Introducing: A political economy framework for EdTech evidence uptake - Pellini, Arnaldo; Nicolai, Susan; Kreimeia, Adam; Wilson, Sam (EdTech Hub, 2021)
“Without context, words and actions have no meaning at all”  – Gregory Bateson Evidence only makes a difference if it is used. While the EdTech field suffers from significant gaps in knowledge, more research won’t mean much unless it can be used to inform policy and decision-making. And to do this, an understanding of the context and of how individuals…
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _zenodoETH

A Political Economy Analysis Framework for EdTech Evidence Uptake - Pellini, Arnaldo; Nicolai, Susan; Magee, Arran; Sharp, Sam; Wilson, Sam (EdTech Hub, 2021)
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _GS:indexed; _MELA_seen; _cover:v3; _r:CopiedFromEvLib; _zenodo:submitted; _zenodoETH

A Political Economy Analysis Framework for EdTech Evidence Uptake - Pellini, Arnaldo; Nicolai, Susan; Magee, Arran; Sharp, Sam; Wilson, Sam (Zenodo, 2021)
[No description available.]

Knowledge, Politics and Policymaking in Indonesia - Pellini, Arnaldo; Prasetiamartati, Budiati; Nugroho, Kharisma Priyo; Jackson, Elisabeth; Carden, Fred (Springer, 2018)
This edited volume examines key questions about evidence-informed policymaking in Indonesia. It draws on insights and evidence acquired through the implementation of the Knowledge Sector Initiative, a donor-funded programme that aims to increase the demand for and use of evidence in policymaking in Indonesia. Featuring contributions from academics, policy researchers, policymakers and development practitioners, the volume will deepen readers’ understanding of how knowledge and politics shape the policymaking process in Indonesia. As such, it will be of interest to Indonesian and international researchers, academics, students, practitioners and policymakers concerned with various aspects of evidence-informed policymaking research and processes. In particular, regional and international development practitioners and development partners interested in learning from Indonesia’s efforts to improve how evidence is used to address key development challenges will find this volume valuable.
Keywords: Political Science / Political Process / General; Political Science / Public Affairs & Administration; Political Science / Public Policy / General; Social Science / Developing & Emerging Countries; Social Science / Sociology / General

Notes for the political economy analysis design workshop for the Strengthening the Use of Evidence for Development Impact (SEDI) project in Pakistan - Pellini, Arnaldo; Shaxson, Louise; Rocha Menocal, A (ODI, 2019)

A Literature Review of Digital Literacy over Two Decades - Peng, Danhua; Yu, Zhonggen (2022)
A Literature Review of Digital Literacy over Two Decades: The COVID-19 pandemic has forced online learning to be a “new normal” during the past three years, which highly emphasizes students’ improved digital literacy. This study aims to present a literature review of students’ digital literacy. Grounded on about twenty journal articles and other related publications from the Web of Science Core Collection, this paper focused on the definition of digital literacy; the factors affecting students’ digital literacy (age, gender, family socioeconomic status, and parent’s education level); the relationship between students’ digital literacy and their self-control, technostress, and engagement; and the three approaches to gauge the level of students’ digital literacy. The study also provided some advice for educators and policymakers. Finally, the limitations and implications were presented.

Organizing research and development at the intersection of learning, implementation, and design - Penuel, W. R.; Fishman, B. J.; Haugan Cheng, B.; Sabelli, N. (Educational Researcher, 2011)

Negotiating problems of practice in research–practice design partnerships - Penuel, William R.; Coburn, Cynthia E.; Gallagher, Daniel J. (Teachers College Record, 2013)
This chapter focuses on how researchers and practitioners negotiate the focus of their joint work within design-based implementation research (DBIR). Studying and facilitating successful negotiation of the problems that become the focus of work and the search for solutions is important for developing DBIR, because of its commitment to focusing on persistent problems of practice from multiple stakeholders’ perspectives. Case studies of two different research–practice partnerships provide a context for exploring two different perspectives on negotiation. In one case study, the notion of partnerships as forms of cultural exchange across institutional boundaries that differ with respect to goals, norms, and practices is used to analyze a design partnership focused on repurposing curriculum units in elementary science. In the second case study, the concept of framing as developed in social movement theory is used to illuminate issues of status and authority within a partnership between a district and researchers. The chapter concludes by describing the contributions of each perspective to an understanding of how teams jointly negotiate the focus of their work and by providing some recommendations for how teams can do so successfully.

Review of 'Continued progress: Promising evidence on personalized learning' - Penuel, William R.; Johnson, Raymond (National Education Policy Center, 2016)

100 Women: 'We can't teach girls of the future with books of the past' - Perasso, Valeria (BBC News, 2017)
Research suggests women are either written off or portrayed in stereotypes roles in primary school textbooks from all over the world.

Mitigating threats to girls’ education in conflict-affected contexts: current practice - Pereznieto, Paola; Magee, Arran; Fyles, Nora (2017)
This report, co-produced by ODI and UNGEI, investigates girls’ access to education in conflict settings

Millions learning: Scaling up quality education in developing countries - Perlman Robinson, Jenny; Winthrop, Rebecca (Brookings Institute, 2016)

The Digital Divide - Peroni, M.; Bartolo, Michelangelo (Multidisciplinary Teleconsultation in Developing Countries, 2018)
The digital divide, at a worldwide level, as well as at a regional level, is still a reality. However, over the last few years, the Internet and digital technologies have spread surprisingly fast, above all in their use through mobile telephone networks, and they have new users every year, even in the less developed countries, like in Africa. The installation of new underwater optic fibre cables surrounding Africa, with an increasing capacity for data transmission, has brought down the costs of interconnection with the global Internet backbones. Up to a few years ago, these connections were only possible through the satellite network, which are far more expensive for the local providers, and these high costs inevitably affect the end users. These services can now be offered at prices that more and more people can afford in Africa, which was and still is the continent that is most affected by the phenomenon of the digital divide.
Keywords: Digital divide; Optic fibre connections; Satellite Internet connection

Increasing student engagement, self-efficacy, and meta-cognitive self-regulation in the high school geometry classroom: do iPads help? - Perry, David R.; Steck, Andy K. (Computers in the Schools, 2015)
Teachers are increasingly integrating mobile digital technology into the classroom. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of incorporating iPads in a secondary-level geometry course on academic achievement, student engagement, self-efficacy, and meta-cognitive self-regulation. Students in the iPad-using classroom experienced lower levels of geometry proficiency scores, higher levels of off-task behaviors, and similar levels of self-efficacy and meta-cognitive self-regulation compared to the non-iPad group. However, the results may have been affected by several latent variables that can be controlled for in future research.
Keywords: geometry; iPad; meta-cognitive self-regulation; mobile technology; self-efficacy

Teacher Education Modality Rapid Review, Modes, Affordances and Evidence on Remote and Blended Initial and Continuing Teacher Education - Perry, Dr Thomas; Findon, Dr Madeleine; Braim, Dr Benjamin; Davison, Dr Ian; Whatmore, Dr Tracy; Cottle, Dan; Anbreen, Noshaba; Cordingley, Philippa; Crisp, Bart (STEM Learning, University of Birmingham, 2020)

Television, Language, and Literacy Practices in Sudanese Refugee Families: "I learned how to spell English on Channel 18" - Perry, Kristen H.; Moses, Annie M. (Research in the Teaching of English, 2011)
This ethnographic study explored the ways in which media, particularly television, connected with English language and literacy practices among Sudanese refugees in Michigan. Three families with young children participated in this study. Data collection included participant observation, interviews, and collection of artifacts over 18 months, with a focus on television events as the units of analysis. Data analysis focused on television practices connected with literacy practices for adults and children. Results indicated that television offered important cultural connections with participants' beliefs, values, and attitudes regarding their Sudanese heritage, the new U.S. context, and religious practices. Both adults and children believed television was an important resource for learning and recognized potential problems with too much viewing. Most significantly, analysis suggested important connections between television practices and the development of both English language abilities for all family members and the development of real-world literacy practices, especially for the children.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

The Waterfall Model in Large-Scale Development | SpringerLink - Petersen, Kai; Wohlin, Claes; Baca, Dejan (2009)

EQUIP-Tanzania Impact Evaluation. Final Baseline Technical Report, Volume I: Results and Discussion - Pettersson, Gunilla; Rawle, Georgina; Outhred, Rachel; Brockerhoff, Stephanie; Nugroho, Dita; Kveder, Andrej; Beavis, Adrian; Ruddle, Nicola; Jasper, Paul; Wills, Gabrielle (Oxford Policy Management, 2017)

Systematic reviews in the social sciences: A practical guide - Petticrew, Mark; Roberts, Helen (Systematic reviews in the social sciences: A practical guide, 2006)
This book is a guide to planning and conducting a particular type of literature review, one that is increasingly used as a scientific tool: the systematic literature review. The book is aimed at social science researchers, but it provides a more general discussion of systematic reviews for those who want to use and understand them, but don't necessarily want to do one themselves. Most of the recent interest in systematic reviews focuses on reviews of the effectiveness of interventions, reflected in the growth of initiatives like the Campbell and Cochrane Collaborations. This book therefore focuses on reviews of effectiveness, but not exclusively. Systematic reviews are also widely used to synthesize other sorts of evidence, for example in order to answer questions about etiology (causes of problems), or about people's experiences, and we discuss and present examples of such reviews. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Literature Review; Social Sciences

A practical guide to multilevel modeling - Peugh, James L. (Journal of School Psychology, 2010)
Collecting data from students within classrooms or schools, and collecting data from students on multiple occasions over time, are two common sampling methods used in educational research that often require multilevel modeling (MLM) data analysis techniques to avoid Type-1 errors. The purpose of this article is to clarify the seven major steps involved in a multilevel analysis: (1) clarifying the research question, (2) choosing the appropriate parameter estimator, (3) assessing the need for MLM, (4) building the level-1 model, (5) building the level-2 model, (6) multilevel effect size reporting, and (7) likelihood ratio model testing. The seven steps are illustrated with both a cross-sectional and a longitudinal MLM example from the National Educational Longitudinal Study (NELS) dataset. The goal of this article is to assist applied researchers in conducting and interpreting multilevel analyses and to offer recommendations to guide the reporting of MLM analysis results. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Classrooms; Data Collection; Schools; Simulation

How teachers are using technology at home and in their classrooms - Pew (Pew Research, 2013)

Improving teacher professional development for online and blended learning: a systematic meta-aggregative review - Philipsen, Brent; Tondeur, Jo; Pareja Roblin, Natalie; Vanslambrouck, Silke; Zhu, Chang (Educational Technology Research and Development, 2019)
In order to fully realise the potential of online and blended learning (OBL), teacher professional development (TPD) strategies on how to teach in an online or blended learning environment are needed. While many studies examine the effects of TPD strategies, fewer studies target the specific important components of these strategies. This study addresses that gap by conducting a systematic review of qualitative data consisting of 15 articles on TPD that targets OBL. Using a meta-aggregative approach, six different synthesised findings were identified and integrated into a visual framework of the key components of TPD for OBL. These synthesised findings are the base for the action recommendations which present specific and contextualised suggestions. Taken together, the findings can inform in-service teachers and trainers, together with further research and development efforts that are concerned with TPD for OBL.

Contextualising the Use of Digital Technologies - Phillips, Michael (2016)
This chapter reflects on the often uncritical debates about educational policy and the use of digital technologies by schoolteachers that have persisted over the past 30 years. Most commentators have tended to approach digital technology in unrealistic terms—either as having the potential to completely transform schools for the better or herald their imminent demise. This chapter examines these polarised ways of thinking, highlighting a failure to account for the complex, compromised and often ‘messy’ realities of classroom technology used by schoolteachers. This argument emphasises that critical considerations of the knowledge required by teachers and the context in which they work are necessary to understand the complexity of teachers’ technology (non) use. Discussion in the second half of the chapter highlights the need to reconsider ‘knowledge’ and ‘context’ as contested terms that are pivotal in examining educational technology policy and practice. Through the introduction of technological, pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK) framework, the reader is provided with a theoretical lens through which the notions of knowledge and context can be critically explored.

Digital technology governance: developing countries’ priorities and concerns - Phillips, Toby; Kira, Beatriz; Tartakowsky, Andrea; Dolan, Jonathan; Natih, Putu (2020)

Computer Aided Systems Theory-EUROCAST'89: A Selection of Papers from the International Workshop EUROCAST'89, Las Palmas, Spain, February 26-March 4, 1989. Proceedings - Pichler, Franz; Moreno-Diaz, Roberto (Springer Science & Business Media, 1990)

CAST methods in modelling: Computer aided systems theory for the design of intelligent machines - Pichler, Franz; Schwaertzel, Heinz (Springer Science & Business Media, 2012)

‘Digital welfare state’: big tech allowed to target and surveil the poor, UN is warned - Pilkington, Ed (the Guardian, 2019)
UN’s rapporteur on extreme poverty says in devastating account big tech companies are being allowed to go unregulated in ‘human rights free-zones’

Factors that motivate teachers to use ICT in teaching: A case of Kaliua District secondary schools in Tanzania - Pima, John Marco (The International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology (IJEDICT), 2019)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Malaysia Data Protection Overview - Ping, Jillian Chia Yan (DataGuidance, 2021)
June 2021 1. Governing Texts Data protection in Malaysia is primarily governed by the Personal Data Protection Act 2010 ('PDPA') and its subsidiary legislation as outlined below. The PDPA purports to safeguard personal data by requiring data users to comply with certain obligations and conferring certain rights to the data subject in relation to his personal data. 1.1. Key acts, regulations, directives, bills Primary Legislation Prior to 2010, the regulation of personal data was governed mainly by industry specific legislation.

