Deliverology 101: A Field Guide For Educational Leaders - Barber, Michael; Moffit, Andy; Kihn, Paul (Corwin Press, 2011)
'Michael Barber's pioneering work as head of my Delivery Unit helped ensure real progress, not just with our education reforms, but with healthcare and policing too. It attracted worldwide attention. This guide distils the wisdom he gained at that time and has refined since. I strongly recommend it.' - Tony Blair, Former UK Prime Minister 1997-2007A step-by-step approach to delivering resultsMichael Barber, former chief advisor on delivery to British Prime Minister Tony Blair, and his colleagues Andy Moffit and Paul Kihn thoroughly describe Barber's proven reform delivery processes in this practical field guide. The timing is ideal, as Barack Obama's administration prioritizes education reform. Citing education reform case studies from more than 20 countries, the authors assert that most previous reforms were unsuccessful due to failed implementation. This book focuses on how to accomplish meaningful results, including:- Significant and ongoing education reform- Excellence and equity across public educationThe authors illustrate a field-tested program that ensures reform is achieved in the most profound sense, with students able to see, feel, and reap the benefits of a high-quality education. It is based not only on the experience of the Blair administration but also on case studies of successful implementation of reform in the U.S. and elsewhere.Listen as Barber describes the importance of the book:
Keywords: Education / Decision-Making & Problem Solving; Education / Leadership

Delivering Remote Learning Using a Low-Tech Solution: Evidence from an RCT during the Covid-19 Pandemic - Islam, Asad; Wang, Liang Choon; Hassan, Hashibul (EdTech Hub, 2022)
During the prolonged school closure due to the Covid-19 pandemic, many children in rural Bangladesh were missing out on formal education. What is more these children had limited access to distance learning modalities such as the internet, television, and radio. To counteract this poor access, this study used the widely accessible modality of mobile phones to deliver a set of audio lessons to primary school students using Interactive Voice Response (IVR). These lessons were developed using the Interactive Radio Instruction (IRI) method. An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Keywords: _r:AddedByZotZen

Delivering Quality Education and Health Care to All: Preparing Regions for Demographic Change - OECD (OECD Rural Studies, 2021)

Delivering Distance Learning in Emergencies | Education Links - USAID (2020)
The purpose of this review, produced by USAID's Data and Evidence in Education Programs (DEEP) activity, is to provide evidence on four effective distance learning modalities that can be implemented in USAID-recipient countries during and beyond emergencies.

Delivering distance learning in emergencies: A review of evidence and best practice - Morris, Emily; Farrell, Anna; EnCompass LLC; MSI (USAID, 2020)

Delivering Distance Learning in Emergencies: a review of evidence and best practice - USAID (USAID, 2020)

Delivering Distance Education in Emergencies: A Review of Evidence and Best Practice - USAID (2020)
The purpose of this review, produced by USAID's Data and Evidence in Education Programs (DEEP) activity, is to provide evidence on four effective distance learning modalities that can be implemented in USAID-recipient countries during and beyond emergencies.

Delaying child marriage through community-based skills-development programs for girls: Results from a randomized controlled study in rural Bangladesh - Amin, Sajeda; Ahmed, Johana; Saha, Jyotirmoy; Hossain, Md.; Haque, Eashita (Population Council, 2016)

Delay in teachers’ salaries sparks unrest in Liberia - Andalou Agency (2019)
Students took to streets, demanding release of payments to their teachers and return to class work - Anadolu Agency

Defining the Digital Divide: Developing a Theoretical Understanding of Inequalities in the Information Age - Selwyn, Neil (Cardiff University School of Social Sciences, 2002)

Defining student engagement - Axelson, Rick D.; Flick, Arend (Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, 2011)

Defining 'leave no one behind' - Stuart, Elizabeth; Samman, Emma (Overseas Development Institute, 2017)

DEFI Launch Presentation - DEFI Cambridge (2021)

DEEP IMPACT: an investigation of the use of information and communication technologies for teacher education in the global south - Leach, Jenny (DFID, 2006)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

DEEP IMPACT: an investigation of the use of information and communication technologies for teacher education in the Global South - Leach, Jenny; Ahmed, Atef; Makalima, Shumi; Power, Tom (DFID, 2006)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate; auto_merged

Deconstructing EdTech frameworks based on their creators, features, and usefulness - Cherner, Todd; Mitchell, Chyrstine (Learning, Media and Technology, 2020)
Several theoretical frameworks have been released in recent years to inform how educational technology (edtech) can be used in the classroom. These frameworks range from providing a holistic view of the role edtech plays in education at a macrolevel to analyzing how edtech is used by students and teachers. With a growing number of them now available, researchers have yet to systemically collect and analyze a set of these frameworks, which can result in edtech not being used effectively by practitioners and researchers alike. In response, this study employed a content analysis methodology to analyze nine frameworks designed for using edtech. This study will report its findings regarding the creators of these frameworks, features used to draw attention to the frameworks, and which frameworks key stakeholders may find most useful. To conclude, implications for contextualizing these frameworks within the EdTech Ecosystem will be offered along with critical considerations for practitioners and researchers to use when selecting edtech frameworks for their work.
Keywords: Critical Media Literacy; EdTech; Frameworks

Decolonising EdTech: Unpacking Conceptual Frameworks. Writers Workshop 1 - Adam, Taskeen; Moustafa, Nariman (EdTech Hub, 2023)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Keywords: _r:AddedByZotZen

Decolonising EdTech: A resource list for tackling coloniality and digital neocolonialism in EdTech - Adam, Taskeen; Sarwar, Moizza Binat; Moustafa, Nariman (EdTech Hub, 2022)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate; _r:AddedByZotZen

Decolonisation of curriculum: the case of language education policy in Nepal - Poudel, Prem Prasad; Jackson, Liz; Choi, Tae-Hee (London Review of Education, 2022)
While decolonisation is usually discussed in relation to countries that were formally colonised, countries that have not been formally colonised have also faced challenges related to colonialism. In this case, it is worth considering whether decolonial theory has more widespread applicability to respond to global challenges faced in the postcolonial era. This article documents the historical trajectories of colonisation and decolonisation of the school curriculum in Nepal. Although Nepal was never formally colonised, the introduction of modern schooling in Nepal was informed by the British colonisation of India, where local languages were replaced by English in the curriculum, diminishing the value of local languages and knowledges. Against this backdrop, the Nepal government issued a series of policies supporting Nepali supremacy, but the expansion of English was not significantly challenged. Rather, the policies resulted in a double colonisation of ethnic/Indigenous languages: external colonisation by English, and internal colonisation by the Nepali language. However, significant decolonisation efforts have recently made space for minoritised languages in the curriculum. This article illustrates these colonisation and decolonisation waves, shaped by the government, local communities and other actors. Drawing on Nepal’s legislative and educational policies, the article relates language policy decisions and actions as decolonial efforts to support ethnic/Indigenous languages and explores the implications for understanding tensions around decolonisation of curriculum.

Decolonisation in Universities: The politics of knowledge - Jansen, Jonathan (Wits University Press, 2019)
Shortly after the giant bronze statue of Cecil John Rhodes came down at the University of Cape Town, student protestors called for the decolonisation of universities. It was a word hardly heard in South Africa’s struggle lexicon and many asked: What exactly is decolonisation? This book brings together some of the most innovative thinking on curriculum theory to address this important question. In the process, several critical questions are raised: Is decolonisation simply a slogan for addressing other pressing concerns on campuses and in society? What is the colonial legacy with respect to curricula and can it be undone? How is the project of curricula decolonisation similar to or different from the quest for post-colonial knowledge, indigenous knowledge or a critical theory of knowledge? What does decolonisation mean in a digital age where relationships between knowledge and power are shifting? Strong conceptual analyses are combined with case studies of attempts to ‘do decolonisation’ in settings as diverse as South Africa, Uganda, Tanzania and Mauritius. This comparative perspective enables reasonable judgments to be made about the prospects for institutional take-up within the curriculum of century-old universities. Decolonisation in Universities is essential reading for undergraduate teaching, postgraduate research and advanced scholarship in the field of curriculum studies.Shortly after the giant bronze statue of Cecil John Rhodes came down at the University of Cape Town, student protestors called for the decolonisation of universities. It was a word hardly heard in South Africa’s struggle lexicon and many asked: What exactly is decolonisation? This edited volume brings together the most innovative thinking on curriculum theory to address this important question. In the process, several critical questions are raised: Is decolonisation simply a slogan for addressing other pressing concerns on campuses and in society? What is the colonial legacy with respect to curriculum and can it be undone? How is the project of curriculum decolonisation similar to or different from the quest for postcolonial knowledge, indigenous knowledge or a critical theory of knowledge? What does decolonisation mean in a digital age where relationships between knowledge and power are shifting? The book combines strong conceptual analyses with novel case studies of attempts to ‘do decolonisation’ in settings as diverse as South Africa, Uganda, Tanzania and Mauritius. Such a comparative perspective enables reasonable judgements to be made about the prospects for institutional take-up within the curriculum of century-old universities.

