TY - BOOK TI - The Design of Experiments AU - Fisher, Ronald A. D. DA - 1935/// PY - 1935 PB - Oliver and Boyd ER - TY - JOUR TI - Significance Tests Which May be Applied to Samples From any Populations AU - Pitman, E.J.G. T2 - Journal of the Royal Statistical Society DA - 1937/// PY - 1937 VL - 4 IS - 1 UR - https://about.jstor.org/terms KW - ⛔ No DOI found ER - TY - JOUR TI - An Outline of General System Theory AU - von Bertalanffy, Ludwig T2 - The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science AB - A survey of the history of science shows that very similar conceptions have been developed independently in various branches of science. At present, for example, holistic interpretations are prevalent in all fields whereas in the past atomistic explanations were common. Such considerations lead to the postulation of General System Theory which is a logico-mathematical discipline applicable to all sciences concerned with systems. The fact that certain principles have general applicability to systems explains the occurrence of isomorphic laws in different scientific fields. Just as Aristotelian logic was a fundamental organon for the classificatory sciences of antiquity, so may General System Theory define the general principles of dynamic interaction which appears as the central problem of modern science. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) DA - 1950/// PY - 1950 DO - 10.1093/bjps/I.2.134 DP - JSTOR VL - 1 IS - 2 SP - 134 EP - 165 SN - 0007-0882 UR - https://www.jstor.org/stable/685808 Y2 - 2021/01/07/06:36:54 ER - TY - JOUR TI - General systems theory—the skeleton of science AU - Boulding, Kenneth E. T2 - Management science DA - 1956/// PY - 1956 DO - 10.1287/mnsc.2.3.197 DP - Google Scholar VL - 2 IS - 3 SP - 197 EP - 208 ER - TY - BOOK TI - General Systems Theory as a New Discipline AU - Ashby, W. R. DA - 1958/// PY - 1958 DP - Google Scholar PB - Plenum Press, New York ER - TY - JOUR TI - A New Scale of Social Desirability Independent of Psychopathology AU - Crowne, Douglas AU - Marlowe, David T2 - Journal of Consulting Psychology AB - A new social desirability scale was constructed and correlated with MMPI scales. Comparison was made with correlations of the Edwards Social Desirability scale. The new scale correlated highly with MMPI scales and supported the definition of social desirability. Ss need to respond in "culturally sanctioned ways." DA - 1960/09/01/ PY - 1960 DO - 10.1037/h0047358 DP - ResearchGate VL - 24 IS - 4 SP - 349 EP - 54 J2 - Journal of consulting psychology UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/9754153_A_New_Scale_of_Social_Desirability_Independent_of_Psychopathology ER - TY - BOOK TI - An introduction to cybernetics AU - Ashby, W. Ross DA - 1961/// PY - 1961 DP - Google Scholar PB - Chapman & Hall Ltd ER - TY - JOUR TI - Theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence: A critical experiment AU - Cattell, Raymond B. T2 - Journal of Educational Psychology AB - The theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence propounded 20 years ago by the author has since accumulated support. However, the crucial issue of whether 1 or 2 general factors subtend intellectual performances has lacked an experiment adequately designed for accurate, determinate, simple-structure rotation at the 2nd order. By factoring culturally embedded with culture-fair intelligence measures on a background of pure personality primaries (N = 277 7th and 8th grade boys and girls), it is shown that 2 general factors indeed exist. A review, with some mathematical formulations, is given of the theory's implications for the nature-nurture ratio, brain injury, standard deviaiton of the IQ, growth curves, the concept of a relational difficulty hierarchy, test standardization, and the relative validities of traditional and culture-fair intelligence tests. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) DA - 1963/02// PY - 1963 DO - 10.1037/h0046743 DP - EBSCOhost VL - 54 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 22 J2 - Journal of Educational Psychology SN - 0022-0663 ST - Theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence UR - https://ezp.lib.cam.ac.uk/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=1963-07991-001&site=ehost-live&scope=site Y2 - 2019/11/19/16:01:52 KW - Cognitive Ability KW - Fluid Intelligence KW - Intelligence KW - crystallized intelligence KW - fluid intelligence KW - intellectual performances ER - TY - JOUR TI - Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSE) AU - Rosenberg, M. T2 - Acceptance and Commitment Therapy DA - 1965/// PY - 1965 SP - 61 KW - ⛔ No DOI found ER - TY - BOOK TI - Society and the adolescent self-image AU - Rosenberg, Morris CY - Princeton DA - 1965/// PY - 1965 PB - Princeton University Press KW - ⛔ No DOI found ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Systems Approach AU - Banathy, Bela H. T2 - The Modern Language Journal DA - 1967/// PY - 1967 DO - 10.2307/323431 DP - JSTOR VL - 51 IS - 5 SP - 281 EP - 289 SN - 0026-7902 UR - https://www.jstor.org/stable/323431 Y2 - 2021/04/12/06:24:36 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Principles of the self-organizing system AU - Ashby, W. Ross T2 - Modern systems research for the behavioral scientist DA - 1968/// PY - 1968 DP - Google Scholar SP - 108 EP - 118 KW - ⛔ No DOI found ER - TY - JOUR TI - Instructional systems. AU - Banathy, Bela H. DA - 1968/// PY - 1968 DP - Google Scholar KW - ⛔ No DOI found ER - TY - BOOK TI - The systems approach AU - Churchman, Charles West DA - 1968/// PY - 1968 DP - Google Scholar PB - Delta ER - TY - JOUR TI - A system approach to education: Derivation and definition AU - Kaufman, Roger A. T2 - AV communication review DA - 1968/// PY - 1968 DP - Google Scholar VL - 16 IS - 4 SP - 415 EP - 425 ST - A system approach to education KW - ⛔ No DOI found ER - TY - ELEC TI - General System Theory: Foundations, Development, Applications AU - Bertalanffy, Ludwig von T2 - eweb:1908 DA - 1969/// PY - 1969 LA - en ST - General System Theory UR - https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/763002 Y2 - 2020/12/17/05:09:44 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Common characteristics of open systems AU - Katz, Daniel AU - Kahn, Robert L. T2 - Systems thinking DA - 1969/// PY - 1969 DP - Google Scholar VL - 2 SP - 86 EP - 104 KW - ⛔ No DOI found ER - TY - JOUR TI - Systems Approaches to the Management of Public Education. AU - Mansergh, Gerald G. DA - 1969/// PY - 1969 DP - Google Scholar KW - ⛔ No DOI found ER - TY - BOOK TI - Pedagogy of the oppressed AU - Freire, Paulo CY - New York DA - 1970/// PY - 1970 PB - The Continuum International Publishing Group Inc ER - TY - BOOK TI - Deschooling Society AU - Illich, Ivan AB - Schools have failed our individual needs, supporting false and misleading notions of 'progress' and development fostered by the belief that ever-increasing production, consumption and profit are proper yardsticks for measuring the quality of human life. Our universities have become recruiting centers for the personnel of the consumer society, certifying citizens for service, while at the same time disposing of those judged unfit for the competitive rat race. In this bold and provocative book, Illich suggest some radical and exciting reforms for the education system. DA - 1971/// PY - 1971 DP - Google Books SP - 132 LA - en PB - Marion Boyars SN - 978-0-7145-0879-5 KW - Social Science / Sociology / General ER - TY - BOOK TI - Trends in general systems theory AU - Klir, George J. CN - Q295 .K56 CY - New York DA - 1972/// PY - 1972 DP - Library of Congress ISBN SP - 462 LA - en PB - Wiley-Interscience SN - 978-0-471-49190-3 KW - System theory ER - TY - JOUR TI - Introduction to the systems approach in educational planning and management AU - Kraft, Richard H.P. AU - Latta, Raymond F. T2 - Educational Technology DA - 1972/// PY - 1972 DP - JSTOR VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 5 EP - 8 SN - 0013-1962 UR - https://www.jstor.org/stable/44417782 Y2 - 2021/01/06/06:27:16 KW - ⛔ No DOI found ER - TY - JOUR TI - The History and Status of General Systems Theory. AU - Von Bertalanffy, L. T2 - Academy of Management Journal DA - 1972/12/01/ PY - 1972 DO - 10.2307/255139 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 15 IS - 4 SP - 407 EP - 426 J2 - Academy of Management Journal LA - en SN - 0001-4273, 1948-0989 UR - http://amj.aom.org/cgi/doi/10.2307/255139 Y2 - 2021/01/05/13:20:57 ER - TY - GEN TI - Article 160 - Constitution 1973 AU - Government of Pakistan DA - 1973/// PY - 1973 UR - https://www.finance.gov.pk/nfc_cons.html Y2 - 2022/06/01/07:06:24 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Research and the Systems Approach as Methodologies for Education AU - Stowe, Richard A. T2 - AV Communication Review DA - 1973/// PY - 1973 DP - JSTOR VL - 21 IS - 2 SP - 165 EP - 175 SN - 0001-2890 UR - https://www.jstor.org/stable/30218523 Y2 - 2021/04/12/05:54:02 KW - ⛔ No DOI found ER - TY - JOUR TI - What is the systems approach? AU - Chen, Gordon KC T2 - Interfaces DA - 1975/// PY - 1975 DO - 10.1287/inte.6.1.32 DP - Google Scholar VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - 32 EP - 37 KW - __C:scheme:1 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Mother Tongue Education: The West African Experience AU - Bamgbose, Ayo AB - In the rapidly changing political, economic, and social life of West Africa, there is a renewed interest in cultural identity. This book describes the developments and the difficulties experienced by different West African countries in the use of mother tongues in multi-lingual society. The book was commissioned to give