Making Schools Inclusive How change can happen - Pinnock, H; Lewis, I (Save the Children UK, 2008)

QALY-based cost-effectiveness analysis - Pinto-Prades,, J. L; Herrero, C; Abellán, J. M (The Oxford Handbook of Well-Being and Public Policy, 2016)

USAID/Kenya Primary Math and Reading (PRIMR) Initiative: Kisumu Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Intervention. Endline Report. - Piper, B.; Kwayumba, D. (Research Triangle Institute (RTI), 2014)

Structured Pedagogy Literature Review - Piper, Ben; Dubeck, Margaret M. (Science of Teaching for Foundational Literacy and Numeracy, 2020)

Implementing large scale instructional technology in Kenya | RTI - Piper, Ben; Oyanga, A; Meija, J; Pouezevara, S (2017)

Multilingual Literacy Skill Development in Kenya: Results from Medium Scale Randomized Controlled Trials. - Piper, Benjamin (Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2016)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Reading Skill Transfer across Languages: Outcomes from Longitudinal Bilingual Randomized Control Trials in Kenya and Haiti. - Piper, Benjamin; Bulat, Jennae; Johnston, Andrew (Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2015)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Scaling up successfully: Lessons from Kenya’s Tusome national literacy program - Piper, Benjamin; Destefano, Joseph; Kinyanjui, Esther M.; Ong’ele, Salome (Journal of Educational Change, 2018)
Many successful piloted programs fail when scaled up to a national level. In Kenya, which has a long history of particularly ineffective implementation after successful pilot programs, the Tusome national literacy program—which receives funding from the United States Agency for International Development—is a national-level scale-up of previous literacy and numeracy programs. We applied a scaling framework (Crouch and DeStefano in Doing reform differently: combining rigor and practicality in implementation and evaluation of system reforms. International development group working paper no. 2017-01, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, 2017. https://www.rti.org/publication/doing-reform-differently-combining-rigor-and-practicality-implementation-and-evaluation) to examine whether Tusome’s implementation was rolled out in ways that would enable government structures and officers to respond effectively to the new program. We found that Tusome was able to clarify expectations for implementation and outcomes nationally using benchmarks for Kiswahili and English learning outcomes, and that these expectations were communicated all the way down to the school level. We noted that the essential program inputs were provided fairly consistently, across the nation. In addition, our analyses showed that Kenya developed functional, if simple, accountability and feedback mechanisms to track performance against benchmark expectations. We also established that the Tusome feedback data were utilized to encourage greater levels of instructional support within Kenya’s county level structures for education quality support. The results indicated that several of the key elements for successful scale-up were therefore put in place. However, we also discovered that Tusome failed to fully exploit the available classroom observational data to better target instructional support. In the context of this scaling framework, the Tusome literacy program’s external evaluation results showed program impacts of 0.6–1.0 standard deviations on English and Kiswahili learning outcomes. The program implemented a functional classroom observational feedback system through existing government systems, although usage of those systems varied widely across Kenya. Classroom visits, even if still falling short of the desired rate, were far more frequent, were focused on instructional quality, and included basic feedback and advice to teachers. These findings are promising with respect to the ability of countries facing quality problems to implement a coherent instructional reform through government systems at scale.
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

Scaling up successfully: Lessons from Kenya’s Tusome national literacy program - Piper, Benjamin; Destefano, Joseph; Kinyanjui, Esther M.; Ong’ele, Salome (Journal of Educational Change, 2018)
Many successful piloted programs fail when scaled up to a national level. In Kenya, which has a long history of particularly ineffective implementation after successful pilot programs, the Tusome national literacy program—which receives funding from the United States Agency for International Development—is a national-level scale-up of previous literacy and numeracy programs. We applied a scaling framework (Crouch and DeStefano in Doing reform differently: combining rigor and practicality in implementation and evaluation of system reforms. International development group working paper no. 2017-01, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, 2017. https://www.rti.org/publication/doing-reform-differently-combining-rigor-and-practicality-implementation-and-evaluation) to examine whether Tusome’s implementation was rolled out in ways that would enable government structures and officers to respond effectively to the new program. We found that Tusome was able to clarify expectations for implementation and outcomes nationally using benchmarks for Kiswahili and English learning outcomes, and that these expectations were communicated all the way down to the school level. We noted that the essential program inputs were provided fairly consistently, across the nation. In addition, our analyses showed that Kenya developed functional, if simple, accountability and feedback mechanisms to track performance against benchmark expectations. We also established that the Tusome feedback data were utilized to encourage greater levels of instructional support within Kenya’s county level structures for education quality support. The results indicated that several of the key elements for successful scale-up were therefore put in place. However, we also discovered that Tusome failed to fully exploit the available classroom observational data to better target instructional support. In the context of this scaling framework, the Tusome literacy program’s external evaluation results showed program impacts of 0.6–1.0 standard deviations on English and Kiswahili learning outcomes. The program implemented a functional classroom observational feedback system through existing government systems, although usage of those systems varied widely across Kenya. Classroom visits, even if still falling short of the desired rate, were far more frequent, were focused on instructional quality, and included basic feedback and advice to teachers. These findings are promising with respect to the ability of countries facing quality problems to implement a coherent instructional reform through government systems at scale.
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

Scaling up successfully: Lessons from Kenya’s Tusome national literacy program - Piper, Benjamin; Destefano, Joseph; Kinyanjui, Esther M.; Ong’ele, Salome (Journal of Educational Change, 2018)
Many successful piloted programs fail when scaled up to a national level. In Kenya, which has a long history of particularly ineffective implementation after successful pilot programs, the Tusome national literacy program—which receives funding from the United States Agency for International Development—is a national-level scale-up of previous literacy and numeracy programs. We applied a scaling framework (Crouch and DeStefano in Doing reform differently: combining rigor and practicality in implementation and evaluation of system reforms. International development group working paper no. 2017-01, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, 2017. https://www.rti.org/publication/doing-reform-differently-combining-rigor-and-practicality-implementation-and-evaluation) to examine whether Tusome’s implementation was rolled out in ways that would enable government structures and officers to respond effectively to the new program. We found that Tusome was able to clarify expectations for implementation and outcomes nationally using benchmarks for Kiswahili and English learning outcomes, and that these expectations were communicated all the way down to the school level. We noted that the essential program inputs were provided fairly consistently, across the nation. In addition, our analyses showed that Kenya developed functional, if simple, accountability and feedback mechanisms to track performance against benchmark expectations. We also established that the Tusome feedback data were utilized to encourage greater levels of instructional support within Kenya’s county level structures for education quality support. The results indicated that several of the key elements for successful scale-up were therefore put in place. However, we also discovered that Tusome failed to fully exploit the available classroom observational data to better target instructional support. In the context of this scaling framework, the Tusome literacy program’s external evaluation results showed program impacts of 0.6–1.0 standard deviations on English and Kiswahili learning outcomes. The program implemented a functional classroom observational feedback system through existing government systems, although usage of those systems varied widely across Kenya. Classroom visits, even if still falling short of the desired rate, were far more frequent, were focused on instructional quality, and included basic feedback and advice to teachers. These findings are promising with respect to the ability of countries facing quality problems to implement a coherent instructional reform through government systems at scale.
Keywords: Evaluation; Implementation; Literacy; National; Reading; Reform; Systems

Pro-Poor PRIMR: Improving Early Literacy Skills for Children from Low-Income Families in Kenya - Piper, Benjamin; Jepkemei, Evelyn; Kibukho, Kennedy (Africa Education Review, 2015)
Children from low-income families are at risk of learning outcome difficulties, particularly in literacy. Various studies link poor literacy results with performance later in primary and secondary school, and suggest that poverty, literacy skills and weak instructional methods combine to drastically limit the educational opportunities for many poor children. The Primary Math and Reading (PRIMR) Initiative was designed to support the learning gains of Class 1 and 2 pupils in seven counties across Kenya. PRIMR uses a randomised controlled trial design to establish the effect of its intervention and employs basic literacy measures to estimate causal effects. This study shows that PRIMR has been effective for children from low-income families and that early literacy interventions can mitigate socio-economic effects. The findings suggest that efforts to improve literacy outcomes for the poor should begin early in primary school. Strategies for ensuring that instruction is equitable across socio-economic status are advocated.
Keywords: Achievement Gains; Causal Models; Control Groups; Early Intervention; Early Reading; Educational Improvement; Effect Size; Emergent Literacy; Experimental Groups; Foreign Countries; Grade 1; Grade 2; Low Income Students; Oral Reading; Poverty; Randomized Controlled Trials; Reading Comprehension; Reading Fluency; Reading Tests; Regression (Statistics); School Effectiveness; Skill Development; Socioeconomic Status

Kenya’s ICT policy in practice: The effectiveness of tablets and e-readers in improving student outcomes - Piper, Benjamin; Jepkemei, Evelyn; Kwayumba, Dunston; Kibukho, Kennedy (FIRE: Forum for International Research in Education, 2015)
Kenya is investing in information and communication technology (ICT) to improve children's learning outcomes. However, the literature on ICT is pessimistic about the ability of ICT alone to improve outcomes, and few ICT programs have created the instructional change necessary to increase learning. The Primary Math and Reading (PRIMR) Initiative implemented a randomized controlled trial of three ICT interventions to enhance learning outcomes: tablets for instructional supervisors, tablets for teachers, and e-readers for students. All three showed significant impacts in English and Kiswahili above the results of the control group. The impacts of the three interventions were not statistically significantly different from each other. Based on the findings, we recommend that Kenyan policy makers embed ICT interventions in a larger instructional reform, using ICT to support particular instructional improvement challenges. We also suggest that policy makers incorporate empirically derived cost-effectiveness analysis into investment decisions, to ensure that ICT provides value for money.
Keywords: African Languages; Control Groups; Cost Effectiveness; ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE); Educational Policy; Educational Practices; Elementary Secondary Education; English (Second Language); Experimental Groups; Foreign Countries; Handheld Devices; Intervention; Kenya; Literacy; Outcomes of Education; Program Effectiveness; Randomized Controlled Trials; Reading Achievement; Student Improvement; Technology Uses in Education; __:import:01; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2096974; ___working_potential_duplicate; __finaldtb

The Primary Math and Reading Initiative (PRIMR) - Piper, Benjamin; Kwayumba, Dunston (2014)

Implementing large-scale instructional technology in Kenya: Changing instructional practice and developing accountability in a National Education System - Piper, Benjamin; Oyanga, Arbogast; Mejia, Jessica; Pouezevara, Sarah (International Journal of Education and Development using ICT, 2017)
Previous large-scale education technology interventions have shown only modest results. Building on results from an earlier randomized controlled trial of three different applications of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on primary education in Kenya, the Tusome Early Grade Reading Activity developed a national tablets program. The program provides tablets to each of more than 1200 instructional coaches in the country and includes a national database of classroom quality, which is used by the education system to monitor education quality. The tablets program helps coaches to...
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Implementing large-scale instructional technology in Kenya: Changing instructional practice and developing accountability in a national education system - Piper, Benjamin; Oyanga, Arbogast; Mejia, Jessica; Pouezevara, Sarah (International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology, 2017)
Previous large-scale education technology interventions have shown only modest impacts on student achievement. Building on results from an earlier randomized controlled trial of three different applications of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on primary education in Kenya, the Tusome Early Grade Reading Activity developed the National Tablets Program. The National Tablets Program is integrated into the Tusome activity by providing tablets to each of more than 1,200 instructional coaches in the country to use when they visit teachers. This enables a national database of classroom instructional quality, which is used by the education system to monitor overall education quality. The tools provided on the tablets are designed to help coaches increase the quality of their instructional support to teachers, and deepen the shallow accountability structures in Kenya’s education system. Using results of a national survey, we investigated the ability of the National Tablets Program to increase the number of classroom observations done by coaches and to improve student learning outcomes. Survey results showed high levels of tablet program utilization, increased accountability, and improvements in learning outcomes. We share recommendations regarding large-scale ICT interventions and literacy programs.
Keywords: Accountability; C:Kenya; Classrooms; Clinical trials; Developing countries--LDCs; Digital divide; Digital literacy; ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE); Education; Education reform; Educational Practices; Educational Quality; Educational Technology; Educational technology; Foreign Countries; Handheld Devices; Initiatives; Intervention; Interviews; Kenya; Learning; Literacy; Literacy programs; Literature reviews; Maine; National Surveys; Observation; Outcomes of Education; Portugal; Quality; Questionnaires; Reading; Schools; Software; South Korea; Statistical Analysis; Statistical Significance; Students; Teachers; Teaching; Technology Uses in Education; Telecommunications; Texas; Turkey; Uruguay; __:import:01; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2096038; __finaldtb; ⛔ No DOI found