Decentralisation policy and practice in Ghana: the promise and reality of community participation in education in rural communities - Essuman, Ato; Akyeampong, Kwame (Journal of Education Policy, 2011)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

Decentralisation policy and practice in Ghana: the promise and reality of community participation in education in rural communities - Essuman, Ato; Akyeampong, Kwame (Journal of Education Policy, 2011)
In 1987, the government of Ghana embarked on a process to decentralise education management to districts as part of wider social and democratic governance reforms. A central part of this reform was the prescription of active community participation in the affairs of schools within their locality. This paper explores the different meanings community participation had for school community stakeholders. It examines the multiple understandings of how community and school relations work and the factors which influence this relationship. Drawing on case study data, it argues that much of the theoretical and policy expectations on representation and participation in education by community members are only evident in form, but not as intended in practice. In poor rural contexts, it is often the local elite and relatively more educated members of the community, who become the new brokers of decision-making and, through their actions, close up the spaces for representation and participation by community members in the affairs of schools. Furthermore, the extent of community participation appears to be shaped by a ‘social contract’ based on the principle of reciprocity of roles between the community and schools, and that increasingly teachers feel accountable to the traditional hierarchical educational structure, and not to the community. The paper argues that the realisation of decentralisation policy in education has to contend with the realities of local politics of influence in the community, and tap into the positive side of this influence to improve education service delivery.
Keywords: Ghana; Parent Teacher Associations (PTA); School Management Committees (SMC); ___working_potential_duplicate; community participation; decentralisation policy

Death of mixed methods? Or the rebirth of research as a craft - Symonds, Jennifer E.; Gorard, Stephen (Evaluation & Research in Education, 2010)
The classification by many scholars of numerical research processes as quantitative and other research techniques as qualitative has prompted the construction of a third category, that of ‘mixed methods’, to describe studies that use elements from both processes. Such labels might be helpful in structuring our understanding of phenomena. But they can also inhibit our activities when they serve as inaccurate or limiting descriptors. Based on the observation that mixed methods are fast becoming a common research approach in the social sciences, this paper questions whether the assumptions that are used and perpetuated by mixed methods are valid. The paper calls for a critical change in how we perceive research, in order to better describe actual research processes. A ‘core’ design typology of the mechanisms underlying research structures and processes is posited to encourage creative thinking around alternatives to the three purported paradigms of quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods. This ‘return to basics’ seeks to encourage new and innovative research designs to emerge, and suggests a rebirth of research from the ashes of mixed methods.
Keywords: mixed methods; paradigm; qualitative; quantitative; research methods; research philosophy

Dearth of research in Bangladeshi universities - Momin, S (2020)

Deaf Reach: End of Sandbox Showcase - Siddiqui, Maira; Shaikh, Saira; Rahman, Asad (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Keywords: _EdTechHub_Output; _MELA_seen; _r:AddedByZotZen

DBE's National School Nutrition Programme - Republic of South Africa (DBE's National School Nutrition Programme, 2022)

Day of the Girl Child - 2016 - UNICEF (2016)

Daughters of the Nile: Egyptian women changing their world - Spencer, S.I. (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2016)

Data sharing agreements - UK Information Commissioner's Office (2021)

Data quality check for hierarchical linear data with outliers - idinsight (2022)
How to implement a data quality check for pairs of variables displaying linear relationships.

Data Protection and Privacy Legislation Worldwide | UNCTAD - UNCTAD (2022)

Data Protection Act 2018 - UK Data Protection Act (2018)

Data Privacy in Bangladesh A Review of Three Key Stakeholders Perspectives - Hossain, Kamal; Alam, Khabirul; Khan, Umme Saara (Seventh International Conference on Advances in Social Science, Economics and Management Study - SEM 2018, 2018)

Data or bread? A policy analysis of student experiences of learning under lockdown - Jansen, J. (Southern African Review of Education, 2020)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Data Innovation for Policymaking - Pulse Lab Jakarta (2014)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Data Governance and Stewardship - U.S. Department of Education (2015)
Successful data management requires a proactive approach to addressing stakeholders’ needs for high-quality data, while protecting the privacy of individual respondents. To accomplish this, organizations are advised to develop and implement a comprehensive data governance program. A sound governance program will help organizations to improve their decisionmaking and improve efficiency of operations through establishing a coordinated response to common issues, such as data access controls and staff training; standardizing data definitions and processes; and implementing a holistic approach to mitigating data security risks.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Data governance: A conceptual framework, structured review, and research agenda - Abraham, Rene; Schneider, Johannes; vom Brocke, Jan (International Journal of Information Management, 2019)
Data governance refers to the exercise of authority and control over the management of data. The purpose of data governance is to increase the value of data and minimize data-related cost and risk. Despite data governance gaining in importance in recent years, a holistic view on data governance, which could guide both practitioners and researchers, is missing. In this review paper, we aim to close this gap and develop a conceptual framework for data governance, synthesize the literature, and provide a research agenda. We base our work on a structured literature review including 145 research papers and practitioner publications published during 2001-2019. We identify the major building blocks of data governance and decompose them along six dimensions. The paper supports future research on data governance by identifying five research areas and displaying a total of 15 research questions. Furthermore, the conceptual framework provides an overview of antecedents, scoping parameters, and governance mechanisms to assist practitioners in approaching data governance in a structured manner.
Keywords: Conceptual framework; Data governance; Information governance; Literature review; Research agenda

Data for learning: Building a smart education data system - Abdul-Hamid, Husein (Directions in Development Human Development, 2017)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate; ⛔ No DOI found

Data Explorer | Open Budget Survey | International Budget Partnership - International Budget Partnership (2022)

Data Collection Survey on Possibilities of Educational Support with ICT and Japanese Companies Promotion in Mongolia - JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency, 2019)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

Data Collection Survey on Possibilities of Educational Support with ICT and Japanese Companies Promotion in Mongolia - JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency, 2019)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

Data Collection Strategies in Mixed Methods Research - Johnson, Burke; Turner, Lisa A. (SAGE, 2003)
Johnson, B. and Turner, L.A. (2003) Data Collection Strategies in Mixed Methods Research. In: Tashakkori, A.M. and Teddlie, C.B., Eds., Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social and Behavioral Research, SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, 297-319.
Keywords: Social Science / Folklore & Mythology; Social Science / Research

Data collection, primary vs. secondary - Hox, Joop J; Boeije, Hennie R (Encyclopedia of social measurement, 2005)

Data collection and visualisation tools in the education sector in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia - Vijil, Alejandra; El-Serafy, Yomna; Adam, Taskeen; Haßler, Björn (EdTech Hub, 2024)
This report provides a landscape analysis of available data collection and visualisation tools in the education sector in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Digital data collection has the potential to facilitate cost-effective, adaptable, timely and reliable data to inform decision-making. The value proposition of these tools, as opposed to paper-based data collection, is that they have the potential to save valuable time and resources, minimise errors, and facilitate the sharing of results. To develop this report, we reviewed 50 available tools, of which we reviewed four in depth, considering their uses, features, and challenges. This report offers key takeaways on the potential advantages and limitations of using digital data collection tools in the education sector in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Key words: data collection, data visualisation, education, sub-saharan africa, south asia, landscape analysis An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Keywords: _r:AddedByZotZen

Data centre - UNESCO-UIS (2021)

Data Availability and Use - Australian Government Productivity Commission (2017)

Data Availability and Transparency Bill 2022 - The Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia (2022)

Data Availability and Transparency Bill 2020 [and] Data Availability and Transparency (Consequential Amendments) Bill 2020 - Markham, David (2020)

Data analysis methods for qualitative research: managing the challenges of coding, interrater reliability, and thematic analysis. - Belotto, Michael J. (The Qualitative Report, 2018)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

Data Access Protocol - Department of Education Children Services (2013)

Data Access and Protection Laws in Pakistan: A technical review - Halim, Waqas; Upadhyay, Arjun; Coflan, Caitlin (EdTech Hub, 2022)
The advancement of technologies has supported an exponential rise in the collection and use of data. Data, when used appropriately, can support better decision-making and inform innovation. Data has value to entrepreneurs and innovators who seek to design products that respond to user needs. However, the widespread collection and use of data have also spawned concerns about individual rights and data privacy. Issues related to collection, usage, dissemination, and access to data have also come to the forefront. To address these concerns, many countries across the globe have introduced data protection laws. This policy brief identifies and analyses global best practices in data protection and data access. It is developed in response to an inquiry related to data and research in the education sector, specifically in Pakistan. The brief explores the potential practical challenges in the enforcement and implementation of global good practices in the context of the data protection environment in Pakistan; it proposes a set of key recommendations for the Government of Pakistan, provincial governments, development partners, and other education-related ministries and public departments. Keywords: Data protection (laws), good practices, data access, privacy rights, children's data, sensitive data, data-driven policy, data integration, third-party data sharing, open data, data security, data governance, encryption An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Keywords: _r:AddedByZotZen

Daring Progress: Telecommunications Public Policy 2014-2015 - Ministry Of Telecommunications (Lebanon) (2016)

Darakht-e Danesh Online Library - Darakht-e Danesh (2020)
The Darakht-e Danesh Online Library for Educators is a repository of open educational resources for teachers, teacher trainers, school administrators, literacy workers and others involved in furthering education in Afghanistan.

