, Barry; Cheng, Britte; Penuel, William (2019)

“Matching Person & Technology (MPT) Model” for Technology Selection as Well as Determination of Usability and Benefit from Use - Martinez, A. P.; Scherer, M. J. (Living in the State of Stuck, 2018)
Technologies have become smarter, smaller, more portable or wearable, and more adaptable. This has led to more choice and, in many cases, complexity in decision-making about selecting the best device and features for a given user. A good match of person and technology requires attention to (a) aspects of and resources in the environments in which the technology will be used, (b) the needs, expectations and preferences of the user, and (c) the functions and features of the technology and service delivery process. If the match is not a quality one from the standpoint of the end user, and the user experience (UX) is not satisfactory, then the technology may go unused, or may not be used optimally. There is a need for an improved person-AT matching and outcomes assessment process because studies and reports show in general that there is a high level of dissatisfaction and nonuse or discard of technology by consumers. Psychologists are uniquely qualified to partner with technology developers in implementing an assessment process that inquires into the potential technology user's predisposition to use a particular technology by addressing, subjective view of current capabilities, view of achievements as well as needs in key life domains of activities and participation, and ratings of fundamental personal factors such as mood status, support from others, engagement in therapy activities and desire to use technology. Utilization of the MPT model and accompanying assessment process has been proven to result in enhanced technology use and goal achievement. Research increasingly highlights the fact that consumers are less likely to use recommended devices when their needs are neither fully addressed nor understood during the technology selection process. A user's perspective of their needs and preferences may be obtained by having them identify and prioritize their desired outcomes and then rate progress in achieving them. This approach was used in developing the Matching Person and Technology measures and has also been used in developing Such a person-centered approach allows outcomes to be measured in reference to changes in a person's satisfaction in achieving desired goals, not merely their functional ability to achieve them. An idiographic evaluation is used (i.e., the person is the unit of analysis and serves as his or her own control), not a normative one (i.e., the person is compared to his or her peers). An idiographic evaluation best captures a consumer-directed and social model perspective of outcomes assessment. Many studies have examined the psychometric qualities and usefulness of the Matching Person and Technology measures. Below is the most recent data on one MPT measure, the Assistive Technology Device Predisposition Assessment (ATD PA), from a study done in the country Greece (Koumpouros et al. 2017; n=115).  Excellent interrater reliability (ICC=0.981, ranging from 0.973-0.987)  Adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha =0.701, ranging from 0.605-0.701)  Adequate-Excellent construct validity for items in the Adaptablility subscale (r=0.537 to 0.783)  Excellent construct validity for items in the Fit to Use subscale (r= 0.691 to 0.801)  Adequate-Excellent construct validity for items in the Socializing (r= 0.498 to 0.767)  Low correlation coefficients between each subscale, indicating subscales measure unique constructs Improvements in person-centered assistive technology services and outcomes assessment are needed, given reports of a high level of dissatisfaction and nonuse of technology by consumers. It is important to ensure an evidence-based, client-centered assessment for determining the match of individuals with the most appropriate technologies for their use. Achieving a desired outcome begins at the point of technology consideration and then progresses to product selection. ABSTRACT Cognitive impairment often results in a range of functional and lifestyle changes for many individuals. This article discusses the development and evolution of a multidisciplinary model of cognitive rehabilitation outpatient practice that integrates technology to improve patient outcomes. The described interdisciplinary treatment approach highlights the need for collaboration by treating providers; focuses on the individual being an active participant in treatment; and discusses the value that assistive technology can bring to cognitive rehabilitation work as it relates to patient success, functional improvement, and implementation of appropriate and patient specific technological strategies.

"Shall I feed my daughter, or educate her?": barriers to girls' education in Pakistan - Martínez, Elin; Human Rights Watch (Human Rights Watch, 2018)
"This report concludes that many girls simply have no access to education, including because of a shortage of government schools - especially for girls. Nearly 22.5 million of Pakistan's children - in a country with a population of just over 200 million - are out of school, the majority of them girls. Thirty-two percent of primary school age girls are out of school in Pakistan, compared with 21 percent of boys. By ninth grade, only 13 percent of girls are still in school."--Publisher website
Keywords: Education; Girls; Pakistan; Schools; Sex discrimination in education; Social conditions; auto_merged

Analysis of motor performance in individuals with cerebral palsy using a non-immersive virtual reality task – a pilot study - Martins, Fabiana Paula Almeida; Massetti, Thaís; Crocetta, Tania Brusque; Lopes, Priscila Bianchi; da Silva, Amanda Abreu; Figueiredo, Eliketylen Fernandes; de Abreu, Luiz Carlos; da Silva, Talita Dias; Monteiro, Carlos Bandeira de Mello (Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 2019)
Purpose To evaluate the performance improvement of individuals with hemiparesis cerebral palsy (CP) using a virtual task. Participants and methods Twenty individuals were selected and distributed into two groups. The experimental group (CP group) comprised ten individuals with a medical diagnosis of CP, and ten individuals with typical development (sex- and age-matched) composed the control group (TD group). Both groups followed the same intervention protocol, which included a virtual coincident timing task: the participants performed upper limb movements in front of a computer’s webcam and interacted with the task with the aim of virtually intercepting spheres that fell in four rows following the rhythm of a pre-selected song during an 8-minute period. To verify the influence on a real task, pre- and posttests were performed in a similar task, but with physical contact (using the spacebar on the keyboard of a computer). To analyze the data, we evaluated the variable, constant, and absolute errors during the task and in the pre- and posttests. Results The results showed that there was an improvement in performance between the pre- and posttests; that is, after practicing the task in an environment without physical contact, there was a performance improvement in posttests in the real task, but only for the CP group. Moreover, there were significant differences in precision and accuracy between the two groups, with worse performance in the CP group. Conclusion Individuals with CP presented better performance in the real task after practice in a virtual reality task, albeit with worse performance compared with individuals with TD. This is an interesting result that supports the possible use of virtual tasks for the rehabilitation of individuals with CP.