Implementing large-scale instructional technology in Kenya: Changing instructional practice and developing accountability in a national education system - Piper, Benjamin; Oyanga, Arbogast; Mejia, Jessica; Pouezevara, Sarah (International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology, 2017)
Previous large-scale education technology interventions have shown only modest impacts on student achievement. Building on results from an earlier randomized controlled trial of three different applications of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on primary education in Kenya, the Tusome Early Grade Reading Activity developed the National Tablets Program. The National Tablets Program is integrated into the Tusome activity by providing tablets to each of more than 1,200 instructional coaches in the country to use when they visit teachers. This enables a national database of classroom instructional quality, which is used by the education system to monitor overall education quality. The tools provided on the tablets are designed to help coaches increase the quality of their instructional support to teachers, and deepen the shallow accountability structures in Kenya’s education system. Using results of a national survey, we investigated the ability of the National Tablets Program to increase the number of classroom observations done by coaches and to improve student learning outcomes. Survey results showed high levels of tablet program utilization, increased accountability, and improvements in learning outcomes. We share recommendations regarding large-scale ICT interventions and literacy programs.
Keywords: Accountability; C:Kenya; Classrooms; Clinical trials; Developing countries--LDCs; Digital divide; Digital literacy; ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE); Education; Education reform; Educational Practices; Educational Quality; Educational Technology; Educational technology; Foreign Countries; Handheld Devices; Initiatives; Intervention; Interviews; Kenya; Learning; Literacy; Literacy programs; Literature reviews; Maine; National Surveys; Observation; Outcomes of Education; Portugal; Quality; Questionnaires; Reading; Schools; Software; South Korea; Statistical Analysis; Statistical Significance; Students; Teachers; Teaching; Technology Uses in Education; Telecommunications; Texas; Turkey; Uruguay; __:import:01; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2096038; __finaldtb; ⛔ No DOI found

Implementing large-scale instructional technology in Kenya: Changing instructional practice and developing accountability in a National Education System - Piper, Benjamin; Oyanga, Arbogast; Mejia, Jessica; Pouezevara, Sarah (International Journal of Education and Development using ICT, 2017)
Previous large-scale education technology interventions have shown only modest results. Building on results from an earlier randomized controlled trial of three different applications of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on primary education in Kenya, the Tusome Early Grade Reading Activity developed a national tablets program. The program provides tablets to each of more than 1200 instructional coaches in the country and includes a national database of classroom quality, which is used by the education system to monitor education quality. The tablets program helps coaches to...
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Improving procedural and conceptual mathematics outcomes: evidence from a randomised controlled trial in Kenya - Piper, Benjamin; Ralaingita, Wendi; Akach, Linda; King, Simon (Journal of Development Effectiveness, 2016)
To improve learning outcomes, an intervention in Kenya called the Primary Math and Reading (PRIMR) Initiative provided pupil learning materials, teachers’ guides and modest teacher professional development in mathematics. This paper presents the causal impact of PRIMR’s mathematics intervention on pupil achievement indices for procedural and conceptual numeracy, using a diﬀerences-in-diﬀerences analytic strategy. The mathematics intervention produced modest, statistically signiﬁcant results: generally similar results for males and females, a larger impact in grade 2 than grade 1, a larger impact in nongovernment schools than public schools, and smaller outcomes in mathematics than for English or Kiswahili. These ﬁndings have relevant policy implications in Kenya given an impending national mathematics programme.

Improving procedural and conceptual mathematics outcomes: evidence from a randomised controlled trial in Kenya - Piper, Benjamin; Ralaingita, Wendi; Akach, Linda; King, Simon (Journal of Development Effectiveness, 2016)
To improve learning outcomes, an intervention in Kenya called the Primary Math and Reading (PRIMR) Initiative provided pupil learning materials, teachers’ guides and modest teacher professional development in mathematics. This paper presents the causal impact of PRIMR’s mathematics intervention on pupil achievement indices for procedural and conceptual numeracy, using a differences-in-differences analytic strategy. The mathematics intervention produced modest, statistically significant results: generally similar results for males and females, a larger impact in grade 2 than grade 1, a larger impact in nongovernment schools than public schools, and smaller outcomes in mathematics than for English or Kiswahili. These findings have relevant policy implications in Kenya given an impending national mathematics programme.
Keywords: Kenya; Numeracy; elementary school; instruction; international education; mathematics

Identifying the essential ingredients to literacy and numeracy improvement: Teacher professional development and coaching, student textbooks, and structured teachers’ guides - Piper, Benjamin; Simmons Zuilkowski, Stephanie; Dubeck, Margaret; Jepkemei, Evelyn; King, Simon J. (World Development, 2018)
Several rigorously evaluated programs have recently shown positive effects on early literacy and numeracy outcomes in developing countries. However, these programs have not been designed to evaluate which ingredients of the interventions are most essential to improve literacy outcomes. Policy makers therefore lack evidence as to whether program ingredients such as teacher professional development (PD), instructional coaching, learner materials, teachers’ guides, community support, or technology are required for program impact. The Kenya Primary Math and Reading Initiative was a randomized controlled trial that compared three treatment groups with speciﬁc ingredients and a control group. Using literacy and numeracy outcome measures for grades 1 and 2, we evaluated the beneﬁts of the following ingredients: (1) teacher PD and teacher instructional support and coaching; (2) revised student books in literacy and numeracy, at a 1:1 ratio, added to PD and instructional support; and (3) structured teacher lesson plans added to student books, PD, and instructional support. We found that two of the three combinations of ingredients had statistically signiﬁcant positive impacts on learning outcomes. The results showed that the third combination—PD, teacher instructional support and coaching, 1:1 student books, and structured teacher lesson plans—was most effective. A cost-effectiveness analysis on the ingredients showed that the option of PD and instructional support, 1:1 revised books, and teachers’ guides was the most expensive, but that the additional impact on learning made this the most cost-effective intervention. This study rigorously analyzes which ingredients for literacy and numeracy improvement would be most effective for overall impact, and suggests to policy makers that careful decisions regarding program ingredients will lead to more effectively designed and implemented interventions to improve learning in developing countries.
Keywords: Africa; C:Kenya; Literacy; Numeracy; Program Evaluation; Program evaluation; Quantitative; Randomized controlled trial; Reading; Teacher Professional Development; ___working_potential_duplicate; numeracy; randomized control trial

Effectiveness of Teachers’ Guides in the Global South: Scripting, Learning Outcomes, and Classroom Utilization - Piper, Benjamin; Sitabkhan, Yasmin; Mejia, Jessica; Betts, Kellie (RTI Press, 2018)
This report presents the results of RTI International Education’s study on teachers' guides across 13 countries and 19 projects. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, we examine how teachers’ guides across the projects differ and find substantial variation in the design and structure of the documents. We develop a scripting index so that the scripting levels of the guides can be compared across projects. The impact results of the programs that use teachers’ guides show significant impacts on learning outcomes, associated with approximately an additional half year of learning, showing that structured teachers’ guides contribute to improved learning outcomes. During observations, we find that teachers make a variety of changes in their classroom instruction from how the guides are written, showing that the utilization of structured teachers’ guides do not create robotic teachers unable to use their own professional skills to teach children. Unfortunately, many changes that teachers make reduce the amount of group work and interactivity that was described in the guides, suggesting that programs should encourage teachers to more heavily utilize the instructional routines designed in the guide. The report includes a set of research-based guidelines that material developers can use to develop teachers’ guides that will support effective instructional practices and help improve learning outcomes. The key takeaway from the report is that structured teachers' guides improve learning outcomes, but that overly scripted teachers' guides are somewhat less effective than simplified teachers' guides that give specific guidance to the teacher but are not written word for word for each lesson in the guide.

Mathematics from the Beginning: Evaluating the Tayari Preprimary Program’s Impact on Early Mathematics Skills - Piper, Benjamin; Sitabkhan, Yasmin; Nderu, Evangeline (Global Education Review, 2018)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Mathematics from the beginning: Evaluating the Tayari preprimary program’s impact on early mathematics skills - Piper, Benjamin; Sitabkhan, Yasmin; Nderu, Evangeline (Global Education Review, 2018)
Given the dearth of research on early numeracy interventions in low- and middle-income countries, this paper presents the instructional methodology and impact results of the Tayari program. Tayari is a preprimary intervention in Kenya (2014–2019) that prepares children aged four and five for entry into primary school through materials for students, training for teachers, and continuous in-classroom support. Evidence points to the long-term benefits of developing an early foundation in mathematics. The few preprimary mathematics studies in sub-Saharan Africa have not described the instructional methodology in enough detail to add to our knowledge of best practices. The Tayari methodology was built on the Kenyan government’s preprimary syllabus to produce instruction that was developmentally sequenced, linked to out-of-school experiences, and supportive of children’s number sense. Tayari is evaluated using a randomized controlled trial (RCT) and collection of longitudinal data from 2,957 children in treatment and control schools at three time points. Pupil assessment items were drawn from a growing body of research on preprimary numeracy in developing contexts, plus instruments and techniques from the Measuring Early Learning and Quality Outcomes (MELQO) program (UNESCO, UNICEF, Brookings Institution, & World Bank Group, 2017). The endline impact evaluation of the longitudinal RCT results showed statistically significant effects in the numeracy tasks of producing sets, identifying numbers, and naming shapes, while revealing no initial effects in the areas of oral and mental addition. We present recommendations for Tayari’s improvement in terms of mathematics instruction, as well as preprimary policy implications for Kenya and similar contexts.
Keywords: Sub-Saharan Africa; ⛔ No DOI found

Implementing mother tongue instruction in the real world: Results from a medium-scale randomized controlled trial in Kenya - Piper, Benjamin; Zuilkowski, Stephanie S.; Ong’ele, Salome (Comparative Education Review, 2016)
Research in sub-Saharan Africa investigating the effect of mother tongue (MT) literacy instruction at medium scale is limited. A randomized controlled trial of MT literacy instruction was implemented in 2013 and 2014 as part of the Primary Math and Reading (PRIMR) Initiative in Kenya. We compare the effect of two treatment groups—the base PRIMR program teaching literacy in English and Kiswahili and the PRIMR-MT program, which taught literacy in English, Kiswahili, and mother tongue—in two different language environments. Implementation of the MT program faced challenges because many educators were not speakers of the languages, some communities resisted mother tongue instruction, and some areas were more language heterogeneous. Effect sizes on MT literacy averaged between 0.3 and 0.6 standard deviations. The base PRIMR program also increased MT learning outcomes in some measures but had smaller effects than the PRIMR-MT program in oral reading fluency and comprehension.

Teacher coaching in Kenya: Examining instructional support in public and nonformal schools - Piper, Benjamin; Zuilkowski, Stephanie Simmons (Teaching and Teacher Education, 2015)
Instructional coaching has improved student outcomes in the United States, and may help to solve Kenya's literacy problems. Coaching is costly, however, and evidence is lacking regarding the most cost-efficient teacher-to-coach ratio. We used student literacy outcome data from more than 8000 students participating in the Kenya Primary Math and Reading Initiative—a randomized controlled trial of instructional interventions in public and nonformal schools—to fill this gap. Coaches in larger public zones made fewer visits per teacher, and teacher-coach ratio and student performance were negatively associated. Using causal methods, we concluded that lower ratios might improve nonformal school outcomes.
Keywords: AWP2; C:Kenya; CitedIn:AKFC; CitedIn:OER4Schools-HHH3-B; Coaching; Instruction; Kenya; Literacy; PRIMR; professional development

Examining the secondary effects of mother-tongue literacy instruction in Kenya: Impacts on student learning in English, Kiswahili, and mathematics - Piper, Benjamin; Zuilkowski, Stephanie Simmons; Kwayumba, Dunston; Oyanga, Arbogast (International Journal of Educational Development, 2018)

Does technology improve reading outcomes? Comparing the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of ICT interventions for early grade reading in Kenya - Piper, Benjamin; Zuilkowski, Stephanie Simmons; Kwayumba, Dunston; Strigel, Carmen (International Journal of Educational Development, 2016)
Education policymakers are investing in information and communications technology (ICT) without a research base on how ICT improves outcomes. There is limited research on the effects of different types of ICT investments on outcomes. The Kenya Primary Math and Reading (PRIMR) study implemented a randomized controlled trial comparing the effects and cost of three interventions – e-readers for students, tablets for teachers, and the base PRIMR program with tablets for instructional supervisors. The results show that the ICT investments do not improve literacy outcomes significantly more than the base non-ICT instructional program. Our findings show that cost considerations should be paramount in selecting ICT investments in the education sector.
Keywords: Education policy; International education; Kenya; Literacy; Reading; Technology; __:import:01; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2457283; ___working_potential_duplicate; __finaldtb