Dar es Salaam Primary Schools: Do parents act to improve child learning? - Twaweza (Twaweza Brief No. 5, 2012)

d-portal - d-portal.org (Development Portal (IATI), 2022)

Cyclone Idai: On the Ground Data from Mozambique - Becker, Nick (GeoPoll, 2019)
GeoPoll has conducted an SMS survey in Mozambique to reach those affected by Cyclone Idai. Data from Sofala province and Beira city following the cyclone.

Cyber wellness - Ministry of Education (Singapore) (2022)

Cyber Actors Target K-12 Distance Learning Education to Cause Disruptions and Steal Data (2020)
This Joint Cybersecurity Advisory was coauthored by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), and the Multi-State Information Sharing and Analysis Center (MS-ISAC).

Curriculum Reform & Building Back Better. - Chuang, Rachel; Mullan, Joel (2020)
This EdTech Hub Helpdesk Response presents an overview of curriculum reform implementation within the context of Covid-19 and strengthening education systems for when children return to school ('building back better'). The document emphasises interventions and evidence relevant to African countries.
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _MELA_seen; _cover:v2; _zenodo:submitted; _zenodoETH

Curriculum leadership: readings for developing quality educational programs - Parkay, Forrest; Anctil, Eric; Hass, Glen (Prentice Hall, 2014)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Curriculum Leadership - Glatthorn, A; Boschee, F; Whitehead, B; Boschee, B (2019)

Curriculum flexibility in a blended curriculum - Jonker, Herma; März, Virginie; Voogt, Joke (Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 2020)
This study offers insights into the processes that play a role in realising curriculum flexibility. Curriculum flexibility is conceptualised in terms of adaptability and accessibility of the curriculum to students’ needs and capabilities. To realise curriculum flexibility, the teacher education institution in this study designed a blended curriculum with face-to-face and online components. This flexible curriculum aimed at increasing student enrolment and allowing for variety in students’ graduation portfolios. Through semi-structured interviews with 10 teacher educators, conditions that could foster or hinder the realisation of flexibility were investigated. Results indicate that different contextual, teacher-, and student-related conditions were perceived to affect (further) curriculum flexibility. Furthermore, teacher educators identified several challenges related to these influential conditions, which were recognised as tensions. Based on a discussion of these findings, recommendations for research and practice are given.
Keywords: blended curriculum; case study research; collaborative design; curriculum flexibility; curriculum implementation; perceived curriculum; qualitative research

Curriculum Development: Teacher Involvement in Curriculum Development - Alsubaie, Merfat Ayesh (Journal of Education and Practice, 2016)
In order for curriculum development to be effective and schools to be successful, teachers must be involved in the development process. An effective curriculum should reflect the philosophy, goals, objectives, learning experiences, instructional resources, and assessments that comprise a specific educational program (“Guide to curriculum development,” 2006). It can be subject specific or a generalized overview of expectation. It must be a usable tool to assists teachers in the development of individualized strategies and the methods and materials necessary for them to be successful.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Curriculum Development and Technical Services Department - Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education (Zimbabwe) (2020)

Curriculum Assessment Policy Statements (CAPS) - Department of Basic Education (2021)

Curriculum and assessment policy statement English home language. Foundation phase Grades R-3 Grades R-3 - South Africa; Department of Basic Education (Department of Basic Education, 2011)

Curriculum and assessment policy statement English first additional language. Grade 1-3: Foundation phase Grade 1-3 : Foundation phase - Department of Basic Education; Department of Basic Education (2011)

Current initiatives, barriers, and opportunities for networked learning in Latin America | SpringerLink - Romero-Hall, Enilda (2021)

Current initiatives, barriers, and opportunities for networked learning in Latin America - Romero-Hall, Enilda (Educational Technology Research and Development, 2021)
This paper explores and describes the current initiatives, barriers, and opportunities for formal, non-formal, and informal networked learning experiences using social media in Latin America. It focuses on networked learning initiatives such as the use of institutional social media accounts, educational hashtags, social media in the classroom, educational channels via video hosting platforms, and government established networked learning programs for connected classrooms. The same multiplicity, diversity, and heterogenicity that represent the culture, languages, and socio-economic status of the people of Latin America also characterize the vast mixture of networked learning initiatives across the region. Potential barriers (i.e., the digital divide, Internet filtering policies, lack of research) and opportunities for implementation (i.e., networked learning educational reforms, mobile learning technology, and social media ethical considerations) are explored. The paper concludes with recommendations that policymakers and education leaders in Latin America should keep in mind to engage in fruitful networked learning initiatives.
Keywords: Connected learning; Information and communications technology; Latin America; Mobile learning; Networked learning; Social media

Cumulative Risk and Teacher Well-Being in the Democratic Republic of the Congo - Wolf, Sharon; Torrente, Catalina; McCoy, Marissa; Rasheed, Damira; Aber, J. Lawrence (Comparative Education Review, 2015)
Keywords: C:DRC

Culture, Gender and Technology Enhanced Learning: Female and Male Students' Perceptions across three Countries - Richter, Thomas; Zelenkauskaite, Asta (2014)
With the on-going “Learning Culture Survey”, we aim to foster the implementation of culture-sensitive education. The motivation of this study is based on the need of a better understanding of the reasons for intercultural conflicts in education. These issues are particularly pertinent to international learning scenarios, such as in urban education, or Internet-based e-Learning. The results of this research are geared towards a development of activities that prevent students from losing their initial learning motivation. With our standardized questionnaire, we collected and analysed data from Germany, Ghana, and South Korea. In such a comparative culture-related analysis, the population is usually considered as a whole, regardless of the respondents’ socio-cultural differences and assuming a single representative value per item. In this paper, we first analyse and discuss the results of our questionnaire' section “Gender Issues”. Afterwards, we analyse the overall questionnaire data to focus on the extent to which female and male students’ answers differed. Finally, we engage in a discussion to what degree these differences impact the design of e-Learning scenarios.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Culture and Classroom Reform: The case of the District Primary Education Project, India - Clarke, Prema (Comparative Education, 2003)
Reform in teaching and learning forms one of the basic dimensions of educational reform. This study explores the impact of the reform process on teacher thinking and classroom practice in the multi-donor supported District Primary Education Project in Karnataka, India. Using both qualitative and quantitative methodologies, a variety of aspects dealing with teaching and learning are examined in order to understand the extent to which changes are taking place in the classroom. The study analyses the impact of four cultural constructs, which frame teaching and learning in India: holism as a shared worldview that encourages openness to regulation; the hierarchical structure as a regulative social framework; knowledge as discovered and attested collectively; and the ‘sense of duty’ that deﬁnes the role of the teacher (and student). The conclusion of the study is that while there are observable changes in the classroom in the use of instructional aids and activities during instruction, the essential characteristics of traditional practice, namely rote and repetition has not changed. Both teachers’ openness and resistance to reform are portrayed as embedded in the cultural construction of teaching and learning.

Cultivating a personal learning network that leads to professional change - Stewart, Benjamin L. (Northcentral University, 2015)
Teacher professional development opportunities in Mexico are currently lacking. The traditional approaches of professional development such as workshops and conferences are commonplace but do little to bridge the gap between abstract concepts about teaching and learning and the practicalities teachers face in the classroom. The purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to describe how ideas, materials, and social interactions form a PLN through online, informal pedagogical dialogues among English language educators as it relates to professional learning. The five participants of this study were selected from a total of 10 based on their willingness to complete an informed consent form, complete an initial online survey, interact with other professionals publically online, and participate in a final interview. The online survey contained demographic information about each case and included both open and closed items; a content analysis was done on public interactions that tool place online; and a final in-depth interview used open questions to inquire about how respective PLNs changed over time. All data was coded, categorized, and placed into themes based on the ideational, material, and social aspects of each PLN. The findings show that professional knowledge, skills sets, and overall dispositions emerge in unique ways based on how ideas, technologies, and personal contacts interrelate with each other over time, and that an individual’s PLN provides unanticipated benefits when sharing publicly online.
Keywords: 0444:Foreign language education; 0449:Educational leadership; 0710:Educational technology; Actor-network theory; Complexity; Content analysis; Education; Educational leadership; Educational technology; English; Foreign Language; Learning; Personal learning network; Polls & surveys; Teacher education; __:import:01; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2096277; __finaldtb