scholars, educators, and policy-makers concerned with mother tongue education an account of developments in selected countries. Three broad areas are covered: (1) situations where the mother tongue has not yet been introduced into the formal school system but where preparations are being made; (2) situations where there has been a long tradition of mother tongue education; and (3) special projects. An introduction discusses the role of the mother tongue in education, with particular reference to West Africa. This is followed by a historical sketch of developments in mother tongue education. Contributions from Sierra Leone and Dahomey cover the first of the areas mentioned. Ghana's report covers the second area. The last two reports, from Nigeria, fall into the third category. Finally, two projects are described: the Six-Year Primary Project on the use of a major language as a medium of instruction and the Rivers Readers Project on the introduction of smaller languages into the formal school system. (Author/AM) DA - 1976/// PY - 1976 DP - ERIC LA - en PB - Hodder and Stoughton Ltd ST - Mother Tongue Education Y2 - 2022/04/06/16:13:47 KW - African Culture KW - African Languages KW - Bilingual Education KW - Educational Planning KW - French KW - Igbo KW - Language Planning KW - Language of Instruction KW - Mandingo KW - Mende KW - Multilingualism KW - Native Speakers KW - Portuguese KW - Regional Dialects KW - Sociolinguistics KW - Susu KW - Uncommonly Taught Languages KW - Wolof KW - Yoruba ER - TY - BOOK TI - The Definition of Educational Technology. AECT Task Force on Definition and Terminology AU - B. Johnson, John AU - Myers, Dennis AU - H. Silber, Kenneth AU - Storm, Susan AU - Virgo, Ralph AU - J. Wallington, Clinton AB - A total, systematic, integrative concept provides the framework for this definition of educational technology as a theory, a field, and a profession. The definition statement presents an historical perspective of attempts to define educational technology and a current theoretical framework for arriving at a definition. It also identifies the intellectual techniques and practical applications derived from the theoretical framework and describes the training and certification, the ethics and standards, the leadership, the association and communications, the acknowledgement as a profession, the concern of the profession, and the relationship to other professions that both derive from the theoretical framework and exist in the field today. An evaluation of the definition statement concludes this document by the AECT Task Force on Definition and Terminology; a list of references and a glossary of terms not defined within this definition statement are appended. (Author/BK) DA - 1977/// PY - 1977 DP - ERIC LA - en PB - Association for Educational Communications and Technology, 1126 16th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20036 ($10 SN - 978-0-89240-006-5 UR - https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED192759 Y2 - 2021/02/16/11:02:06 KW - Audiovisual Communications KW - Behavioral Sciences KW - Certification KW - Definitions KW - Educational History KW - Educational Methods KW - Educational Resources KW - Educational Technology KW - Educational Theories KW - Models KW - Professional Associations KW - Professional Occupations KW - Social Environment KW - Systems Approach ER - TY - JOUR TI - Toward an experimental ecology of human development. AU - Bronfenbrenner, Urie T2 - American psychologist DA - 1977/// PY - 1977 DO - 10.1037/0003-066X.32.7.513 DP - Google Scholar VL - 32 IS - 7 SP - 513 ER - TY - GEN TI - The National Education Act, 1978 AU - UNESCO DA - 1978/// PY - 1978 UR - http://www.unesco.org/education/edurights/media/docs/873ae01bc28cf449895950c7cac2a419d3ede5fd.pdf ER - TY - BOOK TI - The Ecology of Human Development AU - Bronfenbrenner, Urie AB - To understand the way children develop, Bronfenbrenner believes that it is necessary to observe their behavior in natural settings, while they are interacting with familiar adults over prolonged periods of time. His book offers an important blueprint for constructing a new and ecologically valid psychology of development. CY - Cambridge, MA DA - 1979/// PY - 1979 SP - 352 LA - en PB - Harvard University Press SN - 978-0-674-22457-5 KW - Psychology / General ER - TY - BOOK TI - The ecology of human development: experiments by nature and design AU - Bronfenbrenner, Urie CN - BF722 .B76 CY - Cambridge, Mass DA - 1979/// PY - 1979 DP - Library of Congress ISBN SP - 330 LA - en PB - Harvard University Press SN - 978-0-674-22456-8 ST - The ecology of human development KW - Child psychology KW - Human development KW - Research ER - TY - BOOK TI - The ecological approach to visual perception AU - Gibson, J.J. CY - Boston, MA., USA DA - 1979/// PY - 1979 PB - Houghton Mifflin ER - TY - JOUR TI - On the use of models in corporate planning AU - Ackoff, Russell L. T2 - Strategic Management Journal DA - 1981/// PY - 1981 DO - 10.1002/smj.4250020404 DP - Google Scholar VL - 2 IS - 4 SP - 353 EP - 359 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Origins of Human Competence: A Cultural-Ecological Perspective AU - Ogbu, John U. T2 - Child Development AB - In this essay it is argued that child rearing in the family and similar micro settings in the early years of life and subsequent adolescent socialization are geared toward the development of instrumental competencies required for adult economic, political, and social roles. These cultural imperatives vary from 1 cultural group to another as do the required competencies. In the United States they are different for the white middle class and for minority groups like urban ghetto blacks. It follows that the conventional research approach which used white middle-class child-rearing practices and children's competencies as standards is not useful in understanding minority groups' child rearing and competencies. Rather, for cross-cultural research, a cultural-ecological model is proposed which is not ethnocentric and studies competence in the context of the cultural imperatives in a given population. Cross-cultural or intergroup comparison is appropriate if based on data from such contextual studies. DA - 1981/// PY - 1981 DO - 10.2307/1129158 DP - JSTOR VL - 52 IS - 2 SP - 413 EP - 429 SN - 0009-3920 ST - Origins of Human Competence UR - https://www.jstor.org/stable/1129158 Y2 - 2020/12/22/12:09:48 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The nature of soft systems thinking: The work of Churchman, Ackoff and Checkland AU - Jackson, Michael C. T2 - Journal of applied systems analysis DA - 1982/// PY - 1982 DP - Google Scholar VL - 9 IS - 1 SP - 17 EP - 29 ST - The nature of soft systems thinking KW - ⛔ No DOI found ER - TY - BOOK TI - Groping in the dark: the first decade of global modelling AU - Meadows, Donella AU - Richardson, John AU - Bruckmann, Gerhart DA - 1982/// PY - 1982 DP - Google Scholar PB - John Wiley & Sons ST - Groping in the dark ER - TY - JOUR TI - Development of reliable and valid short forms of the marlowe-crowne social desirability scale AU - Reynolds, William M. T2 - Journal of Clinical Psychology AB - Developed, on the basis of responses from 608 undergraduate students to the 33-item Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale, three short forms of 11, 12, and 13 items. The psychometric characteristics of these three forms and three other short forms developed by Strahan and Gerbasi (1972) were investigated and comparisons made. Results, in the form of internal consistency reliability, item factor loadings, short form with Marlowe-Crowne total scale correlations, and correlations between Marlowe-Crowne short forms and the Edwards Social Desirability Scale, indicate that psychometrically sound short forms can be constructed. Comparisons made between the short forms examined in this investigation suggest the 13-item form as a viable substitute for the regular 33-item Marlowe-Crowne scale. DA - 1982/// PY - 1982 DO - 10.1002/1097-4679(198201)38:1<119::AID-JCLP2270380118>3.0.CO;2-I DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 38 IS - 1 SP - 119 EP - 125 LA - en SN - 1097-4679 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/1097-4679%28198201%2938%3A1%3C119%3A%3AAID-JCLP2270380118%3E3.0.CO%3B2-I Y2 - 2022/01/16/18:35:55 ER - TY - JOUR TI - An Integrating Framework for Research in Business and Society: A Step Toward the Elusive Paradigm? AU - Jones, Thomas M. T2 - Academy of Management Review AB - According to some authors, the field of business and society has suffered because it apparently lacks a dominant paradigm. This paper (1) concludes that such a paradigm is unlikely to emerge soon and (2) offers an “integrating framework” based on an interpenetrating systems model and focusing on the social control of business. This framework may serve as a unifying mechanism for existing research in the field as well as an agenda for future research. DA - 1983/10/01/ PY - 1983 DO - 10.5465/amr.1983.4284653 DP - journals.aom.org (Atypon) VL - 8 IS - 4 SP - 559 EP - 564 J2 - AMR SN - 0363-7425 ST - An Integrating Framework for Research in Business and Society UR - https://journals.aom.org/doi/abs/10.5465/AMR.1983.4284653 Y2 - 2021/03/20/02:15:51 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Application of Computerized Adaptive Testing to Educational Problems AU - Weiss, David J. AU - Kingsbury, G. Gage T2 - Journal of Educational Measurement AB - Three applications of computerized adaptive testing (CAT) to help solve problems encountered in educational settings are described and discussed. Each of these applications makes use of item response theory to select test