Maryville begins issuing student-owned digital diplomas - Maryville University (2019)

An Investigation on Learning Performance among Disabled People Using Educational Multimedia Software: A Case Study for Deaf People - Masitry, Ananthi Krishnasami; Majid, Mazlina Abdul; Toh, M Zulfahmi; Herawan, Tutut (2013)
The increasing number of people with hearing-impaired in Malaysia attracts to produce a variety of technologies, which can assist the deaf people in carrying out their tasks in everyday life as normal people. New technology can help to decrease the difficulty that hearing-impaired people faces in daily life to use the information services like normal people. Thus, this paper focuses on: i) developing a new multimedia courseware for pre-school students with hearing problem, and ii) comparing the deaf student’s learning performance before and after using the courseware. Four modules were developed for e-MSL courseware consist of alphabets, numbers, words and quizzes with colorful text, animation, sounds, video and pictures using Malaysian Sign Language (MSL). Sekolah Rendah Pendidikan Khas (SRPK) Indera Mahkota II, Kuantan has been chosen as the case study for data collection and for investigating the student learning performance on the courseware. The survey results show that 100% of the respondents have agreed that using e-MSL courseware managed to reduce the student learning time more than 80%. The result has indicated that students have shown better learning performance using e-MSL compared to traditional learning.

Devising New Models for School Improvement in Developing Nations: Sierra Leone, a case study - Mason, Miriam Theresa (Durham University, 2019)

The Centre for Innovative Teaching and Learning Approach - Mastercard Foundation (2019)

Making Kolibri an All-Around Inclusive EdTech - Matic, Radina (Medium, 2018)
Interactive Components, Documentation and Beyond

Kenyan school system is trying sign language for all children - Mativu (2017)

The international encyclopedia of communication research methods - Matthes, Jörg; Davis, Christine; Potter, Robert (Wiley, 2017)

Assemblage Theory: Coping with Complexity in Technology Enhanced Language Learning - Matthews, Blair (Research-publishing, 2019)
Language classrooms are complex systems, but theory often simplifies these processes making researching effectiveness difficult. Assemblage theory -- a theory of complexity in the social sciences -- allows us to examine complexity in the language classroom. In this paper, I present an account of the language classroom that captures the complexity, subjectivity, and temporality of technology enhanced language learning. [For the complete proceedings, see ED600837.]
Keywords: Computer Assisted Instruction; Influence of Technology; Learning Motivation; Learning Processes; Learning Theories; Second Language Learning; Social Systems; Systems Approach; Teaching Methods

Genetic Identity in Mauritius - Maurer, Sylvie (Antrocom, 2010)
Mauritius is a small island of 1,865 square kilometres. This is equivalent to a third of the surface of Savoy. It is situated in the Indian Ocean at 20° south of the equator, on the east of Madagascar. Mauritius is a land without any evidence of human habitation until the seventeenth century. As a result, Mauritius has no indigenous population in the traditional sense, according to the definition from the United Nations: Indigenous peoples have been defined by U.N. as those having a historical continuity with pre-invasion and pre-colonial societies that developed on their own territories, consider themselves distinct from the other sectors of society prevailing in those territories, or parts of them. They form at present non-dominant sectors of society and are determined to preserve, develop and transmit to future generations their ancestral territories, and their ethnic identity as the basis of their continued existence as peoples, in accordance with their own cultural patterns, social institution and legal systems (http://esaconf.un.org/WB/default.asp? action=9&boardid=30&read=1826&fid=309).
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Use of low cost wireless communication technology for education in rural Kenya | Proceedings of the 4th ACM Workshop on Networked Systems for Developing Regions - Mayeku, B.; Kilwake, J.; Bertarelli, F (2010)

Using Behavioral Insights to Increase Parental Engagement: The Parents and Children Together (PACT) Intervention - Mayer, Susan; Kalil, Ariel; Oreopoulos, Philip; Gallegos, Sebastian (National Bureau of Economic Research, 2015)
Parent engagement with their children plays an important role in children’s eventual economic success and numerous studies have documented large gaps in parent engagement between low- and higher-income families. While we know remarkably little about what motivates parents to engage in their children’s development, recent research suggests that ignoring or discounting the future may inhibit parental investment, while certain behavioral tools may help offset this tendency. This paper reports results from a randomized field experiment designed to increase the time that parents of children in subsidized preschool programs spend reading to their children using an electronic reading application that audio and video records parents as they read. The treatment included three behavioral tools (text reminders, goal-setting, and social rewards) as well as information about the importance of reading to children. The treatment increased usage of the reading application by one standard deviation after the six-week intervention. Our evidence suggests that the large effect size is not accounted for by the information component of the intervention and that the treatment impact was much greater for parents who are more present-oriented than for parents who are less present-oriented.

The effects of continuing professional development (CPD) through SPRINT on teacher classroom practices and student learning outcomes - Mazala, Chileya Mbasilu (2011)
This study looked at the effects of Continuing Professional Development (CPD) through School Programmes for In -Service for the Term (SPRINT) on teacher classroom practices and student learning outcomes. The purpose of the study was to find out if SPRINT had any effect on teacher classroom practice and student learning outcomes. The target population was all Ndola high schools. The sample consisted of 196 respondents that is, five head teachers, five deputy heads, fifteen heads of department, five School In- Service Providers (SIP), five Zone INSET Providers (ZIP) and twelve teachers from each of the five schools and one Resource Centre Coordinator. The sample also included one hundred grade twelve pupils, twenty randomly picked from each of the five schools Purposive sampling was used to select the schools, head teachers, heads of department, INSET providers and the subject coordinator. Teachers and pupils were selected using simple random sampling. Questionnaires, observations, interviews, Focus Group Discussions and documentary evidence were the research instruments used to gather information. A review of relevant literature and its implication for CPD was undertaken to provide interrogation framework for this study. Guskey's five levels of evaluation were used to structure the framework Data were analyzed by identifying and categorizing significant themes relevant to research objectives. The data were presented in form of tables, percentages,graphs and charts. Qualitative data from interviews were coded and emerging themes grouped into categories The themes and categories of initial data were compared with those of subsequent interviews. Categories were then regrouped to get the most significant categories and themes.The findings from this study indicated that teachers at all career stages expressed the desire to take part in Continuing Professional Development through SPRINT.Research findings also showed that SPRINT activities did impact on teacher classroom practice basing on the twelve observable skills recommended by The Ministry of Education. The findings from this study further revealed that SPRINT had an impact on student learning outcomes as shown by the average scores of students whose teachers took part in CPD and those whose teachers did not.Average scores for the latter were lower than the former category of students.The findings further revealed that although there was evidence of the effect of CPD through SPRINT on teacher classroom practices and student learning outcomes, this programme was hindered by weak organisational support.The results of the study showed that teachers were not enthusiastic about continuing with the CPD programme as it lacked adequate funding and support from both local administrators and the Ministry of Education. Teachers were not involved in identifying training needs and as such did not feel they were the owners of CPD Teachers also felt that this kind of CPD did not help in career progression as the credit system was not effective. At organizational level, this study found that policies and guidelines on how to organize and manage CPD were lacking.CPD leaders also did not have adequate training to prepare them for their roles. Because of this lack of training, CPD leaders could not carry out assessment of the effects of CPD through SPRINT on teacher classroom practices and student learning outcomes.On the basis of these findings, it is recommended that teachers should be in charge of their own CPD and be involved in needs assessment .Secondly, CPD leaders should be properly trained for their role and they should have clear job specifications. In addition, adequate funding for the programme should be made available by both the Government and the School Administration. The Ministry of Education also needs to formulate national policies and guidelines on management and evaluation of SPRINT .A standardized accreditation system which would enable teachers to experience career progression through SPRINT should also be put in place. Lastly, CPD through SPRINT should be made research based with teachers having access to INTERNET and good library facilities.