Cultivating a Personal Learning Network that Leads to Professional Change - Stewart, Benjamin L (2015)
Teacher professional development opportunities in Mexico are currently lacking. The traditional approaches of professional development such as workshops and conferences are commonplace but do little to bridge the gap between abstract concepts about
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Cultivating a Personal Learning Network that Leads to Professional Change - Stewart, Benjamin L (2015)
Teacher professional development opportunities in Mexico are currently lacking. The traditional approaches of professional development such as workshops and conferences are commonplace but do little to bridge the gap between abstract concepts about
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Critical success factors for e-learning in developing countries: A comparative analysis between ICT experts and faculty - Bhuasiri, Wannasiri; Xaymoungkhoun, Oudone; Zo, Hangjung; Rho, Jae Jeung; Ciganek, Andrew P. (Computers & Education, 2012)
This study identifies the critical success factors that influence the acceptance of e-learning systems in developing countries. E-learning is a popular mode of delivering educational materials in higher education by universities throughout the world. This study identifies multiple factors that influence the success of e-learning systems from the literature and compares the relative importance among two stakeholder groups in developing countries, ICT experts and faculty. This study collected 76 usable responses using the Delphi method and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach. The results reveal 6 dimensions and 20 critical success factors for e-learning systems in developing countries. Findings illustrate the importance of curriculum design for learning performance. Technology awareness, motivation, and changing learners behavior are prerequisites for successful e-learning implementations. Several recommendations are provided to aid the implementation of e-learning systems for developing countries which have relevance for researchers and practitioners. Limitations as well as possible research directions are also discussed.
Keywords: AHP; Critical success factors; Delphi method; Developing countries; E-learning

Critical Perspectives on Technology and Education - Bulfin, Scott; Johnson, Nicola F.; Rowan, Leonie (Digital Education and Learning, 2015)
This book offers critical readings of issues in education and technology and demonstrates how researchers can use critical perspectives from sociology, digital media, cultural studies, and other fields to broaden the "ed-tech" research imagination, open up new topics, ask new questions, develop theory, and articulate an agenda for informed action.

Critical issues in advancing the special education technology evidence base - Edyburn, Dave L. (Exceptional Children, 2013)

Critical Digital Pedagogy: a Definition - Stommel, Jesse (Hybrid Pedagogy, 2014)
We are better users of technology when we are thinking critically about the nature and effects of that technology. What we must do is work to encourage students and ourselves to think critically about new tools (and, more importantly, the tools we already use).

Critical analysis of the problems of education in Pakistan: possible solutions - Ahmad, Iqbal; Ur Rehman, Kahil; Ali, Asghar; Khan, Itbar; Khan, Fazal Akber (International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE), 2014)
Education lays the foundation for political, social and economic development of any country. A viable education system enables the nation to achieve its national goals. Pakistan as a developing country has faced critical problems of education since its inception and therefore, the system of education has failed to deliver according to the aspirations of the nation. There are various factors responsible for this situation. This paper explores some of the critical problems that have so far plagued the education system of Pakistan. On the basis of critical review of available literature, the paper presents solutions to the existing problems of the education system of Pakistan.

Crisis-sensitive teacher policy and planning - UNESCO (UNESCO, Norad, GPE, UNHCR, UNICEF, the World Bank, International Labor Organisation, International Task Force on Teachers for Education, 2022)

Crisis response can and should include education - Curious Learning (Curious Learning, 2022)
On March 10th, Curious Learning started promoting one of our free literacy learning apps (Feed the Monster localized to Ukrainian). In only 3 weeks, there have been over 55,000 downloads at an average cost per download of $0.12.

Creditor Reporting System (CRS) - OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 2020)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

Creditor Reporting System (CRS) - OECD (2021)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

Creating usable innovations in systemic reform: Scaling up technology-embedded project-based science in urban schools - Blumenfeld, Phyllis; Fishman, Barry J.; Krajcik, Joseph; Marx, Ronald W.; Soloway, Elliot (Educational psychologist, 2000)

Creating new forms of teacher education: Open Educational Resources (OERs) and the Teacher Education in Sub-Saharan Africa (TESSA) programme - Moon, Bob (Teacher education through open and distance learning, 2010)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Creating effective teaching and learning environments: first results from TALIS - OECD (OECD, 2009)
Keywords: C:OECD countries

Creating Education Systems Coherent for Learning Outcomes: Making the Transition from Schooling to Learning - Pritchett, Lant (Research on Improving Systems of Education, 2015)
Existing systems of education have some elements promoting learning as an objective, but are mainly coherent as systems only around enrollment targets. This paper builds an accountability framework of actors and the four design elements of accountability (delegation, financing, information and motivation) to emphasize that effectiveness in promoting learning requires systems of education that are coherent, in two ways. First, each accountability relationship has to be coherent across its elements, that is, the delegation of what agents are asked to do has to be coherent with the financing, information, and motivation, rather than "pay for one thing and expect another." Second, the relationships have to be coherent across relationships of accountability. That is, if teachers are accountable both to their employer and indirectly to parents/students/communities, then if these two have very different objectives the accountability of teachers will be made incoherent. Such incoherence can explain why small changes in the "right" direction (towards that of high performing systems or demonstrated in other contexts) might consistently fail even where a directed and coherent reform could have major impact.
Keywords: Systems Framework; ⛔ No DOI found

Creating asynchronous virtual field experiences with 360 video - Zolfaghari, Maryam; Austin, Christine K; Kosko, Karl W; Ferdig, Richard E (Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 2020)
The global COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted normal face- to-face classes across institutions. This has significantly im- pacted methods courses where preservice teachers (PSTs) practice pedagogy in the field (e.g., in the PreK-12 class- room). In this paper, we describe efforts to adapt an assign- ment originally situated in a face-to-face school placement into a virtual version. By utilizing multi-perspective 360 vid- eo, preliminary results suggest virtual field experiences can provide PSTs with similar experiences for observation-based assignments. Acknowledging that immersive virtual experi- ences are not a complete replacement for face-to-face field- based experiences, we suggest virtual field assignments can be a useful supplement or a viable alternative during a time of the pandemic. Keywords:
Keywords: 360 video; ex-; teacher education; virtual-based assignments; ⛔ No DOI found

Creating an Analysis Plan - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2013)

Creating a Data Analysis Plan: What to Consider When Choosing Statistics for a Study - Simpson, Scot H (The Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, 2015)

Creating a contextually relevant acceptable or responsible use policy (EdTech Hub, 2023)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Keywords: _r:AddedByZotZen

Cracking the code: girls' and women's education in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) - UNESCO Digital Library - UNESCO (2017)

CPD Implementation Roadmap - Cambridge Education (Cambridge Education, 2021)

COVID Response Report - Family Educational Services Foundation (FESF, 2020)

COVID-19: the gendered impacts of the outbreak - Wenham, Clare; Smith, Julia; Morgan, Rosemary (The Lancet, 2020)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

COVID 19, Technology-based Education and Disability: The case of Bangladesh - UNESCO (2021)

COVID 19: Senegal intends to ensure #LearningNeverStops - UNESCO (2020)

COVID-19, schooling and learning - Asadullah, Niaz (BRAC, 2020)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate; ⛔ No DOI found

Covid-19 school closures in low- and middle-income countries: Emergent perspectives on the role of educational technology - Jordan, Katy (Journal of Learning for Development, 2020)
Keywords: COVID-19; ___working_potential_duplicate; digital divide; education in emergencies. education systems; educational technology; ⛔ No DOI found

Covid-19 school closures around the world will hit girls hardest - Giannini, Stefania; Albrectsen, Anne-Birgitte (UNESCO, 2020)
As COVID-19 forces school closures in 185 countries, Plan International and UNESCO warn of the potential for increased drop-out rates which will disproportionately affect adolescent girls, further entrench gender gaps in education and lead to increased risk of sexual exploitation, early pregnancy and early and forced marriage.

COVID-19’s impact on learning losses and learning inequality in Colombia - Vegas, Emiliana (Brookings, 2022)

COVID-19 Response Plan - Royal Government of Bhutan (2020)

Covid-19 Response: Diagnostic Assessment - Munyan-Penney, Nicholas; Barone, Charles (2020)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

COVID-19 response and recovery plan: education sector - Ministry of Primary and Mass Education (Ministry of Education, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, 2020)

COVID-19 Response and Recovery Plan - Government of Bangladesh (2020)

COVID-19 Response and Recovery Plan - Ministry of Primary and Mass Education (Government of People's Republic of Bangladesh, 2020)

COVID-19 reinforces the need for connectivity - Diop, Makhtar (2020)
Now is the time to work together to achieve the promise of new technologies for all and keep the world connected.

Covid-19 pandemic and online learning: the challenges and opportunities - Adedoyin, Olasile Babatunde; Soykan, Emrah (Interactive Learning Environments, 2020)
The World Health Organization has declared Covid-19 as a pandemic that has posed a contemporary threat to humanity. This pandemic has successfully forced global shutdown of several activities, including educational activities, and this has resulted in tremendous crisisresponse migration of universities with online learning serving as the educational platform. The crisis-response migration methods of universities, faculty and students, challenges and opportunities were discussed and it is evident that online learning is diﬀerent from emergency remote teaching, online learning will be more sustainable while instructional activities will become more hybrid provided the challenges experienced during this pandemic are well explored and transformed to opportunities.

Covid-19: over 45% secondary school students may drop out - Mamun, Shohel (Dhaka Tribune, 2020)

COVID-19: Most marginalised children will bear the brunt of unprecedented school closures around the world - Save the Children (Save the Children International, 2020)
Governments and communities must act now to ensure that millions of vulnerable children do not lose out on their education as schools close their gates to try and contain the Coronavirus outbreak, warns Save the Children. More than 120 countries have already introduced nation-wide school and...