questions from an item pool to estimate a student's achievement level and its precision. These estimates may then be used in conjunction with certain testing strategies to facilitate certain educational decisions. The three applications considered are (a) adaptive mastery testing for determining whether or not a student has mastered a particular content area, (b) adaptive grading for assigning grades to students, and (c) adaptive self-referenced testing for estimating change in a student's achievement level. Differences between currently used classroom procedures and these CAT procedures are discussed. For the adaptive mastery testing procedure, evidence from a series of studies comparing conventional and adaptive testing procedures is presented showing that the adaptive procedure results in more accurate mastery classifications than do conventional mastery tests, while using fewer test questions. DA - 1984/// PY - 1984 DO - 10.1111/j.1745-3984.1984.tb01040.x DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 21 IS - 4 SP - 361 EP - 375 LA - en SN - 1745-3984 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1745-3984.1984.tb01040.x Y2 - 2022/06/17/12:52:31 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Numbers and words: Combining quantitative and qualitative methods in a single large-scale evaluation study AU - Rossman, Gretchen B. AU - Wilson, Bruce L. T2 - Evaluation Review DA - 1985/// PY - 1985 DO - https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0193841X8500900505 VL - 9 IS - 5 SP - 627 EP - 643 KW - ⚠️ Invalid DOI ER - TY - JOUR TI - Materiales de formación en los campos de la planificación y de la administración de la educación y de las construcciones escolares AU - UNESCO T2 - UNESCO Digital Library DA - 1985/// PY - 1985 UR - https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000378074 Y2 - 2022/11/18/15:24:10 ER - TY - CHAP TI - Recent advances in research on the ecology of human development AU - Bronfenbrenner, Urie T2 - Development as action in context DA - 1986/// PY - 1986 DP - Google Scholar SP - 287 EP - 309 PB - Springer ER - TY - CHAP TI - Two courses of expertise AU - Hatano, G AU - Inagaki, K T2 - Children development and education in Japan CY - New York DA - 1986/// PY - 1986 SP - 262 EP - 272 PB - Freeman ER - TY - JOUR TI - Those Who Understand: Knowledge Growth in Teaching AU - Shulman, Lee S DA - 1986/// PY - 1986 DO - 10.3102/0013189x015002004 UR - https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.3102/0013189X015002004 Y2 - 2022/08/23/06:21:11 ER - TY - RPRT TI - National Education Act AU - Government of Zimbabwe DA - 1987/// PY - 1987 UR - http://www.unesco.org/education/edurights/media/docs/d0945389cdf8992e8cb5f3a4b05ef3b3aa0e6512.pdf Y2 - 2020/06/27/15:47:02 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Systems inquiry in education AU - Banathy, Bela H. T2 - Systems Practice DA - 1988/// PY - 1988 DO - 10.1007/BF01059858 DP - Google Scholar VL - 1 IS - 2 SP - 193 EP - 212 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Meta-Ethnography AU - Noblit, George W. AU - Hare, R. Dwight AB - Synthesizing Qualitative Studies DA - 1988/// PY - 1988 LA - en-us UR - https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/meta-ethnography/book2416 Y2 - 2019/11/15/13:37:54 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Systems thinking, systems practice, and practical philosophy: A program of research AU - Ulrich, Werner T2 - Systems Practice DA - 1988/// PY - 1988 DO - 10.1007/BF01059855 DP - Google Scholar VL - 1 IS - 2 SP - 137 EP - 163 ST - Systems thinking, systems practice, and practical philosophy ER - TY - JOUR TI - A spiral model of software development and enhancement AU - Boehm, B. W. T2 - Computer AB - A short description is given of software process models and the issues they address. An outline is given of the process steps involved in the spiral model, an evolving risk-driven approach that provides a framework for guiding the software process, and its application to a software project is shown. A summary is given of the primary advantages and implications involved in using the spiral model and the primary difficulties in using it at its current incomplete level of elaboration.<> DA - 1988/05// PY - 1988 DO - 10.1109/2.59 DP - IEEE Xplore VL - 21 IS - 5 SP - 61 EP - 72 SN - 1558-0814 UR - https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/59 Y2 - 2024/02/15/18:19:02 KW - Application software KW - Military computing KW - Navigation KW - Productivity KW - Programming KW - Prototypes KW - Software prototyping KW - Spirals KW - Testing ER - TY - JOUR TI - A spiral model of software development and enhancement AU - Boehm, B. W. T2 - Computer AB - A short description is given of software process models and the issues they address. An outline is given of the process steps involved in the spiral model, an evolving risk-driven approach that provides a framework for guiding the software process, and its application to a software project is shown. A summary is given of the primary advantages and implications involved in using the spiral model and the primary difficulties in using it at its current incomplete level of elaboration.<> DA - 1988/05// PY - 1988 DO - 10.1109/2.59 DP - IEEE Xplore VL - 21 IS - 5 SP - 61 EP - 72 SN - 1558-0814 UR - https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/59 Y2 - 2024/02/15/18:19:02 KW - Application software KW - Military computing KW - Navigation KW - Productivity KW - Programming KW - Prototypes KW - Software prototyping KW - Spirals KW - Testing ER - TY - JOUR TI - Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology AU - Davis, Fred D. T2 - MIS Quarterly DA - 1989/09// PY - 1989 DO - 10.2307/249008 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 13 IS - 3 SP - 319 J2 - MIS Quarterly SN - 02767783 UR - https://www.jstor.org/stable/249008?origin=crossref Y2 - 2021/01/06/07:39:07 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology AU - Davis, Fred D. T2 - MIS Quarterly AB - Valid measurement scales for predicting user acceptance of computers are in short supply. Most subjective measures used in practice are unvalidated, and their relationship to system usage is unknown. The present research develops and validates new scales for two specific variables, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, which are hypothesized to be fundamental determinants of user acceptance. Definitions for these two variables were used to develop scale items that were pretested for content validity and then tested for reliability and construct validity in two studies involving a total of 152 users and four application programs. The measures were refined and stream-lined, resulting in two six-item scales with reliabilities of.98 for usefulness and.94 for ease of use. The scales exhibited high convergent, discriminant, and factorial validity. Perceived usefulness was significantly correlated with both self-reported current usage (r=.63, Study 1) and self-predicted future usage (r=.85, Study 2). Perceived ease of use was also significantly correlated with current usage (r=.45, Study 1) and future usage (r=.59, Study 2). In both studies, usefulness had a significantly greater correlation with usage behavior than did ease of use. Regression analyses suggest that perceived ease of use may actually be a causal antecedent to perceived usefulness, as opposed to a parallel, direct determinant of system usage. Implications are drawn for future research on user acceptance. DA - 1989/// PY - 1989 DO - 10.2307/249008 DP - JSTOR VL - 13 IS - 3 SP - 319 EP - 340 SN - 0276-7783 UR - https://www.jstor.org/stable/249008 Y2 - 2023/04/23/20:39:50 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Paradigm Wars and Their Aftermath A “Historical” Sketch of Research on Teaching Since 1989 AU - Gage, Nl T2 - Educational Researcher AB - Raging during the 1980s, the Paradigm Wars resulted in the demise of objectivity-seeking quantitative research on teaching—a victim of putatively devastating attacks from anti-naturalists, interpretivists, and critical theorists. Subsequently, the interpretivists' ethnographic studies flourished, enhancing the cultural appropriateness of schooling, and critical theorists' analyses fostered the struggles for power for the poor, non-Whites, and women. Two alternative versions of the aftermath are also conceivable. Pragmatism and Popper's piecemeal social engineering offer paths toward a productive rapprochement of the paradigms, one guided by the moral obligations of educational research. DA - 1989/10// PY - 1989 DO - 10.3102/0013189X018007004 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 18 IS - 7 SP - 4 EP - 10 J2 - Educational Researcher LA - en SN - 0013-189X, 1935-102X UR - http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.3102/0013189X018007004 Y2 - 2021/06/01/13:05:50 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Toward a conceptual framework for mixed-method evaluation designs AU - Greene, Jennifer C. AU - Caracelli, Valerie J. AU - Graham, Wendy F. T2 - Educational evaluation and policy analysis DA - 1989/// PY - 1989 DO - 10.3102/01623737011003255 DP - Google Scholar VL - 11 IS - 3 SP - 255 EP - 274 ER - TY - JOUR TI - A systems approach to educational testing AU - Frederiksen, John R. AU - Collins, Allan T2 - Educational Researcher AB - Our concern in this paper is with the validity of educational tests when they are employed as critical measures of educational outcomes within a dynamic system. The problem of validity arises if an educational system adapts itself to the characteristics of the outcome measures. We introduce the concept of systemically valid tests as ones that induce