Health and health-related indicators in slum, rural, and urban communities: a comparative analysis - Mberu, Blessing U.; Haregu, Tilahun Nigatu; Kyobutungi, Catherine; Ezeh, Alex C. (Global Health Action, 2016)

Inputs, Incentives, and Complementarities in Education: Experimental Evidence from Tanzania - Mbiti, Isaac; Muralidharan, Karthik; Romero, Mauricio; Schipper, Youdi; Manda, Constantine; Rajani, Rakesh (National Bureau of Economic Research, 2018)
We present results from a large-scale randomized experiment across 350 schools in Tanzania that studied the impact of providing schools with (a) unconditional grants, (b) teacher incentives based on student performance, and (c) both of the above. After two years, we find (a) no impact on student test scores from providing school grants, (b) some evidence of positive effects from teacher incentives, and (c) significant positive effects from providing both programs. Most importantly, we find strong evidence of complementarities between the two programs, with the effect of joint provision being significantly greater than the sum of the individual effects. Our results suggest that combining spending on school inputs (which is the default policy) with improved teacher incentives could substantially increase the cost-effectiveness of public spending on education.

An Evaluation of the Implementation of Information Technology in Secondary Schools in Kenya - Mbogo, Gracemary; Anne, Onunga; Kirathi, Miriam (Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 2014)
Education is the best legacy a nation can give to her citizens especially the youth. This is because the development of any nation depends on the quality of education of such a nation. While ICT continues to advance in western Asia countries, African countries still experience a lag in its implementation and continues to widen the digital and knowledge divides. In a recent study by Kiptalam et .al (2010), observed that access to ICT facilities is against the ratio of 1:15 students in developed countries. This study was carried out to investigate the extent to which Information Technology has been implemented in secondary schools in Kenya. 30 teachers were sampled out from various counties. A questionnaire was administered to the sample. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. The fidings indicated that most teachers appreciated the need to implement ICT in schools to enhance their effectiveness during the instructional processes. However, most of the teachers had limited ICT skills and rarely used ICT during their teaching. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n5p215

2018 Annual Schools Census Report And Statistical Abstract - MBSSE (Ministry of Basic and Senior Secondary Education, 2018)

Education authority to launch free online school library - Mbwiga, Gladys (The Citizen, 2019)

Technology-supported professional development for teachers: lessons from developing countries - McAleavy, Tony; Hall-Chen, Alex; Horrocks, Sarah; Riggall, Anna (Education Development Trust, 2018)
This report captures what might be learnt from a selection of the world’s most interesting examples of technology-assisted in-service professional development in lower-income countries and from wider reflections about the potential of technology to enhance the professional learning of teachers.
Keywords: Africa; Bangladesh; Blended Learning; C:Low- and middle-income countries; Developing Nations; ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE); Educational Technology; Elementary Education; Elementary School Teachers; Faculty Development; Foreign Countries; Handheld Devices; India; Inservice Teacher Education; Kenya; Large Group Instruction; Nigeria; Online Courses; Pakistan; Policymakers; Practitioners; Refugees; Shared Resources and Services; Social Media; Teaching Methods; Technology Integration; Technology Uses in Education; Telecommunications; ___working_potential_duplicate; ⛔ No DOI found

Technology-supported professional development for teachers: Lessons from developing countries - McAleavy, Tony; Hall-Chen, Alex; Horrocks, Sarah; Riggall, Anna (Education Development Trust, 2018)
This report captures what might be learnt from a selection of the world's most interesting examples of technology-assisted in-service professional development in lower-income countries and from wider reflections about the potential of technology to enhance the professional learning of teachers. This report explores the literature surrounding technology for professional learning, identifying six promising case studies: (1) UNESCO projects in Pakistan and Nigeria -- using mobile phones to deliver pedagogical content to early-grade and primary school teachers; (2) English in Action, Bangladesh using mobile phones and SD cards to deliver content to teachers; (3) Teacher Education in Sub-Saharan Africa (TESSA) -- OER [Open Educational Resources] to support interactive teaching practice; (4) Teacher Education through School-based Support in India (TESS-India) -- OER to support the adoption of more engaging pedagogies; (5) Teachers for Teachers, Kenya -- using mobile technology to strengthen teacher development in Kakuma Refugee Camp; and (6) National Tablets Programme, Kenya -- improving the coaching provided to teachers. Through these case studies we have made a series of reflections on the impact technology can have on teacher professional development, particularly in low- and low-middle income contexts: (1) Promising technology is not enough, we must not forget the human factor; (2) Mobile technologies have high potential to improve the reach, scalability and flexibility of teacher professional development; (3) OER constitute a promising format for professional development resources; (4) High-impact, sustainable technology-enabled solutions depend on local partnership and a sense of local ownership; and (5) The design and delivery of effective technology-enabled professional learning depends on high-quality impact data and careful piloting solutions. Our report explores each of these case studies and reflections in greater detail, drawing lessons for policymakers, practitioners and other organisations who seek to provide technology-related professional development opportunities for teachers.
Keywords: Blended Learning; Developing Nations; Educational Technology; Elementary School Teachers; Faculty Development; Foreign Countries; Handheld Devices; Inservice Teacher Education; Large Group Instruction; Online Courses; Refugees; Shared Resources and Services; Social Media; Teaching Methods; Technology Integration; Technology Uses in Education; Telecommunications