COVID-19, middle level teacher candidates, and colloquialisms: Navigating emergency remote field experiences - Eisenbach, Brooke; Greathouse, Paula; Acquaviva, Caroline (Middle Grades Review, 2020)
COVID-19 challenged teacher educators and teacher candidates in ways we could have never imagined. Colloquialisms regarding the move from educator preparation to practice shifted from common truths to dynamic considerations in light of the pandemic and transition to emergency remote teaching and learning. In this essay, we share our experiences working with middle level teacher candidates during the COVID-19 pandemic. We identify the ways in which our teacher candidates rose to the challenge and demonstrated critical thinking, creativity and compassion beyond our prior expectations of rising middle level educators amidst a time of unprecedented change and uncertainty.
Keywords: Altruism; Communicable Diseases; Computer Mediated Communication; Cooperation; Creativity; Critical Thinking; Disease Control; Educational Technology; Interpersonal Relationship; Middle School Teachers; Preservice Teacher Education; Preservice Teachers; Seminars; Teacher Educators; Technology Uses in Education; ⛔ No DOI found

COVID-19: Más del 95 por ciento de niños y niñas está fuera de las escuelas de América Latina y el Caribe - UNICEF (2020)

COVID-19 learning losses: Early grade reading in South Africa - Ardington, Cally; Wills, Gabrielle; Kotze, Janeli (International Journal of Educational Development, 2021)
• In South Africa in 2020 around 60 % of early grade school days were lost due to COVID. • Grade 2 students have reading losses of between 57 % and 70 % of a year of learning. • Grade 4 students have reading losses of between 62 % and 81 % of a year of learning. • These losses imply learning to schooling loss ratios in the region of 1–1.4. • Students with stronger initial reading proficiency are more negatively impacted. Using three different studies on early grade reading from no-fee schools across in South Africa, this paper establishes short-term learning losses in reading for grade 2 and 4 students from under-resourced school contexts. We find that in 2020 grade 2 students lost between 57 % and 70 % of a year of learning relative to their pre-pandemic peers. Among a grade 4 sample, learning losses are estimated at between 62 % and 81 % of a year of learning. Considering that in 2020 students in the samples lost between 56 %–60 % of contact teaching days due to school closures and rotational timetabling schedules compared to a pre-pandemic year, this implies learning to schooling loss ratios in the region of 1–1.4. There is some evidence from the grade 4 sample that the reading trajectories of children benefiting more from attending school pre-pandemic – namely girls and children with stronger initial reading proficiency - are more negatively impacted. Mitigating the long-run implications of these learning losses will require a significant pivoting of the education system to ensure that instructional practices are appropriately levelled to optimise learning.
Keywords: BEGINNING reading; COVID-19; COVID-19 pandemic; Early grade reading; Learning losses; READING (Preschool); READING ability testing; SCHOOL closings; School closure

Covid-19 Is History’s Biggest Translation Challenge - McCulloch, Gretchen (Wired, 2020)
Services like Google Translate support only 100 languages, give or take. What about the thousands of other languages—spoken by people just as vulnerable to this crisis?
Keywords: coronavirus; covid-19; language; translation; web

COVID-19 is a serious threat to aid to education recovery | Global Education Monitoring Report - UNESCO (Global Education Monitoring Report, 2020)

COVID-19 in Pakistan: A Phone Survey to Assess Education, Economic, and Health-Related Outcomes - Akmal, Maryam; Crawfurd, Lee; Hares, Susannah; Minardi, Ana Luiza (2020)
Using a sample of 1,211 households in Pakistan, we examine the effects of COVID-19 on three key domains: education, economic, and health-related. F...
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

COVID-19: impacto psicosocial en la escuela en Chile. Desigualdades y desafíos para Latinoamérica - Salas, Gonzalo; Santander, Priscilla; Precht Gandarillas, Andrea; Scholten, Hernán; Moretti, Renato; López-López, Wilson (Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana, 38(2), 1-17, 2020)
La pandemia de Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) ha superado los cinco millones de casos en todo el mundo y sus consecuencias han sido devastadoras para la salud y la sociedad en general. Como parte de los protocolos sanitarios que buscan mitigar los efectos de la pandemia, se implementó el cierre de escuelas en la mayoría de los países; Chile no fue la excepción. En el marco de este artículo, se busca dar cuenta del impacto psicosocial de esta medida en las escuelas chilenas y ampliar la reflexión a Latinoamérica. En este sentido, se analizan fundamentalmente las decisiones gubernamentales a partir de la creación del programa Aprendo en Línea y se propone una contextualización y un contraste con las iniciativas adoptadas en otros países, para luego explorar las condiciones del ejercicio de la actividad docente y sus consecuencias en el contexto familiar, para terminar con el impacto en la relación entre las familias y las escuelas. Esto permite visualizar, una vez más, no solo la desigualdad estructural del sistema educativo chileno, sino también su mantenimiento y eventual profundización. Las discusiones y medidas por implementar a partir de la coyuntura actual plantean retos que, más allá del contexto particular de Chile, pueden hacerse extensivos a otros países de Latinoamérica.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

COVID-19: impacto psicosocial en la escuela en Chile. Desigualdades y desafíos para Latinoamérica - Salas, Gonzalo; Santander, Priscilla; Precht Gandarillas, Andrea; Scholten, Hernán; Moretti, Renato; López-López, Wilson (Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana, 38(2), 1-17, 2020)
La pandemia de Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) ha superado los cinco millones de casos en todo el mundo y sus consecuencias han sido devastadoras para la salud y la sociedad en general. Como parte de los protocolos sanitarios que buscan mitigar los efectos de la pandemia, se implementó el cierre de escuelas en la mayoría de los países; Chile no fue la excepción. En el marco de este artículo, se busca dar cuenta del impacto psicosocial de esta medida en las escuelas chilenas y ampliar la reflexión a Latinoamérica. En este sentido, se analizan fundamentalmente las decisiones gubernamentales a partir de la creación del programa Aprendo en Línea y se propone una contextualización y un contraste con las iniciativas adoptadas en otros países, para luego explorar las condiciones del ejercicio de la actividad docente y sus consecuencias en el contexto familiar, para terminar con el impacto en la relación entre las familias y las escuelas. Esto permite visualizar, una vez más, no solo la desigualdad estructural del sistema educativo chileno, sino también su mantenimiento y eventual profundización. Las discusiones y medidas por implementar a partir de la coyuntura actual plantean retos que, más allá del contexto particular de Chile, pueden hacerse extensivos a otros países de Latinoamérica.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

COVID-19: impacto psicosocial en la escuela en Chile. Desigualdades y desafíos para Latinoamérica - Salas, Gonzalo; Santander, Priscilla; Precht, Andrea; Scholten, Hernán; Moretti, Renato; López-López, Wilson (Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana, 2020)
The Coronavirus-19 (covid-19) pandemic has exceeded five million cases worldwide, and its consequences have been devastating for health and society in general. As part of the health protocols that seek to mitigate the pandemic’s effects, school closures were implemented in most countries, where Chile was no exception. In the framework of this article, we seek to give an account of the psychosocial impact of this initiative on Chilean schools and to broaden the reflection to the rest of Latin America. In this sense, we analyze government decisions since the creation of the Aprendo en Línea [I Learn Online] program and propose a contextualization and a contrast with the measures adopted in other countries. We then explore the conditions of the exercise of the teaching activity, its consequences in the family context, and the impact on the relationship between families and schools. This allows us to visualize, once again, not only the structural inequality of the Chilean education system but also its maintenance and eventual deepening. The discussions and measures to be implemented in the current situation pose challenges that, beyond the context of Chile, can be extended to other Latin American countries.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

COVID-19: impacto psicosocial en la escuela en Chile. Desigualdades y desafíos para Latinoamérica - Salas, Gonzalo; Santander, Priscilla; Precht, Andrea; Scholten, Hernán; Moretti, Renato; López-López, Wilson (Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana, 2020)
The Coronavirus-19 (covid-19) pandemic has exceeded five million cases worldwide, and its consequences have been devastating for health and society in general. As part of the health protocols that seek to mitigate the pandemic’s effects, school closures were implemented in most countries, where Chile was no exception. In the framework of this article, we seek to give an account of the psychosocial impact of this initiative on Chilean schools and to broaden the reflection to the rest of Latin America. In this sense, we analyze government decisions since the creation of the Aprendo en Línea [I Learn Online] program and propose a contextualization and a contrast with the measures adopted in other countries. We then explore the conditions of the exercise of the teaching activity, its consequences in the family context, and the impact on the relationship between families and schools. This allows us to visualize, once again, not only the structural inequality of the Chilean education system but also its maintenance and eventual deepening. The discussions and measures to be implemented in the current situation pose challenges that, beyond the context of Chile, can be extended to other Latin American countries.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

COVID-19 Impact on Education - UNESCO (UNESCO, 2020)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

COVID 19: how Senegal intends to ensure #LearningNeverStops - Diawara, Rokhaya Fall; Sall, Tidiane (World Education Blog, 2020)
English / Français By Rokhaya Fall Diawara and Tidiane Sall, UNESCO The spread of COVID-19 is a growing worry for Africa. Among the 47 African countries that have closed their schools and universit…

COVID-19 Global Humanitarian Response Plan (Humanitarian response plan) | Financial Tracking Service - United Nations (2020)
United Nations Coordinated Appeal
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

COVID-19: Effects of School Closures on Foundational Skills and Promising Practices for Monitoring and Mitigating Learning Loss - Alban Conto, Carolina; Akseer, Spogmai; Dreesen, Thomas; Kamei, Akito; Mizunoya, Suguru; Rigole, Annika (Innocenti Working Paper, 2020)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate; ⛔ No DOI found

COVID-19 Educational Disruption and Response - UNESCO (UNESCO, 2020)
A record number of children and youth are not attending school because of closures mandated by governments in an attempt to slow the spread of COVID-19.