Identifying the essential ingredients to literacy and numeracy improvement: teacher professional development and coaching, student textbooks, and structured teachers’ guides - Piper, Benjamin; Zuilkowski, Stephanie; Dubeck, Margaret; Jepkemei, Evelyn; King, Simon J. (World Development, 2018)
Keywords: Africa; Literacy; Numeracy; Program evaluation; Randomized controlled trial; Reading; ___working_potential_duplicate

Identifying the essential ingredients to literacy and numeracy improvement: teacher professional development and coaching, student textbooks, and structured teachers’ guides - Piper, Benjamin; Zuilkowski, Stephanie; Dubeck, Margaret; Jepkemei, Evelyn; King, Simon J. (World Development, 2018)
Keywords: Africa; Literacy; Numeracy; Program evaluation; Randomized controlled trial; Reading; ___working_potential_duplicate

The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) - PISA (2018)

Developing and validating the International Development and Early Learning Assessment (IDELA) - Pisani, Lauren; Borisova, Ivelina; Dowd, Amy Jo (International Journal of Educational Research, 2018)
Evidence about the importance of stimulation and learning in childhood has been mounting in recent years, culminating with the inclusion of early childhood development in the 2015 Sustainable Development Goals. In following, there is a need for reliable measurement of early learning and development at local, national, and global levels. None of the existing tools designed to measure learning and development at the pre-primary level have been proven to be appropriate and feasible in diverse national contexts, as well as psychometrically rigorous. Therefore, Save the Children developed the International Development and Early Learning Assessment (IDELA) from 2011–2015. This paper presents evidence from the IDELA validation process including internal consistency, inter-rater reliability, test-retest reliability and concurrent validity.
Keywords: Assessment; Early childhood development; Early childhood education; Learning

Taleem Ghar: An initiative by Government of the Punjab - PITB

Unlocking Talent: Evaluation of a tablet-based Masamu intervention in a Malawian Primary School - Pitchford, Nicola (2014)

Development of early mathematical skills with a tablet intervention: a randomized control trial in Malawi - Pitchford, Nicola J. (Frontiers in Psychology, 2015)
Evaluation of educational interventions is necessary prior to wide-scale rollout. Yet very few rigorous studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of tablet-based interventions, especially in the early years and in developing countries. This study reports a randomized control trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a tablet intervention for supporting the development of early mathematical skills in primary school children in Malawi. A total sample of 318 children, spanning Standards 1–3, attending a medium-sized urban primary school, were randomized to one of three groups: maths tablet intervention, non-maths tablet control, and standard face-to-face practice. Children were pre-tested using tablets at the start of the school year on two tests of mathematical knowledge and a range of basic skills related to scholastic progression. Class teachers then delivered the intervention over an 8-weeks period, for the equivalent of 30-min per day. Technical support was provided from the local Voluntary Service Overseas (VSO). Children were then post-tested on the same assessments as given at pre-test. A final sample of 283 children, from Standards 1–3, present at both pre- and post-test, was analyzed to investigate the effectiveness of the maths tablet intervention. Significant effects of the maths tablet intervention over and above standard face-to-face practice or using tablets without the maths software were found in Standards 2 and 3. In Standard 3 the greater learning gains shown by the maths tablet intervention group compared to both of the control groups on the tablet-based assessments transferred to paper and pencil format, illustrating generalization of knowledge gained. Thus, tablet technology can effectively support early years mathematical skills in developing countries if the software is carefully designed to engage the child in the learning process and the content is grounded in a solid well-constructed curriculum appropriate for the child’s developmental stage.
Keywords: Evaluation; Mathematics; Tablets; Technology; ___working_potential_duplicate; intervention; primary school; randomized control trial

Personal communication: Research on solar-power projector DPL implementation in Malawi - Pitchford, Nicola J. (2023)

Interactive apps prevent gender discrepancies in early‐grade mathematics in a low‐income country in sub‐Sahara Africa - Pitchford, Nicola J.; Chigeda, Antonie; Hubber, Paula J. (Developmental Science, 2019)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Interactive apps prevent gender discrepancies in early-grade mathematics in a low-income country in sub-Saharan Africa - Pitchford, Nicola J.; Chigeda, Antonie; Hubber, Paula J. (Developmental Science, 2019)
Globally, gender differences are reported in the early acquisition of reading and mathematics as girls tend to outperform boys in reading, whereas boys tend to outperform girls in mathematics. This can have long-term impact resulting in an under-representation of girls in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics subjects. Recent research suggests that sociocultural factors account for differences across genders in the acquisition of these foundational skills. In this study, we investigated whether a new technology-based intervention, that included activities accessible to both boys and girls, can reduce gender differences from emerging during the early primary school years. The novel instructional method used in this study employed apps developed by onebillion© delivered individually through touch-screen tablets. Over a series of experiments conducted in Malawi, a low-income country in sub-Sahara Africa, we found that when children were exposed to standard pedagogical practice typical gender differences emerged over the first grade (Experiment 1). In contrast, boys and girls learnt equally well with the new interactive apps designed to support the learning of mathematics (Experiment 2) and reading (Experiment 3). When implemented at the start of primary education, before significant gender discrepancies become established, this novel technology-based intervention can prevent significant gender effects for mathematics. These results demonstrate that different instructional practices influence the emergence of gender disparities in early mathematics. Digital interventions can mitigate gender differences in countries where standard pedagogical instruction typically hinders girls from acquiring early mathematical skills at the same rate as boys. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=55x-6hhAY9M&feature=youtu.be
Keywords: education; gender inequity; mathematics; reading; tablet technology

Interactive Apps Promote Learning of Basic Mathematics in Children With Special Educational Needs and Disabilities - Pitchford, Nicola J.; Kamchedzera, Elizabeth; Hubber, Paula J.; Chigeda, Antonie L. (Frontiers in Psychology, 2018)
Interactive apps delivered on touch-screen tablets can be effective at supporting the acquisition of basic skills in mainstream primary school children. This technology may also be beneficial for children with Special Educational Needs and Disabilities (SEND) as it can promote high levels of engagement with the learning task and an inclusive learning environment. However, few studies have measured extent of learning for SEND pupils when using interactive apps, so it has yet to be determined if this technology is effective at raising attainment for these pupils. We report the first observational study of a group of 33 pupils with SEND from two primary schools in Malawi that are implementing a new digital technology intervention which uses touch-screen tablets to deliver interactive apps designed to teach basic mathematical skills. The apps contain topics that align to the national curriculum. To assess learning gains, rate of progress (minutes per topic) for each pupil was determined by calculating the average time taken to complete a topic. Progress rate was then correlated with teacher ratings of extent of disability and independent ratings of pupil engagement with the apps. Results showed SEND pupils could interact with the apps and all pupils passed at least one topic. Average progress rate for SEND pupils was twice as long as mainstream peers. Stepwise regression revealed extent of disability significantly predicted progress rate. Further exploratory correlations revealed pupils with moderate to severe difficulties with hearing and/or language made slower progress through the apps than those with greater functionality in these two domains because the use of verbal instructions within the apps limited their capacity to learn. This original quantitative analysis demonstrates that interactive apps can raise learning standards in pupils with SEND but may have limited utility for pupils with severe difficulties. Software modifications are needed to address specific areas of difficulty preventing pupils from progressing.
Keywords: Interactive apps; Mathematics; Special educational needs and disabilities; primary school; tablet technology

Significance Tests Which May be Applied to Samples From any Populations - Pitman, E.J.G. (Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 1937)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

CASTOR: learning to create context-sensitive and emotionally engaging narrations in-situ - Pittarello, Fabio; Bertani, Luca (ACM, 2012)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

A comparative study of blended learning versus traditional teaching in middle school science - Pixel (International Conference The Future Of Education, 2015)
Keywords: Education / Philosophy, Theory & Social Aspects

Plan Ceibal - Plan Ceibal

Ebola: beyond the health emergency - Plan International (Plan International, 2015)

Education Needs Assessment Report - Sierra Leone - Plan International (2016)

Left out, left behind: adolescent girls’ secondary education in crises - Plan International UK (2019)

GENDER TRANSFORMATIVE EDUCATION - PLAN International; UNICEF; Transform Education; UNGEI (2021)

The Ed-Tech Space Pakistan 2020 - Planet N

Mixed methods research: A guide to the field - Plano Clark, Vicki L.; Ivankova, Nataliya V. (Sage Publications, 2015)

How Can Decision-Makers Assess EdTech Interventions for Cost-Effectiveness to Enable Better Investments? - Plaut, Daniel (EdTech Hub, 2024)
This Learning Brief is part of the EdTech Hub Learning Brief Series, providing practical resources for people working to improve the use of technology in education. In this brief, we look at how decision-makers should consider cost-effectiveness when contemplating investing in EdTech programmes. Cost-effectiveness is a critically important consideration for anyone planning investments in EdTech, but it is also a complex one, which requires understanding the total cost of an intervention and comparing it against the likely impact on education. We draw on work from EdTech Hub and other prominent researchers to distil key practical insights for decision-makers on how to apply cost-effectiveness analysis to their decision-making. Practical considerations include recommendations on gathering the right data for analysis; ensuring cost calculations are holistic; leveraging existing frameworks and tools for cost and impact calculations; and ensuring that comparisons are made against non-tech interventions as well as the broader resource envelope available for education to determine affordability in a given context. Finally, we explore areas where additional work is needed, including an increased understanding of the challenges faced by decision-makers in considering cost-effectiveness and the need for greater transparency and accountability in cost-effectiveness analysis in the sector. Keywords Cost-effectiveness; EdTech; education policy; total cost of implementation; affordability; Learning-Adjusted Years of Schooling An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org/
Keywords: _r:AddedByMyEducationEvidence

How Can Implementers Apply Digital Personalised Learning in Schools? - Plaut, Daniel (EdTech Hub, 2024)
This Learning Brief is part of the EdTech Hub Learning Brief Series, providing practical resources for people working to improve the use of technology in education. In this brief, we look at digital personalised learning (DPL), a promising EdTech approach to improving learning outcomes, and consider how to implement this approach in school settings. We draw on work from EdTech Hub and other prominent researchers to first unpack the ‘basics’ of DPL implementation. These include the importance of teaching at the right level as a driver of DPL’s impact, and how DPL tools are applied in schools as supplementary learning and / or integrated into existing curricula. We also consider some of DPL’s technical requirements and achievements in improving learning outcomes. We then explore emerging insights about effective DPL implementation in schools, including the role of teachers as facilitators, the evidence behind student-device ratios, and the importance of coordinating DPL implementation with broader education system actors. Lastly, we look at areas that require further research, noting issues that we at EdTech Hub are still grappling with in our own work, and include lists of resources relevant to DPL application in education systems. Keywords: digital personalised learning; DPL; implementation research; teaching at the right level; learning outcomes; education policy An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org/
Keywords: _r:AddedByMyEducationEvidence

Lessons for effective CPD - Synthesis of a Sandbox Learning Session - Plaut, Daniel (EdTech Hub, 2020)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Keywords: _EdTechHub_Output; _r:AddedByZotZen

Sierra Leone CPD Sandbox - Draft Theory of Change - Plaut, Daniel (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Keywords: _EdTechHub_Output; _MELA_seen; _r:AddedByZotZen

EdTech Innovation for COVID-19: Insights from our global call for ideas - Plaut, Daniel; Carter, Alice; Dixon, Miranda; Salami, Taiye (EdTech Hub, 2020)
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _MELA_seen; _zenodo:submitted; _zenodoETH

Bringing Learning to Light: The Role of Citizen-Led Assessments in Shifting the Education Agenda - Plaut, Daniel; Jamieson Eberhardt, Molly (Results for Development, 2015)
"Are children learning?" is a question that should inform all education policymaking. Yet in many countries, the answer to this question has remained

10 challenges of e-learning during COVID-19 & ways to solve them - Plitnichenko, Lisa (Jellyfish.tech, 2020)

Programme Monitoring & Implementation Unit - PMIU (2020)

Social skills matter, but how do we measure and grow them in the classroom? - Pocinki, Allegra; Reeves, Richard V. (Brookings, 2017)
Most researchers and parents agree that effective social and emotional skills are essential to a child’s development and success as an adult. But how much do we know about these skills, how to meas…

A Spotlight on Lack of Evidence Supporting the Integration of Blended Learning in K-12 Education: A Systematic Review - Poirier, Mark; Law, Jeremy M.; Veispak, Anneli (International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning (IJMBL), 2019)

Report on the Implementation of the Tuition Fee Free (TFF) Report - Policy, Planning, Research and Communication Division, Governmen of Papua New Guinea (2012)

The method of Adaptive Comparative Judgement - Pollitt, Alastair (Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 2012)
Adaptive Comparative Judgement (ACJ) is a modification of Thurstone’s method of comparative judgement that exploits the power of adaptivity, but in scoring rather than testing. Professional judgement by teachers replaces the marking of tests; a judge is asked to compare the work of two students and simply to decide which of them is the better. From many such comparisons a measurement scale is created showing the relative quality of students’ work; this can then be referenced in familiar ways to generate test results. The judges are asked only to make a valid decision about quality, yet ACJ achieves extremely high levels of reliability, often considerably higher than practicable operational marking can achieve. It therefore offers a radical alternative to the pursuit of reliability through detailed marking schemes. ACJ is clearly appropriate for performances like writing or art, and for complex portfolios or reports, but may be useful in other contexts too. ACJ offers a new way to involve all teachers in summative as well as formative assessment. The model provides strong statistical control to ensure quality assessment for individual students. This paper describes the theoretical basis of ACJ, and illustrates it with outcomes from some of our trials.
Keywords: Space, scale and languages: identity construction of cross-boundary students in a multilingual university in Hong Kong; The method of Adaptive Comparative Judgement; assessment methods; judgement; marking; reliability

Reexamining technology’s role in learner-centered professional development - Polly, Drew; Hannafin, Michael J. (Educational Technology Research and Development, 2010)
The American Psychological Association’s Learner-Centered Principles provide empirically-based approaches to improving teaching and learning. However, in order to facilitate learner-centered, technology-rich instruction to K-12 students, teachers must be afforded opportunities to develop key understandings and skills, rarely evident in most professional development programs. In this paper, we synthesize empirically-based studies and recommendations for teacher learning and propose a learner-centered professional development (LCPD) framework to guide both professional development and empirical work on teacher learning. We describe LCPD components, discuss ways that technology can support LCPD, and highlight implications for research and practice.