A breakthrough for Josh: How use of an iPad facilitated reading improvement. - McClanahan, B., Williams, K., Kennedy, E., & Tate, S. (TechTrends, 2012)

Predictors of early growth in academic achievement: the head-toes-knees-shoulders task - McClelland, Megan M.; Cameron, Claire E.; Duncan, Robert; Bowles, Ryan P.; Acock, Alan C.; Miao, Alicia; Pratt, Megan E. (Frontiers in Psychology, 2014)
Children's behavioral self-regulation and executive function (EF; including attentional or cognitive flexibility, working memory, and inhibitory control) are strong predictors of academic achievement. The present study examined the psychometric properties of a measure of behavioral self-regulation called the Head-Toes-Knees-Shoulders (HTKS) by assessing construct validity, including relations to EF measures, and predictive validity to academic achievement growth between prekindergarten and kindergarten. In the fall and spring of prekindergarten and kindergarten, 208 children (51% enrolled in Head Start) were assessed on the HTKS, measures of cognitive flexibility, working memory (WM), and inhibitory control, and measures of emergent literacy, mathematics, and vocabulary. For construct validity, the HTKS was significantly related to cognitive flexibility, working memory, and inhibitory control in prekindergarten and kindergarten. For predictive validity in prekindergarten, a random effects model indicated that the HTKS significantly predicted growth in mathematics, whereas a cognitive flexibility task significantly predicted growth in mathematics and vocabulary. In kindergarten, the HTKS was the only measure to significantly predict growth in all academic outcomes. An alternative conservative analytical approach, a fixed effects analysis (FEA) model, also indicated that growth in both the HTKS and measures of EF significantly predicted growth in mathematics over four time points between prekindergarten and kindergarten. Results demonstrate that the HTKS involves cognitive flexibility, working memory, and inhibitory control, and is substantively implicated in early achievement, with the strongest relations found for growth in achievement during kindergarten and associations with emergent mathematics.

Education and International Development: An Introduction - McCowan, Tristan; Unterhalter, Elaine (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2015)
'Honorable Mention' 2016 PROSE Award - Education PracticeEducation is fundamental to every aspect of development and there is widespread support across the world for policies that affirm that all children, regardless of their circumstances, have a right to quality schooling. Yet despite concerted efforts from national governments, multilateral organisations and NGOs over many decades we are still far from achieving education for all. In addition, while education can enhance human development, it is also associated with persistent inequalities. Education and International Development provides a comprehensive introduction to the field, giving an overview of the history, influential theories, important concepts and areas of achievement, and presenting a critical reflection on emerging trends in policy, practice and research. With chapters that review key challenges and inspiring initiatives in countries around the globe - focusing on critical issues such as language, conflict and teachers - this book serves both as a companion to graduate studies in international education and a concise reference book for practitioners and educators in the field.
Keywords: Education / Comparative; Education / Multicultural Education

Home- and center-based learning opportunities for preschoolers in low- and middle-income countries - McCoy, Dana; Salhi, Carmel; Yoshikawa, Hirokazu; Black, Maureen; Britto, Pia; Fink, Günther (Children and Youth Services Review, 2018)
Recent international development efforts have emphasized the importance of supporting early childhood development, yet little is known about the availability of early learning opportunities in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The present study uses nationally representative data from >163,000 three- and four-year-olds living in 63 countries to estimate the availability of in- and out-of-home early learning opportunities in LMICs. Results suggest that 71.9% of preschool-aged children experience high levels of at-home stimulation (e.g., reading, counting, drawing), 33.6% attend center-based early childhood care and education (ECCE) programming, 29.1% experience both, and 22.9% experience neither. Large geographical and socioeconomic disparities in learning opportunities were found both across and within countries, particularly for ECCE.

Successes and challenges of implementing a teacher education project in rural Sierra Leone - Mcdermott, Peter; Allen, Nancy (International Journal of Educational Research, 2015)

Improving learning in primary schools of developing countries: A meta-analysis of randomized experiments - McEwan, Patrick J (Review of Educational Research, 2015)
I gathered 77 randomized experiments (with 111 treatment arms) that evaluated the effects of school-based interventions on learning in developing-country primar...
Keywords: _Source:Intuitive

Educational design research - McKenney, Susan; Reeves, Thomas C. (Handbook of research on educational communications and technology, 2013)
Educational design research is a genre of research in which the iterative development of solutions to practical and complex educational problems provides the setting for scientific inquiry. The solutions can be educational products, processes, programs, or policies. Educational design research not only targets solving significant problems facing educational practitioners but at the same time seeks to discover new knowledge that can inform the work of others facing similar problems. Working systematically and simultaneously toward these dual goals is perhaps the most defining feature of educational design research. This chapter seeks to clarify the nature of educational design research by distinguishing it from other types of inquiry conducted in the field of educational communications and technology. Examples of design research conducted by different researchers working in the field of educational communications and technology are described. The chapter concludes with a discussion of several important issues facing educational design researchers as they pursue future work using this innovative research approach.

Chapter Twelve - Graph Databases: When Relationships are the Data - McKnight, William (Information Management: Strategies for Gaining a Competitive Advantage with Data, 2014)
Over in a corner of the NoSQL world, hidden among the key-value stores, the document stores Couchbase, MongoDB, and the column stores like Cassandra, lies the Graph Databases. Before relational databases, there were network databases, which are actually quite similar in concept to graph databases. SQL and the relational world came along and was clearly a better fit for the modern workload, which was largely oriented to working with numbers. Now, what matters has expanded and graph databases make a strong value proposition for their intended workload. That workload is highly connected data and includes navigating social networks, configurations, and recommendations. With the high interest in those applications, it’s workload that is poised to expand tremendously. The structure does not accept SQL. For example, Cypher is the language used with Neo4j. It contains the commands necessary to get nodes, traverse nodes, and return values. It’s simpler than SQL for traversing relationships to find values or the existence of values. Gremlin is another project for accessing graph databases. One very cool feature is to limit the “degrees” that are searched in a query. Neo Technology, a Swedish company, is the commercial sponsor of Neo4j, a leading graph database. ACID-compatible Neo4j can hold up to tens of billions of nodes, tens of billions of relationships and tens of billions of properties. Andreas Kollegger, Product Experience Designer at Neo4j, noted there were 1000 people participating in the community with thousands of databases deployed at customers of all sizes. Other graph databases include STIG from Tagged and AllegroGraph from Franz. Objectivity’s Infinite Graph is an object-oriented graph database.
Keywords: AllegroGraph; Franz; Infinite Graph; Neo Technology; Neo4J; Objectivity; STIG; Tagged; analytic databases; analytics; database management; graph databases