COVID-19 education response: Preparing the reopening of schools: resource paper - UNESCO (2020)

COVID-19 Education Response Education Sector Issue Notes: Conflict-affected, displaced and vulnerable populations - UNESCO (2020)

COVID-19 education equity guide: Digital access - Education Trust (2020)

COVID-19 Education Emergency Response Plan - Ministry of Basic and Senior Secondary Education (Sierra Leone) (2020)

Covid-19, EdTech, and Survey Alignment in Education - Fitzpatrick, Rachael; McIntyre, Nora; Wilson, Samuel; Rose, Pauline (EdTech Hub, 2020)
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _MELA_seen; _zenodo:submitted; _zenodoETH; _zenodoETH:submitted

Covid-19 disrupts education in rural Bangladesh - Uttom, Stephan; Rozario, Rock (UCA News, 2020)
Pupils and teachers lament lack of access to online classes due to poverty

Covid-19 Crisis: UNESCO Call to Support Learning and Knowledge Sharing through Open Educational Resources - UNESCO (UNESCO, 2020)
In response to the massive disruption of education due to the Covid-19 pandemic affecting 1.57 billion learners in 191 countries, UNESCO has issued a Call to support learning and knowledge sharing through Open Educational Resources (OER) worldwide. OER are learning, teaching and research materials in any format and medium that reside in the public domain or are under copyright released under an open license[1], permitting no-cost access, re-use, re-purpose, adaptation and redistribution by others.

COVID-19 Crisis, Impacts on Catholic Schools, and Potential Responses| Part II: Developing Countries with Focus on Sub-Saharan Africa - Wodon, Quentin (Journal of Catholic Education, 2020)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

COVID-19 could reverse two decades of progress: Emerging policy recommendations to support young people in developing countries - Young Lives (Young Lives, 2021)

COVID-19 Could Lead to Permanent Loss in Learning and Trillions of Dollars in Lost Earnings - World Bank (World Bank, 2020)
COVID-19 Could Lead to Permanent Loss in Learning and Trillions of Dollars in Lost Earnings

COVID-19 Coordinated Education Response Plan for Ghana - Ghana Education Services (2020)

COVID-19 Coordinated Education Response Plan for Ghana - Ministry of Education, Ghana (2020)

COVID-19 boosts digitization of higher education in Bangladesh - Rahman, M; ul-Aziz, M; Ahmed, S (2020)

COVID-19 - Are children able to continue learning during school closures? A global analysis of the potential reach of remote learning policies using data from 100 countries - UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund, 2020)

COVID-19: Are children able to continue learning during school closures? - UNICEF (2020)

COVID-19: Are children able to continue learning during school closures? - UNICEF (UNICEF, 2020)
In response to the unprecedented educational challenges created by school closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic, more than 90 per cent of countries have implemented some form of remote learning policy. This factsheet estimates the potential reach of digital and broadcast remote learning responses, finding that at least 463 million students around the globe remain cut off from education, mainly due to a lack of remote learning policies or lack of equipment needed for learning at home. This data primarily stems from the UNESCO-UNICEF-World Bank Survey on National Education Responses to COVID-19 School Closures (June-July 2020), as well as household microdata from sources like Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). The actual number of students who cannot be reached is likely significantly higher than estimated in this factsheet, which reflects best-case scenarios based on policies that were implemented and the technologies available in households. In many situations, despite remote learning policies and the presence of the necessary technology at home, children may be unable to learn due to skills gaps among their teachers or a lack of parental support. It is important to understand the characteristics and number of children who were not able to benefit from these remote learning policies so that the policies can be improved. By providing insights on which school children did not have access to digital or broadcast remote learning opportunities during school closures, this factsheet seeks to help policymakers make choices that will ensure more children can acquire an education during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

COVID-19: Are children able to continue learning during school closures? - UNICEF (UNICEF DATA, 2020)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

COVID-19: Are children able to continue learning during school closures? - UNICEF (UNICEF DATA, 2020)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

COVID-19 and the surge of absenteeism in SA schools - ISSAfrica (ISS Africa, 2021)
The impact of higher-than-expected absence rates is significant and will be compounded by a third wave.

COVID-19 and the education response in Indonesia: exploring the learning crisis - Suriastini, Wayan; Setyo, Pujiastuti; Herawati, Fita; Naryanta; Moddilani, Ganiko; Pellini, Arnaldo (EdTech Hub, 2020)
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _MELA_seen; _cover:v2; _zenodo:submitted; _zenodoETH

COVID-19 and Social Mobility Impact Brief #1: School Shutdown - Cullinane, Carl; Montacute, Rebecca (The Sutton Trust, 2020)

COVID-19 and school closures: What can countries learn from past emergencies? - Winthrop, Rebecca (Brookings, 2020)
The education in emergencies community can offer good practices for countries battling COVID-19 where education has been disrupted for a protracted period.

COVID-19 and School Closures: Are children able to continue learning during school closures? A global analysis of the potential reach of remote learning policies - UNICEF (UNICEF DATA, 2020)

COVID-19 and School Closures: Are children able to continue learning during school closures? - UNICEF (UNICEF DATA, 2020)
In response to the unprecedented educational challenges created by school closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic, more than 90 per cent of countries have implemented some form of remote learning policy. This factsheet estimates the potential reach of digital and broadcast remote learning responses, finding that at least 463 million students around the globe remain cut off from education, mainly due to a lack of remote learning policies or lack of equipment needed for learning at home. This data primarily stems from the UNESCO-UNICEF-World Bank Survey on National Education Responses to COVID-19 School Closures (June-July 2020), as well as household microdata from sources like Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). The actual number of students who cannot be reached is likely significantly higher than estimated in this factsheet, which reflects best-case scenarios based on policies that were implemented and the technologies available in households. In many situations, despite remote learning policies and the presence of the necessary technology at home, children may be unable to learn due to skills gaps among their teachers or a lack of parental support. It is important to understand the characteristics and number of children who were not able to benefit from these remote learning policies so that the policies can be improved. By providing insights on which school children did not have access to digital or broadcast remote learning opportunities during school closures, this factsheet seeks to help policymakers make choices that will ensure more children can acquire an education during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.

COVID-19 and School Closures: Are children able to continue learning - UNICEF (2020)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

COVID-19 and School Closures: Are children able to continue learning - UNICEF (UNICEF DATA, 2020)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

COVID-19 and remote learning : Experiences of parents with children during the pandemic - Garbe, Amber; Ogurlu, Uzeyir; Logan, Nikki; Cook, Perry (American Journal of Qualitative Research, 2020)
In the spring of 2020, schools across the globe closed their doors to decrease the spread of the viral outbreak during the COVID -19 pandemic. This physical closure led to a rapid shift to remote learning which placed more responsibility for learning on parents and guardians. As one of the major stakeholders in the education process, experiences of parents with their children during remote learning are worth examining to inform future policy decision making. This study aimed to investigate parents’ experiences and struggles during school closure using an online survey. Thematic coding was conducted to analyze parental responses regarding their greatest educational struggle experienced during the COVID school closure. The results indicate parents agreed with the school closure policy and were generally satisfied with the level of support provided by school districts whilst describing some areas of struggle. Parents described having difficulties with balancing responsibilities, learner motivation, accessibility, and learning outcomes. The results of the study suggest some important implications and recommendations for educators and policymakers.
Keywords: covid-19; pandemic; parents; remote learning; ⛔ No DOI found

COVID-19 and Options for Financing Education - Read, Lindsay (Save Our Future, 2020)

COVID-19 and options for financing education - Read, Lindsay (Background paper prepared for the Save Our Future white paper Averting an Education Catastrophe for the World’s Children, 2020)

COVID-19 and Its Implications for Protecting Children Online - UNICEF; UNESCO; WHO; UNODC; ITU; End Violence Against Children; We Protect Global Alliance (2020)

COVID-19 and Human Development: Assessing the Crisis, Envisioning the Recovery - United Nations Development Programme (UN, 2020)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

COVID-19 and Human Development: Assessing the Crisis, Envisioning the Recovery - United Nations Development Programme (UN, 2020)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

COVID-19 and Human Development: Assessing the Crisis, Envisioning the Recovery - United Nations Development Programme (UNDP, 2020)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

COVID-19 and Human Development: Assessing the Crisis, Envisioning the Recovery - United Nations Development Programme (UNDP, 2020)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

COVID-19 and girls' education: What we know so far and what we expect - Mendez Acosta, Amina; Evans, David (Center For Global Development, 2020)
The potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on girls’ education are numerous and diverse. It’s too early for us to predict with confidence the impact of the pandemic on dropouts and longer-term outcomes. But research from previous pandemics and initial findings in this one can give us clues.
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

COVID-19 and Girls' Education: What We Know So Far and What We Expect - Mendez Acosta, Amina; Evans, David (Center for Global Development | Ideas to Action, 2020)
The potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on girls’ education are numerous and diverse. It’s too early for us to predict with confidence the impact of the pandemic on dropouts and longer-term outcomes. But research from previous pandemics and initial findings in this one can give us clues.