Reexamining technology’s role in learner-centered professional development - Polly, Drew; Hannafin, Michael J. (Educational Technology Research and Development, 2010)
The American Psychological Association’s Learner-Centered Principles provide empirically-based approaches to improving teaching and learning. However, in order to facilitate learner-centered, technology-rich instruction to K-12 students, teachers must be afforded opportunities to develop key understandings and skills, rarely evident in most professional development programs. In this paper, we synthesize empirically-based studies and recommendations for teacher learning and propose a learner-centered professional development (LCPD) framework to guide both professional development and empirical work on teacher learning. We describe LCPD components, discuss ways that technology can support LCPD, and highlight implications for research and practice.

Student data: Trust, transparency, and the role of consent - Polonetsky, Jules; Jerome, Joseph (Future of Privacy Forum (FPF), 2014)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

A structured observation of behavioral self-regulation and its contribution to kindergarten outcomes - Ponitz, Claire Cameron; McClelland, Megan M.; Matthews, J. S.; Morrison, Frederick J. (Developmental Psychology, 2009)
The authors examined a new assessment of behavioral regulation and contributions to achievement and teacher-rated classroom functioning in a sample (N = 343) of kindergarteners from 2 geographical sites in the United States. Behavioral regulation was measured with the Head-Toes-Knees-Shoulders (HTKS) task, a structured observation requiring children to perform the opposite of a dominant response to 4 different oral commands. Results revealed considerable variability in HTKS scores. Evidence for construct validity was found in positive correlations with parent ratings of attentional focusing and inhibitory control and teacher ratings of classroom behavioral regulation. Hierarchical linear modeling indicated that higher levels of behavioral regulation in the fall predicted stronger levels of achievement in the spring and better teacher-rated classroom self-regulation (all ps < .01) but not interpersonal skills. Evidence for domain specificity emerged, in which gains in behavioral regulation predicted gains in mathematics but not in language and literacy over the kindergarten year (p < .01) after site, child gender, and other background variables were controlled. Discussion focuses on the importance of behavioral regulation for successful adjustment to the demands of kindergarten. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Academic Achievement; Achievement; Attention; Child; Child, Preschool; Classroom Behavior; Cooperative Behavior; Female; Humans; Inhibition (Psychology); Internal-External Control; Interpersonal Influences; Interpersonal Relations; Kindergarten Students; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Mathematics; Observation Methods; Personality Assessment; Self-Regulation; Social Behavior; Social Control, Informal; Temperament; academic achievement; behavioral self-regulation; interpersonal skills; kindergarten; structured observation

EGRA Liberia: Baseline assessment of reading levels and associated factors - Poole, Medina Korda; Crouch, Luis (2008)
This document reports on the results of an Early Grade Reading Assessment (EGRA) study done in Liberia in June of 2008 as part of process of collaboration between the Ministry of Education, the World Bank, and USAID, with technical assistance provided under contract by RTI and its consultants and collaborators.This executive summary reproduced the logic of the entire report and is thus also a guide to the contents and layout of the report.This document first lays out the nature and content of the assessment instrument.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Playbook: Government as Platform - Pope, Richard (2019)

Training Teachers on the Job: What Works and How to Measure It - Popova, Anna; Evans, David K.; Arancibia, Violeta (Policy Research Working Papers, 2016)
Keywords: C:Low- and middle-income countries

Teacher Professional Development around the World: The Gap between Evidence and Practice - Popova, Anna; Evans, David K.; Breeding, Mary E.; Arancibia, Violeta (World Bank, 2018)
Keywords: C:Low- and middle-income countries

SIS Tanzania (LIVE) - PORALG (2021)

Three Views of Systems Theories and their Implications for Sustainability Education - Porter, Terry; Córdoba, José-Rodrigo (Journal of Management Education, 2009)
Worldwide, there is an emerging interest in sustainability and sustainability education. A popular and promising approach is the use of systems thinking. However, the systems approach to sustainability has neither been clearly defined nor has its practical application followed any systematic rigor, resulting in confounded and underspecified recommendations. The purpose of this article is to extend the notion of systems thinking as it pertains to sustainability pedagogy. The authors draw from systems theory and other literatures to develop three broad approaches to systems thinking: functionalist, interpretive, and complex adaptive systems (CAS). Each perspective is examined regarding its conceptual underpinnings, implications for sustainability, and pedagogical goals, objectives, skills, and exemplar projects and activities. The authors' goal is to provide the reader with an immanently practical set of ideas and pedagogical tools that may be readily adopted by management educators in any discipline.

Blended learning in higher education: Institutional adoption and implementation - Porter, Wendy W.; Graham, Charles R.; Spring, Kristian A.; Welch, Kyle R. (Computers & Education, 2014)
Relatively little of the current research on blended learning (BL) addresses institutional adoption issues. Additional research is needed to guide institutions of higher education in strategically adopting and implementing blended learning on campus. The authors conducted a prior study in which they proposed a framework for institutional BL adoption (Graham, Woodfield, & Harrison, 2012), identifying three stages: (1) awareness/exploration, (2) adoption/early implementation, and (3) mature implementation/growth. The framework also identified key strategy, structure, and support issues universities may address at each stage. The current study applies this adoption framework to 11 U. S. institutions participating in a Next Generation Learning Challenge (NGLC) grant and attempting to transition from an awareness/exploration of BL to the adoption/early implementation phase. The study also compares U.S. institutional strategy, structure, and support approaches to BL adoption and identifies patterns and distinctions.
Keywords: Distance education and telelearning; Post-secondary education; Teaching/learning strategies

Turning to technology: A global survey of teachers' responses to the Covid-19 pandemic - Pota, Vikas; Hennessy, Sara; Koomar, Saalim; Kreimeia, Adam; Zubairi, Asma; Aerts, Carla; Gault, Claire (T4 Education & EdTech Hub, 2021)
A global survey of teachers’ responses to the Covid-19 pandemic

Innovation in Mixed Methods Research: A Practical Guide to Integrative Thinking with Complexity - Poth, Cheryl N. (SAGE Publications Limited, 2018)
Explaining both why and how to use mixed methods for discovering solutions to complex research problems, this guide gives readers the tools to adapt approaches to suit their own research conditions. Written in a warm, encouraging tone and packed with helpful diagrams and visual organizers, it provides an easy-to-follow map to the mixed methods process, covering everything from ‘what is mixed methods research?’ to framing, integrating, and describing a complexity-sensitive mixed methods approach. Features include: Key questions to navigate the important concepts of each chapter Practice alerts to provide practical tips on working in the field Chapter check-ins to assess development of key skills Further reading to expand and deepen knowledge of mixed methods practices An annotated glossary to get to grips with foundational terms and revise for exams Supported throughout by real-world examples and advice from the author and other mixed methods experts, this book helps readers succeed in their projects and think innovatively about the methods they use.
Keywords: Reference / Research; Social Science / Methodology

Evaluating large‐scale interactive radio programmes - Potter, Charles; Naidoo, Gordon (Distance Education, 2009)
This article focuses on the challenges involved in conducting evaluations of interactive radio programmes in South Africa with large numbers of schools, teachers, and learners. It focuses on the role such large‐scale evaluation has played during the South African radio learning programme’s development stage, as well as during its subsequent sustained implementation phase. The model evolved for evaluation of interactive radio instruction is based within the context of a shoestring/real‐world evaluation tradition, where funding for internal evaluation has been limited over the period of the programme’s development to scale, necessitating focused use of resources in a longitudinal evaluation design. The evaluation approach is participatory and multimethod, linking the requirements of external summative evaluation conducted for accountability, with data yielded by internal (formative and developmental) evaluation. This is done through internal and formative evaluative studies of limited scope, combined with developmental classroom‐based evaluation based on the logic of project team members working with teachers to promote the programme’s self‐evaluative capacity.
Keywords: distance education; interactive radio instruction; large‐scale implementation; modalities; pedagogy; programme evaluation; shoestring/real‐world evaluation

Decolonisation of curriculum: the case of language education policy in Nepal - Poudel, Prem Prasad; Jackson, Liz; Choi, Tae-Hee (London Review of Education, 2022)
While decolonisation is usually discussed in relation to countries that were formally colonised, countries that have not been formally colonised have also faced challenges related to colonialism. In this case, it is worth considering whether decolonial theory has more widespread applicability to respond to global challenges faced in the postcolonial era. This article documents the historical trajectories of colonisation and decolonisation of the school curriculum in Nepal. Although Nepal was never formally colonised, the introduction of modern schooling in Nepal was informed by the British colonisation of India, where local languages were replaced by English in the curriculum, diminishing the value of local languages and knowledges. Against this backdrop, the Nepal government issued a series of policies supporting Nepali supremacy, but the expansion of English was not significantly challenged. Rather, the policies resulted in a double colonisation of ethnic/Indigenous languages: external colonisation by English, and internal colonisation by the Nepali language. However, significant decolonisation efforts have recently made space for minoritised languages in the curriculum. This article illustrates these colonisation and decolonisation waves, shaped by the government, local communities and other actors. Drawing on Nepal’s legislative and educational policies, the article relates language policy decisions and actions as decolonial efforts to support ethnic/Indigenous languages and explores the implications for understanding tensions around decolonisation of curriculum.

Revisiting the ‘m’ in m-learning: Making the most of mobile environments for teaching and learning in developing countries - Pouezevara, Sarah (E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education, 2015)
Educational innovations in developing countries are expanding due to pressure to achieve quality outcomes at scale and changing markets, where mobile devices are increasingly affordable. m-Learning as a concept has existed prior to the acceleration of these forces, but has gained increasing attention because of them. Growth in mobile phone ownership in developing countries has made mobile-phone enabled education (a form of e-learning) commonplace in formal and informal education. This paper draws on a broad review of existing m-learning programs to illustrate how instructional strategies...

Uganda Impact Study Report - Pouezevara, Sarah; Brunette, Tracy; Jordan, Rachel; Nakyejwe, Deborah (RTI International, 2019)

Scaling Access & Impact: Realizing the Power of EdTech - Pouezevara, Sarah; Valdivia, Ignacio Jara; Michalec, Mike; Amalia, Talitha; Fleischmann, Sybille (Omidyar Network, 2019)

Effects of an Early Literacy Professional Development Intervention on Head Start Teachers and Children - Powell, Douglas; Diamond, Karen; Burchinal, Margaret (Journal of Educational Psychology, 2010)

Rethinking Education Management Information Systems: lessons from and options for less developed countries - Powell, Marcus (InfoDev Working Papers, 2006)

Rethinking Education Management Information Systems: Lessons from and Options for Less Developed Countries - Powell, Marcus (2006)
Donors and planners often have unrealistic expectations about what can be achieved in a short time period and underestimate the challenges facing EMIS.

Rethinking Education Management Information Systems: Lessons from and Options for Less Developed Countries - Powell, Marcus (2006)
Donors and planners often have unrealistic expectations about what can be achieved in a short time period and underestimate the challenges facing EMIS.