Scaling Impact; Innovation for the Public Good - McLean, Robert; Gargani, John (2019)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

‘Access to learning’ and ‘learning to access’: Analysing the distinctive role of specialist teachers of children and young people with vision impairments in facilitating curriculum access through an ecological systems theory - McLinden, Michael; Douglas, Graeme; Cobb, Rory; Hewett, Rachel; Ravenscroft, John (British Journal of Visual Impairment, 2016)
The move towards greater inclusive practice in recent years has resulted in significant changes in curriculum design, delivery and support for children and young people with vision impairments, including increasing placement in settings not designated for pupils with vision impairments. Within these settings, pupils will participate in most curriculum areas alongside their sighted peers with support provided by a range of practitioners including a specialist teacher of children and young people with vision impairments. This article is concerned with analysing the distinctive function and role of the specialist teacher across settings in helping to facilitate an appropriate balance of curriculum ‘access’. Drawing upon recent work in this area, a dual model of access is presented as a means of illustrating the specialist teacher’s role in (1) ensuring that the child’s environment is structured to promote learning throughout their education (‘access to learning’) and (2) supporting the child to learn distinctive skills in order to afford more independent learning (‘learning to access’). While it can be challenging for specialist teachers to find the balance between these two roles, its importance is highlighted in literature which associates independence skills with positive employment outcomes. An ecological systems theory is used as a lens through which to conceptualise and navigate the issues teachers negotiate in facilitating an appropriate curriculum balance. We illustrate the multi-faceted role of the specialist teacher in providing support ‘within’ and ‘between’ the different ‘systems’ within this theoretical framework with a particular focus on the professional ‘standards’ that are used in England and Scotland, respectively. The article is original in being the first to examine the role of the specialist teacher of children and young people with vision impairments through such an analysis. In providing a theoretical framework and related vocabulary illustrated with examples from practice, it therefore has significance for educators and researchers concerned with facilitating curriculum access across national contexts and educational settings in order to reduce future barriers to learning and participation.
Keywords: Curriculum access; ecological systems theory; specialist teacher; vision impairments

Supporting Children with Disabilities in Low- and Middle- Income Countries: Promoting Inclusive Practice within Community-Based Childcare Centres in Malawi through a Bioecological Systems Perspective - McLinden, Mike; Lynch, Paul; Soni, Anita; Artiles, Alfredo; Kholowa, Foster; Kamchedzera, Elizabeth; Mbukwa, Jenipher; Mankhwazi, Mika (International Journal of Early Childhood, 2018)
Given the narrow scope and conceptualisation of inclusion for young children with disabilities in research within low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) contexts, we draw on a bioecological systems perspective to propose the parameters for a broader unit of analysis. This perspective situates human development within a specific cultural context in which family, peers and schooling are regarded as key in responding to young children with disabilities in a given setting. We outline a new bioecological model to illustrate the proximal and distal factors that can influence inclusive early development for children with disabilities within LMICs. To illustrate the relevance of this model to early child development research, we consider its application, as a conceptual framework, with reference to a research study in Malawi. The study was designed to promote greater inclusive practice for young children with disabilities in Community-Based Childcare Centres (CBCCs) with a particular focus on the role of the CBCC volunteer ‘caregiver’ in rural Malawi. It has significance for educators, service providers and researchers concerned with facilitating inclusive early development across national boundaries and contexts.

Low-cost private schools: Evidence, approaches and emerging issues - Mcloughlin, Claire (University of Birmingham, 2013)

Education's Effects on Individual Life Chances and On Development: An Overview - McMahon, Walter W.; Oketch, Moses (British Journal of Educational Studies, 2013)
This paper estimates the effects of human capital skills largely created through education on life's chances over the life cycle. Qualifications as a measure of these skills affect earnings, and schooling affects private and social non-market benefits beyond earnings. Private non-market benefits include better own-health, child health, spousal health, infant mortality, longevity, fertility, household efficiency, asset management and happiness. Social benefits include increased democratisation, civil rights, political stability, reduced crime, lower prison, health and welfare costs, and new ideas. Individual benefits enhance community-wide development. New ‘narrow’ social rates of return using UK Labour Force earnings correct for institutional costs, longitudinal trends and ability. The paper's objective, however, is to estimate these earnings plus non-market outcomes comprehensively without overlaps and also relative to costs. Non-market outcomes are measured by averaging regression coefficients from published studies that meet scientific standards. New UK ‘narrow’ social rates of return average 12.1 per cent for short-cycle and 13.6 per cent for bachelor's programmes. Augmented with non-market effects on life chances, they are over twice that. Short degrees are found effective for regional development and have potential for developing countries.
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate; auto_merged; cost-benefit; education and development; externalities; financing criteria; life chances; non-market benefits; qualifications; rates of return; social benefits

Education's Effects on Individual Life Chances and On Development: An Overview - McMahon, Walter W.; Oketch, Moses (British Journal of Educational Studies, 2013)
This paper estimates the effects of human capital skills largely created through education on life's chances over the life cycle. Qualifications as a measure of these skills affect earnings, and schooling affects private and social non-market benefits beyond earnings. Private non-market benefits include better own-health, child health, spousal health, infant mortality, longevity, fertility, household efficiency, asset management and happiness. Social benefits include increased democratisation, civil rights, political stability, reduced crime, lower prison, health and welfare costs, and new ideas. Individual benefits enhance community-wide development. New ‘narrow’ social rates of return using UK Labour Force earnings correct for institutional costs, longitudinal trends and ability. The paper's objective, however, is to estimate these earnings plus non-market outcomes comprehensively without overlaps and also relative to costs. Non-market outcomes are measured by averaging regression coefficients from published studies that meet scientific standards. New UK ‘narrow’ social rates of return average 12.1 per cent for short-cycle and 13.6 per cent for bachelor's programmes. Augmented with non-market effects on life chances, they are over twice that. Short degrees are found effective for regional development and have potential for developing countries.
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate; cost-benefit; education and development; externalities; financing criteria; life chances; non-market benefits; qualifications; rates of return; social benefits