COVID-19 and education: The digital gender divide among adolescents in sub Saharan Africa - Amaro, D.; Pandolfelli, L.; Sanchez-Tapia, I.; Brossard, M. (UNICEF, 2020)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

Covid-19 and EdTech in Africa: A Country-Level Review Based on eLearning Africa Data - Damani, Kalifa (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _MELA_seen; _cover:v3; _r:AddedByZotZen; _zenodo:submitted; _zenodoETH

COVID-19 and e-learning: the challenges of students in tertiary institutions in Ghana - Aboagye, Emmanuel; Yawson, Joseph Anthony; Appiah, Kofi Nyantakyi (Social Education Research, 2020)
Problems associated with the transition from conventional learning (face to face) to online learning (e-learning) in the educational system are well documented. The present study explores the challenges students in tertiary institutions have reported facing in online learning in the era of coronavirus pandemic. Using a sample (n = 141), an initial principal component factor analysis was conducted to group the constructs. Eight groups that emerged were social issues, lecturer issues, accessibility issues, learner motivation, academic issues, generic issues, learner intentions, and demographics. Cronbach’s alpha was used to determine the reliability of the scales resulting in the deletion of learner motivation. Comparing the means of the factors revealed that the most important challenge for students to study online was accessibility issues. This was followed by social issues, lecturer issues, academic issues, and generic issues. The mean for the individual items in learners’ intention to study online showed that students were not ready to study online. A Multiple Regression Analysis was further conducted to determine which factors pose the most important challenges to the student’s decision to study online. Social issues and lecturer issues were significant. In the final model, only lecturer issues were significant. A blended approach-where conventional teaching is combined with online teaching should have ushered the learners to complete online learning.

COVID-19 and Bangladesh: challenges and how to address them - Anwar, Saeed; Nasrullah, Mohammad; Hosen, Mohammad Jakir (Frontiers in Public Health, 2020)
As the coronavirus outbreak quickly surges worldwide, many countries are adopting non-therapeutic preventive measures, which include travel bans, remote office activities, country lockdown, and most importantly, social distancing. However, these measures face challenges in Bangladesh, a lower-middle-income economy with one of the world's densest populations. Social distancing is difficult in many areas of the country, and with the minimal resources the country has, it would be extremely challenging to implement the mitigation measures. Mobile sanitization facilities and temporary quarantine sites and healthcare facilities could help mitigate the impact of the pandemic at a local level. A prompt, supportive, and empathic collaboration between the Government, citizens, and health experts, along with international assistance, can enable the country to minimize the impact of the pandemic.

COVID-19: A spotlight on child data governance gaps - Raftree, Linda; Byrne, Jasmina (UNICEF, 2020)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

COVID-19: A spotlight on child data governance gaps - Raftree, Linda; Day, Emma (2020)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

COVID-19 – a boundary crossing event for teacher educators.pdf - Donitsa-Schmidt, Smadar; Ramot, Rony (Journal of Education for Teaching, 2022)

Coverage analysis of Scopus: A journal metric approach - de Moya-Anegón, Félix; Chinchilla-Rodríguez, Zaida; Vargas-Quesada, Benjamín; Corera-Álvarez, Elena; Muñoz-Fernández, Francisco José; González-Molina, Antonio; Herrero-Solana, Victor (Scientometrics, 2007)
Our aim is to compare the coverage of the Scopus database with that of Ulrich, to determine just how homogenous it is in the academic world. The variables taken into account were subject distribution, geographical distribution, distribution by publishers and the language of publication. The analysis of the coverage of a product of this nature should be done in relation to an accepted model, the optimal choice being Ulrich’s Directory, considered the international point of reference for the most comprehensive information on journals published throughout the world. The results described here allow us to draw a profile of Scopus in terms of its coverage by areas — geographic and thematic — and the significance of peer-review in its publications. Both these aspects are highly pragmatic considerations for information retrieval, the evaluation of research, and the design of policies for the use of scientific databases in scientific promotion.
Keywords: Coverage Analysis; Journal Citation Report; Percentage Distribution; Subject Coverage; Subject Ranking

Cover Note for COVID-19 Accelerated Funding Request - Global Partnership for Education (2020)

Cover note for COVID-19 accelerated funding request - Global Partnership for Education (Global Partnership for Education, 2020)

Country Profile: Lebanon - Huawei (Global Connectivity Index, 2019)
Select and compare the status of your nation's digital transformation against up to 3 nations around the world

Country Partnership Strategy (FY2013–2017) for the Republic of Senegal - World Bank (2013)

Country Overview: Bangladesh - Rogers, Mike (GSMA, 2018)

Country list with HDI, iHDI, MPI and Gini (version 1) - Haßler, Björn; Adam, Taskeen; Brugha, Meaghan; Damani, Kalifa; Allier-Gagneur, Zoe; Hennessy, Sara; Hollow, David; Jordan, Katy; Martin, Kevin; Murphy, Mary; Walker, Hannah (EdTech Hub, 2019)
This is pdf of a country list with HDI, iHDI, MPI and Gini. This file is now superseeded by DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3908363, see https://docs.edtechhub.org/lib/55A44ZRB (which will also be available as a data file).
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _MELA_seen; _cover:analysis:nopdf; _yl:q; _zenodoODE; dode_eth-src-eth; dode_eth-trf2-dode

Country-level research review: Sierra Leone - Kallon Kelly, Christiana; Koomar, Saalim; Kreimeia, Adam; McBurnie, Chris; Mitchell, Joel; Myers, Christina (2020)
Keywords: dode_eth-src-eth

Country-Level Research Review: EdTech in Pakistan - Zubairi, Asma; Halim, Waqas; Kaye, Tom; Wilson, Sam (EdTech Hub, 2021)
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _MELA_seen; _cover:v3; _zenodo:submitted; _zenodoETH; dode_eth-src-eth; dode_eth-trf2-dode

Country-Level Research Review: EdTech in Kenya - Myers, Christina; Kaye, Tom; Bapna, Akanksha; Williams, Ayesha; Mitchell, Joel (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _r:AddedByZotZen; _zenodo:submitted

Country-Level Research Review: EdTech in Ghana - Tsapali, Maria; Major, Louis; Damani, Kalifa; Mitchell, Joel; Taddese, Abeba (EdTech Hub, 2021)
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _MELA_seen; _cover:v3; _zenodo:submitted; _zenodoETH; ⛔ No DOI found

Country-Level Research Review: EdTech in Bangladesh - Zubairi, Asma; Kreimeia, Adam; Kaye, Tom; Ashlee, Amy (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _MELA_seen; ___working_potential_duplicate; _r:AddedByZotZen; _zenodo:submitted

Country Economic Overview - Malawi Consulate (2017)
Country Economic Overview The Malawi economy is agro based with agriculture contributing 37% of the national GDP and employing 80% of the total workforce....

Country Diagnostic of Senegal - World Bank (2019)

Country Dashboard – Covid-19 Response - UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2022)

Country Briefing: Nepal - Girls' Education Challenge (2021)

Countries using data to inform education policies - Kelly, Peggy (Education for All, 2021)
How can data be transformed into policy so that children everywhere, even the most disadvantaged, can realize their right to learn? Read how a project has helped countries like Lao PDR, Georgia and Mongolia to just do that.

Countries by Density - World Population Review (World Population Review, 2021)

Council approves Data Governance Act - Council of the EU (2022)
The Council today approved a new law to promote the availability of data and build a trustworthy environment to facilitate their use.