From redistribution to recognition to representation: social justice and the changing politics of education - Power, Sally (Globalisation, Societies and Education, 2012)

An Evaluation of Computer Aided Learning (BRAC-CAL) in Secondary Schools in Bangladesh. - Power, T; Babu, R; Chowdhury, T (Research Monograph Series, 2017)

Activating local study-groups for children’s learning—an equitable EdTech response? - Power, Tom (EdTech Hub, 2020)
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _zenodoETH

Approaches to teacher professional development in low-to-middle-income countries - Power, Tom (Sustainable English language teacher development at scale: lessons from Bangladesh, 2019)
This chapter begins by situating discussion of approaches to teacher development (TD) in the context of the grand societal challenge of Education for All (UNESCO 2014), as written into the earlier Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and now Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4:‘to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education for all.’ This goal cannot be met without addressing the stark and urgent need for greater numbers of teachers who are adequately equipped with the knowledge and skills to enable effective student learning. Drawing upon personal experiences of work with teachers in LMICs over nearly two decades, the chapter argues against ‘blaming teachers’ for poor student learning outcomes, and advocates instead the development of better understandings of the often challenging contexts in which teachers practise. The chapter then critically examines common approaches to TD that have often failed adequately to equip teachers for classroom practice, outlining a broadly supported agenda for reform. Recent literature has begun to identify certain characteristics of TD programmes that are increasingly associated with effective student outcomes, in what may be an emerging consensus. These characteristics are briefly outlined, before the chapter closes with lessons learned from English in Action. EIA has both contributed to and benefitted from this emerging evidence base and Chapter 5 illustrates how the implementation of EIA exemplifies such characteristics through a cohesive programme design.
Keywords: Important; Read

Educational Technology Topic Guide - Power, Tom (Health and Education Advice Resource Team, 2014)
Keywords: CitedIn:OER4Schools-HHH3; Important; lit review

The 'new' new technology: Exploiting the potential of mobile communications and open educational resources - Power, Tom (Teacher Education and the Challenge of Development: A Global Analysis, 2012)
Keywords: Economic development -- Effect of education on -- Developing countries.; Teachers -- Training of -- Developing countries.; Teaching -- Developing countries.

Community Help for Inclusive Learning and Development (CHILD): A Study of How Mobile Phones Were Used to Recruit and Equip Community Volunteers to Support Children’s Learning During Covid-19 School Closures in Zimbabwe - Power, Tom; Buckler, Alison; Ebubedike, Margaret; Tengenesha, Martha; Jama, Mbuso; Ndlovu, America; Mukoyi, Jane; Ndou, Mashudu; Mubaira, Simbarashe (EdTech Hub, 2021)
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _MELA_seen; _cover:v3; _zenodo:submitted; _zenodoETH

Evidence-based approaches to improving teachers’ skills, in schools serving poor and marginalised communities - Power, Tom; Hedges, C; McCormick, R; Rahman, S (Pan-Commonwealth of Learning Forum, 2019)
Keywords: C:Poor and marginalised communities; ⛔ No DOI found

A Quasi-Experimental Study of the Classroom Practices of English Language Teachers and the English Language Proficiency of Students, in Primary and Secondary Schools in Bangladesh - Power, Tom; McCormick, Robert; Asbeek-Brusse, Elsbeth (2017)
English in Action (EIA) is an English language teacher development project based in Bangladesh that was intended to run from 2008 to 2017, but which was extended at the request of the Government of Bangladesh, with additional funding from UKAID, for a further year to 2018. By the time of the design of this study (2014-2015) EIA was drawing to the end of upscaling (phase III, 2011-2014) and entering institutionalisation and sustainability (phase IV, 2014-17, extended 2018). Successive prior studies had indicated substantial success in improving both teachers’ classroom practices and student learning outcomes, over the pre-project baseline (e.g. EIA 2011, 2012). The 2014 Annual Review of EIA recommended that in the final phase, EIA should explore whether it would be possible to carry out a study that compared a ‘counterfactual’ or control-group of teachers and students, to the ‘EIA’ or treatment schools: i.e. a Randomised Control Trial or Quasi-Experimental study. A proposal for a Quasi-Experimental study was developed in collaboration with DFID’s South Asia Research Hub (SARH), which also provided the additional funding necessary to implement such a study. The teachers and students who were the subject of this study, were the fourth cohort to participate in English in Action (together with teachers from ‘control’ schools, in the same Upazilas). This fourth EIA cohort included Schools, Teachers and Students from approximately 200 Upazilas (of approximately 500 in total) across Bangladesh, including some of the most disadvantaged areas (with reference to UNICEF deprivation index), such as Char, Hoar and Monga districts. Teachers took part in a school-based teacher development Programme, learning communicative language teaching approaches through carrying out new classroom activities, guided by teacher development videos that showed teachers, students and schools similar to those across the country. Teachers also had classroom audio resources for use with students. All digital materials were available offline, on teachers own mobile phones, so there is no dilution of the Programmes core messages about teaching and learning, by some intermediary coming between the teacher and the materials. Teachers were supported through these activities, by other teachers in their schools, by their head teachers and by local education officers. Some teachers from each area were also given additional support and guidance from divisional EIA staff, to act as Teacher Facilitators, helping teachers work through activities and share their experiences at local cluster meetings. Whereas previous cohorts of teachers had attended eight local teacher development meetings over their participation in the project, for Cohort Four, this was reduced to four meetings, with a greater emphasis being placed on support in school by head teachers, as well as support from local education officers. This change was part of the move towards institutionalisation and sustainability of project activities within and through government systems and local officers. The purpose of this study was both to provide the evaluation evidence required for the final phase of the EIA project and to contribute to the international body of research evidence on effective practices in teacher development in low-to-middle income country contexts.

EIA School-based teachers development - Power, Tom; McCormick, Robert; Eyres, Ian (EIA Schools: Body of Evidence, Project Closure Review Documents, 2017)

English in action: school based teacher development in Bangladesh - Power, Tom; Shaheen, Robina; Solly, Mike; Woodward, Clare; Burton, Sonia (The Curriculum Journal, 2012)
Keywords: C:Bangladesh

English in action: school based teacher development in Bangladesh - Power, Tom; Shaheen, Robina; Solly, Mike; Woodward, Clare; Burton, Sonia (The Curriculum Journal, 2012)
Keywords: C:Bangladesh

English in action: school based teacher development in Bangladesh - Power, Tom; Shaheen, Robina; Solly, Mike; Woodward, Clare; Burton, Sonia (The Curriculum Journal, 2012)
In the Least Economically Developed Countries (LEDCs), School Based Teacher Development (SBTD) is sometimes advocated as a potential mechanism for improving the classroom practices experienced by millions of children in a complete school system, as quickly as possible. Robust evidence is required for approaches to be implemented with some confidence by Government development agencies, such as the UK Department for International Development (DFID). SBTD has a long history stemming from ideas of school-based curriculum development, which underlay the ideas on teacher-as-researcher, and is typically advocated in the developed world based on a view of the teacher as a professional. How might such notions play out, and to what effect, in LEDC contexts? This article examines the issues at stake in introducing SBTD in LEDCs, by examining: the nature of the evidence for various forms of teacher development, the nature of SBTD in particular and the evidence for its effectiveness. The latter issues will be illustrated through examination of English in Action (EIA, www.eiabd.com), a large-scale SBTD programme for primary and secondary English language (EL) teachers serving government schools across Bangladesh.
Keywords: Bangladesh; English in Action; School Based Teacher Development; technologies

PM E Vidya Program | Online [Digital Learning] for Students | Portal | Courses List, Registration - Pradhan Mantri e-Vidya Initiative for Digital Education (Hindi Yojana, 2020)
[New] Complete details of Pradhan Mantri E Vidya Yojana. New Initiative for Digital learning in India. Details of Courses, Registration process.

Impact of Education on Labour Market Outcomes in Rural and Urban India - Pradhan, K. C.; Parida, P. C.; Sarangi, Tapas (Reflecting on India’s Development: Employment, Skill and Health, 2018)
This paper examines the returns to education with respect to three labour market outcomes namely wages, employment and occupation using the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) 68th round (2011–12) data. Wage equation (without selection bias) results point to the fact that returns to education increase at an increasing rate as the level of education increases and the impact of education is found relatively higher in the case of urban than rural areas. In case of employment, the study finds that compared to illiterates, the chances of higher educated people going to agriculture sector is less. This is true even in the case of rural areas whereas the interactive variable (education with rural dummy) is found negatively associated with employment in agriculture sector. Occupation results suggest that there is a strong association between higher education (under graduate and graduate and above) with professional occupations and less with agriculture and fishery and unskilled occupations, suggesting the need for improving education and creating quality employment opportunities in the rural areas that may help in arresting the growing urban burden.
Keywords: Education; Employment; India; Occupation; Urban-rural gap; Wages

Mother-tongue education in Africa for emancipation and development: Towards the intellectualisation of African languages - Prah, Kwesi Kwaa (Languages and education in Africa: A comparative and transdisciplinary analysis, 2009)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Navitas Ventures releases Global EdTech Ecosystems 1.0 – Navitas Insights - Praill, Tim (2018)

Unfamiliar technology: Reaction of international students to blended learning - Prasad, P.W.C.; Angelika, Maag; Redestowicz, Margaret; Hoe, Lau Siong (Computers & Education, 2018)

Incorporating the iPad in the mathematics classroom - Preciado-Babb, AP (IEEE, 2012)

Stakeholder Analysis and Social Network Analysis in Natural Resource Management - Prell, Christina; Hubacek, Klaus; Reed, Mark (Society & Natural Resources, 2009)
The increasing use of stakeholder analysis in natural resource management reflects a growing recognition that stakeholders can and should influence environmental decision making. Stakeholder analysis can be used to avoid inflaming conflicts, ensure that the marginalization of certain groups is not reinforced, and fairly represent diverse interests. We present a case study from the Peak District National Park in the United Kingdom, where we used social network analysis to inform stakeholder analysis. This information helped us identify which individuals and categories of stakeholder played more central roles in the network and which were more peripheral. This information guided our next steps for stakeholder selection. The article ends with a discussion on the strengths and limitations of combining social network analysis with stakeholder analysis.
Keywords: participatory resource management; social network analysis; stakeholder analysis

Basic Education Statistics, Tanzania - President's Office, Regional Administration and Local Government (President’s Office- Regional and Local Government [PO-RALG], 2022)

Pre-primary, primary and secondary education statistics in brief - President's Office, Regional Administration and Local Government (The United Republic of Tanzania, 2016)

Promises to keep: impact of COVID-19 on adolescents in Kenya - Presidential Policy and Strategy Unit (Kenya); Population Council (2021)

Using School Performance Data to Drive School and Education District Office Accountability and Improvement: The Case of Ghana - Prew, Martin; Quaigrain, Kenneth (Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 2010)
Distance-education delivery through interactive television (ITV) is an effective means of providing instruction to learners. There are many advantages, such as the ability to provide immediate feedback and personal participation. To be effective, however, ITV requires structured planning and development, making the use of instructional design principles imperative. The following recommendations are made for training teachers about ITV: (1) provide an overview of the technology and how it works; (2) provide hands-on guided practice; (3) incorporate effective elements of instruction; (4) conduct periodic follow-up inservice training; (5) train with teachers who volunteer; (6) establish the amount of time needed to prepare and teach ITV courses; (7) provide experiences with other faculty members; (8) incorporate strategies for adding visual components to audio courses; and (9) use strategies that encourage group cohesion and student motivation. Teachers must adapt instruction to meet the varied needs of students, as both teachers and students adjust to the demands of the medium. (SLD)
Keywords: Delivery Systems; Distance Education; Educational Planning; Educational Technology; Educational Television; Feedback; Graduate Study; Higher Education; Information Transfer; Instructional Design; Instructional Effectiveness; Interactive Television; Student Motivation; Teacher Attitudes; Teacher Education; Teaching Methods; Technological Advancement; Telecourses; Training; search_string_27b

Making a difference with smart tablets - Price, Amy (Teacher Librarian, 2011)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Inclusive and special education approaches in developing countries - Price, Roz (Institute of Development Studies, 2018)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

The Teachers’ Portal as a Tool for Teachers’ Professional Development in Bangladesh - Prime Minister's Office: Bangladesh (Access to Information Programme: Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh; UNDP; USAID)

Principles for Digital Development - Principles for Digital Development (Principles for Digital Development)
Resources & Expertise for the Digital Principles
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

Principles of Digital Developmeent - Design for Scale - Principles for Digital Development (Principles for Digital Development)
Achieving scale requires adoption beyond an initiatives pilot population and often necessitates securing funding or partners that take the initiative to new communities or regions.