curricular and instructional changes in education systems (and learning strategy changes in students) that foster the development of the cognitive traits that the tests are designed to measure. We analyze some general characteristics that contribute to or detract from a testing system's systemic validity, such as the use of direct rather than indirect assessment. We then apply these characteristics in developing a set of design principles for creating testing systems that are systemically valid. Finally, we provide an illustration of the proposed principles, by applying them to the design of a student assessment system. This design example addresses not only specifications for the tests, but also the means of teaching the process of assessment to users of the system. DA - 1989/12/01/ PY - 1989 DO - 10.3102/0013189X018009027 DP - SAGE Journals VL - 18 IS - 9 SP - 27 EP - 32 J2 - Educational Researcher LA - en SN - 0013-189X UR - https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X018009027 Y2 - 2021/01/06/11:48:29 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Computer Aided Systems Theory-EUROCAST'89: A Selection of Papers from the International Workshop EUROCAST'89, Las Palmas, Spain, February 26-March 4, 1989. Proceedings AU - Pichler, Franz AU - Moreno-Diaz, Roberto DA - 1990/// PY - 1990 DP - Google Scholar VL - 1 PB - Springer Science & Business Media ST - Computer Aided Systems Theory-EUROCAST'89 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Systems Design of Education: A Journey to Create the Future AU - Banathy, Bela H. DA - 1991/// PY - 1991 DP - Google Books SP - 272 LA - en PB - Educational Technology SN - 978-0-87778-229-2 ST - Systems Design of Education KW - Education / General ER - TY - RPRT TI - Constitution of Sierra Leone AU - Government of Sierra Leone DA - 1991/// PY - 1991 DP - Zotero LA - en ER - TY - CHAP TI - Situating learning in communities of practice. AU - Lave, Jean T2 - Perspectives on socially shared cognition. CY - Washington DA - 1991/// PY - 1991 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) SP - 63 EP - 82 LA - en PB - American Psychological Association SN - 978-1-55798-121-9 UR - http://content.apa.org/books/10096-003 Y2 - 2023/05/19/19:13:21 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Approaches to qualitative-quantitative methodological triangulation AU - Morse, Janice M. T2 - Nursing research DA - 1991/// PY - 1991 DO - 10.1097/00006199-199103000-00014 VL - 40 IS - 2 SP - 120 EP - 123 UR - https://journals.lww.com/nursingresearchonline/Citation/1991/03000/Approaches_to_Qualitative_Quantitative.14.aspx ER - TY - BOOK TI - The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think. AU - Schön, D. A. CY - Aldershot DA - 1991/// PY - 1991 PB - Arena ER - TY - RPRT TI - Standards for Education Data Collection and Reporting AU - SEDCR DA - 1991/// PY - 1991 DP - Zotero SP - 145 LA - en ER - TY - JOUR TI - How systems thinking applies to education. AU - Betts, Frank T2 - Educational Leadership DA - 1992/// PY - 1992 DP - Google Scholar VL - 50 IS - 3 SP - 38 EP - 41 KW - ⛔ No DOI found ER - TY - ELEC TI - How Systems Thinking Applies to Education - Educational Leadership AU - Betts, Frank DA - 1992/// PY - 1992 UR - http://www.ascd.org/publications/educational-leadership/nov92/vol50/num03/How-Systems-Thinking-Applies-to-Education.aspx Y2 - 2021/01/07/11:57:40 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Ecological systems theory. AU - Bronfenbrenner, Urie DA - 1992/// PY - 1992 DP - Google Scholar PB - Jessica Kingsley Publishers ER - TY - BOOK TI - Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods AU - Bryk, Anthony S. AU - Raudenbush, Stephen W. T2 - Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods AB - Much social and behavioral research involves hierarchical data structures. . . . Recent developments in the statistical theory of hierarchical linear models now afford an integrated set of methods for such applications. This introductory text explicates the theory and use of hierarchical linear models (HLM) through rich, illustrative examples and lucid explanations. The presentation remains reasonably nontechnical by focusing on three general research purposes—improved estimation of effects within an individual unit, estimating and testing hypotheses about cross-level effects, and partitioning of variance and covariance components among levels. This innovative volume describes use of both two and three level models in organizational research, studies of individual development and meta-analysis applications, and concludes with a formal derivation of the statistical methods used in the book. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) CY - Thousand Oaks, CA, US DA - 1992/// PY - 1992 DP - APA PsycNet SP - xvi, 265 PB - Sage Publications, Inc SN - 978-0-8039-4627-9 ST - Hierarchical linear models KW - Mathematical Modeling KW - Statistical Analysis ER - TY - GEN TI - BRIDGING COMMUNICATION BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE TEACHING IN NIGERIAN LANGUAGES: THE ROLE OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY AU - Educational, African AU - Nwosu, Theory Don AB - null DA - 1992/// PY - 1992 DP - CiteSeer ER - TY - JOUR TI - Fuzzy systems theory and its applications AU - Sugeno, Michio AU - Asai, K. AU - Terano, T. T2 - Tokyo Institute of Technology DA - 1992/// PY - 1992 DP - Google Scholar KW - ⛔ No DOI found ER - TY - CONF TI - Applying Systems Theory Through the Lens of Learning: What Does Learning Research Say? AU - Jones, Beau Fly AU - Knuth, Randy A. AU - Baxendale, Steve A2 - Reigeluth, Charles M. A2 - Banathy, Bela H. A2 - Olson, Jeannette R. T3 - NATO ASI Series AB - Two areas of learning research, research about the learning process and views about the learner, need to be considered to guide educational stakeholders in the task of successfully redesigning schools to promote learning. The most meaningful learning results from an instructional design based on learning research. Research in the application of systems theory in education has profound implications for curriculum, instruction, and assessment in schools. C1 - Berlin, Heidelberg C3 - Comprehensive Systems Design: A New Educational Technology DA - 1993/// PY - 1993 DO - 10.1007/978-3-642-58035-2_24 DP - Springer Link SP - 314 EP - 333 LA - en PB - Springer SN - 978-3-642-58035-2 ST - Applying Systems Theory Through the Lens of Learning KW - Affective education KW - IQ KW - cognitive theory KW - creative thinking KW - critical thinking KW - educational research KW - intelligence KW - learner KW - learning processes KW - learning strategies KW - learning theories KW - metacognition KW - multiple intelligences KW - schema theories KW - school restructuring ER - TY - BOOK TI - Resampling-based multiple testing: Examples and Methods for p-Value Adjustment AU - Westfall, Peter H AU - Young, S. Stanley DA - 1993/// PY - 1993 VL - 279 PB - John Wiley & Sons ER - TY - JOUR TI - General system theory: Toward a conceptual framework for science and technology education for all AU - Chen, David AU - Stroup, Walter T2 - Journal of Science Education and Technology AB - In this paper we suggest using general system theory (GST) as a unifying theoretical framework for science and technology education for all. Five reasons are articulated: the multidisciplinary nature of systems theory, the ability to engage complexity, the capacity to describe system dynamics and change, the ability to represent the relationship between the micro-level and macro-level of analysis, and the ability to bring together the natural and human worlds. The historical origins of system ideas are described, and the major concepts of system theory are mapped; including the mathematical, technological, and philosophical constructs. The various efforts to implement system thinking in educational contexts are reviewed, and three kinds of learning environments are defined: expert presentation, simulation, and real-world. A broad research agenda for exploring and drawing-out the educational implications of system thinking and learning is outlined. The study of both real-world and simulated learning environments is advocated. DA - 1993/09/01/ PY - 1993 DO - 10.1007/BF00694427 DP - Google Scholar VL - 2 IS - 3 SP - 447 EP - 459 J2 - Journal of Science Education and Technology ST - General system theory ER - TY - JOUR TI - Ecological models of human development AU - Bronfenbrenner, Urie T2 - Readings on the development of children DA - 1994/// PY - 1994 DP - Google Scholar VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - 37 EP - 43 KW - ⛔ No DOI found ER - TY - JOUR TI - Des manuels scolaires sur mesure: Guide pratique à l'intention des auteurs de manuels scolaires AU - Chatry-Komarek, Marie T2 - Des manuels scolaires sur mesure DA - 1994/// PY - 1994 DP - Google Scholar SP - 1 EP - 240 ST - Des manuels scolaires sur mesure KW - ⛔ No DOI found ER - TY - GEN TI - The Salamanca Statement and Framework for Action on Special Needs Education AU - Spain. Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia DA - 1994/// PY - 1994 UR - https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000098427 Y2 - 2020/03/28/22:09:30 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Social Network Analysis AU - Wasserman, S. AU - Faust, K. AB - Social network analysis is used widely in the social and behavioral sciences, as well as in economics, marketing, and industrial engineering. The social network perspective focuses on relationships among social entities and is an important addition to standard social and behavioral research, which is primarily concerned with attributes of the social units. Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications reviews and discusses methods for the analysis of social networks with a focus on applications of these methods to many substantive examples. It is a reference book that can be used by those who want a comprehensive review of network methods, or by researchers who have gathered network data and want to find the most appropriate method by which to analyze it. It is also intended for use as a textbook as it is the first book to provide comprehensive coverage of the methodology and applications of the field. DA - 1994/// PY - 1994 DP - books.google.co.uk UR - https://books.google.com/books/about/Social_Network_Analysis.html?id=CAm2DpIqRUIC Y2 - 2019/12/10/10:00:27 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The relationship between cognition and action: performance of children 312–7 years old on a stroop- like day-night test AU - Gerstadt, Cherie L. AU - Hong, Yoon Joo AU - Diamond, Adele T2 - Cognition AB - One hundred and sixty children 312–7 years of age (10M, 10F at each 6-month interval) were tested on a task that requires inhibitory control of action plus learning and remembering two rules. They were asked to say “day” whenever a black card with the moon and stars appeared and to say “night” when shown a white card with a bright sun. Children <5 years had great difficulty. They started out performing well, but could not sustain this over the course of the 16-trial session. Response latency decreased from 312 to 412 years. Children <412 years performed well when they took very long to respond. To test whether the requirement to learn and remember two rules alone was sufficient to cause children difficulty, 80 children 312–5 years old were tested on a control version of the task (“say ‘day’ to one abstract design and ‘night’ to another”). Even the youngest children performed at a high level. We conclude that the requirement to learn and remember two rules is not in itself sufficient to account for the poor performance of the younger children in the experimental condition. DA - 1994/11/01/ PY - 1994 DO - 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90068-x DP - ScienceDirect VL - 53 IS - 2 SP - 129 EP - 153 J2 - Cognition LA - en SN - 0010-0277 ST - The relationship between cognition and action UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/001002779490068X Y2 - 2019/11/04/15:13:10 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Basic Concepts and Techniques of Rapid Appraisal AU - Beebe, James T2 - Human Organization DA - 1995/03// PY - 1995 DO - 10.17730/humo.54.1.k84tv883mr2756l3 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 54 IS - 1 SP - 42 EP - 51 J2 - Human Organization LA - en SN - 0018-7259, 1938-3525 UR - http://sfaajournals.net/doi/10.17730/humo.54.1.k84tv883mr2756l3 Y2 - 2023/02/28/12:20:18 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Evolution of Constructivist Learning Environments: Immersion in Distributed, Virtual Worlds AU - Dede, Chris T2 - Educational Technology DA - 1995/// PY - 1995 DP - JSTOR VL - 35 IS - 5 SP - 46 EP - 52 SN - 0013-1962 ST - The Evolution of Constructivist Learning Environments UR - https://www.jstor.org/stable/44428298 DB - JSTOR Y2 - 2020/09/18/11:10:55 KW - ⛔ No DOI found ER - TY - JOUR TI - Technology integration: Managing technological evolution in a complex environment AU - Iansiti, Marco T2 - Research policy DA - 1995/// PY - 1995 DO - 10.1016/S0048-7333(94)00781-0 DP - Google Scholar VL - 24 IS - 4 SP - 521 EP - 542 ST - Technology integration ER - TY - BOOK TI - Documentation of educational research in Pakistan, 1947-1995: an annotated bibliography AU - Shabab, M. H CY - Islamabad DA - 1995/// PY - 1995 DP - Open WorldCat LA - English PB - Academy of Educational Planning and Management SN - 978-969-444-104-7 UR - https://www.worldcat.org/title/documentation-of-educational-research-in-pakistan-1947-1995-an-annotated-bibliography/oclc/37129977 ER - TY - BOOK TI - A how to guide to reflection: Adding cognitive learning to community service programs AU - Silcox, H. C. DA - 1995/// PY - 1995 PB - Brighton Press ER - TY - CHAP TI - Grounded theory methodology: An overview AU - Strauss, A. AU - Corbin, J. T2 - Handbook of qualitative research A2 - Denzin, N.K. A2 - Lincoln, Y.S. DA - 1995/// PY - 1995 PB - Sage KW - ___working_potential_duplicate KW - auto_merged ER - TY - JOUR TI - Nothing as practical as good theory: Exploring theory-based evaluation for comprehensive community initiatives for children and families AU - Weiss, Carol H. T2 - New approaches to evaluating community initiatives: Concepts, methods, and contexts DA - 1995/// PY - 1995 DP - Google Scholar VL - 1 SP - 65 EP - 92 ST - Nothing as practical as good theory KW - ⛔ No DOI found ER - TY - STAT TI - National Education Act 1997 (amendment) AU - United Republic of Tanzania T2 - No. 10 of 1995 DA - 1995/09/14/ PY - 1995 UR - http://www.unesco.org/education/edurights/media/docs/29595900c1028686edf504060e6a17df3eaeea8d.pdf Y2 - 2021/01/18/12:07:46 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Understanding of consumer behaviour as a prerequisite for environmental protection AU - Ölander, Folke AU - Thøgersen, John T2 - Journal of Consumer Policy DA - 1995/12// PY - 1995 DO - 10.1007/BF01024160 VL - 18 IS - 4 SP - 345 EP - 385 ER - TY - BOOK TI - The Role of Educational Technology in Upgrading Teacher Education in Pakistan AU - Abbasi, M. Hashim AU - Millar, Alex C. AB - This paper outlines a joint Asian Bank/Pakistan Ministry of Education project designed to upgrade the state of teacher education and to improve the quality, status, and professional self-esteem of Pakistan's teachers. The main strategies identified by the Project for priority attention include: structural changes through the creation of four new types of teacher education institutions in each of the provinces; development of the main teacher education pre- and in-service courses; increased output and improved standard of teachers at all levels; development and implementation of a Total Educational Technology Plan; and upgrading and strengthening of existing Government Colleges for Elementary Teachers and Government Colleges of Education. Educational technology is a key element designed to assist in achieving the Project's major goals and objectives. Needs analysis produced recommendations geared for: target population; new teacher education courses; allocation of electronic media; teacher/principal attitudes towards the equipment and software; potential sources of software; availability of ancillary funding; specialist educational technology assistance for teachers; developing a profession of educational technology interested people; storage and access for hardware and software; roles of Mobile Training Units; and overseas lessons on the application of educational technology. (AEF) DA - 1996/// PY - 1996 DP - ERIC LA - en UR - https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED396719 Y2 - 2020/12/01/16:44:50 KW - Educational Change KW - Educational Development KW - Educational Finance KW - Educational Strategies KW - Educational Technology KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Foreign Countries KW - Higher Education KW - Needs Assessment KW - Professional Development KW - Program Improvement KW - Resource Allocation KW - Schools of Education KW - Teacher Attitudes KW - Teacher Education KW - Technology Planning ER - TY - JOUR TI - The Effects of Summer Vacation on Achievement Test Scores: A Narrative and Meta-Analytic Review AU - Cooper, Harris AU - Nye, Barbara AU - Charlton, Kelly AU - Lindsay, James AU - Greathouse, Scott T2 - Review of Educational Research DA - 1996/// PY - 1996 DO - 10.3102/00346543066003227 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 66 IS - 3 SP - 227 EP - 268 J2 - Review of Educational Research LA - en SN - 0034-6543, 1935-1046 ST - The Effects of Summer Vacation on Achievement Test Scores UR - http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.3102/00346543066003227 Y2 - 2020/09/23/12:55:12 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Development of an aspect of executive control: Development of the abilities to remember what I said and to “Do as I say, not as I do” AU - Diamond, Adele AU - Taylor, Colleen T2 - Developmental Psychobiology AB - Luria's tapping test (tap once when E taps twice, tap twice when E taps once) was administered to 160 children (80 males, 80 females) between 31/2 to 7 years old. Older children were faster and more accurate than younger children, with most of the improvement occurring by the age of 6. All children tested demonstrated understanding of the instructions during the pretest, and most started out performing well, but younger subjects could not sustain this. Over the 16 trials, percentage of correct responses decreased, especially among younger subjects. Performance here was compared with performance on the day-night Stroop-like task. The most common error on both tasks was to comply with only one of the two rules. Other errors included tapping many times regardless of what the experimenter did and doing the same thing as the experimenter, rather than the opposite. It is suggested that the tapping task requires both the ability to hold two rules in mind and the ability to inhibit a strong response tendency, that these abilities improve between 3–6 years of age, and that this improvement may reflect important changes within frontal cortex during this period of life. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. DA - 1996/// PY - 1996 DO - 10.1002/(sici)1098-2302(199605)29:4<315::aid-dev2>3.0.co;2-t DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 29 IS - 4 SP - 315 EP - 334 LA - en SN - 1098-2302 ST - Development of an aspect of executive control UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/%28SICI%291098-2302%28199605%2929%3A4%3C315%3A%3AAID-DEV2%3E3.0.CO%3B2-T Y2 - 2019/11/04/15:35:45 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Instructional Technology: A Tool or a Panacea? AU - Kimmel, Howard AU - Deek, Fadi T2 - Journal of Science Education and Technology AB - It is time to recognize that educational technology cannot be considered a panacea for educational reform. Technology, when properly used, can be a very effective tool for improving and enhancing instruction and learning experiences in the content areas. However, incorporation of electronic tools, such as computers and videodiscs, into classrooms must be accompanied by systemic change in the educational process. Successful utilization of technology depends on how we provide teachers with the necessary environment for training, tools for instruction, and technology evaluation skills. This paper examines some of the misuses of technology and then explores the appropriate use of technology in the context of current educational reform. The focus is on the integration of technology in the educational process that provides a learning environment allowing discovery and creativity through the use of computer visualizations. The teacher is seen as the essential element, requiring a solid foundation in the general applications of technology, and the ability to evaluate and select systems that are effective and efficient for specific applications. DA - 1996/// PY - 1996 DO - 10.1007/BF01575474 DP - JSTOR VL - 5 IS - 1 SP - 87 EP - 92 SN - 1059-0145 ST - Instructional Technology UR - https://www.jstor.org/stable/40186380 DB - JSTOR Y2 - 2020/09/14/12:03:24 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Technology and Distance Education: Sharing Experience in Sindh, Pakistan AU - Panhwar, Farzana AB - Female literacy in Pakistan is among the lowest in the world. In 1981, the literacy rate was 16 percent for females, and 7.3 percent for rural women. Distance education can effect many social changes. Females would be the main beneficiaries because it is not socially acceptable for girls to leave home for education; parents do not like coeducational schools; social attitudes do not permit school education for girls on the conviction that any freedom to go out will result in sexual involvement with males; and women with low levels of education are stigmatized and accorded low social status. Both rural and urban conditions can be improved by providing women with integrated programs in hygiene, food, health, and basic and vocational education, as well as professional training in the sciences, trades, and industry. Problems with Pakistan's distance education system include the lack of opportunity for question and answer sessions; no provision to make up missed classes; absence of teachers to advise students on the use of the materials; lack of competition; lack of competent teachers; corruption and poor funding, resulting in nonavailability of materials in libraries; low standards, resulting in receipt of degrees without corresponding learning; lack of facilities for lab work in science and technical training; lack of rights to duplicate costly foreign video materials. (TD) DA - 1996/// PY - 1996 DP - ERIC LA - en ST - Technology and Distance Education UR - https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED404061 Y2 - 2020/12/01/16:46:11 KW - Access to Education KW - Distance Education KW - Educational Needs KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Foreign Countries KW - Illiteracy KW - Relevance (Education) KW - Rural Women KW - Sex Discrimination KW - Social Attitudes KW - Vocational Education KW - Womens Education ER - TY - BOOK TI - Five technologies for educational change: Systems thinking, systems design, quality science, change management, instructional technology AU - Salisbury, David F. DA - 1996/// PY - 1996 DP - Google Scholar PB - Educational Technology ST - Five technologies for educational change ER - TY - JOUR TI - Teacher change in technology-rich classrooms AU - Sandholtz, Judith H. AU - Ringstaff, Cathy T2 - Education and technology: Reflections on computing in classrooms DA - 1996/// PY - 1996 DP - Google Scholar SP - 281 EP - 299 KW - ⛔ No DOI found ER - TY - JOUR TI - Systems thinking AU - Senge, Peter T2 - Executive Excellence DA - 1996/// PY - 1996 DP - Google Scholar VL - 13 IS - 1 SP - 15 EP - 16 KW - ⛔ No DOI found ER - TY - ELEC TI - What is curriculum? Exploring theory and practice AU - Smith, Mark K T2 - the encyclopaedia of informal education DA - 1996///2000 PY - 1996 LA - en-GB ST - What is curriculum? UR - http://infed.org/mobi/curriculum-theory-and-practice/ Y2 - 2020/02/03/12:35:01 ER - TY - JOUR TI - General System Theory and the Ecosystem Concept T2 - The Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America DA - 1997/// PY - 1997 DO - https://doi.org/10.2307/20168127 DP - Wiley Online Library VL - 78 IS - 1 SP - 102 EP - 104 LA - en SN - 2327-6096 UR - https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.2307/20168127 Y2 - 2020/12/22/09:38:41 KW - ⚠️ Invalid DOI ER - TY - RPRT TI - Interactive Radio Instruction: Twenty-Three Years of Improving Educational Quality AU - Bosch, Andrea T2 - Education and Technology Technical Notes Series AB - Interactive Radio Instruction (IRI) is the use of interactive lessons delivered through either radio broadcast or audiocassette. An "audio" teacher directs the lessons while classroom teachers serve as facilitators. IRI has been used in developing countries worldwide to improve the quality of education across a range of school subjects and to serve as a form of teacher development. Multiple studies of IRI consistently have shown high learning gains, decreased equity gaps, and cost-effectiveness. Twenty-three years after their initial launch, several major IRI projects continue to operate successfully. While over the years IRI has been updated in various ways, its basic structure and methodology remain largely unaltered. IRI continues to be used in projects around the world. DA - 1997/// PY - 1997 DP - Zotero SP - 18 LA - en PB - World Bank Group SN - 19765 UR - https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/321401468782370378/pdf/multi-page.pdf KW - ___working_potential_duplicate ER - TY - BOOK TI - The Culture of Education AU - Bruner, Jerome AB - In a masterly commentary on the possibilities of education, eminent psychologist Jerome Bruner reveals how education can usher children into their culture, though it often fails to do so. Going well beyond his earlier acclaimed books on education, Bruner looks past the issue of achieving individual competence to the question of how education equips individuals to participate in the culture on which life and livelihood depend. CY - Cambride, MA DA - 1997/// PY - 1997 SP - 240 LA - en PB - Harvard University Press UR - https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674179530 Y2 - 2020/09/18/14:20:25 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Langues africaines: vers une édition scolaire: à propos d'un programme de formation pour auteurs de manuels scolaires AU - Chatry-Komarek, Marie T2 - Langues africaines DA - 1997/// PY - 1997 DP - Google Scholar SP - 1 EP - 206 ST - Langues africaines KW - ⛔ No DOI found ER - TY - BOOK TI - Brave new schools: Challenging cultural illiteracy through global learning networks AU - Cummins, Jim AU - Sayers, Dennis DA - 1997/// PY - 1997 DP - Google Scholar PB - Palgrave Macmillan ST - Brave new schools ER - TY - BOOK TI - Dynamics and indeterminism in developmental and social processes AU - Fogel, Alan AU - Lyra, Maria CDP AU - Valsiner, Jaan DA - 1997/// PY - 1997 DP - Google Scholar PB - Psychology Press ER - TY - RPRT TI - Discrimination in education: the Tanzania case AU - Kisanga, Maria E AU - Katunzi, Naomi CY - Dar es Salaam DA - 1997/// PY - 1997 M3 - Programme and meeting document PB - UNESCO UR - https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000138516 Y2 - 2023/05/26/08:32:34 ER - TY - CONF TI - Designing for or designing with? Informant design for interactive learning environments AU - Scaife, Michael AU - Rogers, Yvonne AU - Aldrich, Frances AU - Davies, Matt T3 - CHI '97 C1 - New York, NY, USA C3 - Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems DA - 1997/03/27/ PY - 1997 DO - 10.1145/258549.258789 DP - ACM Digital Library SP - 343 EP - 350 PB - Association for Computing Machinery SN - 978-0-89791-802-2 ST - Designing for or designing with? UR - https://doi.org/10.1145/258549.258789 Y2 - 2021/10/07/00:00:00 KW - children KW - design KW - hi-tech KW - informant KW - interactive learning environments KW - low-tech KW - prototypes ER - TY - JOUR TI - An interactive system for finding complementary literatures: a stimulus to scientific discovery AU - Swanson, DR AU - Smalheiser, NR T2 - Artificial Intelligence T3 - Scientific Discovery AB - An unintended consequence of specialization in science is poor communication across specialties. Information developed in one area of research may be of value in another without anyone becoming aware of the fact. We describe and evaluate interactive software and database search strategies that facilitate the discovery of previously unknown cross specialty information of scientific interest. The user begins by searching MEDLINE for article titles that identify a problem or topic of interest. From downloaded titles the software constructs input for additional database searches and produces a series of heuristic aids that help the user select a second set of articles complementary to the first set and from a different area of research. The two sets are complementary if together they can reveal new useful information that cannot be inferred from either set alone. The software output further helps the user identify the new information and derive from it a novel testable hypothesis. We report several successful tests and applications of the system. DA - 1997/04/01/ PY - 1997 DO - 10.1016/S0004-3702(97)00008-8 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 91 IS - 2 SP - 183 EP - 203 LA - en SN - 0004-3702 ST - An interactive system for finding complementary literatures UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0004370297000088 KW - _Added-ailr-2024 ER - TY - JOUR TI - When Mother-tongue Education is not Preferred AU - Gupta, Anthea Fraser T2 - Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development AB - In some language situations primary education in the mother tongue may not be desirable. A number of factors may militate against education in the mother tongue: (1) difficulty in determining the mother tongue. This is especially a problem in multilingual settings where children grow up with multiple mother tongues; (2) definition of 'a language'. Mother tongues may be deemed to be the standard variety; and (3) social and ethnic divisiveness of mother tongue education. In multilingual settings the maintenance of social cohesiveness may be of more importance than the benefitof mother-tongue education.Where patterns of language use are linked to social class, mother-tongue education could further diminish access to power structures by underprivileged groups. Ideological issues can be resolved only in the context of the particular social and political situation. There is no general rule that primary education should be in the mother tongue. DA - 1997/11/01/ PY - 1997 DO - 10.1080/01434639708666337 DP - Taylor and Francis+NEJM VL - 18 IS - 6 SP - 496 EP - 506 SN - 0143-4632 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/01434639708666337 Y2 - 2022/04/06/16:12:14 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Assessment and classroom learning AU - Black, Paul AU - Wiliam, Dylan T2 - Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice DA - 1998/03// PY - 1998 DO - 10.1080/0969595980050102 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 5 IS - 1 SP - 7 EP - 74 J2 - Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice LA - en SN - 0969-594X, 1465-329X UR - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0969595980050102 Y2 - 2021/11/11/17:22:14 ER - TY - BOOK TI - Complexity theory and the social sciences: An introduction AU - Byrne, David S. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998 DP - Google Scholar PB - Psychology Press ST - Complexity theory and the social sciences ER - TY - BOOK TI - Learning circles: creating conditions for professional development A3 - Collay, Michelle CN - LB1032 .L355 1998 CY - Thousand Oaks, Calif DA - 1998/// PY - 1998 DP - Library of Congress ISBN SP - 141 PB - Corwin Press SN - 978-0-8039-6675-8 978-0-8039-6676-5 ST - Learning circles KW - Cooperativeness KW - Group work in education KW - In-service training KW - Teachers KW - Teaching KW - United States ER - TY - ELEC TI - Children's Online Privacy Protection Rule ("COPPA") AU - COPPA T2 - Federal Trade Commission AB - COPPA imposes certain requirements on operators of websites or online services directed to children under 13 years of age, and on operators of other websites or online services that have actual knowledge that they are collecting personal information online from a child under 13 years of age. DA - 1998/// PY - 1998 LA - en UR - http://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/rules/childrens-online-privacy-protection-rule-coppa Y2 - 2022/06/14/22:24:43 ER - TY - RPRT TI - Quality assessment tool for quantitative studies AU - Effective Public Health Practice Project AB - The “Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies” developed by the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) is a tool for doing knowledge synthesis. This instrument, along with a user manual, provides a standardized means to assess study quality and develop recommendations for study findings. The quality appraisal tool was developed by the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) as a discrete step within the systematic review process. CY - Hamilton DA - 1998/// PY - 1998 PB - Effective Public Health Practice Project UR - https://www.nccmt.ca/knowledge-repositories/search/14 Y2 - 2019/07/18/14:42:22 KW - Reviewed ER - TY - BOOK TI - Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics AU - Keck, Margeret E. AU - Sikkink, Kathryn AB - Margaret E. Keck and Kathryn Sikkink — Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics DA - 1998/// PY - 1998 DP - www.academia.edu VL - 6 LA - en PB - Cornell University Press ST - Margaret E. Keck and Kathryn Sikkink — Activists Beyond Borders UR - https://www.academia.edu/33156360/Margaret_E_Keck_and_Kathryn_Sikkink_Activists_Beyond_Borders_Advocacy_Networks_in_International_Politics Y2 - 2020/09/23/12:11:17 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Systems theories: Their origins, foundations, and development AU - Laszlo, Alexander AU - Krippner, Stanley T2 - ADVANCES IN PSYCHOLOGY-AMSTERDAM- DA - 1998/// PY - 1998 DO - 10.1016/S0166-4115(98)80017-4 DP - Google Scholar VL - 126 SP - 47 EP - 76 ST - Systems theories ER - TY - JOUR TI - Voluntary and involuntary minorities: A cultural-ecological theory of school performance with some implications for education AU - Ogbu, John U. AU - Simons, Herbert D. T2 - Anthropology & Education Quarterly DA - 1998/// PY - 1998 DO - 10.1525/aeq.1998.29.2.155 DP - Google Scholar VL - 29 IS - 2 SP - 155 EP - 188 ST - Voluntary and involuntary minorities ER - TY - JOUR TI - Inservice Training of Primary Teachers through Interactive Video Technology: An Indian Experience AU - Raina, V. K. AU - Maheshwari, A. N. T2 - International Review of Education AB - Discusses India's Special Orientation Programme for Primary School Teachers (SOPT), a new technology used to train large numbers of teachers so that the losses in transmission inherent in the "cascade model" are avoided. Responses from teachers and trainers show there is considerable potential for the exploitation of this technology. Contains 20 references. (VWC) DA - 1998/// PY - 1998 DO - 10.1023/A:1003103813259 DP - www.learntechlib.org VL - 44 IS - 1 SP - 87 EP - 101 LA - en SN - 0020-8566 ST - Inservice Training of Primary Teachers through Interactive Video Technology UR - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1003103813259 Y2 - 2020/05/16/17:13:57 ER - TY - RPRT TI - A contemporary approach to public expenditure management AU - Schick, Allen AB - A contemporary approach to public expenditure management (English) DA - 1998/// PY - 1998 LA - en M3 - Text/HTML UR - https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/739061468323718599/A-contemporary-approach-to-public-expenditure-management Y2 - 2022/10/04/08:27:09 ER - TY - JOUR TI - An integrated technology adoption and diffusion model AU - Sherry, Lorraine T2 - International Journal of Educational Telecommunications DA - 1998/// PY - 1998 DP - Google Scholar VL - 4 IS - 2 SP - 113 EP - 145 KW - ⛔ No DOI found ER - TY - BOOK TI - Mixed Methodology: Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches AU - Tashakkori, Abbas AU - Teddlie, Charles AB - Looking for a practical guide to using mixed methodologies? This book explores the most effective way to combine qualitative and quantitative techniques. It begins with a discussion of the paradigm wars between positivism and constructivism, explains the difference between using mixed methods in just the research methodology portion of a study versus using mixed model studies across all phases of the process, and then presents a typology of mixed methods and mixed model studies. DA - 1998/06/24/ PY - 1998 DP - Google Books SP - 204 LA - en PB - SAGE SN - 978-0-7619-0071-9 ST - Mixed Methodology KW - Social Science / Research ER - TY - JOUR TI - Gender differences in parental investment in education AU - Alderman, Harold AU - King, Elizabeth M. T2 - Structural Change and Economic Dynamics AB - The gender gap in schooling is puzzling given that the expected returns to an individual for increased schooling — as measured by proportional wage increments — does not differ by gender. This paper explores possible explanations for the disparity using a model of parental investment in children. The model allows for differences in investments due to differences in costs — including the opportunity cost of the child's labor as well as school fees and availability. Moreover, it indicates that disparities in investment could come through differences in returns realized by parents, for example, in the probability of transfers from children to parents or in the degree of sympathy or altruism, even when market returns to the children themselves do not differ. While it is difficult to distinguish these different explanations empirically, the paper reviews available evidence and indicates interventions that governments can make to reduce the gender gap in education. DA - 1998/12/01/ PY - 1998 DO - 10.1016/S0954-349X(98)00040-X DP - ScienceDirect VL - 9 IS - 4 SP - 453 EP - 468 J2 - Structural Change and Economic Dynamics LA - en SN - 0954-349X UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0954349X9800040X Y2 - 2022/03/04/14:02:56 KW - Gender disparities KW - Schooling investments ER - TY - JOUR TI - Home Computers and School Performance AU - Attewell, Paul AU - Battle, Juan T2 - The Information Society