Could coronavirus lockdowns help close Latin America's digital divide? - Moloney, Anastasia (Reuters, 2020)
As Colombia enters its eighth week of coronavirus lockdown, street vendor Luis Duarte worries that his teenage daughter might not finish her school year now that her classes have moved online.
Keywords: Americas; CORONAVIRUS; Central America; Children; Civil Liberties; Civil Rights; Coronavirus; Education; Enterprise Reporting; Features; Fundamental Rights; General News; Government; HEALTH; Health; Human Rights; Internet; LATAM; Medicine; Peru; Politics; Social Issues; Society; South America; TECH; TRFN; Technology (TRBC level 1); US; United Nations; World Wide Web; Youth Issues

#CostingEquity: The case for disability-responsive education financing - Myers, Juliette; Pinnock, Helen; Baboo, Nafisa; Lewis, Ingrid (International Disability and Development Consortium, 2018)
The #CostingEquity research project investigated the benefits of financing disability-inclusive education, the current state of education financing with regard to inclusion, and what needs to change in order for education financing to effectively support the realisation of SDG 4. The #CostingEquity research report addresses three broad questions: • How do international donors and domestic governments currently fund disability-inclusive education? • What are the gaps and challenges in financing disability-inclusive education? • What needs to change to increase quality, equitable financing for learners with disabilities? The report aims to contribute to a better understanding of the issues related to equitable financing for education for learners with disabilities. It considers additional marginalising factors such as gender, socio-economic status, social circumstances and urban/rural location. It offers key arguments for civil society activists, donors and government advisors to make the case for building and strengthening inclusive education systems. Detailed case studies provide useful examples of financing gaps, challenges and promising practice from developing country contexts, major education donors, and new and emerging philanthropic donor foundations. The focus of case studies and examples is on low and lower-middle income countries and were chosen to reflect a broad range of regions and countries.The report concludes with a series of recommendations for domestic and external financing approaches.

Cost Measurement Guidance Note for Donor-Funded Education Programming - Walls, Elena; Tulloch, Caitlin; Holla, Alaka (United States Agency for International Development, prepared for Building Evidence in Education (BE2), 2020)

Cost-effectiveness with equity: Raising learning for marginalised girls through Camfed's programme in Tanzania - Sabates, Ricardo; Rose, Pauline; Delprato, Marcos; Alcott, Benjamin (Policy Paper No. 18/2 (REAL Centre, University of Cambridge, 2018), 2018)
This policy paper provides a cost-effectiveness analysis of Camfed’s programme in Tanzania. Camfed’s programme adopts a multidimensional approach that is aimed at reaching marginalised girls at risk of dropping out from secondary schools by using interventions that are aimed at both increasing their chances of staying in school and learning.
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate; _not_EdTechHub

Cost Effectiveness of Interactive Radio Instruction Program Karnataka: Basic and Program Cost Effectiveness - Bakshi, Shubhashansha (Working Papers, 2011)
The Program CEA extends to the study to an impact analysis of the Radio programs to assess whether the expenditure being made for this intervention is helping the students in improving their learning outcomes. This would then serve as a true measure of effectiveness that is; linking the outreach with the outcomes. This requires tracking a cohort of treatment and control groups over a period of three years. Also the study has documented the qualitative behaviour as observed in these groups. URL:[http://cbps.in/Publications.aspx].
Keywords: Attendance; CEA; Central Tendency; Cost Effectiveness; Enrolment; Interactive Radio Instruction Program; Karnataka; Qualitative analysis; Research; Teachers; cohort of treatment; data; outcomes; qualitative behaviour; school; villages

Cost-Effectiveness Measurement in Development: Accounting for Local Costs and Noisy Impacts - Evans, David K.; Popova, Anna (Policy Research Working Papers, 2014)

Cost-Effectiveness and EdTech: Considerations and case studies - Chuang, Rachel; Burnett, Nicholas; Robinson, Elizabeth (EdTech Hub, 2021)
The answer to the question ‘What is cost-effective EdTech?’ is highly nuanced, as it depends on the choice of the initiative, its design, implementation, intended audience, and how the local context is addressed. We compiled select case studies that examine how EdTech was used in cost-effective and less cost-effective ways. An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Keywords: F: Helpdesk response; _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _MELA_seen; _r:AddedByZotZen; _zenodo:submitted

Cost-Effectiveness and Affordability of Interventions, Policies, and Platforms for the Prevention and Treatment of Mental, Neurological, and Substance Use Disorders - Levin, Carol; Chisholm, Dan (Mental, Neurological, and Substance Use Disorders: Disease Control Priorities, 2016)
Since the turn of the millennium, considerable progress has been made in developing an evidence base on which interventions are effective and feasible for improving mental health in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Such evidence provides a critical input to the formulation of plans and priorities to address the large and growing burden of mental, neurological, and substance use (MNS) disorders. However, for successful and sustainable scale-up of effective interventions and innovative service delivery strategies, decision makers require not only evidence of an intervention’s impact on health and other outcomes, such as equity or poverty, but also evidence of its cost and cost-effectiveness. Cost data provide information relevant to the financial planning and implementation of prioritized, evidence-based strategies; cost-effectiveness analysis indicates the relative efficiency or value for money associated with interventions or innovations. The application of economic evaluation to MNS disorders has largely focused on the assessment of a specific intervention’s costs and health outcomes, relative to some comparator, which may be treatment as usual, another innovation, or no intervention. Such assessments have often been conducted alongside clinical trials, enabling health economic researchers to add resource use questions to study protocols, generate estimates of each trial participant’s health care costs, and relate these costs to primary outcome measures in the form of cost-effectiveness ratios. We review this type of economic evidence over the course of this chapter, with a particular focus on studies that have been successfully carried out in LMICs. However, the number of completed studies remains small and insufficient to inform resource allocation decisions in all the national settings where cost-effectiveness information would be valuable, including the many countries where informal or traditional health care represents the predominant model of service availability. This paucity of economic evidence reflects the overall lack of resources and infrastructure for mental health services in LMICs, including research capacity. Partly to address the paucity of cost-effectiveness trials, as well as their intrinsic specificity to the setting in which they are conducted, a broader, modeling-based approach has also been used to build up economic evidence for international mental health policy and planning. This approach includes the earlier editions of the Disease Control Priorities (DCP) project and the World Health Organization’s (WHO) CHOosing Interventions that are Cost-Effective (CHOICE) project. Such model-based studies rely on existing data, as well as several analytical assumptions; these studies have adopted an epidemiological, population-based approach that identifies the expected costs and health impacts of delivering evidence-based interventions at scale in the population as a whole, whether a specific country or an entire region. We also review this form of economic evidence and comment on important gaps in the current evidence base, as well as the relative strengths and limitations of this approach. One important limitation of conventional cost-effectiveness analysis—whether garnered through trial-based or model-based approaches—is that it is restricted to consideration of the specific implementation costs and health-related outcomes of an intervention; it does not typically extend to the nonhealth or wider economic or social value of investing in mental health innovation and service scale-up. In particular, cost-effectiveness analysis in its conventional form has little to say about the equitable distribution of costs and health gains across different groups of the target population. Incorporation of such concerns into economic evaluation represents a major objective of extended cost-effectiveness analysis, which is explored and addressed specifically in chapter 13 in this volume (Chisholm, Johansson, and others 2015). In this chapter, we review the available cost-effectiveness evidence for the different levels and underpinning strategies of the mental health care system, with a focus on information generated in or for LMICs. Based on the overall analytical framework and priority intervention matrices developed for this volume, the remainder of the chapter is presented as follows. First, we consider the economic evidence for mental health prevention and protection at the population and community levels of the health and welfare system, including legislative, regulatory, and informational measures at the public policy level (population platform), as well as school-, workplace-, and community-based programs (community platform). We then examine the economic evidence relating to the identification and treatment of MNS disorders (health care platform), focusing on the relative cost-effectiveness or efficiency of treatment programs implemented in nonspecialized versus more specialized health care settings. Finally, we assess the financial costs and budgetary implications of implementing or scaling up a set of prioritized, cost-effective interventions. Our review is based on available, published literature. A systematic search of the literature for LMICs was undertaken in PubMed to find articles published since 2000 in English. The search combined terms for specific mental health interventions with economic terms such as “cost,” “cost-effectiveness,” or “quality-adjusted life year (QALY),” as well as the names of all LMICs and their respective regions (see annex 12A for a list of search terms used to identify relevant literature). Where little or no literature was found for LMICs on interventions of potential importance, this systematic search was augmented by selective searches of the literature available since 1995 for high-income countries (HICs); however, these results are not included in the figures or tables. Annex 12B provides the search statistics. Articles included in the review were graded using the checklist of Drummond and others (2005) to generate a quality score for each article, with most studies graded between 7 and 10. Annex 12C provides a list of studies that were used to generate the tables and figures presented in this chapter. It presents detailed information on the intervention characteristics and comparators, target population group, geographic location, methodology, results, and quality scores. All cost-effectiveness results are presented in 2012 US$ except where noted otherwise. Consistent with earlier iterations of DCP, reported regional estimates refer to the World Bank’s categorization of countries by income.

Cost-Effective Technology Approaches to Improve Education Outcomes for Girls: Learning from 41 Girls’ Education Challenge projects - EdTech Hub (EdTech Hub, 2022)

Cost-effective EdTech Paper 3: Internal Guidance Note - EdTech Hub (EdTech Hub, 2022)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Keywords: _r:AddedByZotZen

Cost-Effective EdTech Paper 2: Good practice - Mitchell, Joel; D'Rozario, Jonny (EdTech Hub, 2022)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Keywords: _r:AddedByZotZen

Cost-Effective EdTech Paper 1: A position piece on how the sector can make progress - Mitchell, Joel; D'Rozario, Jonny (EdTech Hub, 2022)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Keywords: _r:AddedByZotZen