Tangerine: Mobile Assessments Made Easy - Principles for Digital Development (Principles for Digital Development, 2014)
Overview Tangerine is an open source software application initially designed to collect and analyze reading and mathematics assessment data in primary schools (typically grades one through four), most commonly in low-income countries. Data collectors use the Tangerine platform on mobile devices like tablets and smartphones to administer the Early Grade Reading Assessment (EGRA) and Early […]

Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE): Creating Education Systems Coherent for Learning Outcomes: Making the Transition from Schooling to Learning - Pritchett, L. (2015)
Keywords: IMPORT_FROM_DFID_RITE

Creating Education Systems Coherent for Learning Outcomes: Making the Transition from Schooling to Learning - Pritchett, Lant (Research on Improving Systems of Education, 2015)
Existing systems of education have some elements promoting learning as an objective, but are mainly coherent as systems only around enrollment targets. This paper builds an accountability framework of actors and the four design elements of accountability (delegation, financing, information and motivation) to emphasize that effectiveness in promoting learning requires systems of education that are coherent, in two ways. First, each accountability relationship has to be coherent across its elements, that is, the delegation of what agents are asked to do has to be coherent with the financing, information, and motivation, rather than "pay for one thing and expect another." Second, the relationships have to be coherent across relationships of accountability. That is, if teachers are accountable both to their employer and indirectly to parents/students/communities, then if these two have very different objectives the accountability of teachers will be made incoherent. Such incoherence can explain why small changes in the "right" direction (towards that of high performing systems or demonstrated in other contexts) might consistently fail even where a directed and coherent reform could have major impact.
Keywords: Systems Framework; ⛔ No DOI found

National development delivers: And how! And how? - Pritchett, Lant (Economic Modelling, 2022)
Core dual ideas of early development, economics and practice, were that (a) national development was a four-fold transformation of countries towards: (i) a more productive economy, (ii) a more responsive state, (iii) more capable administration, and (iv) a shared identity and equal treatment of citizens and that (b) this four-fold transformation of national development would lead to higher levels of human wellbeing. The second is strikingly correct: development delivers. National development is empirically necessary for high wellbeing (no country with low levels of national development has high human wellbeing) and also empirically sufficient (no country with high national development has low levels of human wellbeing). Three measures of national development: productive economy, capable administration, and responsive state, explain (essentially) all of the observed variation in an omnibus indicator of wellbeing based on over 58 distinct indicators, the Social Progress Index. How national development delivers on wellbeing varies, in three ways. One, economic growth is much more important for achieving wellbeing at low versus high levels of income. Two, economic growth matters more for “basic needs” than for other dimensions of wellbeing (like social inclusiveness or environmental quality). Three, state capability matters more for wellbeing outcomes that depend on public production than on private goods (and for some wellbeing indicators, like physical safety, for which growth doesn’t matter at all). While these findings may seem too common sense to be worth a paper, national development--and particularly economic growth—is, strangely, under severe challenge as an important and legitimate objective of action within the development industry.

Randomizing Development: Method or Madness? - Pritchett, Lant (2019)
An important argument for the increased use of randomized control trial methods in development is that the evidence from these studies will encourage the uptake of effective programs and projects (both through discouraging ineffective projects and improving design of new projects) and this will lead to reduced poverty and improved human well-being. However, cross-national evidence shows that the four-fold transformation of national development, to higher productivity economies, to more responsive states, the more capable organizations and administration and to more equal social treatment produces gains in poverty and human well-being that are orders of magnitude bigger than the best that can be hoped from better programs. Arguments that RCT research is a good (much less “best”) investment depend on both believing in an implausibly low likelihood that non-RCT research can improve progress national development and believing in an implausibly large likelihood that RCT evidence improves outcomes.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

The Risks of Dangerous Dashboards in Basic Education - Pritchett, Lant (2018)
Many countries’ systems of basic education are in “stall” condition. A recent paper of Beatty et al. (2018) uses information from the Indonesia Family Life Survey, a representative household survey that has been carried out in several waves with the same individuals since 2000 and contains information on whether individuals can answer simple arithmetic questions. Figure 1, showing the relationship between the level of schooling and the probability of answering a typical question correctly, has two shocking results.

The risks to education systems from design mismatch and global isomorphism - Pritchett, Lant (World Institute for Development Economics Research, 2014)

Building State Capability: Evidence, Analysis, Action - Pritchett, Lant; Andrews, Matt; Woolcock, Michael (2017)
"Building State Capability: Evidence, Analysis, Action" provides evidence of the capability shortfalls that currently exist in many countries, analyses this evidence and identifies capability traps that hold many governments back—particularly related to isomorphic mimicry and premature load-bearing.

Girls’ Schooling and Women’s Literacy: Schooling Targets Alone Won’t Reach Learning Goals - Pritchett, Lant; Sandefur, Justin (Center for Global Development, 2017)
Using the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data on the ability of women at various levels of schooling attainment to read a simple sentence, we show that reaching universal completion of grade six among girls would not bring the world anywhere close to the goal of universal female literacy. These calculations are based on the empirical relationship between grades completed and ability to read, a descriptive ‘learning profile.’ The large literature on schooling and life outcomes suggests simple correlations are a reasonable guide to causal effects, and the typical concern is over-estimation of the true return to schooling—implying our calculations using a descriptive and not causal learning profile are a best-case scenario. This best case is often not at all good: the learning profile is so weak in Nigeria that even if all women had completed grade six, adult female illiteracy would only have fallen from 58 percent to 53 percent. In contrast, children in many other countries do learn to read in much higher numbers and enrolling outof-school girls would dramatically reduce illiteracy. For instance, in Ethiopia the same calculations yield a reduction in illiteracy from 82 to 25 percent. But across nearly 50 developing countries with available data our calculations suggest 40 percent of women would be illiterate even if all women completed at least grade six. Achieving new Sustainable Development Goal targets of universal literacy and numeracy will require both achievement of universal schooling and dramatic improvements in the learning profile in most developing countries.

Schools and Covid-19 - Privacy International (Privacy International, 2020)
An estimated 90% of the world’s student population are affected by school closures in the Covid-19 pandemic. And, in the absence of physical space, education technology companies are stepping in to fill the gap.

Complexity and Considerations in Delivering Adaptive Learning Digital Services - Proctor, Jamie (EdTech Hub, 2019)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _MELA_seen; _r:AddedByZotZen; _zenodo:submitted; _zenodoETH

Should we paint all classroom roofs white to improve learning in Tanzania? - Proctor, Jamie (2022)
A growing literature base has developed from Global North contexts, showing a clear link between classroom temperature and student learning outcomes. However, very little evidence shows how this impact translates to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where average classroom temperatures are often high. The hypothesis for the research was that classroom temperatures in Tanzania are high and that a white-paint-cool-roof intervention would help mitigate these high temperatures. This study includes a literature review to understand the classroom policy in Tanzania, establish links between temperature and learning, and assess temperature retrofit options. Following this, the study presents the results of an experiment to trial a white-paint cool roof against a blue-paint roof and an unpainted control roof. Finally, data analysis predicts the intervention effects over an entire year and the subsequent impact on learning outcomes. The learning outcomes analysis includes a cost-effectiveness analysis using the Learning-Adjusted Years of Schooling (LAYS) metric. Empirical evidence of temperatures inside classrooms in Dar Es Salaam suggests that the temperature often exceeds 40℃. Literature searches indicate that this is the first time classroom air temperatures have been recorded and published for East Africa. The experiment involved using a low-cost retrofit intervention to reduce temperature – by painting the classroom roof blue or white over eight days. Results showed that the White Paint Intervention (WPI) reduced the temperature by around 3.7℃ over the course of the school day and up to a maximum of 5℃. The WPI was roughly twice as effective as the Blue Paint Intervention at reducing interior air temperatures. The WPI results were then modelled to estimate the classroom temperature reduction over a year, based on the assumed 3.5℃ reduction. Finally, using estimates from the existing literature, the learning impact of the intervention was calculated. The results suggest that using the WPI intervention can improve learning by 7.1%, which translates to an estimated 3.2 LAYS per classroom per year, at a cost-effectiveness of 5.3 LAYS per USD100. The paper shows that the impact of high temperatures in classrooms is likely undermining the funding currently channelled to improve learning outcomes in the region. Further, a WPI retrofit intervention is effective at reducing classroom temperatures in Tanzania. Due to climate-change-induced temperature increases, the intervention effectiveness is likely to increase over the coming decades. This paper was submitted as a dissertation in fulfilment of an MSc in Sustainability and Adaptation in the Built Environment at the Centre for Alternative Technology, Machynlleth, Powys (Wales)
Keywords: _r:AddedByZotZen

Technical Assistance to the Government of Tanzania: Inception Report - Proctor, Jamie; Plaut, Daniel; El-Serafy, Yomna; Carter, Alice; Thakrar, Jayshree (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Keywords: _r:AddedByZotZen

Increasing Parent Engagement in Children's Literacy: A Needs Assessment to Inform the Design of Parent Engagement Efforts - Project Literacy; Results for Development; Center for Education Innovations (2020)

Project RAY for the visually impaired | Smartphones for Blind, Cell Phones for Visually Impaired - Project Ray (2018)

Why is flipped learning so popular in schools? - Promethean Blog (ResourcED: Promethean Blog, 2016)
With flipped learning, students can save any questions for the classroom, ensuring that help and support is available exactly when it's needed.

Reimagining Teacher Continuous Professional Development: Evidence from a Blended Approach in Senegal - Proudfoot, Diane; Pflepsen, Alison; Swift-Morgan, Jennifer; Niang, Ablaye (Chemonics International, 2022)

What are the impacts and cost effectiveness of strategies to improve performance of untrained and under-trained teachers in the classroom in developing countries? Protocol - Pryor, John; Westbrook, Jo; Adu-Yeboah, Christine; Orr, David; Durrani, Naureen (EPPI-Centre, Social Science Research Unit, Institute of Education, University of London, 2012)

Returns to investment in education: a decennial review of the global literature - Psacharopoulos, George; Patrinos, Harry Anthony (Education Economics, 2018)
In the 60-plus year history of returns to investment in education estimates, there have been several compilations in the literature. This paper updates Psacharopoulos and Patrinos and reviews the latest trends and patterns based on 1120 estimates in 139 countries from 1950 to 2014. The private average global return to a year of schooling is 9% a year. Private returns to higher education increased, raising issues of financing and equity. Social returns to schooling remain high. Women continue to experience higher average returns to schooling, showing that girls’ education remains a priority.
Keywords: C13; J31; Returns to schooling; investments in education

Measuring Gender Equality in Education: Lessons from Trends in 43 Countries - Psaki, Stephanie R.; McCarthy, Katharine J.; Mensch, Barbara S. (Population and Development Review, 2018)

DigiMap – Digital Malawi Project - Public Private Partnership Commission (2021)

Digital Foundations Project – Projects – The Public Private Partnership Commission - Public Private Partnership Commission (2019)

Data Innovation for Policymaking - Pulse Lab Jakarta (2014)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Teaching of Naazrah Quran Grade I-V as a separate compulsory subject - Punjab Curriculum & Textbook Board (2021)

Welcome To PEF Foundation Assisted Schools - Punjab Education Foundation

eLearn App for Android - Punjab IT Board (Download.com)
eLearn.Punjab is an Educational app for an official repository of digitized textbooks of Punjab. Each book has been augmented with Video Lectures,

Punjab School Monitoring - Punjab School Monitoring

How can capacity development promote evidence-informed policy making? - Punton, Melanie (2016)
How can capacity development promote evidenceinformed decision making? This review discusses the messy, complex nature of evidence use in policy processes; casts a spotlight on some of the individual, interpersonal, organisational and institutional factors that promote and constrain use of evidence; and examines the primary evidence base to investigate what works to build the capacity of decision makers to use evidence, for whom, in what circumstances, and why.