DA - 1999/02// PY - 1999 DO - 10.1080/019722499128628 DP - DOI.org (Crossref) VL - 15 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 10 J2 - The Information Society LA - en SN - 0197-2243, 1087-6537 UR - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/019722499128628 Y2 - 2021/02/19/09:22:32 ER - TY - JOUR TI - Applying Systems Design Principles to the Design of Web-Based Training Systems AU - Bettin, Antje AU - Dillinger, Lisa AU - Ferraro, Sal AU - St-Pierre, Armand T2 - WebNet Journal: Internet Technologies, Applications & Issues AB - The Web is a popular platform for training educators and learners in educational systems. We find several Web-based training systems that are developed by enterprises that try to train teachers and students to use Web technologies in educational settings. The purpose of this article is to apply systems design principles to the design of Web-based training systems for teachers and learners. Several issues will be addressed in this paper such as the development of an Integrated Learning Community System (ILCS) for a better learning environment, the Quality Assurance / Audience Analysis /... DA - 1999/// PY - 1999 DP - www.learntechlib.org VL - 1 IS - 3 SP - 28 EP - 33 LA - en SN - 1522-192X UR - https://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/8047/ Y2 - 2021/02/17/07:02:49 KW - ⛔ No DOI found ER - TY - JOUR TI - Complexity and post-modernism: Understanding complex systems AU - Cilliers, Paul AU - Spurrett, David T2 - South African Journal of Philosophy DA - 1999/// PY - 1999 DP - Google Scholar VL - 18 IS - 2 SP - 258 EP - 274 ST - Complexity and post-modernism KW - ❓ Multiple DOI ER - TY - JOUR TI - Research framework and dimensions for evaluating the effectiveness of educational technology systems on learning outcomes AU - Jones, Trevor H. AU - Rocco, Paolucci T2 - Journal of Research on Computing in Education DA - 1999/// PY - 1999 DP - Google Scholar VL - 32 IS - 1 SP - 17 EP - 27 KW - ❓ Multiple DOI ER - TY - RPRT TI - Form and Substance in Mathematics and Science Professional Development AU - Kennedy, Mary M AB - This document reviews studies of professional development for teachers to examine benefits to students in science and mathematics education. A major finding from this review was that programs that focused on teaching classroom management strategies or attaining knowledge of how students learn specific school subject matter provided later benefits to students. The more successful professional development programs were not simply courses in mathematics or science, but instead were about what to teach and how students learn that subject matter. DA - 1999/// PY - 1999 DP - Zotero SP - 10 LA - en PB - National Institute for Science Education, University of Wisconsin-Madison UR - https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED435552.pdf ER - TY - BOOK TI - Introduction to systems thinking AU - Kim, Daniel H. DA - 1999/// PY - 1999 DP - Google Scholar VL - 16 PB - Pegasus Communications Waltham, MA ER - TY - BOOK TI - Human Development in Asia 1999: The Crisis of Governance AU - Mahbub ul Haq Human Development Centre T2 - Human development in South Asia CY - Oxford DA - 1999/// PY - 1999 DP - Gemeinsamer Bibliotheksverbund ISBN SP - 208 LA - en M1 - 1999 PB - Oxford University Press SN - 978-0-19-579306-2 978-0-19-579305-5 UR - https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Human_Development_in_South_Asia_1999.html?id=n9XsAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y ER - TY - BOOK TI - Needs-based resource allocation in education: via formula funding of schools A3 - Ross, Kenneth N. A3 - Levačić, Rosalind A3 - International Institute for Educational Planning CN - MLCM 2006/10926 CY - Paris DA - 1999/// PY - 1999 DP - Library of Congress ISBN SP - 257 PB - UNESCO, International Institute for Educational Planning SN - 978-92-803-1171-6 978-92-803-1183-9 ST - Needs-based resource allocation in education UR - https://www.iiep.unesco.org/en/publication/needs-based-resource-allocation-education-formula-funding-schools KW - Allocation Education KW - Education KW - Education and state KW - Finance ER - TY - JOUR TI - The impact of education technology on student achievement: What the most current research has to say. AU - Schacter, John DA - 1999/// PY - 1999 DP - Google Scholar ST - The impact of education technology on student achievement KW - ⛔ No DOI found ER - TY - JOUR TI - The new dynamics of strategy AU - Snowden, David T2 - IBM Systems Journal AB - The new dynamics of strategy DA - 1999/// PY - 1999 DP - www.academia.edu LA - en UR - https://www.academia.edu/522195/The_new_dynamics_of_strategy Y2 - 2021/01/07/10:12:27 KW - ⛔ No DOI found ER - TY - JOUR TI - Supporting untrained teachers in Malawi AU - Kunje, Demis AU - Stuart, Janet T2 - International Journal of Educational Development AB - In the aftermath of the introduction of free primary education in Malawi, 17 000 untrained teachers were recruited to meet the new demand for schooling. This article reports a study carried out to investigate how the new recruits were coping and how far the schools were able to provide informal on-the-job training. It also describes how action research was introduced to help heads and both qualified and unqualified teachers to improve their own practice. Conclusions are drawn about the feasibility of school-based training in Malawi. DA - 1999/03/01/ PY - 1999 DO - 10.1016/S0738-0593(98)00006-6 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 19 IS - 2 SP - 157 EP - 166 J2 - International Journal of Educational Development LA - en SN - 0738-0593 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0738059398000066 Y2 - 2020/05/16/16:03:59 ER - TY - JOUR TI - The impact of coaching in South African primary science InSET AU - Harvey, Stephen T2 - International Journal of Educational Development AB - This article presents evidence from an evaluation conducted by the Primary Science Programme (PSP) in South Africa, concerning the impact of classroom-based coaching on the teaching methods used by primary science teachers. The methods used by teachers provided with both workshops and classroom-based coaching were compared with those used by teachers who received workshops only and a control group who received no InSET at all. The findings showed that teachers who received coaching made substantial changes, whereas most teachers who received workshops-only remained similar to the control group. A social constructivist approach is adopted in interpreting these findings. The implications of this study for designing effective InSET in developing countries are also discussed. DA - 1999/05// PY - 1999 DO - 10.1016/s0738-0593(99)00012-7 DP - ScienceDirect VL - 19 IS - 3 SP - 191 EP - 205 J2 - International Journal of Educational Development SN - 0738-0593 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0738059399000127 Y2 - 2016/03/28/12:49:13 KW - Constructivism KW - In-service training KW - Leader teachers KW - Primary science KW - South Africa KW - Teacher education ER - TY - BOOK TI - Whose Reality Counts?: Putting the first last AU - Chambers, Robert AB - In this sequel to Rural Development: Putting the last first Robert Chambers argues that central issues in development have been overlooked, and that many past errors have flowed from domination by those with power. Through analysing experience - of past mistakes and myths, and of the continuing methodological revolution of PRA (participatory rural appraisal) - the author points towards solutions. In many countries, urban and rural people alike have shown an astonishing ability to express and analyse their local, complex and diverse realities which are often at odds with the top-down realities imposed by professionals. The author argues that personal, professional and institutional change is essential if the realities of the poor are to receive greater recognition. Whose Reality Counts? presents a radical challenge to all concerned with development, whether practitioners, researchers or policy-makers, in all organizations and disciplines, and at all levels from fieldworkers to the heads of agencies.This is a thought-provoking book and it would interest all those concerned with the realities of the poor in the developing world. DA - 1999/06/17/ PY - 1999 PB - Practical Action Publishing ER - TY - JOUR TI - Reading as an Access to Mathematics Problem Solving on Multiple-Choice Tests for Sixth-Grade Students AU - Helwig, Robert AU - Rozek-tedesco, Marick A. AU - Tindal, Gerald AU - Heath, Bill AU - Almond, Patricia J. T2 - The Journal of Educational Research AB - The effect of providing middle school students with a video accommodation for a standardized mathematics test was examined. Two hundred forty-seven students were asked to solve 60 word problems. One half of the questions were presented in standard form, while the other half were read by an actor on a video monitor. Students were grouped according to mathematics and reading ability. A test accommodation effect was found for students possessing below-average mathematics skills. The problems were identified as having relatively high reading difficulty according to word count, number of verbs, and word familiarity. Students with above-average mathematics proficiency but low reading skill performed better when the questions were presented in video format. This accommodation may be useful on specific test items for students with certain reading deficiencies. DA - 1999/11/01/ PY - 1999 DO - 10.1080/00220679909597635 DP - Taylor and Francis+NEJM VL - 93 IS - 2 SP - 113 EP - 125 SN - 0022-0671 UR - https://doi.org/10.1080/00220679909597635 Y2 - 2020/08/05/15:46:00 ER -