International distance learning in special education: a program evaluation of a US-Ecuador collaboration - McPherson, Rebekah (University of North Texas, 2010)
The internationalization of distance learning in special education is at a pivotal point in expansion. Even with concerted efforts through traditional means to increase the supply of special educators, shortages persist; therefore, teacher preparation programs are turning to online education. This dissertation study was a formative program evaluation of a bilingual, two-course sequence within a web-based special education master’s program offered at the University of North Texas (UNT), in Denton, Texas, and at the Universidad Casa Grande (UCG) in Guayaquil, Ecuador. The research design was based on the unfolding model of program evaluation, and it included mixed-methods of data collection. The model focused attention on (1) scientific evidence, (2) cost-benefit differential, (3) underlying values, and, (4) unintended consequences. Data came from archived documents as well as six semi-structured interviews with stakeholders and survey data from 23 student participants. The findings for the general-orientation course, Special Education Programs and Practices, revealed mixed results concerning multicultural awareness on the part of student participants. However, it seemed to have influenced their lesson design and made a difference in other areas. Some multicultural awareness concepts frequented the discussion board. The specialized course, Assistive Technology, which had more frequent communication between UNT and UCG on the discussion board, suggested larger increases in students’ multicultural awareness. With respect to both courses, the stakeholders recommended that the structure be strengthened for non-bilingual instructors and students to be able to communicate more freely.
Keywords: 0529:Special education; 0530:Teacher education; 0710:Educational technology; Curriculum Design; Data Collection; Disabilities; Distance Education; Distance learning; ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE); Ecuador; Education; Educational Technology; Educational technology; Evidence; Foreign Countries; Graduate Students; Higher Education; International collaboration; Interviews; Masters Programs; Online instruction; Online learning; Program Evaluation; Program evaluation; Research Design; Special Education; Special education; Surveys; Teacher education; Texas; Unfolding model; United States; __:import:01; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2098174; __finaldtb

Taking Stock of the Global Partnership for Development (MDG 8) - MDG Gap Task Force (UN, 2015)

Experimental Evaluation of the Tools of the Mind Pre-K Curriculum. Fidelity of Implementation Technical Report. Working Paper. - Meador, Deanna; Nesbitt, Kimberly; Farran, Dale (Peabody Research Institute, 2015)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

The effectiveness of online and blended learning: A meta-analysis of the empirical literature - Means, Barbara; Toyama, Yukie; Murphy, Robert; Bakia, Marianne (Teachers College Record, 2013)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Evaluation of Evidence-Based Practices in Online Learning: A Meta-analysis and Review of Online Learning Studies - Means, Barbara; Toyama, Yukie; Murphy, Robert; Bakia, Marianne; Jones, Karla (US Department of Education, 2010)

Two decades of SIMCE: an overview of the National Assessment System in Chile - Meckes, Lorena; Carrasco, Rafael (Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 2010)

Comprehensive Indicators of Preschool Education - MECSS (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sciences and Sports, 2019)

Power, knowledge and the politics of gender in the Global South - Medie, Peace A.; Kang, Alice J. (European Journal of Politics and Gender, 2018)
Critical feminists have argued that research on women and gender is not sufficiently 'global' in its representation of scholars and perspectives. We draw on these works to argue that the scholarship on women, gender and politics does not sufficiently consider the effects of the global order in the Global South. We propose the adoption of a 'global lens' to address this gap. We further examine the representation of South-based scholars by analysing leading women, gender and politics journals, and find that they are severely under-represented as authors. We propose steps to address this underrepresentation and to decolonise the scholarship.
Keywords: GENDER; GLOBAL INEQUALITY; GLOBAL SOUTH; JOURNALS; POLITICAL; PUBLICATIONS; SCIENCE

Community Development through Open Learning and Distance Education - Mehmood, Tahir; Hussain Ch, Abid; Saeed, Amna (Bulletin of Education and Research, 2016)
The global need for community development is greater now in the early 21st century than ever before. According to UNESCO, half of the world's 195 countries will have to expand their stock of educationist significantly, some by tens of thousands, if the goal development targets are desired to achieve. Socioeconomic inequities, political instability, demographic changes and crises such as the HIV/AIDs epidemic have engendered huge shortfalls in teacher supply and low teacher quality in many developing countries. Education serves as back bone in development process. Open learning and distance education programs are serving as pivotal part of development process. It is now clear that "bricks and mortar" approaches to expanding teacher education may not be adequate if the current and projected shortfalls in teacher supply and low teacher quality are to be properly addressed. The study is designed to measure the perceptions of teaching learning community about community development with special reference to open and distance learning. It was descriptive study which targeted teachers, students, community members and experts. Data analysis was carried out by using statistical techniques served by SPSS. Findings reflected that audience perceives open and distance learning as change agent and as development tool. It is noticed that target audience has driven prominent performance by using facility of open and distance learning.
Keywords: Access to Education; Change Agents; Community Development; Developing Nations; Distance Education; Economic Development; Educational Change; Educational Quality; Foreign Countries; Gender Differences; Nongovernmental Organizations; Open Educational Resources; Social Differences; Specialists; Student Attitudes; Teacher Attitudes; Teacher Shortage; ⛔ No DOI found

A Brief Review of Systems Theories and Their Managerial Applications - Mele, Cristina; Pels, Jacqueline; Polese, Francesco (Service Science, 2010)

Looking to the future: M-learning with the iPad - Melhuish, K. & Falloon, G. (Computers in New Zealand Schools: Learning, Leading, Technology, 2010)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Investing in the crisis: Private participation in the education of Syrian refugees - Menashy, Francine; Zakharia, Zeena (Education International, 2017)

Private engagement in refugee education and the promise of digital humanitarianism - Menashy, Francine; Zakharia, Zeena (Oxford Review of Education, 2019)
This paper examines the prevalence of technological interventions in education in emergencies through a case study of private participation in Syrian refugee education in Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey. This research is conceptually situated within critiques of ‘digital humanitarianism’, simultaneously interrogating the role of technology in humanitarian responses and the roles of private actors who promote this technology. Our study demonstrates that a pervasive optimism concerning education technology in emergencies accompanies a surge in private actor engagement in Syrian refugee education. Findings indicate that while access to technology in educational settings is important to the Syrian refugee populations, private actors’ disproportionate focus on technology is problematic, particularly when technological interventions are viewed as panaceas for refugee education; designed free from coordination; driven by profit motivations; and developed in a manner decontextualised from the learning context. This study attends to the necessity of countering the overwhelming optimism about technology as a panacea for refugee education, which fails to problematise the implications of interventions developed in the Global North for a distant ‘other’ in the Global South.
Keywords: GENERAL - to be categorised; Google Scholar/ "education technology" refugees

Strengthening Teacher Professional Development: Local and global communities of practice in Kakuma Refugee Camp - Mendenhall, Mary (Columbia University, 2017)
Keywords: C:Kenya / Rwanda

Expanding Teacher Support through Mobile Mentoring in Kakuma Refugee Camp: Benefits and Challenges - Mendenhall, Mary; Skinner, Makala; Collas, Sophia; French, Sarah (Current Issues in Comparative Education, 2018)
Governmental and non-governmental institutions alike have rallied around technology as a potential solution for addressing the dearth of quality educational opportunities and adequately trained teachers in many regions around the world (Burns, 2011; Carlson, 2013; Dahya, 2016). This is no less true in humanitarian and refugee contexts where technology is being used in myriad ways to connect teachers and learners with educational content and resources. A recent landscape review (Dahya, 2016) about the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in these contexts stated that technology has the potential to support education for marginalized populations in crisis contexts, and that teacher training and student learning are the primary areas of focus for utilizing technology for education. In many settings, technology is used for the provision of lesson plans and curricula to deliver subject knowledge directly to students, to train or certify teachers, and to connect individuals and build community (Dryden-Peterson, Dahya, and Douhaibi, 2017; Power, 2012; Winthrop and Smith, 2012). Modes of delivery include computers, laptops, tablets, portable media players, e-readers, personal digital assistants, and mobile phones (Burns, 2011; Carlson, 2013; Winthrop and Smith, 2012; Dahya, 2016).
Keywords: Google Scholar/ "refugee education" ICT; RER theme_supporting educators; __:import:01; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2425895; ___working_potential_duplicate; __finaldtb; ⛔ No DOI found

DES JOURNAL 2012.pdf - Meno, Yeba Judith Sama Mouokuio (Journal of Continuing, Open and Distance Education, 2012)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Gender bias in attitude towards girls in the Use of computers in selected schools in central Africa - Meno, Yeba Judith Sama Mouokuio (Journal of Continuing, Open and Distance Education, 2012)
Keywords: Equity of Access; ⛔ No DOI found

Getting real about politics - Menocal, Alina Rocha (Overseas Development Institute, 2014)

"Getting real about politics: From thinking politically to working differently" - Menocal, Alina Rocha (Overseas Development Institute, 2014)

Thinking and working politically through applied political economy analysis: A guide for practitioners - Menocal, Alina Rocha; Cassidy, Marc; Swift, Sarah; Jacobstein, David; Rothblum, Corinne; Tservil, Ilona (USAID, 2018)

‘Without Education You Can Never Become President’: Teenage Pregnancy and Pseudo-empowerment in Post-Ebola Sierra Leone - Menzel, Anne (Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, 2019)
This article analyses the emergence of ‘teenage pregnancy’ as a new policy focus in post-Ebola Sierra Leone and explores how Sierra Leoneans interpret the problem of ‘teenage pregnancy’. I argue that the new policy focus is not indicative of changing or new problems. Rather, ‘teenage pregnancy’ has created opportunities for donors and the Government of Sierra Leone to continue cooperation in gender politics. At the same time, Sierra Leoneans are clearly concerned about ‘teenage pregnancy’, and many agree with sensitization campaigns that responsibilize young women and girls while downplaying structural factors that render them vulnerable to arrangements involving transactional sex.
Keywords: Sierra Leone; aid and development; gender politics; neoliberalism; sexual violence; teenage pregnancy

Complexity and systems thinking - Merali, Yasmin; Allen, P. (2011)
Once the whole is divided, the parts need names. There are already enough names. One must know when to stop. Knowing when to stop averts trouble. Tao in the world is like a river flowing home to the sea. Lau Tsu, Tao Te Ching.

Supporting the education of marginalized girls in Kailali (STEM II) - Mercy Corps (2017)

SystemsThinking: New Directions in Theory, Practice and Application. Proceedings of the Seventeenth IFSR Conversation 2014. St. Magdalena, Linz, Austria International Federation for Systems Research Impressum - Metcalf, Gary; Chroust, Gerhard; Edson, Mary; Nguyen, Nam (2014)
SystemsThinking: New Directions in Theory, Practice and Application. Proceedings of the Seventeenth IFSR Conversation 2014. St. Magdalena, Linz, Austria

Digital Learning Innovations for Syrian Refugees and Host Communities in Lebanon - Metni, Eliane (2019)

Universal Design for Learning: Theory and Practice - Meyer, A; Rose, D; Gordon, D (Center for Applied Special Technology., 2016)

PISA and the globalization of education governance: some puzzles and problems - Meyer, Heinz Dieter; Benavot, Aaron (PISA, Power, and Policy: The Emergence of Global Educational Governance, 2013)

Awareness and use of a mobile phone as a potential pedagogical tool among secondary school teachers in Tanzania - Mfaume, Hamisi (International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology (IJEDICT), 2019)
The government of Tanzania through its ICT Policy for Basic Education, has indicated a commitment to use of mobile phones among other ICTs, as a strategy to enhance the quality of education. It is from this fact that this study determined teachers’ awareness of the educational benefits of the device, their use and barriers towards their educational use. The study was qualitative in nature, using a sample of twenty one (21) teachers who were purposefully selected from three secondary schools. Data were sought through semi-structured interviews and were thematically analysed. The findings revealed that teachers are well informed of the benefits, but they hardly utilize it for educational purposes. Lack of knowledge and skills, a negative attitude, lack of awareness of the ICT policy, age and low motivation emerged as key barriers. In light of the findings, the study concluded that the government’s commitment to integrate the device in the promotion of quality education has not yet moved beyond policy statements. Thus, a concerted effort is needed to train teachers on pedagogical utilization of the device.
Keywords: Bali; Bangkok Thailand; Cellular telephones; Education; Educational technology; Japan; Learning; Pedagogy; Secondary school teachers; Students; Tanzania; Teaching; United Kingdom--UK; United States--US; __:import:01; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2096774; __finaldtb; ⛔ No DOI found

Harnessing the power of a mobile phone in the promotion of teacher ethics in Tanzania - Mfaume, Hamisi; Mgaya, Rose; Bilinga, Margareth (International Journal of Education and Development using ICT, 2019)
This study examined teachers’ perspectives on using a mobile phone in the promotion of teacher ethics in Tanzania. It was informed by the qualitative approach, using a sample of forty-eight (48) respondents who were drawn through purposive and convenient sampling techniques. Data were sought through Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and were subjected to thematic data analysis. Findings indicated that a handful of respondents perceived a mobile phone as a viable tool in the promotion of teacher ethics. Moreover, ownership and accessibility, popularity and ease of use, internet coverage and connectivity, as well as the ubiquitous nature of the device were the reasons given for their perceptions. However, teachers’ lack of knowledge, attitude and beliefs, financial problems, limited network connection, and poor coordination and technical support were the anticipated challenges in using the device in the promotion of teacher ethics. Based on the noted potential of the device, the study recommends the need for Teachers’ Service Commission in Tanzania to adopt and use the device so as to ensure wider coverage of ethical information and combat unethical conduct amongst teachers.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Emerging fundamental issues of teacher education in Tanzania: a reflection of practices - Mgaiwa, Samson J (Educational Process: International Journal, 2018)
Quality of teachers is recognized as one of the critical dimensions for promoting student learning in schools. However, in Tanzania there are several emerging issues that affect teacher education and teachers, and as a result affect students’ learning. The existing corpus of literature indicates a death of studies on the systematic understanding of issues that affect teacher education in Tanzania, especially at a time when education across the world is encountering a number of challenges. Employing documentary review and interviews as data collection methods, this paper attempts to analyze the emerging issues affecting teacher education in Tanzania. Employing the Teacher Education Model for the 21st Century, the paper identified five major issues affecting teacher education namely; lack of specific policies for teacher education, lack of continuing professional development, lack of an autonomous teacher regulatory body, inadequate ICT and teacher education, and poor quality of candidates joining teacher education. Generally, the findings indicate that teacher education is not effectively planned in terms of policy imperatives to meet the contemporary professional demands for 21st century education in Tanzania, and beyond. Finally, conclusions and certain recommendations which take a futuristic perspective in preparing 21st century teachers are offered.
Keywords: 21st century; Education; Learning; Tanzania; Teacher education; __:import:01; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2095912; __finaldtb; students’ learning; teacher education; teachers

Perception and Usage Level of ICT of the Primary School Teachers in Bangladesh - Mia, Abdul Hannan; Haque, Ziaul (Bangladesh Journal of MIS, 2013)
Bangladesh has been investing in the integration of information and communication technology (ICT) in education from the last decade. The evolution of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and their integration in the education lead to specific changes both in personal and professional area of primary school teachers in Bangladesh. Bangladesh has realized the need for a high quality primary education system and seen huge government funding for schools over the last 7years. However, Bangladesh’s spending on ICT has attracted little research regarding the impact of ICT on primary school teachers. For this reason, this study aimed to discover perception and usage level of ICT of the primary school teachers in Bangladesh. The study found that teachers have deficiency in usage and training of ICT. Findings revealed that programs on ICT provided for the primary schools in Bangladesh were too basic and that further investment is required. Data analyzed by STATA indicate that perception of primary school teachers about the ICT is positive irrespective of demographic characteristics such as sex, level of profession, type of institution, marital status and age. The usage level of ICT is not satisfactory whether the teacher is married or single, senior or junior or headmaster, male or female and government or non government. Some initiative can be taken to improve the ICT use among primary school teachers such as training on ICT, setup of computer Lab in primary school, introducing a course on ICT in primary level, reducing the cost of Internet connection and ICT devices etc.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

UNESCO’s Work in ICT in Education Policy - Miao, Fengchun (2018)

Supporting teachers with mobile technology: lessons drawn from UNESCO projects in Mexico, Nigeria, Senegal and Pakistan - Miao, Fengchun; West, Mark; Hyo-Jeong, So; Toh, Yancy (UNESCO, 2017)

Payment by results in nineteenth-century British education: A study in how priorities change - Midgley, Henry (Journal of Policy History, 2016)
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Teachers’ Perception About Integration of ICT in Teaching and Learning of Kiswahili Language in Secondary Schools in Kenya. - Miima, Florence; Ondigi, Dr Samson; Mavisi, Rose (2013)
This article discusses the results of exploratory study of integration of ICT in teaching and learning of Kiswahili language in Kenyan secondary schools taking the case of Kakamega county in western part of Kenya. A survey design technique was adopted. Forty five teachers were selected to act as sample size for the study. Questionnaires and interview protocols were used to collect the data. The data collected was analyzed through descriptive statistical techniques. The results are summarized and presented through tables and graphs. The findings established that most Kiswahili teachers understand the benefit of integrating ICT in teaching and learning of Kiswahili language but they are not willing to adopt it due to various challenges. The paper examines how Kiswahili language teachers integrate ICT into everyday classroom practice, their perceptions, constrains, and their reservations. It also considers use of ICT along with the influences of established curriculum practice and policy upon Kiswahili language teacher’s willingness to develop new forms of activity and pedagogy. The case study provides some information on integration of ICT at all level of language teaching and learning in education.

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Video-recording of lectures and creating of podcasts for playback on the computer and other portable devices which accommodate the new formats of self-developed learning are identified as flipped classroom. The study was focused on the objective to Investigate performance of prospective teachers of flipped classroom and non-flipped classroom with respect to flipped classroom strategy. Therefore, null hypotheses were formulated; there is no significant difference between the mean scores of flipped classroom and non-flipped classroom of prospective teachers before and after treatment; Pretest posttest equivalent group experimental research design was taken for the study. A paired random sampling technique was employed to select the sample on the basis of pretest scores from the subjects.. Experimental group was named flipped classroom and control group was named non-flipped classroom. Treatment of flipped classroom strategy provided to the flipped classroom and the non-flipped classroom was thought through lecture demonstration method. Posttest was administered to collect data from both groups without delay after treatment of six academic weeks. Results of the study illustrated that there was significant difference between the performance of flipped and non-flipped classrooms prospective teachers. It was recommended that flipped classroom may be an integral part of curriculum of professional development courses in Pakistan.
Keywords: Education; Educational technology; Learning; Pedagogy; Podcasts; Professional development; Teacher attitudes; __:import:01; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2096864; __finaldtb; ⛔ No DOI found

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