Making sense of bitcoin, cryptocurrency and blockchain - PwC (2019)

Policy Coherence in the Application of ICTs for Education - PwC (2010)

A Study of the Usefulness of Punjab IT Labs Project in Schools of Punjab, Pakistan as Perceived by Students - Qadir, Muhammad Javid; Hameed, Abdul (Journal of Education Research, 2018)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Performance Oriented Information and Communication Technology (ICT): Model for Education Purpose in Pakistan. A Bahawalpur District Case Study - Qadri, Salman; Shah, Rehan Ali; ul Rehman, Muzammil; Ullah, Saleem; Shah, Ali Nawaz; Ali, Muhammad Zaman; Ahmed, Muhammad Munawer (International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, 2017)
Information technology brought a dramatic change in our society. In third world countries such as Pakistan is also trying to get involve this technology in every field of life. In this decade, information technology is being used in several disciplines such as education, health, agriculture and business etc. It has given a positive impact on all of these disciplines especially E-banking, E-learning and E-commerce etc. This study focuses the implementation of information and communication technology (ICT) framework to boost the progress of different less develops areas in Pakistan. This study also describes the complete methodology with all of its benefits and constraints on implementation and also proposed a framework to improve the efficiency and accuracy in education department in primary to higher level in Bahawalpur district and its five sub districts (tehsil) and also take the case study of The Islamia University Bahawalpur within city sub campuses by utilizing the successful implementation of information and communication technology for the betterment of education.
Keywords: E-Classes; ICT Infrastructure; IT-Centers; Information and Communication Technology; integration; teachers; ⛔ No DOI found

Blended Learning Approach to Develop the Teachers’ TPACK - Qasem, Arwa Ahmad Abdo; Viswanathappa, Gandla (Contemporary Educational Technology, 2016)
A theoretical framework has emerged recently to guide research in the teachers’ use of ICT and it is the technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK). Early research indicates that Blended learning is increasingly being adopted at all levels of educational system. It is considered as a way to foster engaging in interactive learning experiences. The purpose of this article was to determine the levels of ICT knowledge on e-course design through blended learning approach among science teachers of secondary schools in Yemen. The study was conducted on the sample of 60 science teacher trainees in Ibb city. The ICT knowledge scale was used based on TPACK. To analyze the data t-test was used. The findings in this study indicated that TPACK has provided a valuable tool for assessing teacher knowledge in the area of technology integration, the teachers’ ICT knowledge was above average in two groups, and there is significant difference between experimental and control groups on ICT knowledge scale. Recommendations are made for future research on online collaboration activities to raise awareness of factors related to online group work and to determine the in-service training needs of teachers on ICT use to follow-up support and to ensure successful utilization of new technologies.
Keywords: Blended Learning; Computer Assisted Instruction; Control Groups; ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE); Experimental Groups; Foreign Countries; Higher Education; Information Technology; Instructional Design; Instructional Effectiveness; Knowledge Level; Likert Scales; Online Courses; Pedagogical Content Knowledge; Postsecondary Education; Preservice Teachers; Pretests Posttests; Quasiexperimental Design; Science Teachers; Secondary Education; Secondary School Teachers; Technological Literacy; Technology Uses in Education; Trainees; Yemen; __:import:01; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2096173; __finaldtb

Digital & Innovative Learning in Pakistan: The domestic K12 products and services industry overview and enterprise directory - Qazilbash, Zulfiqar; Javeed, Khadija (2020)

Factors determining digital divide in Ghana's basic schools - Quaicoe, James Sunney; Pata, Kai (2015 IST-Africa Conference, 2015)
This paper explores the concept of digital divide (DD) in Ghana’s basic schools in Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolis in Western Region. We tested the ICT culture variables as well as school location factor in respect to school’s digital divide. A survey sample contained 17 regional city schools from three different locations – central city in the region, towns away from the central city, and village schools. The survey instrument was developed with ten ICT culture variables. The variables in the instrument met the Cronbach’s Alpha threshold value of α = 0.70. Data was analysed with Descriptive statistics, Hierarchical Cluster analysis, Independent t-test, and Canonical discriminant analysis. We found that school location did not determine the schools DD, nonetheless the schools were digitally divided, – 2 clusters were found among schools. This DD was determined by certain ICT culture variables: Teacher’s ICT competences and the usage of ICT in Teacher’s professional practice were paramount.

Modelling Factors Influencing Digital Readiness: A Case of Teachers in Ghana’s Basic School System - Quaicoe, James Sunney; Pata, Kai (Springer International Publishing, 2015)
This study explored the factors involved in developing teachers’ digital readiness towards ICT integration in basic schools. A survey with teachers in the Western Ghana was carried out; a sample (N = 85) teachers from 17 schools selected from the urban, peri-urban and rural areas participated. We used Valsiner’s Zone of Free Movement (ZFM) and Zone of Promoted Action (ZPA) to model the factors in which teachers’ digital readiness is formed as the final level of Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). In our hypothetical model, ZFM comprised factors related with surrounding ICT environment in schools, and teachers’ culturally defined predispositions related to ICT use and issues; ZPA an intervention-related factor projected teacher actions within ZFM to facilitate learning in the range of ZPD. The hypothesised model was evaluated with SEM-Path analysis – using regression analysis. The final path model indicated that the ZFM factors related with ICT environment in schools and the culturally defined predispositions related to ICT use; constrained the intervention-related ZPA factor that in turn has impact on teachers’ digital activities. In addition, ZFM factors directly influenced at what level of digital knowledge, -application, -skills and -confidence teachers arrived, and what their projections in using ICT were in the final stage of ZPD.
Keywords: ICT integration; Teacher digital readiness; ZFM; ZPA; ZPD

Teachers’ digital literacy and digital activity as digital divide components among basic schools in Ghana - Quaicoe, James Sunney; Pata, Kai (Education and Information Technologies, 2020)
This survey-based study explores the nature of Digital Divide among Ghana’s basic (primary and junior high) schools from the perspective of Teachers’ Digital Literacy and their usage of digital technologies in school. The ICT-enhanced Teacher Standards for Africa (ICTeTSA) Framework comprising digital attitude, knowledge, skills and application components was used for measuring the perceived Teacher Digital Literacy, while, the European Union’s rubrics for measuring ICT frequency in schools was adopted for estimating the extent of teachers’ digital technology usage/activities. The study covered six districts in Ghana with 233 teachers (n = 233) sampled from 45 schools. Based perceptions of the Teacher Digital Literacy two significantly different Digital Divide clusters were found among schools that diverged based on the teachers’ digital application component of Teacher Digital Literacy. While, most schools teachers claimed an above average level of Teacher Digital Literacy; however, more than 50% of the schools are digitally proactive. Suggesting that teachers appear not to be actually using ICT tools and digital resources for professional practice. The cluster of schools differentiated by the extent of digital activities (TDA) were performed weekly. The study reveals several critical issues of teachers’ digital empowerment for technology in Ghana’s basic schools, of which school-based management (SBM) governance be adapted to address them.

The Teachers’ Digital Literacy: Determining Digital Divide in Public Basic Schools in Ghana - Quaicoe, James Sunney; Pata, Kai (Springer International Publishing, 2015)
This study explored the role of the teacher’s digital literacy (TDL) among other schools’ digital culture (SDC) components in determining Digital Divide (DD) among Ghana’s basic schools. A paper-based survey was conducted with teachers and head-teachers from randomly sampled 17 basic schools in various locations in Ghana. The questionnaire was adopted from the Institute for Capacity Building – UNESCO and EU rubrics for measuring ICT in education; and explored nine Digital Culture components including TDL. Data were analysed using K-means Clustering, Correlation analysis, Discriminant analysis, and Independent-samples T-test. The schools were clustered based on SDC components into two DD groups; the principal influencing factors were Teachers’ digital literacy and ICT related policy documents. The school groups particularly differed based on whether they not only had the digital literacy competences, but also applied these competences in their teaching and professional development in schools. We argue that in spite of training for TDL, many schools still lack other digital culture components, and this may hinder them in applying ICT in their schools.
Keywords: Digital divide; Digital literacy; Information literacy; School digital culture; Teacher digital literacy

How well do discrete choice experiments predict health choices? A systematic review and meta-analysis of external validity - Quaife, Matthew; Terris-Prestholt, Fern; Di Tanna, Gian Luca; Vickerman, Peter (The European Journal of Health Economics, 2018)
Discrete choice experiments (DCEs) are economic tools that elicit the stated preferences of respondents. Because of their increasing importance in informing the design of health products and services, it is critical to understand the extent to which DCEs give reliable predictions outside of the experimental context. We systematically reviewed the literature of published DCE studies comparing predictions to choices made in reality; we extracted individual-level data to estimate a bivariate mixed-effects model of pooled sensitivity and specificity. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria, and six of these gave sufficient data for inclusion in a meta-analysis. Pooled sensitivity and specificity estimates were 88% (95% CI 81, 92%) and 34% (95% CI 23, 46%), respectively, and the area under the SROC curve (AUC) was 0.60 (95% CI 0.55, 0.64). Results indicate that DCEs can produce reasonable predictions of health-related behaviors. There is a great need for future research on the external validity of DCEs, particularly empirical studies assessing predicted and revealed preferences of a representative sample of participants.

The political economy of the primary education system in Tanzania - Quak, Evert-jan (K4D Helpdesk Report, 2020)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Careers in Motion: A Longitudinal Retention Study of Role Changing Among Early-Career Urban Educators - Quartz, Karen; Thomas, Andrew; Anderson, Lauren; Masyn, Katherine; Lyons, Kimberly; Olsen, Brad (Teachers College Record, 2008)
Background/Context Teacher retention, especially of qualified teachers within high-poverty schools, is an issue of local, national, and international concern. School staffing research has typically examined two groups: those who remain in full-time classroom teaching versus those who quit teaching altogether. This article complicates the teacher staffing picture and adds a third category of attrition: role changing, which is the phenomenon of teachers shifting into nonteaching professional roles in the field of education. Purpose We asked what proportion of teacher career movement within our sample was attributable to leaving teaching versus role changing. Further, we wanted to know the influence of race/ethnicity, gender, credential type, and age on role-changing patterns. Research Design To deepen our understanding of teacher career patterns, we conducted a 6-year longitudinal study that involved collecting survey data on teacher career movement, school experiences, and attitudes from 838 well-prepared urban educators in their first through eighth career year. These educators had all completed master's degrees in the teacher education program of a high-status urban public university and all began their careers as teachers. After collecting the data, we documented and diagrammed career patterns. In addition, we analyzed the influence of select time invariant covariates on the hazard probabilities of both role changing and leaving education. Findings/Results The study found that not only did teachers move into a variety of non-teaching roles within the field of education, but they also followed diverse career “pathways” along the way. Survival analysis substantiated prior research showing that Latino teachers have lower attrition rates from the field of education compared with White teachers, but this effect disappeared for role changing with the field. In terms of gender, the men in our population were less likely to leave education entirely than women but more likely to leave teaching for a role change in career years 3–8. Teachers with single-subject (secondary) credentials were more likely than their colleagues who held multiple-subject (elementary) credentials to leave teaching for a role change in education. Conclusions/Recommendations Set within the framework of teacher professionalism, we argue that role changing is a form of sanctioned attrition and that understanding movement among roles within the educational workforce is essential for crafting policies and incentives to keep well-prepared teachers rooted in careers that serve the nation's most under-served students.

Child labour and education: a survey of slum settlements in Dhaka - Quattri, Maria; Watkins, Kevin (Overseas Development Institute (ODI), 2016)

Edraak - Queen Rania Foundation (Edraak, 2020)
Edraak, is a massive open online course (MOOC) platform, that is an initiative of the Queen Rania Foundation (QRF).

Home - Queen Rania Foundation

Karim and Jana - Queen Rania Foundation (2020)

QRF Fact Sheet: Gender and Education in Jordan - Queen Rania Foundation (2018)

Realization School learning - Queen Rania Foundation (Edraak, 2020)
Edraak, is a massive open online course (MOOC) platform, that is an initiative of the Queen Rania Foundation (QRF).

The Student Attitudes Survey - Queen Rania Foundation (2017)

أكاديمية الملكة رانيا لتدريب المعلمين - Queen Rania Foundation (2020)

Ghost schools can be traced through RTMS in Balochistan - Quetta Voice (Quetta Voice Breaking News, English News, Technology, Health, 2020)
The real time monitoring system (RTMS) proved to be an effective system in tracing of closed/ghost schools across Balochistan. The system was established

How do I ensure my EdTech investments are cost effective - RachelChuang, JamieProctor (EdTech Hub, 2022)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Keywords: _r:AddedByZotZen

Methodologies for mapping Ministry of Education EdTech interventions: Lessons from Ghana - Radford, Kate; Ampofo, Rudolph (EdTech Hub, 2022)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Keywords: _r:AddedByZotZen

Teachers as Guides: The role of teachers in the facilitation of technology-mediated learning in an alternative education setting in western Kenya - Radhakrishnan, Dhinesh; DeBoer, Jennifer; Kimani, Samuel (Purdue University, 2018)

Remote Learning: Evidence from Nepal during COVID-19 - Radhakrishnan, Karthika; Sabarwal, Shwetlena; Sharma, Uttam; Cullen, Claire; Crossley, Colin; Letsomo, Thato; Angrist, Noam (World Bank, 2021)
This note discusses early results from a distance education program on foundational numeracy for primary school students in Nepal during Coronavirus (COVID-19) evaluated in a randomized trial. The trial included 3,700 households with children in public school (grades 3-5). It provided support for foundational numeracy through mobile phone-based tutoring. The trial tested delivery through public school teachers and also through NGO facilitators. It led to a 30 percent increase in foundational numeracy, with teachers being slightly more effective at producing learning gains than NGO facilitators. These results suggest that instructional support through mobile phones can be a high-access and low-cost approach to providing instruction at scale
Keywords: Coronavirus; Covid-19; Numeracy; Pandemic Impact; Remote Learning; School Closure

TV Okey - Radio Television Malaysia (2020)

Portal Rasmi Jabatan Penyiaran Malaysia - Radio Televisyen Malaysia (Nama Agensi, 2022)

The genius of frugal innovation - Radjou, Navi (ideas.ted.com, 2017)
Human creativity is a natural, infinitely renewable resource — and it’s coming up with smart, cheap solutions to people’s biggest problems. Strategist Navi Radjou explains.

Girl-focused life skills interventions at a distance - Rafaeli, Tal (Institute of Development Studies, 2020)

COVID-19: A spotlight on child data governance gaps - Raftree, Linda; Byrne, Jasmina (UNICEF, 2020)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

COVID-19: A spotlight on child data governance gaps - Raftree, Linda; Day, Emma (2020)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate