Levar sala de aula até sala de casa é bom negócio na Geekie - Rosa, Joao Luiz (Valor Econômico, 2021)
Isolamento social ajudou ‘edtech’ a elevar o faturamento em mais de 170% no ano passado

Who’s teaching math to our most needy students? A descriptive study - Rosas, Clarissa; Campbell, Lisa (Teacher Education and Special Education, 2010)
The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) mandates that every classroom be staffed with a “highly qualified teacher.” Research supports that teachers’ content knowledge affects student achievement. However, the special education population continues to be taught by teachers who do not have the content area background they teach. In addition, accountability reports indicate that the special education population did not meet the adequate yearly progress in reading and mathematics as required under NCLB. The purpose of this study is to determine the mathematical background, beliefs, and perceptions of future intervention specialists. Results of this study indicate a disconnect between the participants’ beliefs and perceptions of their ability to provide math instruction and their limited mathematical background as measured by mathematical courses completed at the undergraduate level and by the Ohio Achievement Test—Practice Eighth Grade Mathematics.
Keywords: math; special education; standardized tests; teacher’s perception

Online mathematics homework increases student achievement - Roschelle, Jeremy; Feng, Mingyu; Murphy, Robert F.; Mason, Craig A. (AERA open, 2016)

Universal Design for Learning: Is It for Everyone? - Rose, D; Meyer, A (2006)
Universal Design for Learning (UDL) stands at the forefront of contemporary efforts to create universal access to educational curricula for all students, including those with disabilities. The "universal" in UDL does not mean there is a single optimal solution for everyone. Instead, it underscores the need for flexible approaches to teaching and learning that meet the needs of different kinds of learners. In this first UDL Reader, Anne Meyer and David H. Rose, cofounders of CAST, the educational nonprofit that developed the UDL framework, bring together a collection of articles on the practical, classroom dimensions of the UDL revolution in education. The authors offer insights on learner differences, the capacities of new media in the classroom, and effective teaching and assessment practices. The volume also includes lessons from teacher professional development workshops, classroom-based research, and UDL practitioners themselves. A highly readable volume aimed particularly at school teachers and administrators, this book is also an uncommonly accessible introduction to UDL for all readers committed to creating improved and universal access to educational materials for all students. Following a preface (Anne Meyer and David H. Rose), this book contains the following chapters: (1) Applying Universal Design for Learning in the Classroom (Peggy Coyne, Patricia Ganley, Tracey Hall, Grace Meo, Elizabeth Murray, and David Gordon); (2) A UDL Case Story and Model Lesson: Reading Challenges in Geography and Social Studies (The Staff at CAST); (3) Frequent Questions about Universal Design for Learning (Grace Meo); (4) A Level Playing Field: UDL in the Classroom (Lani Harac); (5) Teacher Perspectives: UDL in the Elementary Classroom (Kirsten Lee Howard); (6) Teacher Perspectives: Strategy Instruction Goes Digital (Nicole Strangman); (7) Implications of Universal Design for Learning for Classroom Assessment (David H. Rose and Robert P. Dolan); (8) The Promise of New Learning Environments for Students with Disabilities (Bart Pisha and Skip Stahl); (9) Transforming the Textbook to Improve Learning (Skip Stahl); (10) Engaging the Text: Brain Research and the Universal Design of Reading Strategy Supports (David H. Rose and Bridget Dalton); and (11) Teaching Internet Literacy Strategies: The Hero Inquiry Project (Maya B. Eagleton, Kathleen Guinee, and Karen Langlais). An index is also included.

Literature search protocol for the Evidence hub: Education partnerships between the state and non-state sector. - Rose, P; Downing, P (2019)
This methodological note provides an overview of a joint project to catalogue the research evidence on collaborations between the state and non-state sector in education in low income, lower-middle and upper-middle income countries. This document outlines the search protocol for the literature search, data extraction, and the development of the database.
Keywords: Secondary Review; _zenodoOTHER

Independent Evaluation of the Girls’ Education Challenge Phase II - Teachers and Teaching for Marginalised Girls - Rose, Pauline; Aslam, Monazza; Downing, Phoebe (2021)

Mapping the landscape of education research by scholars based in sub-Saharan Africa Insights from the African Education Research Database - Rose, Pauline; Downing, Pheobe; Asare, Samuel; Mitchell, Rafael (Zenodo, 2019)
This report outlines key features of education research undertaken by scholars based in sub-Saharan Africa, as represented in the African Education Research Database. The database catalogues social science research with implications for education policy and practice in sub-Saharan Africa, published in reputable journals and written by at least one researcher based in the region. In exclusively cataloguing research conducted by researchers based in sub-Saharan Africa, the African Education Research Database is a unique resource for educational development research and policy in the region.
Keywords: Reviewed; _zenodoOTHER

Transformative political leadership to promote 12 years of quality education for all girls - Rose, Pauline; Gordon, Rebecca; Marston, Lauren; Zubairi, Asma; Downing, Phoebe (REAL Centre, Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge, 2020)

Identifying Disability In Household Surveys: Evidence On Education Access And Learning For Children With Disabilities In Pakistan - Rose, Pauline; Singal, Nidhi; Bari, Faisal; Malik, Rabea; Kamran, Sahar (REAL Centre, Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge, 2018)
This policy brief presents key findings from data on education of children with disabilities in Pakistan with respect to both access and learning. It draws on data from on-going research as part of the ESRC-DFID funded Teaching Effectively All Children (TEACh) project, along with data from ASER Pakistan.
Keywords: _not_EdTechHub; _zenodoOTHER

Developing Inclusive Education Policy in Sierra Leone: A Research Informed Approach - Rose, R.; Garner, P.; Farrow, B. (Inclusion, Equity and Access for Individuals with Disabilities., 2019)

Investigating the situation for children with autism and their families in Cambodia - Rose, Richard; Jegannathan, Bhoomikumar; Mong, Dalin; Pat, Puthy; Sok, Derozet (Education Sciences, 2023)
Keywords: ⛔ No INSPIRE recid found

Education reform for the expansion of mother-tongue education in Ghana - Rosekrans, Kristin; Sherris, Arieh; Chatry-Komarek, Marie (International Review of Education, 2012)

Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSE) - Rosenberg, M. (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, 1965)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Society and the adolescent self-image - Rosenberg, Morris (Princeton University Press, 1965)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Languages in competition in Rwanda: Who is winning on the linguistic market? - Rosendal, Tove (2010)

Independent Samples T-Test - Ross, Amanda; Willson, Victor L. (Basic and Advanced Statistical Tests: Writing Results Sections and Creating Tables and Figures, 2017)
An independent samples t-test compares the means of two groups. The data are interval for the groups. There is not an assumption of normal distribution (if the distribution of one or both groups is really unusual, the t-test will not give good results with unequal sample sizes), but there is an assumption that the two standard deviations are equal. If the sample sizes are equal or very similar in size, even that assumption is not critical.

The difference between economic and financial analysis for WASH services - Ross, Ian (WASHeconomics.com, 2018)
The distinction between economic analysis and financial analysis is not always straightforward. In this post I try to clarify this. Definitions I have previously defined WASH economics as “the stud…

Needs-based resource allocation in education: via formula funding of schools - Ross, Kenneth N.; Levačić, Rosalind; International Institute for Educational Planning (UNESCO, International Institute for Educational Planning, 1999)
Keywords: Allocation Education; Education; Education and state; Finance

Teachers Learning Together: Large-scale approaches to teacher communities of practice - Rossignoli, Serena; Amenya, Donvan; Kamana, Dieudonne; Tiganescu, Andrea; Kudenko, Irina (Education Development Trust, 2020)
Keywords: C:Kenya / Rwanda

iLearning: the future of higher education? Student perceptions on learning with mobile tablets - Rossing, Jonathan P; Miller, Willie M; Cecil, Amanda K; Stamper, Suzan E (Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 2012)
The growing use of mobile technology on college campuses suggests the future of the classroom, including learning activities, research, and even studentfaculty communications, will rely heavily on mobile technology. Since Fall 2010, an interdisciplinary team of faculty from Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) has experimented with the use of iPads in the classroom. This paper includes the preliminary results of a study on student impressions of mobile technology in the classroom. The paper will report both opportunities and limitations for incorporating mobile technologies in learning environments.
Keywords: ⚠️ Invalid DOI

Link It, Open It, Use It: Changing How Education Data Are Used to Generate Ideas - Rossiter, Jack (Note, 2020)

Link it, open it, use it: changing how education data are used to generate ideas - Rossiter, Jack (Center for Global Development, 2020)

Link It, Open It, Use It: Changing How Education Data Are Used to Generate Ideas - Rossiter, Jack (Note, 2020)

Do High-Stakes Exams Promote Consistent Educational Standards? - Rossiter, Jack; Abreh, Might Kojo; Ali, Aisha; Sandefur, Justin (Working Papers, 2021)
Each year over two million secondary-school students across English-speaking West Africa sit coordinated exams, with the explicit goal of maintaining consistent educational standards across schools and over time. We find that scores across math items drawn from different exam years—when taken by an identical group of students on the same day—closely track fluctuations in Ghana’s national pass rates over time, absent any role for cheating or changes in real performance.

Numbers and words: Combining quantitative and qualitative methods in a single large-scale evaluation study - Rossman, Gretchen B.; Wilson, Bruce L. (Evaluation Review, 1985)
Keywords: ⚠️ Invalid DOI

Epistemic mediation: Video data as filters for the objectification of teaching by teachers - Roth, Wolff-Michael (Video Research in the Learning Sciences, 2007)
Learning science researchers attempting to understand situated human practices traditionally have relied on ethnographic observation and field notes recorded after the events have occurred. However, as Jordan and Henderson articulated in the opening quote, they are faced with the gap between accounts of action and (situated) ac-tions themselves. The problem is heightened when learning science researchers become themselves participants in the setting under study. Thus, a number of learning science researchers-including Magdalene Lampert, Jim Minstrell, David Hammer, and myself-conducted research on cognition and instruction all the while teaching the lessons that are the focus of their studies. Furthermore, an increasing number of teachers continue their formal education and become learning science researchers and teach at elementary and secondary schools. Teacher-researchers are confronted with particular challenges arising from the fact that they are participants in rather than onlookers to the situation to be analyzed and theorized. They are interested rather than disinterested participants, and therefore have something at stake, which harbors particular dangers for the quality of the analyses of learning and instruction in their classrooms that accompany the analytic advantages that derive from their insider role (Roth & Tobin, 2002). Video, as the second quote shows, provides opportunities to teacher-researchers to see themselves and their experiences differently, even pertaining to their own actions. In the second quote, Christina described how watching herself on videotape allowed her notice that she was standing a lot next to the chalkboard even when it was not used during interactions with students. That is, by means of the video, she became aware of her own actions in a different way.

A comparative analysis of e-learning policy formulation in the European Union and the United States: discursive convergence and divergence - Roumell Erichsen, Elizabeth; Salajan, Florin D. (Comparative Education Review, 2014)

The evolution of U.S. e-learning policy: a content analysis of the National Education Technology Plans - Roumell, Elizabeth Anne; Salajan, Florin Daniel (Educational Policy, 2016)
The purpose of this study was threefold: to expand on existing reviews of 20 years of educational technology policy in the United States, to perform an empirical content analysis of the four National Education Technology Plan (NETP) documents issued by the Department of Education since 1996, and to provide a dialectic analysis of the evolution of U.S. e-learning policy. The content analysis revealed that, as the United States aims to reestablish its leadership role internationally, with a focus on global competitiveness, a sense of urgency is communicated in the development of e-learning policy and general education reform over time throughout each of the NETP documents, justifying the need for increased funding and support for federal level initiative in terms of educational technology policy. Through a dialectical analysis, endemic tensions within the NETP discourse become apparent in the competing visions of education as a means of both conferring economic fluency and mobility to individuals within the society.

Parents’ New Role and Needs During the COVID-19 Educational Emergency - Rousoulioti, Thomais; Tsagari, Dina; Giannikas, Christina Nicole (Interchange, 2022)
This article contributes to the on-going discussion of parental involvement in the education of children, with emphasis on new and unfamiliar roles of parents during the COVID-19 pandemic. The case study undertaken focuses on parents of first graders who belong to non-vulnerable and vulnerable social groups, and the first-grade teachers of a public primary school in the north of Greece. Research questions address the experience of ‘parents–teachers’, the need for technological tools and the required digital literacy, as well as the impact of homeschooling on the wellbeing of the family unit. Data were collected using semi-structured individual interviews. The data analysis shows that parents of both social groups took on the role of the teacher to accommodate the learning challenges of first graders. Mothers from vulnerable groups, in particular, encountered various challenges when attempting to support their children mainly in language lessons. Regarding the use of new technologies, the pandemic found parents of both groups unprepared and unfamiliar with the process of distance education. Stress and worry were the dominant emotions from the very start of homeschooling during the early stages of the pandemic while towards the end of the first lockdown, exhaustion overwhelmed parents and pupils. The article concludes with emphasizing the importance of active parental involvement and coaching that enables parents to contribute substantially to their children’s education in emergency situations.

The importance of theoretical positioning and the relevance of using bibliometrics for literature reviews - Rowe, Frantz; Kanita, Nada; Walsh, Isabelle (Journal of Decision Systems, 2023)
The theoretical positioning of a review is of the utmost importance in terms of its contribution to knowledge. This paper clarifies the significance of this design principle for different types of review i.e. for describing, understanding, explaining or testing purposes. Furthermore, new tools now mean that it is both possible and relevant for bibliometrics novices to use bibliometrics to support literature reviews. Applying the BIBGT method and combining two bibliometric techniques – co-citation analysis of references and bibliographic coupling of documents – can enhance the efficiency of the first three types of literature review. This paper provides examples of published works that apply BIBGT to each of these types of review and highlights the bibliometric software used. It concludes with a survey of promising applications for all researchers and makes recommendations for both experienced literature review researchers and literature review novices.
Keywords: _Added-ailr-2024

Promoting education for sustainable development by using ICT enhanced problem based learning in a developing country - Roy, A.; Kihoza, P.; Suhonen, J.; Vesisenaho, M. (2012 IEEE Fourth International Conference on Technology for Education, 2012)
One of the goals of education is to create responsible citizens who can understand and respond to problems in their societies adequately. Such acts of responsibility may need knowledge, ability to think critically about the problem and some action towards a possible solution. Previous research shows that forest fires in Tanzania are serious social problem. Adequate education about this problem does not take place because of lack of number of teachers required and lack of qualification among the teachers. This study used ICT media to connect the expertise of local environmental officers to school students who creatively conducted projects-based-learning activities to solve local environmental conservation problems. These projects when followed by student presentations encourage and ensure that students learn about the problem well. Amix-method research approach shows that the use of video for learning and providing environmental education was ranked as being very effective by participants.
Keywords: Communities; Educational institutions; Fires; ICT enhanced problem based learning; ICT media; ICT supported pedagogical model; ICT4D; ICT4E; Project Based Learning; Reflection; Sociology; Vegetation; computer aided instruction; developing country; environmental education; environmental science computing; information technology; interactive video; learning videos; local environmental conservation problems; local environmental officers; problem solving; problems in developing world; projects-based-learning activity; responsible citizens; school students; social awareness; social issues; student presentations; sustainable development; technical presentation

Promoting proper education for sustainability: An exploratory study of ICT enhanced Problem Based Learning in a developing country - Roy, Amit; Kihoza, Patrick; Suhonen, Jarkko; Vesisenaho, Mikko; Tukiaianen, Markku (International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology (IJEDICT), 2014)
One of the goals of education is to create responsible citizens who can adequately understand the problems faced by their societies and who can then act to help solve them. Such behaviour can be fostered through proper education that facilitates expert knowledge about social issues, nurtures the ability to think critically and learns the skills needed to pro-actively search for possible solutions. Through this study we aimed to develop an Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) supported pedagogical framework, Children as Agents of Social Change (CASC), as a possible vehicle to facilitate appropriate education about social issues. This article analyses the first implementation of the CASC framework carried out at schools in Tanzania. Forest fires in Tanzania are often caused by human activity and education about this pressing problem needs to be provisioned on a large scale. However, due to a lack of teachers and teacher expertise, this is not the reality. With help of the local community, we created a locally contextualised video supported by a Problem Based Learning (PBL) solution to connect local forest experts with school students. These students then creatively conducted PBL activities in order to help solve local environmental and conservation problems. Data was collected through pre- and post-tests of control-experimental groups and teacher interviews. Results suggest that the participants were enlightened as to a variety of active problem solving possibilities and that they ranked the CASC methodology as an effective approach to sustainability.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Bangladesh: Using open school data to improve transparency and accountability - Roy, Dipu; Miah, Abu Said Juel (2018)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Digitizing taxation and premature formalization in developing countries - Roy, Pallavi; Khan, Mushtaq H. (Development and Change, 2021)
The digitization of taxation systems can assist inclusion. However, it can also inadvertently lead to adverse outcomes for the poor in developing countries where many firms in the informal sector have low capabilities. Moreover, larger formal sector firms are often politically networked and in a position to engage in extractive informal transactions that digitization alone cannot restrict. Thus, while digitization creates tools for the enforcement of formal regulations, formalization can be unequal. This contribution focuses on digitized taxation as an application of a more general problem with digitization as a tool for formalization, referring to evidence from the rollout of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India. Using the analysis of political settlements, the authors distinguish between types of rule violations in developing economies. Networked higher-capability firms engage in ‘informal’ transactions when they violate rules to extract rents. This is different from the informality of unregistered micro and small enterprises in the informal sector who often violate rules they cannot adhere to, and make informal payments to enforcers to continue operating. When digital technologies are used in these contexts, adverse outcomes for welfare and inclusion can follow from ‘premature formalization’. A more cautious and inclusive path to formalization is necessary to protect vulnerable groups.

الرزاز: "رياض الأطفال" ستكون متاحة لجميع الاطفال في الأردن العام المقبل - Roya News (رؤيا الأخباري, 2020)
الرزاز: "رياض الأطفال" ستكون متاحة لجميع الاطفال ....

COVID-19 Response Plan - Royal Government of Bhutan (2020)

Cambodia Digital Economy and Society Policy Framework 2021–2035 - Royal Government of Cambodia (2021)

General Population Census of the Kingdom of Cambodia 2019 - Royal Government of Cambodia (National Institute of Statistics, Ministry of Planning, 2020)

National Policy on Lifelong Learning 2018 - Royal Government of Cambodia (2018)

National Strategic Development Plan - Royal Government of Cambodia (2019)

Pentagonal Strategy Phase I - Royal Government of Cambodia (2023)

Rectangular Strategy - Royal Government of Cambodia (2018)

Report on Cambodia Labour Force Survey 2019 - Royal Government of Cambodia Ministry of Planning (2019)

Statistical Yearbook of Cambodia 2021 - Royal Government of Cambodia Ministry of Planning (2021)

Tangerine® – Mobile Learning Assessments Made Easy - RTI

Assessing social and emotional learning in Tanzania: an interview with Matthew Jukes - RTI International (Medium, 2018)
Social emotional learning is likely to be strongly influenced by culture, but global variation has yet to be captured because much of the…

Assistance to Basic Education: All Children Reading (ABE-ACR) Findings Report, Tanzania National Early Grade Reading Assessment (EGRA) - RTI International (USAID, 2016)

Improving Early Grade Education Across Kenya - RTI International (RTI, 2022)
Tusome focuses on four key interventions developed and proven to improve literacy outcomes in Kenya. Learn about the impact of this program.

Science of Teaching - Overview: Structured Pedagogy Guides, and a Note to Education Leaders - RTI International (2021)

Tangerine® – Mobile Learning Assessments Made Easy - RTI International (RTI, 2016)
Since 2010, improving early grade reading has been a top priority for RTI and for many bilateral and multilateral donors, including the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), The World Bank, UK Aid and others. In support of this work and to improve upon paper forms of assessment, RTI developed a mobile assessment and coaching tool we dubbed Tangerine. Open source for all users, Tangerine is a first-of-its-kind software application optimized for offline data collection on low-cost Android tablets.

Tayari Parent Engagement Pilot Intervention Summary Report - RTI International (RTI International, 2019)

The Primary Math and Reading Initiative (PRIMR) - RTI International (2014)

Tusome Early Grade Reading Activity - RTI International (RTI, 2016)
Across Kenya, literacy rates in primary schools are significantly lower than expected despite increased access and enrollment. The Kenyan education system is seeking to improve learning outcomes by instilling better instructional practices, expanding resources for teacher training, and developing learning materials that support multilingual literacy. Kenya’s approach to the challenge of raising literacy and learning outcomes is unique in its ambitious goals and well-researched methods for achieving its goal at a national scale.

Tusome Early Grade Reading Activity - RTI International (RTI, 2016)
Across Kenya, literacy rates in primary schools are significantly lower than expected despite increased access and enrollment. The Kenyan education system is seeking to improve learning outcomes by instilling better instructional practices, expanding resources for teacher training, and developing learning materials that support multilingual literacy. Kenya’s approach to the challenge of raising literacy and learning outcomes is unique in its ambitious goals and well-researched methods for achieving its goal at a national scale.

Assessing Early Childhood Fluid Reasoning in Low- and Middle-Income Nations: Validity of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence Across Seven MAL-ED Sites - Ruan-Iu, Linda; Pendergast, Laura L.; Rasheed, Muneera; Tofail, Fahmida; Svensen, Erling; Maphula, Angelina; Roshan, Reeba; Nahar, Baitun; Shrestha, Rita; Williams, Brittney; Schaefer, Barbara A.; Scharf, Rebecca; et al. (Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 2019)
An adapted version of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence—Third Edition (WPPSI-III) was administered to assess cognitive functioning among 1,253 5-year-old children from the Malnutrition and Enteric Disease (MAL-ED) study—an international, multisite study investigating multiple aspects of child development. In this study, the factor structure and invariance of the WPPSI-III were examined across seven international research sites located in Bangladesh, Brazil, India, Nepal, Pakistan, South Africa, and Tanzania. Using a multiple indicator multiple cause (MIMIC) modeling approach, the findings supported the validity of a fluid reasoning dimension (comprised of block design, matrix reasoning, and picture completion subscales) across each of the seven sites, although the scores were noninvariant. Accordingly, these scores are recommended for research purposes and understanding relationships between variables but not for mean comparisons or clinical purposes.

Introducing ICT into schools in Rwanda: Educational challenges and opportunities - Rubagiza, Jolly; Were, Edmond; Sutherland, Rosamund (International Journal of Educational Development, 2011)

Introducing ICT into schools in Rwanda: Educational challenges and opportunities - Rubagiza, Jolly; Were, Edmond; Sutherland, Rosamund (International Journal of Educational Development, 2011)
The Rwandan government views Information and Communication Technology (ICT) as a key tool for transforming the economy, with the education sector playing an important role in developing the necessary human resources. Since 2000 there has been a big push to introduce computers into schools and integrate ICT into the education curriculum through a range of initiatives. Within this paper we draw on the research of EdQual, a DFID funded project in order to examine issues related to the use of ICTs in schools in Rwanda. We argue that the potential of ICT will not be realised by the mere introduction of computers and ICT infrastructure in schools. We show that current policy initiatives appear to be disadvantaging particular groups, such as girls and those living in rural communities. Drawing on Sen's capability approach as a framework for theorising issues of education policy and social justice, we discuss how engagement with ICT can be reconceptualised as access to the capability of what Jenkins calls participatory culture. We also argue that without a shift in practices of teaching and learning with ICT in schools young people are not likely to learn how to exploit the capabilities offered by access to ICT.
Keywords: Curriculum; Education; ICT; Rwanda; Social justice

Introducing ICT into schools in Rwanda: Educational challenges and opportunities - Rubagiza, Jolly; Were, Edmond; Sutherland, Rosamund (International Journal of Educational Development, 2011)

Introducing ICT into schools in Rwanda: Educational challenges and opportunities - Rubagiza, Jolly; Were, Edmond; Sutherland, Rosamund (International Journal of Educational Development, 2011)
The Rwandan government views Information and Communication Technology (ICT) as a key tool for transforming the economy, with the education sector playing an important role in developing the necessary human resources. Since 2000 there has been a big push to introduce computers into schools and integrate ICT into the education curriculum through a range of initiatives. Within this paper we draw on the research of EdQual, a DFID funded project in order to examine issues related to the use of ICTs in schools in Rwanda. We argue that the potential of ICT will not be realised by the mere introduction of computers and ICT infrastructure in schools. We show that current policy initiatives appear to be disadvantaging particular groups, such as girls and those living in rural communities. Drawing on Sen's capability approach as a framework for theorising issues of education policy and social justice, we discuss how engagement with ICT can be reconceptualised as access to the capability of what Jenkins calls participatory culture. We also argue that without a shift in practices of teaching and learning with ICT in schools young people are not likely to learn how to exploit the capabilities offered by access to ICT.
Keywords: Curriculum; Education; ICT; Rwanda; Social justice; ⛔ No INSPIRE recid found

A three-tier citizenship: can the state in Tanzania guarantee linguistic human rights? - Rubagumya, Casmir M (EdQual Research Programme Consortium, 2007)

Strengthening ASEAN women's participation in STEM - Rubin, Caroline; Utomo, Eko (USAID, 2022)
Keywords: ⛔ No INSPIRE recid found

Goal attainment scaling as an outcome measure in randomized controlled trials of psychosocial interventions in autism. - Ruble, Lisa; McGrew, John H.; Toland, Michael D. (Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2012)
Goal attainment scaling (GAS) holds promise as an idiographic approach for measuring outcomes of psychosocial interventions in community settings. GAS has been criticized for untested assumptions of scaling level (i.e., interval or ordinal), inter-individual equivalence and comparability, and reliability of coding across different behavioral observation methods. We tested assumptions of equality between GAS descriptions for outcome measurement in a randomized trial (i.e., measurability, equidistance, level of difficulty, comparability of behavior samples collected from teachers vs. researchers and live vs. videotape). Results suggest GAS descriptions can be evaluated for equivalency, that teacher collected behavior samples are representative, and that varied sources of behavior samples can be reliably coded. GAS is a promising measurement approach. Recommendations are provided to ensure methodological quality.
Keywords: Autism; Goal attainment scaling; Outcome measurement; Psychosocial intervention; Randomized controlled trials; Reliability

EQUIP-Tanzania Impact Evaluation: Endline qualitative evaluation report - Ruddle, Nicola; Jagmag, Mehjabeen; Casey, Kelly; Medardi, Deogardius; Sutoris, Peter (Oxford Policy Management, 2020)

EQUIP-Tanzania impact evaluation - Ruddle, Nicola; Rawle, Georgina (Oxford Policy Management, 2020)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Establishing a Safe Container for Learning in Simulation: The Role of the Presimulation Briefing - Rudolph, Jenny W.; Raemer, Daniel B.; Simon, Robert (Simulation in Healthcare: The Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare, 2014)
Summary Statement In the absence of theoretical or empirical agreement on how to establish and maintain engagement in instructor-led health care simulation debriefings, we organize a set of promising practices we have identified in closely related fields and our own work. We argue that certain practices create a psychologically safe context for learning, a so-called safe container. Establishing a safe container, in turn, allows learners to engage actively in simulation plus debriefings despite possible disruptions to that engagement such as unrealistic aspects of the simulation, potential threats to their professional identity, or frank discussion of mistakes. Establishing a psychologically safe context includes the practices of (1) clarifying expectations, (2) establishing a “fiction contract” with participants, (3) attending to logistic details, and (4) declaring and enacting a commitment to respecting learners and concern for their psychological safety. As instructors collaborate with learners to perform these practices, consistency between what instructors say and do may also impact learners’ engagement.

Behavioral Insights for Public Policy: Concepts and Cases - Ruggeri, Kai; Jarke, Hannes; Berkessel, Jana; Benzerga, Amel; Hlavova, Renata; Immonen, Johanna; Kunz, Marvin; Ojinaga Alfageme, Olatz; Paul, Alessandro; Plohl, Nejc; Prinz, Gerhard; Steinnes, Kamilla; et al. (2019)
https://www.routledge.com/Behavioral-Insights-for-Public-Policy-Concepts-and-Cases/Ruggeri/p/book/9781138484238 The first decades of the 21st century have offered a remarkable shift in how policies are made as well as who designs them. Until this period, advisory boards for local, regional, and national policy strategies largely comprised economists, lawyers, and financial experts. These panels made recommendations based on standing theory and, in some cases, subject-matter expertise, such as energy or healthcare. What has changed is how the behavioral sciences, largely psychology, have been embraced within these groups, thanks largely to extensive evidence from empirical research in how populations save, spend, eat, exercise, and work. While the application to policy may have contemporary versions, the behavioral side of economic theory itself is not new. Relevant insights on this go at least as far back as the 18th century with Daniel Bernoulli and Adam Smith, and continued steadily over the next two centuries with significant works from the likes of Wilhelm Wundt, Herbert Simon, and Roald Coase, among many others. However, how it came to be is perhaps more critical than merely who drove it. In each of these waves, a major shift in thinking was often preceded by empirical study that either attempted to explain how humans apply logic, or by surprising deviations from what appears to be rational. This textbook covers a range of topics from the origins of policy through to how recent advances in theory and practice have shifted our thinking on outcomes for society. Each section, including the fundamentals of behavioral sciences, policy development and evaluation, and all of the domains – economic, health, energy, education, workplace – cover examples of how behavioral insights are being used to address some of the most critical challenges we face. The cases and concepts presented in this book demonstrate the considerable value, both realized and potential, in studying as well as implementing behavioral insights into a variety of policy domains. We are still very much in the early days of this field, which means that these are merely fundamentals for educating and inspiring future generations of researchers, policymakers, and government leaders. As progress continues, how ultimate goals relevant to society are defined and targeted will become an increasingly important refrain amongst those involved in developing them. In these ways, we can consistently align our approaches with the most critical matters of local, national, and global communities: our safety, our stability, and our well-being.

Teachers and Students Perceptions on the Utilisation of Educational Media in Teaching and Learning History and Government in Secondary Schools in Kenya - Rugut, E.; Role, Jesse (2016)
The purpose of conducting this study was to determine the perception that students and teachers held on the utilisation of educational media in teaching and learning of History and Government subject in public secondary schools in Nandi Central Sub County, Kenya. The study involved participation of 10 secondary schools from the area. The target population for the study involved 48 teachers and 257 form IV students. The data for the research was collected through questionnaires. Research results showed that majority of student rated that educational media was very helpful in learning History and Government. Teachers had more positive perceptions towards the integration of educational media in teaching and learning of History and Government in secondary schools in Nandi Central Sub-County. There was a significant difference on the teachers perception and students perception on the use of educational media in teaching and learning History and Government in secondary schools (p<0.05). The study concluded that teachers and students perceived differently on the effect of utilisation of educational media in teaching and learning History and Government subject in secondary schools in Nandi Central. The study recommends that teachers should go for in-service training to be acquainted with new educational media resources. Teachers should also work closely with students when designing, improvising and utilising educational media resources in teaching and learning in schools.
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

Teachers and Students Perceptions on the Utilisation of Educational Media in Teaching and Learning History and Government in Secondary Schools in Kenya - Rugut, Eunice; Jesse, Role (International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 2016)
Call for Papers - International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) is a Fully Refereed - Peer Reviewed International Journal. Notably, it is a Referred, Highly Indexed, Online International Journal with High Impact Factor.
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate; ⛔ No DOI found

Teachers and Students Perceptions on the Utilisation of Educational Media in Teaching and Learning History and Government in Secondary Schools in Kenya - Rugut, Eunice; Role, Jesse (2013)
The purpose of conducting this study was to determine the perception that students and teachers held on the utilisation of educational media in teaching and learning of History and Government subject in public secondary schools in Nandi Central Sub County, Kenya. The study involved participation of 10 secondary schools from the area. The target population for the study involved 48 teachers and 257 form IV students. The data for the research was collected through questionnaires. Research results showed that majority of student rated that educational media was very helpful in learning History and Government. Teachers had more positive perceptions towards the integration of educational media in teaching and learning of History and Government in secondary schools in Nandi Central Sub-County. There was a significant difference on the teachers perception and students perception on the use of educational media in teaching and learning History and Government in secondary schools (p<0.05). The study concluded that teachers and students perceived differently on the effect of utilisation of educational media in teaching and learning History and Government subject in secondary schools in Nandi Central. The study recommends that teachers should go for in-service training to be acquainted with new educational media resources. Teachers should also work closely with students when designing, improvising and utilising educational media resources in teaching and learning in schools.
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

Teachers and Students Perceptions on the Utilisation of Educational Media in Teaching and Learning History and Government in Secondary Schools in Kenya - Rugut, Eunice; Role, Jesse (2013)
The purpose of conducting this study was to determine the perception that students and teachers held on the utilisation of educational media in teaching and learning of History and Government subject in public secondary schools in Nandi Central Sub County, Kenya. The study involved participation of 10 secondary schools from the area. The target population for the study involved 48 teachers and 257 form IV students. The data for the research was collected through questionnaires. Research results showed that majority of student rated that educational media was very helpful in learning History and Government. Teachers had more positive perceptions towards the integration of educational media in teaching and learning of History and Government in secondary schools in Nandi Central Sub-County. There was a significant difference on the teachers perception and students perception on the use of educational media in teaching and learning History and Government in secondary schools (p<0.05). The study concluded that teachers and students perceived differently on the effect of utilisation of educational media in teaching and learning History and Government subject in secondary schools in Nandi Central. The study recommends that teachers should go for in-service training to be acquainted with new educational media resources. Teachers should also work closely with students when designing, improvising and utilising educational media resources in teaching and learning in schools.
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate; auto_merged

Mapping National Digital Learning Platforms: Full Dataset - Rui, Tingting; Chuang, Rachel; Thinley, Sangay; AlSheikh Theeb, Thaer; Villavicencio, Xuzel; Hasiniavo, Rasolohery (EdTech Hub, 2023)
The dataset provided here as a link to a spreadsheet presents raw data from a global mapping exercise of 471 national digital platforms across 184 countries conducted by EdTech Hub as part of a Helpdesk request from UNICEF. The mapping exercise examined three key areas of availability, usability, and inclusivity of national digital learning platforms. Analysis from the dataset was used to generate a report on national digital learning platforms. The datasheet includes the authors’ organisation of the dataset under key indicators. Readers can use the datasheet to replicate or conduct their own analysis. An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Keywords: _r:AddedByZotZen

Mapping national digital learning platforms - Rui, Tingting; Chuang, Rachel; Thinley, Sangay; AlSheikh Theeb, Thaer; Villavicencio, Xuzel; Rasolohery, Hasiniavo. (EdTech Hub, 2022)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Keywords: _r:AddedByZotZen; ⛔ No INSPIRE recid found

Mapping National Digital Learning Platforms - Rui, Tingting; Chuang, Rachel; Thinley, Sangay; AlSheikh Theeb, Thaer; Villavicencio, Xuzel; Rasolohery, Hasiniavo (EdTech Hub, 2023)
This report presents findings from a global mapping exercise of 471 national digital platforms across 184 countries that was conducted by EdTech Hub following a Helpdesk request from UNICEF. The mapping exercise focused on examining three key areas of availability, usability, and inclusivity of national digital learning platforms. The study found that 32% of identified national digital learning platforms no longer exist, have not been updated since 2020, or have links that do not work. Only 30% of platforms offer offline functionality. Eighty-five per cent of platforms were accessible on a basic smartphone. This report serves as a snapshot in time of national digital learning platforms around the world. Future mapping exercises and reports may be carried out to expand on this work. Keywords: platforms, digital, learning, mobile, mapping, offline An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Keywords: _r:AddedByZotZen

EdTech in Malawi: A Rapid Scan - Rui, Yang (Tingting) (EdTech Hub, 2024)
EdTech Hub country scans explore factors that enable and hinder the use of technology in education. These include policies, government leadership, private-sector partnerships, and digital infrastructure for education. The scans are intended to be comprehensive but not exhaustive. Nonetheless, we hope they will serve as a useful starting point for more in-depth discussions about opportunities and barriers in EdTech in specific countries, in this case, Malawi. Keywords: Malawi, EdTech, Policy, ICT An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Keywords: _r:AddedByMyEducationEvidence; _r:AddedByZotZen

Social Emotional Learning and EdTech: Resources, Examples, and Effective Practices - Rui, Yang (Tingting) (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Keywords: F: Helpdesk response; _r:AddedByZotZen

EdTech That Reaches Marginalised Learners: Relevant Examples for the Indonesian Context - Rui, Yang (Tingting); Upadhyay, Arjun (EdTech Hub, 2022)
This curated list of resources presents a sample of education technology programmes that effectively reach marginalised learners, including children with SEND, girls, and children in frontier, outermost, and disadvantaged regions. This list provides short summaries of lessons in using EdTech such as radio, television, and mobile phones to reach marginalised learners, emphasising interventions and evidence relevant to the Indonesian context. Keywords: marginalised learners, Indonesia, radio, television, mobile phones, girls, no-tech options An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Keywords: _r:AddedByZotZen; ⛔ No INSPIRE recid found

Inclusive education and students without special educational needs - Ruijs, Nienke; Van der Veen, Ineke; Peetsma, Thea (Educational Research, 2010)
Background: In the debate on inclusive education, students without special educational needs (SEN) are an important topic. However, there is a lot unknown about differences between these typical students in inclusive and non-inclusive classes. For example, the neutral results that are often found in earlier research could be caused by positive effects for some students, and negative effects for others.Purpose: This study investigated whether there is a relation between inclusive education and the academic achievement and socio-emotional functioning of typical students, and, more importantly, whether inclusive education affects the achievement and socio-emotional functioning of more and less intelligent typical students differently. Furthermore, we investigated whether differences occur by type of SEN of the included students. Here, we made a distinction between students with behavioural, cognitive and other problems.Sample: A representative sample of 27,745 students without SEN in Dutch primary education from a large cohort study in the Netherlands was used.Design and methods: Language and arithmetic tests were used to assess academic achievement. For socio-emotional functioning, both teacher and student questionnaires were used. A non-verbal IQ test was used to assess student intelligence. Based on the number of students with diagnosed SEN, the students without SEN were divided into several groups: typical students with no, a few and more than a few students with (certain types of) SEN in their class. Multi-level regression analyses were used to compare these groups.Results: For academic achievement, no differences were found between students without SEN in inclusive and non-inclusive classes. In this, we found no differences between intelligent and less intelligent typical students. For socio-emotional functioning, some differences were found, but the practical importance of these differences is unclear, since the effect sizes were small. The functioning of typical students does not meaningfully differ by type of SEN of the included students.Conclusions: The findings of this study are interesting in the light of the ongoing inclusion debate. Arguments against inclusive education often concern an assumed adverse effect on typical students. As in this study, hardly any differences were found between typical students in inclusive and non-inclusive primary school classes, this research strengthens the scientific evidence in support of inclusive education.
Keywords: ⛔ No INSPIRE recid found

Rumie Initiative - Rumie (Rumie Initiative)
Providing free learning for underserved communities

Rumie LearnCloud - Rumie
The World's Largest Repository of 100% Free Learning Content

Digitalizing Laos: Improving Government Transparency, the Business Environment, and Human Capital - Runde, Daniel F; Bandura, Romina; Lee, Rachel (Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2022)

Digitalizing Laos: Improving Government Transparency, the Business Environment, and Human Capital - Runde, Daniel F.; Bandura, Romina; Lee, Rachel (2022)
Digitalization—which has accelerated around Southeast Asia due to the pandemic—will offer Laos increased government transparency and bureaucracy, in turn improving Laos's long-encumbered education system and business environment.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found; ⛔ No INSPIRE recid found

Electrification Of Primary Schools - Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Corporation

The 50 MW Garissa Solar Power Plant - Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Corporation

Construct Validity of Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices for African and Non-African Engineering Students in South Africa - Rushton, J. Philippe; Skuy, Mervyn; Bons, Trudy Ann (International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 2004)
We test the hypothesis that the Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices has the same construct validity in African university students as it does in non-African students by examining data from 306 highly select 17- to 23-year olds in the Faculties of Engineering and the Built Environment at the University of the Witwatersrand (177 Africans, 57 East Indians, 72 Whites; 54 women, 252 men). Analyses were made of the Matrices scores, an English Comprehension test, the Similarities subscale from the South African Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, end-of-year university grades, and high-school grade point average. Out of the 36 Matrices problems, the African students solved an average of 23; East Indian students, 26; and White students, 29 (p<.001), placing them at the 60th, 71st, and 86th percentiles, respectively, and yielding IQ equivalents of 103, 108, and 118 on the 1993 US norms. The same pattern of group differences was found on the Comprehension Test, the Similarities subscale, university course grades, and high-school grade-point average. The items on the Matrices ‘behaved’ in the same way for the African students as they did for the non-African students, thereby indicating the test's internal validity. Item analyses, including a confirmatory factor analysis, showed that the African/non-African difference was most pronounced on the general factor of intelligence. Concurrent validity was demonstrated by correlating the Matrices with the other measures, both individually and in composite. For the African group, the mean r=.28, p<.05, and for the non-African group, the mean r=.27, p<.05. Although the intercepts of the regression lines for the two groups were significantly different, their slopes were not. The results imply that scores on the Raven's Matrices are as valid for Africans as they are for non-Africans.

2Dsearch: Facilitating reproducible and valid searching in evidence synthesis - Russell-Rose, T; Shokraneh, F (BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine, 2019)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Blockchain in schools and colleges - Rustagi, Nimish; Chakraborti, Anirban

Leveraging mathematics software data to understand student learning and motivation during the COVID-19 pandemic - Rutherford, Teomara; Duck, Kerry; Rosenberg, Joshua M.; Patt, Raymond (Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 2022)

Ruzivo Digital Learning | Home - Ruzivo Digital Learning (2020)

e-Learning Platform - Rwanda Education Board (2019)

Rwanda Education Board - Rwanda Education Board (2018)

Welcome to RISA - Rwanda Information Society Authority (2019)

2018 Education Statistics - Rwanda Ministry of Education (2018)

Education Sector Strategic Plan 2018/2019 to 2023/2024 - Rwanda Ministry of Education (2018)

ICT in Education Policy - Rwanda Ministry of Education (2016)

Implementation Framework for ICT in Education - Rwanda Ministry of Education (2016)

Keeping the Doors Open for Learning: Response Plan of Ministry of Education to the COVID-19 Outbreak - Rwanda Ministry of Education (2020)

Official Gazette nº 39 of 24/09/2018 - Rwanda Ministry of Education (2018)

7 Years Government Programme: National Strategy for Transformation (NST1) - Rwanda Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning (2017)

Smart Rwanda 2020 Master Plan - Rwanda Ministry of ICT and Innovation (2015)

ICT : Rwanda and Republic of Korea Sign $7 Million to Support IT Development in Schools - Rwanda Podium (2017)

Elearning- Rwanda Polytechnic - Rwanda Polytechnic (2020)

Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation from a self-determination theory perspective: Definitions, theory, practices, and future directions - Ryan, Richard M.; Deci, Edward L. (Contemporary Educational Psychology, 2020)

Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: classic definitions and new directions - Ryan, Richard M.; Deci, Edward L. (Contemporary Educational Psychology, 2000)
Intrinsic and extrinsic types of motivation have been widely studied, and the distinction between them has shed important light on both developmental and educational practices. In this review we revisit the classic definitions of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in light of contemporary research and theory. Intrinsic motivation remains an important construct, reflecting the natural human propensity to learn and assimilate. However, extrinsic motivation is argued to vary considerably in its relative autonomy and thus can either reflect external control or true self-regulation. The relations of both classes of motives to basic human needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness are discussed.

Targeted Remedial Education: Experimental Evidence from Peru - Saavedra, Juan E; Näslund-Hadley, Emma; Alfonso, Mariana (Inter-American Development Bank, 2017)
Improving learning among low-achieving students is a challenge in education. We present results from the first randomized experiment of an inquiry-based remedial science education program for low-performing elementary students in a developing-country setting. Third-grade students in 48 low-income public elementary schools in Metropolitan Lima who score at the bottom half of their school distribution in a science test taken at the beginning of the school year are randomly assigned to receive up to 16 remedial science tutoring sessions of 90 minutes each. Control group compliance with assignment is close to perfect. Treatment group compliance is 40 percent, equivalent to 4.5 tutoring sessions, or a 4 percent increase in total science instruction time. Despite the low treatment intensity, students assigned to the remedial sessions score 0.12 standard deviations higher on a science endline test, with all gains concentrated among boys. We find no evidence of remedial education producing within-student spillovers to other subject areas (math or reading) or spillovers on other students in the classroom. We conclude that low-intensity remedial education can have an effect on science learning among low-achieving students.

Pakistan’s Award-winning Learning Apps for Kids - SABAQ

Pakistan’s Award-winning Learning Apps for Kids - SABAQ (2020)

Free Videos & Tests, Grades K-12, Pakistan - Sabaq Foundation
Sabaq Foundation provides more than 14000 FREE video lectures and tests for grades K-12 Pakistani students. It was founded in 2012 as a non-profit Trust.

Free Videos & Tests, Grades K-12, Pakistan - Sabaq Foundation (2020)
Sabaq Foundation provides more than 14000 FREE video lectures and tests for grades K-12 Pakistani students. It was founded in 2012 as a non-profit Trust.

The permanent input hypothesis : the case of textbooks and (no) student learning in Sierra Leone - Sabarwal, Shwetlena; Evans, David K.; Marshak, Anastasia (Policy research working paper : WPS, 2014)

Better Than Most: Teacher Beliefs about Effort and Ability in Uganda - Sabarwal, Shwetlena; Kacker, Kanishka; Habyarimana, James (World Bank, 2018)
Do teachers have accurate beliefs about their effort and ability? This paper explores this through a survey experiment in public-private partnership schools in Uganda, wherein teacher self-beliefs are contrasted with their beliefs about other teachers in the same school. The study finds that, on average, teachers tend to rate ability, effort, and job satisfaction more positively for themselves than for other teachers. This tendency is called high relative self-regard. The study finds no systematic evidence of high relative self-regard around perceptions of student engagement quality and available support structures. More experienced teachers are less likely to exhibit high relative self-regard, while teachers showing low effort are more likely to exhibit it. This is analogous to the Dunning-Kruger effect in psychology, except respondents rate themselves as better than most (not better than average) and variation is explored over effort (not cognitive ability). High relative self-regard is less pronounced in owner-managed public-private partnership schools, suggesting that when principle-agent problems are less severe, schools find ways to correct for inaccurate teacher self-beliefs. These results provide suggestive evidence of cognitive biases that help teachers rationalize suboptimal effort in the classroom. This in turn points to the importance of providing objective feedback to teachers about their effort and performance as one potential way to improve their performance. Teacher self-beliefs are important areas of intervention because they are likely to affect how teachers optimize their effort and training investments. Self-beliefs are also likely to affect how teachers respond to changes in incentive and accountability regimes.
Keywords: Absenteeism; Accountability; Education; Incentives; Public-Private Partnerships; Self-Belief; Self-Regard; Subjective Assessment; Teacher Effectiveness; Teaching Effort

Choosing our future: Education for climate action - Sabarwal, Shwetlena; Venegas Marin, Sergio; Spivack, Marla; Ambasz, Diego (The World Bank, 2024)

Using educational transitions to estimate learning loss due to COVID-19 school closures: The case of Complementary Basic Education in Ghana - Sabates, Ricardo; Carter, Emma; Stern, Jonathan M.B. (International Journal of Educational Development, 2021)
• Estimate learning losses during grade transition for disadvantaged and previously out of school students in Ghana. • The estimated average learning loss is around 66 % of previous learning gains in foundational numeracy during this transition period. • Widening gaps in learning loss are found according to availability of home learning support, as well as home learning resources. • Learning at home and in communities has to be reimagined if gains are to be achieved and losses are to be mitigated in the post-COVID 19 era. Learning loss is expected for millions of children who have been out of school as a result of the current COVID-19 pandemic. Unfortunately, it is uncertain how much learning will be lost and how wide the gaps may be for disadvantaged children. This paper uses a unique longitudinal dataset to estimate learning loss during a three-month transition from Complementary Basic Education to government schools in Ghana. Our results show an average learning loss of 66 % of previous learning gains in foundational numeracy during this transition period. More importantly, we estimate widening gaps in learning loss according to lack of home learning support, as well as lack of home learning resources. Our results have implications for the provision of learning activities and support at home, not just during current school closures due to COVID-19, but also during transitions between academic years.
Keywords: BASIC education; CHILDREN with social disabilities; COVID-19 pandemic; COVID-19 school closure; EDUCATIONAL outcomes; Equity; Ghana; Learning; Literacy; Numeracy; SCHOOL closings

School drop out in Bangladesh: insights using panel data - Sabatés, Ricardo; Hossain, Altaf; Lewin, Keith M. (International Journal of Educational Development, 2013)
This paper examines the relative strength of different factors associated with school drop out using data collected between 2007 and 2009 in Bangladesh. A sample of 9046 children, aged 4-15, was selected across six districts for a household survey focusing on children's school access and experiences. Two groups of children were identified: those who were enrolled in school in both 2007 and 2009 and those who dropped out by 2009. Using a multivariate logit model, results show age and gender, together with financial constraints, such as lack of income and school expenditure, as the top predictors of school drop out. Two other important predictors are lack of parental support for children's school work and school absenteeism. This paper identifies some possible interventions that could reduce school drop out. These include campaigns to reduce late entry and overage enrolment, reductions in direct costs of schooling, and more support for low achieving children to compensate for lack of educational support at home.

Assessing cost-effectiveness with equity of a programme targeting marginalised girls in secondary schools in Tanzania - Sabates, Ricardo; Rose, Pauline; Alcott, Benjamin; Delprato, Marcos (Journal of Development Effectiveness, 2020)

Assessing cost-effectiveness with equity of a programme targeting marginalised girls in secondary schools in Tanzania - Sabates, Ricardo; Rose, Pauline; Alcott, Benjamin; Delprato, Marcos (Journal of Development Effectiveness, 2021)
Cost-effectiveness studies rarely pay explicit attention to whether resources are used effectively to benefit the most marginalised. By linking a quasi-experimental design with detailed financial information, we analyse the cost-effectiveness of the Campaign for Female Education (CAMFED)’s programme in Tanzania. The programme provides targeted, multi-dimensional support to marginalised girls in government secondary schools in deprived rural areas. We find the cost-effectiveness of CAMFED’s programme to be similar to interventions designed for more advantaged populations who are easier (and less costly) to reach. There is further evidence of positive spill-over effects to boys in the schools supported by CAMFED.
Keywords: Cost effectiveness; Girls’ Education; Tanzania; equity

Assessing cost-effectiveness with equity of a programme targeting marginalised girls in secondary schools in Tanzania - Sabates, Ricardo; Rose, Pauline; Alcott, Benjamin; Delprato, Marcos (Journal of Development Effectiveness, 2021)
Cost-effectiveness studies rarely pay explicit attention to whether resources are used effectively to benefit the most marginalised. By linking a quasi-experimental design with detailed financial information, we analyse the cost-effectiveness of the Campaign for Female Education (CAMFED)’s programme in Tanzania. The programme provides targeted, multi-dimensional support to marginalised girls in government secondary schools in deprived rural areas. We find the cost-effectiveness of CAMFED’s programme to be similar to interventions designed for more advantaged populations who are easier (and less costly) to reach. There is further evidence of positive spill-over effects to boys in the schools supported by CAMFED.
Keywords: Cost effectiveness; Girls’ Education; Tanzania; equity

Cost-effectiveness with equity: Raising learning for marginalised girls through Camfed's programme in Tanzania - Sabates, Ricardo; Rose, Pauline; Delprato, Marcos; Alcott, Benjamin (Policy Paper No. 18/2 (REAL Centre, University of Cambridge, 2018), 2018)
This policy paper provides a cost-effectiveness analysis of Camfed’s programme in Tanzania. Camfed’s programme adopts a multidimensional approach that is aimed at reaching marginalised girls at risk of dropping out from secondary schools by using interventions that are aimed at both increasing their chances of staying in school and learning.
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate; _not_EdTechHub

Embracing EdTech: four critical questions answered through a rapid prototype programme on teachers’ professional development (TPD) - Sabbab, Salman; Shakil, Abdullah All; Alam, Faria (EdTech Hub, 2021)
Seventy-one teachers participating in the ‘Onneshon’ prototype were flooding the WhatsApp group with messages about the challenges and hiccups they were experiencing, either with watching the video content or with taking a quiz in the first two weeks. Problems were pouring in and so were solutions being innovated and offered through diverse channels. In the space of two weeks, the…
Keywords: _EdTechHub_Output

From OLPC XO to Positivo: Rwanda Sets the Bar Higher - Sabiiti, Daniel (KT PRESS, 2019)
Rwanda is set to distribute a new model computers that will change the ways in which primary school children learn and practice information communication and technology (ICT) lessons under the one laptop per child (OLPC) program. This move comes ahead of the review of the four year-ICT in educati

Universal Design for Learning and Artificial Intelligence in the digital era: Fostering inclusion and autonomous learning - Saborío-Taylor, Silvia; Rojas-Ramírez, Fabián (International Journal of Professional Development, Learners and Learning, 2024)
In the digital era, the convergence of universal design for learning (UDL) principles and artificial intelligence (AI) stands as a transformative force shaping education. This article explores their intersection, emphasizing their combined impact on fostering inclusion and autonomous learning through the lens of UDL’s multiple means of representation, engagement, and expression. UDL, committed to inclusivity by providing various ways for students to access, engage with, and demonstrate understanding of content, synergizes with AI’s transformative capabilities. The article presents three practical applications illustrating how the integration of UDL and AI, employing multiple means, enhances autonomous learning, eliminates barriers, and cultivates inclusive educational spaces. This collaboration not only addresses immediate challenges but also serves as a catalyst for systemic change, paving the way for a more just and equitable educational landscape in the digital era. Continuous reflection, ethical considerations, and purposeful integration of UDL principles and AI are essential for refining these approaches and ensuring a responsive educational system that promotes inclusion and autonomy.

Student Privacy and Educational Data Mining: Perspectives from Industry. - Sabourin, Jennifer; Kosturko, Lucy; FitzGerald, Clare; McQuiggan, Scott (International Educational Data Mining Society, 2015)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Interview with the Statistics, Research & Information Management Directorate on data governance practices within the Ghana Ministry of Education. - Sackey, Robert (2023)

The futility of attempting to codify academic achievement standards | SpringerLink - Sadler, Royce (2009)

Systematic Review using a Spiral approach with Machine Learning - Saeidmehr, Amirhossein; Steel, Piers; Samavati, Faramarz (2023)
With the accelerating growth of the academic corpus, doubling every nine years, machine learning is a promising avenue to make systematic review manageable. Though several notable advancements have already been made, the incorporation of machine learning is less than optimal, still relying on a sequential, staged process designed to accommodate a purely human approach, exemplified by PRISMA. Here, we test a spiral, alternating or oscillating approach, where full-text screening is done intermittently with title/abstract screening, which we examine in three datasets by simulation under 360 conditions comprised of different algorithmic classifiers, feature extractions, prioritization rules, data types, and information provided (e.g., title/abstract, full-text included). Overwhelmingly, the results favored a spiral processing approach with Logistic Regression, TF-IDF for vectorization, and Maximum Probability for prioritization. Results demonstrate up to a 90% improvement over traditional machine learning methodologies, especially for databases with fewer eligible articles. With these advancements, the screening component of most systematic reviews should remain functionally achievable for another one to two decades.
Keywords: _Added-ailr-2024

Co-creation of OER by teachers and teacher educators in Colombia - Sáenz Rodríguez, María del Pilar; Pino, Ulises Hernandez; Hernández, Yoli Marcela (Adoption and impact of OER in the Global South, 2017)
This chapter, based on research conducted by members of the Collaborative CoCreation of Open Educational Resources by Teachers and Teacher Educators in Colombia (coKREA) project, assesses whether and how a contextually based, bottomup approach to the promotion and advocacy of Open Educational Resources (OER) – in which teachers are encouraged to collaboratively co-create resources – supports the adoption of OER in Colombian schools. The study, conducted with public school teachers in southwestern Colombia, used a Participatory Action Research approach, in which the object of study is not external to the researchers, as the social practices under study are performed by the same subjects who are conducting the investigation. This allows teachers to identify possibilities of OER in their own educational practices, as well as the conditions required for their adoption, based on collective thinking processes immersed in their own sociocultural contexts. A call for research participation was issued to teachers who were experienced in using information and communication technologies (ICT) in their teaching. The data collection process was undertaken through administration of a series of online questionnaires (completed by 19 teachers), a survey (completed by 248 teachers), webinars (in which 28 teachers connected and 14 participated actively), unstructured telephone interviews (with 30 teachers) and a series of focus group discussions (with a cohort of 49 teacher educators, teachers and students). A face-to-face workshop was also conducted with teachers to provide an introduction to OER, after which they identified challenges to incorporating OER into their pedagogical practices and discussed their own OER-related activities.
Keywords: __:import:02; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:3123702; __finaldtb; auto_merged

Co-creation of OER by teachers and teacher educators in Colombia - Sáenz Rodríguez, María del Pilar; Pino, Ulises Hernandez; Hernández, Yoli Marcela (Adoption and impact of OER in the Global South, 2017)
This chapter, based on research conducted by members of the Collaborative CoCreation of Open Educational Resources by Teachers and Teacher Educators in Colombia (coKREA) project, assesses whether and how a contextually based, bottomup approach to the promotion and advocacy of Open Educational Resources (OER) – in which teachers are encouraged to collaboratively co-create resources – supports the adoption of OER in Colombian schools. The study, conducted with public school teachers in southwestern Colombia, used a Participatory Action Research approach, in which the object of study is not external to the researchers, as the social practices under study are performed by the same subjects who are conducting the investigation. This allows teachers to identify possibilities of OER in their own educational practices, as well as the conditions required for their adoption, based on collective thinking processes immersed in their own sociocultural contexts. A call for research participation was issued to teachers who were experienced in using information and communication technologies (ICT) in their teaching. The data collection process was undertaken through administration of a series of online questionnaires (completed by 19 teachers), a survey (completed by 248 teachers), webinars (in which 28 teachers connected and 14 participated actively), unstructured telephone interviews (with 30 teachers) and a series of focus group discussions (with a cohort of 49 teacher educators, teachers and students). A face-to-face workshop was also conducted with teachers to provide an introduction to OER, after which they identified challenges to incorporating OER into their pedagogical practices and discussed their own OER-related activities.
Keywords: __:import:02; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:3123702; __finaldtb

REPENSER L’ÉDUCATION ET LA PÉDAGOGIE DANS UNE PERSPECTIVE AFRICAINE - SAGAYAR, MOUSSA MOHAMED; AKKARI, ABDELJALIL; GANDOLFI, STEFANIA
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Using Digital Video in Rural Indian Schools: A Study of Teacher Development and Student Achievement - Sahni, Urvashi; Gupta, Rahul; Hull, Glynda; Javid, Paul; Setia, Tanuja; Toyama, Kentaro; Wang, Randy (2008)
This research explores the deployment of model lessons through digital video as part of an in-service effort to engage teachers in government and private rural Indian schools and non-formal educational settings. Our mixed method design combined tests of skills in English and math with participant observation and videotaping of English and math instruction for 100 children in 3 rural schools and 1 non-formal setting over eight months. In this paper we present analyses of test score data and interactional patterns, followed by a qualitative examination of how one teacher appropriated pedagogical and subject matter knowledge from the model video lessons. Specifically, the data show gains in test scores of subject matter knowledge; children in classes that were part of the intervention scored almost 400% higher in English and almost 300% higher in math than did children in a comparison school. There were changes as well in classroom interactional patterns, suggesting that teachers became more student-centered in their approaches. The qualitative data illustrate how one teacher used and learned from the model lessons over time—for example, acquiring pedagogical strategies for interacting with the children and learning to connect classroom topics to the children’s local social worlds. Most generally, the data demonstrate how a network of teachers, schools, computer professionals, and teacher educators can reconfigure flows of information, tools, people, and texts, creating a band of geospatial opportunity within which the educational and social spaces of inhabitants of remote villages can be improved, allowing them hopeful entry to some of the advantages of a digital information age.
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate; ⛔ No DOI found

Using Digital Video in Rural Indian Schools: A Study of Teacher Development and Student Achievement - Sahni, Urvashi; Gupta, Rahul; Hull, Glynda; Javid, Paul; Setia, Tanuja; Toyama, Kentaro; Wang, Randy (2008)
This research explores the deployment of model lessons through digital video as part of an in-service effort to engage teachers in government and private rural Indian schools and non-formal educational settings. Our mixed method design combined tests of skills in English and math with participant observation and videotaping of English and math instruction for 100 children in 3 rural schools and 1 non-formal setting over eight months. In this paper we present analyses of test score data and interactional patterns, followed by a qualitative examination of how one teacher appropriated pedagogical and subject matter knowledge from the model video lessons. Specifically, the data show gains in test scores of subject matter knowledge; children in classes that were part of the intervention scored almost 400% higher in English and almost 300% higher in math than did children in a comparison school. There were changes as well in classroom interactional patterns, suggesting that teachers became more student-centered in their approaches. The qualitative data illustrate how one teacher used and learned from the model lessons over time—for example, acquiring pedagogical strategies for interacting with the children and learning to connect classroom topics to the children’s local social worlds. Most generally, the data demonstrate how a network of teachers, schools, computer professionals, and teacher educators can reconfigure flows of information, tools, people, and texts, creating a band of geospatial opportunity within which the educational and social spaces of inhabitants of remote villages can be improved, allowing them hopeful entry to some of the advantages of a digital information age.
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate; ⛔ No DOI found

Using Digital Video in Rural Indian Schools: A Study of Teacher Development and Student Achievement - Sahni, Urvashi; Gupta, Rahul; Hull, Glynda; Javid, Paul; Setia, Tanuja; Toyama, Kentaro; Wang, Randy (Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, 2008)
This research explores the deployment of model lessons through digital video as part of an in-service effort to engage teachers in government and private rural Indian schools and non-formal educational settings. Our mixed method design combined tests of skills in English and math with participant observation and videotaping of English and math instruction for 100 children in 3 rural schools and 1 non-formal setting over eight months. In this paper we present analyses of test score data and interactional patterns, followed by a qualitative examination of how one teacher appropriated pedagogical and subject matter knowledge from the model video lessons. Specifically, the data show gains in test scores of subject matter knowledge; children in classes that were part of the intervention scored almost 400% higher in English and almost 300% higher in math than did children in a comparison school. There were changes as well in classroom interactional patterns, suggesting that teachers became more student-centered in their approaches. The qualitative data illustrate how one teacher used and learned from the model lessons over time—for example, acquiring pedagogical strategies for interacting with the children and learning to connect classroom topics to the children’s local social worlds. Most generally, the data demonstrate how a network of teachers, schools, computer professionals, and teacher educators can reconfigure flows of information, tools, people, and texts, creating a band of geospatial opportunity within which the educational and social spaces of inhabitants of remote villages can be improved, allowing them hopeful entry to some of the advantages of a digital information age.
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate; ⛔ No DOI found

Sierra Leone series: Plan International and the importance of community support for distance teacher professional development programmes - Saidu, Arthur; Casado, Eusebio Rincon; Shergill, Maggie; McBurnie, Chris (EdTech Hub, 2021)
Over the past few months, the EdTech Hub team has analysed and mapped the EdTech research landscape in Sierra Leone. In doing so, we have met a number of individuals and organisations that are exploring if and how technology can support the country’s education sector.  In week four, we met with Arthur Saidu, Eusebio Rincon Casado and Maggie Shergill from…
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; ___working_potential_duplicate; _zenodoETH

Demonstrating a situated learning approach for in-service teacher education in rural India: The Quality Education Programme in Rajasthan - Saigal, Anju (Teaching and Teacher Education, 2012)
Recent educational policy in India has repositioned elementary school teachers as active, reflective practitioners, not just ‘deliverers’ of syllabus material. This article examines innovations in teacher support in Rajasthan's government schools through the ‘Quality Education Program.’ Drawing on qualitative research of collaborative learning processes, the paper discusses two support strategies used by the program: professional dialogic interactions and modeling of pedagogic strategies, which paralleled introductory or developmental phases within a ‘collaborative apprenticeship model’ of teacher professional development. In doing so, the paper outlines the potential of situated, collaborative approaches for Indian in-service teacher education and education development reform, more broadly.

Improving Student Teachers' Digital Pedagogy through Meaningful Learning Activities - Sailin, Siti Nazuar; Mahmor, Noor Aida (Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instruction, 2018)
Purpose: This study aims to examine the attributes of meaningful learning that student teachers perceived as enabling them to improve their digital pedagogy. It is concerned with how the meaningful learning activities help to prepare student teachers to successfully integrate digital technologies in their future teaching practice. Methodology: This study adopted a qualitative research design and was underpinned by a meaningful learning theory as the theoretical and analytical framework. A total of 24 final year student teachers participated in this study. Data were mainly collected through student teachers' reflections regarding their learning experience. Thematic analysis was utilized to analyze and present the findings. Findings: The findings offer some important insights into how the learning activities carried out in this Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) project have directly and indirectly accelerated the acquisition of all the five attributes of meaningful learning. The findings of this study reveal that meaningful learning activities contribute to the improvement of the student teachers' knowledge of and skills in using Web 2.0. This improvement has boosted their confidence to integrate digital pedagogy in future teaching practices. The findings also indicate that although student teachers value their experiences in meaningful learning activities, they have some concerns regarding firstly, their capacities in applying digital pedagogy and secondly, the practicality of integrating Web 2.0 tools in the school setting because of several inherent limitations. Significance: Meaningful learning activities when incorporated into teacher training programmes will expose student teachers to authentic experiences which will be beneficial for their own learning and future teaching practice.
Keywords: Educational Technology; Foreign Countries; Learning Activities; Preservice Teachers; Self Esteem; Student Attitudes; Teaching Methods; Technological Literacy; Technology Integration; Technology Uses in Education; Web 2.0 Technologies

Supporting Change in Literacy Instruction in Malawi - Sailors, Misty; Hoffman, James V.; Pearson, P. David; McClung, Nicola; Shin, Jaran; Phiri, Liveness Mwale; Saka, Tionge (Reading Research Quarterly, 2014)
In this study, we examined the effectiveness of an innovative approach to literacy instruction in Malawi on teachers' perceptions, attitudes, and instructional practices. Two groups participated in the study: Treatment teachers received complementary teaching and learning materials, workshops, and directive coaching, and control teachers received no intervention. After this five-month intervention, treatment teachers were significantly more comfortable with their languages of instruction and were more positive about their teaching ability, beliefs about the learning materials in their classroom, and beliefs about the culture of reading in their communities than control teachers were. There were no significant differences between groups when we analyzed their teaching practices or the engagement of their students. The coaching model proved to be associated with changes in teachers' beliefs and perceptions on many of our variables. These findings suggest that the program under examination was successful in promoting the conditions for success (teacher beliefs and perceptions). Further, the findings suggest that the implementation of coaching was an important source of support in implementing changes.
Keywords: Adult; C:Malawi; Childhood; Coaching; Decoding; Discussion; Early childhood; English as a second language; English for speakers of other languages; English language learners; English learners; Experimental; Fairy tales; Family literacy; Home language; Home-school connections; In-service; Instructional models; Language learners; Literature; Literature-based instruction; Oral language; Parental involvement; Phonics; Program evaluation; Reading strategies; Research methodology; School based; Sight words; Sociocultural; Socioeconomic factors; Strategies; Supplementary resources; Teacher education; Textbooks; and materials; folk tales; methods; phonemic awareness; phonological awareness; professional development; quasi-experimental; word recognition

Not just for special occasions: supporting the professional learning of teachers through critical reflection with audio-visual information - Saito, Eisuke; Khong, Thi Diem Hang (Reflective Practice, 2017)
Despite increased use of professional learning communities in the teacher education field, they do not necessarily guarantee change in teachers’ daily practice. This study is a multiple case study of three school leaders in Vietnam to connect their teachers’ learning and practice by utilising visual records. In the cases studied, we see a progression of models of joint reflection based on visual information, from only occasional reflection to daily critical reflection, the latter of which the authors call ‘vide-flection’ referring to a process for people to consider their actions, thoughts, or experiences by utilising video-recorded images. For joint vide-flection, school leaders visit every classroom for several minutes every day to observe the wellbeing and learning of pupils and video-record struggles or breakthroughs in children’s learning; they share those images with teachers to jointly reflect on the situations. Through this vide-flection, teachers develop more detailed awareness of pupils needs.
Keywords: Reflective practice; Vietnam; critical reflection; professional learning; teacher professional development; vide-flection

Not just for special occasions: supporting the professional learning of teachers through critical reflection with audio-visual information - Saito, Eisuke; Khong, Thi Diem Hang (Reflective Practice, 2017)
Despite increased use of professional learning communities in the teacher education field, they do not necessarily guarantee change in teachers’ daily practice. This study is a multiple case study of three school leaders in Vietnam to connect their teachers’ learning and practice by utilising visual records. In the cases studied, we see a progression of models of joint reflection based on visual information, from only occasional reflection to daily critical reflection, the latter of which the authors call ‘vide-flection’ referring to a process for people to consider their actions, thoughts, or experiences by utilising video-recorded images. For joint vide-flection, school leaders visit every classroom for several minutes every day to observe the wellbeing and learning of pupils and video-record struggles or breakthroughs in children’s learning; they share those images with teachers to jointly reflect on the situations. Through this vide-flection, teachers develop more detailed awareness of pupils needs. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
Keywords: ADULTS; AUDIOVISUAL aids in education; AUDIOVISUAL materials; CRITICAL thinking studies; DATA analysis software; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; EDUCATION; FOCUS groups; INTERVIEWING; PROFESSIONAL education; PROFESSIONAL employee training; REFLECTION (Philosophy); RESEARCH funding; Reflective practice; SCHOOL administrators; TEACHER training; TEACHING; THEMATIC analysis; VIETNAM; Vietnam; __:import:01; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2099873; __finaldtb; critical reflection; professional learning; teacher professional development; vide-flection

Digitalization in teaching and education in Malawi: Digitalization, the future of work and the teaching profession project - Saka, Tionge Weddington (2021)

Prevalence and associated factors of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a rural community, Central Thailand: a mixed methods study - Sakboonyarat, Boonsub; Chokcharoensap, Kritchaporn; Sathuthum, Nadcha; Chutchawalanon, Soraya; Khamkaen, Chawengsak; Sookkaew, Wetawit; Thamwinitchai, Jutatip; Phalakornkul, Natthanon; Saelim, Sila; Liwvorakul, Pongpat (Global Journal of Health Science, 2018)
Keywords: ⛔ No INSPIRE recid found

The effect of using Teams Games Tournaments (TGT) cooperative technique for learning mathematics in secondary schools of Bangladesh - Salam, Abdus; Hossain, Anwar; Rahman, Shahidur (Journal of Research in Mathematics Education, 2015)

ICT and students' performance in Pakistan - Salam, Shafaq; Yang, Mengke; Shaheen, Aliya; Movahedipour, Mahmood; Zeng, Jianqiu (Human Systems Management, 2017)
Traditionally, education emphasizes on the use of textbooks for the acquisition of knowledge. However, educational settings around the world are now emphasizing on digital curricula that promote competences and performance. The purpose of this article is to examine the impact of use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on students' performance. Knowing the importance of ICT for education, the private schools of Pakistan emphasize the use of ICT; however, public schools lag behind in the ICT infrastructure, thereby producing a digital divide. This research conducted a survey with 150 public and private school students of Peshawar District, in the KP province of Pakistan. The results show that the use of ICT acts as a catalyst for improving the quality of education and the students' performance. The study's findings can benefit policy makers who design ICT-based curricula and provide ICT infrastructure for public schools. Moreover, the study's results can help narrow the current digital divide, by providing a high-quality education to public school students.
Keywords: Public schools; comparative analysis; impact of ICT; performance; private; private schools; public-schools; skills

Inclusive early childhood education in Nigeria: the journey so far - Salami, Ishola Akindele (The Journal of International Association of Special Education, 2014)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

The global prevalence of ADHD in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis - Salari, Nader; Ghasemi, Hooman; Abdoli, Nasrin; Rahmani, Adibeh; Shiri, Mohammad Hossain; Hashemian, Amir Hossein; Akbari, Hakimeh; Mohammadi, Masoud (Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 2023)
Abstract Background Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder is a developmental neurological disorder that has three basic characteristics: Attention Deficit, Hyperactivity, and impulsivity. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of ADHD in children and adolescents. Methods This investigation was carried out using the meta-analysis method under PRISMA guidelines. Until October 2020, the articles were gathered by scanning PubMed, Scopus, WOS, and Science Direct databases. The second version of Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software was used to run analyses after extracting data from chosen papers. At a significance level of 0.05, the I 2 test was used to analyze study heterogeneity, and the Egger test was used to assess publication bias. Results This analysis includes 61 cross-sectional research, with 53 research used to determine the prevalence of ADHD in children, 7.6% of 96,907 children aged 3 to 12 years had ADHD (95% confidence interval: 6.1–9.4%), and 5.6% of teenagers aged 12 to 18 years have ADHD (95% confidence interval: 4.8-7%). The prevalence of ADHD in children and adolescents according to the DSM-V criterion is also higher than previous diagnostic criteria, according to studies. Conclusion The findings of this study based on meta-analysis show the high prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The findings of this study demonstrate the importance of management and policy in the treatment and control of ADHD in children and adolescents.
Keywords: ⛔ No INSPIRE recid found

COVID-19: impacto psicosocial en la escuela en Chile. Desigualdades y desafíos para Latinoamérica - Salas, Gonzalo; Santander, Priscilla; Precht Gandarillas, Andrea; Scholten, Hernán; Moretti, Renato; López-López, Wilson (Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana, 38(2), 1-17, 2020)
La pandemia de Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) ha superado los cinco millones de casos en todo el mundo y sus consecuencias han sido devastadoras para la salud y la sociedad en general. Como parte de los protocolos sanitarios que buscan mitigar los efectos de la pandemia, se implementó el cierre de escuelas en la mayoría de los países; Chile no fue la excepción. En el marco de este artículo, se busca dar cuenta del impacto psicosocial de esta medida en las escuelas chilenas y ampliar la reflexión a Latinoamérica. En este sentido, se analizan fundamentalmente las decisiones gubernamentales a partir de la creación del programa Aprendo en Línea y se propone una contextualización y un contraste con las iniciativas adoptadas en otros países, para luego explorar las condiciones del ejercicio de la actividad docente y sus consecuencias en el contexto familiar, para terminar con el impacto en la relación entre las familias y las escuelas. Esto permite visualizar, una vez más, no solo la desigualdad estructural del sistema educativo chileno, sino también su mantenimiento y eventual profundización. Las discusiones y medidas por implementar a partir de la coyuntura actual plantean retos que, más allá del contexto particular de Chile, pueden hacerse extensivos a otros países de Latinoamérica.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

COVID-19: impacto psicosocial en la escuela en Chile. Desigualdades y desafíos para Latinoamérica - Salas, Gonzalo; Santander, Priscilla; Precht Gandarillas, Andrea; Scholten, Hernán; Moretti, Renato; López-López, Wilson (Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana, 38(2), 1-17, 2020)
La pandemia de Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) ha superado los cinco millones de casos en todo el mundo y sus consecuencias han sido devastadoras para la salud y la sociedad en general. Como parte de los protocolos sanitarios que buscan mitigar los efectos de la pandemia, se implementó el cierre de escuelas en la mayoría de los países; Chile no fue la excepción. En el marco de este artículo, se busca dar cuenta del impacto psicosocial de esta medida en las escuelas chilenas y ampliar la reflexión a Latinoamérica. En este sentido, se analizan fundamentalmente las decisiones gubernamentales a partir de la creación del programa Aprendo en Línea y se propone una contextualización y un contraste con las iniciativas adoptadas en otros países, para luego explorar las condiciones del ejercicio de la actividad docente y sus consecuencias en el contexto familiar, para terminar con el impacto en la relación entre las familias y las escuelas. Esto permite visualizar, una vez más, no solo la desigualdad estructural del sistema educativo chileno, sino también su mantenimiento y eventual profundización. Las discusiones y medidas por implementar a partir de la coyuntura actual plantean retos que, más allá del contexto particular de Chile, pueden hacerse extensivos a otros países de Latinoamérica.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

COVID-19: impacto psicosocial en la escuela en Chile. Desigualdades y desafíos para Latinoamérica - Salas, Gonzalo; Santander, Priscilla; Precht, Andrea; Scholten, Hernán; Moretti, Renato; López-López, Wilson (Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana, 2020)
The Coronavirus-19 (covid-19) pandemic has exceeded five million cases worldwide, and its consequences have been devastating for health and society in general. As part of the health protocols that seek to mitigate the pandemic’s effects, school closures were implemented in most countries, where Chile was no exception. In the framework of this article, we seek to give an account of the psychosocial impact of this initiative on Chilean schools and to broaden the reflection to the rest of Latin America. In this sense, we analyze government decisions since the creation of the Aprendo en Línea [I Learn Online] program and propose a contextualization and a contrast with the measures adopted in other countries. We then explore the conditions of the exercise of the teaching activity, its consequences in the family context, and the impact on the relationship between families and schools. This allows us to visualize, once again, not only the structural inequality of the Chilean education system but also its maintenance and eventual deepening. The discussions and measures to be implemented in the current situation pose challenges that, beyond the context of Chile, can be extended to other Latin American countries.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

COVID-19: impacto psicosocial en la escuela en Chile. Desigualdades y desafíos para Latinoamérica - Salas, Gonzalo; Santander, Priscilla; Precht, Andrea; Scholten, Hernán; Moretti, Renato; López-López, Wilson (Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana, 2020)
The Coronavirus-19 (covid-19) pandemic has exceeded five million cases worldwide, and its consequences have been devastating for health and society in general. As part of the health protocols that seek to mitigate the pandemic’s effects, school closures were implemented in most countries, where Chile was no exception. In the framework of this article, we seek to give an account of the psychosocial impact of this initiative on Chilean schools and to broaden the reflection to the rest of Latin America. In this sense, we analyze government decisions since the creation of the Aprendo en Línea [I Learn Online] program and propose a contextualization and a contrast with the measures adopted in other countries. We then explore the conditions of the exercise of the teaching activity, its consequences in the family context, and the impact on the relationship between families and schools. This allows us to visualize, once again, not only the structural inequality of the Chilean education system but also its maintenance and eventual deepening. The discussions and measures to be implemented in the current situation pose challenges that, beyond the context of Chile, can be extended to other Latin American countries.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

This organization is creating access to virtual classrooms for children in slums - Salaudeen, Aisha; Patrick, Anita (CNN, 2020)
Slum2school is providing access to online learning for underprivileged students in Lagos, Nigeria

SALCAB | Home - SALCAB (2020)

The coding manual for qualitative researchers - Saldana, J. (Sage, 2015)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

The coding manual for qualitative researchers - Saldana, J. (Sage, 2015)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate; auto_merged

Technological Hazards in Classroom Instruction: Rebooting the School Education System in Pakistan - Saleem, Khalid; Farid, Shahid; Atiq, Hira (2019)
The classroom instruction had undergone radical changes since the introduction of computers in the 1990s for educational purposes. New techniques and methods of classroom instruction and student-teacher interaction have emerged. The use of ICTs has put forward new prospects for the teachers as well as students. But, the introduction of these media and methods has made it difficult for the teachers to collaborate efficiently with the ever-changing classroom applications. The present study is an effort to disinter the status of the use ICTs for classroom instruction. For this purpose a questionnaire consisting of most common interactive social media apps and classroom instructional materials was used to collect data from the elementary level school teachers. The analysis of data revealed that the teachers are rarely using these apps and materials during their classroom instruction. Moreover, no training had ever been arranged for the teachers to help them use these apps and materials. It is, therefore, recommended that extensive teacher training is needed to enable the teachers for the effective use of ICTs in the classroom. School education cannot be made successful unless the whole system is rebooted through effective measures and productive use of ICTs.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Five technologies for educational change: Systems thinking, systems design, quality science, change management, instructional technology - Salisbury, David F. (Educational Technology, 1996)

Factors affecting the E-learning acceptance: A case study from UAE - Salloum, Said A.; Al-Emran, Mostafa; Shaalan, Khaled; Tarhini, Ali (Education and Information Technologies, 2019)
The main objective of this article is to study the factors that affect university students’ acceptance of E-learning systems. To achieve this objective, we have proposed a new model that aims to investigate the impact of innovativeness, quality, trust, and knowledge sharing on E-learning acceptance. Data collection has taken place through an online questionnaire survey, which was carried out at The British University in Dubai (BUiD) and University of Fujairah (UOF) in the UAE. There were 251 students participated in this study. Data were analyzed using SmartPLS and SPSS. The Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) has been used to validate the proposed model. The outcomes revealed that knowledge sharing and quality in the universities have a positive influence on E-learning acceptance among the students. Innovativeness and trust were found not to significantly affect the E-learning system acceptance. By identifying the factors that influence the E-learning acceptance, it will be more useful to provide better services for E-learning. Other implications are also presented in the study.

Radically transforming education systems: What signals can we pay attention to? - Salzano, Carmela; Perrier, Janne Kjaersgaard (Global Partnership for Education, 2024)
As countries embark on, accelerate or scale up their strategies for education system transformation, certain behaviors and actions may signal a profound shift in countries’ efforts to radically improve learning outcomes for all.

Meeting the challenges posed by per diem in development projects in southern countries: a scoping review - Samb, Oumar Mallé; Essombe, Christiane; Ridde, Valery (Globalization and Health, 2020)
This study presents the results of a review whose goal is to generate knowledge on the possible levers of action concerning per diem practices in southern countries in order to propose reforms to the existing schemes.
Keywords: Per diem; Policy dialogue; Reform; West Africa

PDIA toolkit: A DIY Approach to Solving Complex Problems - Samji, Salimah; Andrews, Matt; Pritchett, Lant; Woolcock, Michael (Center for International Development at Harvard University, 2018)

'Leave no one behind' - five years into Agenda 2030: Guidelines for turning the concept into action - Samman, Emma; Roche, Jose Manuael; Sarwar, Moizza Binat; Evans, Martin (Overseas Development Institute, 2021)

An Evaluative Study of a Distance Teacher Education Program in a University in Ghana - Sampong, Kwasi Addo (The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 2009)
The study used an adaptation of Provus’ discrepancy evaluation model to evaluate a distance teacher education program in the University of Cape Coast, the premier teacher education institution in Ghana. The study involved comparing performance data of the program as perceived by students and faculty/administrators to standards prepared from the program’s design. Performance data was obtained by administering two survey instruments to a random sample of students and faculty/administrators. Discrepancies between performance and standards were reported. The study concluded that although there were some discrepancies between program standards and performance the program is fulfilling its purpose of upgrading the professional and academic performance of a large number of teachers in the public K-8 schools in Ghana.

The EdTech Lab Series: Insights from rapid evaluations of EdTech products - Sampson, Rob; Johnson, Doug; Somanchi, Anmol; Barton, Hannah; Joshi, Ruchika; Seth, Madhav; Shotland, Marc (Central Square Foundation, 2019)

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the inclusion of refugee students in Greek schools: Pre-service teachers’ views about distance learning - Samsari, Eleni; Palaiologou, Nektaria; Nikolaou, Georgios (Societies, 2024)
Over the last two years, the prolonged massive school closure due to COVID-19 has provoked significant constraints for refugee children. The present study aimed to investigate the perceptions of Greek pre-service teachers on refugee education during the COVID-19 pandemic. A questionnaire was addressed to 32 native university students (n = 32) who attended Education Departments in Western Macedonia in Greece. The results showed that the prevalence of distance education affected pre-service teachers’ perceptions. The access to devices with internet capability as well as the cultural barriers was considered to be crucial factors for the school attendance of refugee children. Participants’ perceptions of the level of teacher preparation in a distance learning environment were related to their level of self-efficacy for supporting refugee students. The findings suggest that in the aftermath of COVID-19 pandemic, the international community should make efforts to ensure the school attendance of all refugee students.

Digital literacy through Let’s Read app to improve the reading interest of elementary school students - Samsudin, Dea Fariska Ardiana; Rahmawati, Fitri Puji (International Conference on Learning and Advanced Education (ICOLAE 2022), 2023)
This study aimed to determined digital literacy through Let's Read application (app) as an innovation to increase students’ reading interest and to find out the results of using the let's read app in reading activities in elementary schools. The method used in this study was descriptive qualitative with a case study design. The authors collected...

Innovating mobile solutions for refugees in East Africa: Opportunities and barrier to using mobile technology and the internet in Kakuma refugee camp and Nakivale refugee settlement - Samuel Hall (Samuel Hall, 2018)

How to Design EdTech Programmes That Lead to Gender-Transformative Change - Samuels, Fiona; Leon-Himmelstine, Carmen; Marcus, Rachel; Myers, Christina (EdTech Hub, 2022)
This paper outlines how EdTech programming can adopt a gender-transformative approach to improve gender equity in access and learning outcomes. It explains what the term ‘gender-transformative change’ means, and why it is needed. Some key dimensions of gender-transformative approaches in the specific context of EdTech initiatives are outlined, looking at how different approaches can enhance access to education and learning opportunities and improve outcomes, and challenge discriminatory gender norms and stereotypes. Based on a desk review of grey and published materials, this paper then presents and discusses insights from the approaches taken by four EdTech programmes. Keywords: EdTech; gender-transformative; country case studies; education; girls’ education An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Keywords: _r:AddedByZotZen

Using System Dynamics to Model Student Interest in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics - Sanchez, H Alex; Wells, Brian; Attridge, Joanne M
This paper presents preliminary results of a Raytheon project that uses systems dynamics to understand the intricacies of the U.S. educational system and to assist in exploring the effects of policies and programs, with a goal of doubling the numbers of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) college graduates by 2015. Specifically, a system dynamics model has been developed, the initial version of which targets increasing the number of students both capable and interested in pursuing careers in STEM disciplines. A few scenarios have been analyzed that examine changes for improving student capabilities. Initial results provide insight into the value and viability of a few proposed policies and indicate that with continued research, model development, and analysis it will be possible to further assess proposed improvements in the U.S education system.
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate; ⛔ No DOI found

Using system dynamics to model student interest in science technology, engineering, and mathematics - Sanchez, H. Alex; Wells, Brian; Attridge, Joanne M. (2009)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate; ⛔ No DOI found

Moving beyond the predictable failure of Ed-Tech initiatives - Sancho-Gil, Juana M.; Rivera-Vargas, Pablo; Miño-Puigcercós, Raquel (Learning, Media and Technology, 2019)
The development of Information and Communication Technology has created waves of excitement about its power to fix educational problems and improve learning results, prompting a succession of policy efforts to integrate digital technology into education. Educators, schools and corporations are increasingly driving these initiatives. This article makes the argument that a narrow vision of digital technology, which both ignores the complexity of education and wastes valuable public resources, is becoming an obstacle to significant improvement and transformation in education. Utilising our research and experience in the field of educational technology, this paper problematises the common elision of ‘technology’ and ‘digital technology’. From this basis, we then critically reflect on various common approaches to introducing digital technology in education under the guise of promoting equality and digital inclusion. These include national government-led programmes, more recent trends for local school-led initiatives, and the role of non-formal education initiatives led by corporations/foundations. Amidst the varying surface-level ‘failure’ and/or ‘success’ of these approaches, we point to limited underpinning ‘information and knowledge society’ logics in framing the application of digital technology to education. As such we conclude by considering the educational challenges for future Ed-Tech initiatives.
Keywords: Educational change; digital technology corporations; educational challenges; educational policies; school improvement

Moving beyond the predictable failure of Ed-Tech initiatives - Sancho-Gil, Juana M.; Rivera-Vargas, Pablo; Miño-Puigcercós, Raquel (Learning, Media and Technology, 2020)
The development of Information and Communication Technology has created waves of excitement about its power to fix educational problems and improve learning results, prompting a succession of policy efforts to integrate digital technology into education. Educators, schools and corporations are increasingly driving these initiatives. This article makes the argument that a narrow vision of digital technology, which both ignores the complexity of education and wastes valuable public resources, is becoming an obstacle to significant improvement and transformation in education. Utilising our research and experience in the field of educational technology, this paper problematises the common elision of ‘technology’ and ‘digital technology’. From this basis, we then critically reflect on various common approaches to introducing digital technology in education under the guise of promoting equality and digital inclusion. These include national government-led programmes, more recent trends for local school-led initiatives, and the role of non-formal education initiatives led by corporations/foundations. Amidst the varying surface-level ‘failure’ and/or ‘success’ of these approaches, we point to limited underpinning ‘information and knowledge society’ logics in framing the application of digital technology to education. As such we conclude by considering the educational challenges for future Ed-Tech initiatives.
Keywords: Educational change; digital technology corporations; educational challenges; educational policies; school improvement

Schooling for All: Feasible Strategies to Achieve Universal Education - Sandefur, Justin (Center for Global Development, 2022)
This report debates the case for specific public investments in education in low- and lower-middle-income countries, drawing on evidence of what has worked not just in small-scale experiments but historically and in large-scale national programs. Its messages are intended more for economic policymakers than educators, as they speak to what can be accomplished with fiscal instruments (money) and where trade-offs must be made. CGD does not take institutional positions.

The political economy of bad data: Evidence from African survey and administrative statistics - Sandefur, Justin; Glassman, Amanda (The Journal of Development Studies, 2015)
Across multiple African countries, discrepancies between administrative data and independent household surveys suggest official statistics systematically exaggerate development progress. We provide evidence for two distinct explanations of these discrepancies. First, governments misreport to foreign donors, as in the case of a results-based aid programme rewarding reported vaccination rates. Second, national governments are themselves misled by frontline service providers, as in the case of primary education, where official enrolment numbers diverged from survey estimates after funding shifted from user fees to per pupil government grants. Both syndromes highlight the need for incentive compatibility between data systems and funding rules.

The Long-Run Decline of Education Quality in the Developing World - Sandefur, Justin; Le Nestour, Alexis; Moscoviz, Laura (Center for Global Development, 2022)

Mapping the Mixed Methods-Mixed Research Synthesis Terrain - Sandelowski, Margarete; Voils, Corrine I.; Leeman, Jennifer; Crandell, Jamie L. (Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 2012)
Mixed methods-mixed research synthesis is a form of systematic review in which the findings of qualitative and quantitative studies are integrated via qualitative and/or quantitative methods. Although methodological advances have been made, efforts to differentiate research synthesis methods have been too focused on methods and not focused enough on the defining logics of research synthesis-each of which may be operationalized in different ways-or on the research findings themselves that are targeted for synthesis. The conduct of mixed methods-mixed research synthesis studies may more usefully be understood in terms of the logics of aggregation and configuration. Neither logic is preferable to the other nor tied exclusively to any one method or to any one side of the qualitative/quantitative binary. © The Author(s) 2012.
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate; aggregation; configuration; mixed research synthesis; systematic review

Teacher change in technology-rich classrooms - Sandholtz, Judith H.; Ringstaff, Cathy (Education and technology: Reflections on computing in classrooms, 1996)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Summary: Webinar on COVID-19 fallout on poverty and livelihoods in Bangladesh: results from SANEM’s nation-wide survey conducted in Nov-Dec 2020 - SANEM (SANEM, 2021)
The 10th episode of SANEM Shongzog on "COVID-19 Fallout on Poverty and Livelihoods in Bangladesh: Results from SANEM's Nationwide Survey (Nov-Dec 2020)" was held on 23 January 2021.

Learning ecologies through a lens: Ontological, methodological and applicative issues. A systematic review of the literature - Sangrá, Albert; Raffaghelli, Juliana Elisa; Guitert‐Catasús, Montse (British Journal of Educational Technology, 2019)
The concept of learning ecologies emerged in a context of educational change. While the “learning ecologies” construct has offered a broad semantic space for characterizing innovative ways of learning, it is also true that its potential to promote innovative educational interventions may have been hindered by this same broadness. Based on this assumption, in this paper the authors carried out a systematic review of the literature on learning ecologies with the aim of analysing: (1) the varying definitions given to the concept, including the ontological perspective underlying the phenomena studied; (2) the methodological approaches adopted in studying the phenomenon; and (3) the applications of the research on this topic. Throughout this analysis, the authors attempt to describe the criticalities of the existing research, as well as the potential areas of development that align well with the theoretical/ontological issues, methodological approaches and educational applications. The authors selected and analysed 85 articles, which they then classified in a set of 20 categories defined by them on a theoretical basis. Moreover, in order to triangulate the manual coding, a bibliometric map was created showing the co-citation activity of the 85 papers. The emerging picture showed significant variability in the ontological definitions and methodological approaches. In spite of this richness, few educational applications currently exist, particularly with regard to technology-enhanced learning developments. Most research is observational, devoted to describing hybrid (digital and on-site) learning activities that bridge the gap between the school and social spaces. Furthermore, many of the studies relate to the field of secondary education, with fewer studies exploring adult learning and higher education. The studies dealing with professional development relate mostly to teachers’ continuing education. The authors conclude that the concept of learning ecologies could be used to address further experimental and design-based research leading to research applications if there is proper alignment between the ontological, methodological and applicative dimensions. The main potential of this strategy lies in the possibility of supporting learners by raising their awareness of their own learning ecologies, thereby empowering them and encouraging them to engage in agentic practices. This empowerment could help maintain and build new and better learning opportunities, which every learning ecology can incorporate, amidst the chaotic abundance that characterizes the digital society.
Keywords: Reviewed

Building an inclusive definition of e-learning: An approach to the conceptual framework - Sangrà, Albert; Vlachopoulos, Dimitrios; Cabrera, Nati (The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 2012)
E-learning is part of the new dynamic that characterises educational systems at the start of the 21st century. Like society, the concept of e-learning is subject to constant change. In addition, it is difficult to come up with a single definition of e-learning that would be accepted by the majority of the scientific community. The different understandings of e-learning are conditioned by particular professional approaches and interests.

Coronavirus: Edtech unicorn BYJU’S free offer sees 150% jump in new students - Sangwan, Sujata (2020)
The initiative to support students to learn from home during coronavirus outbreak receives overwhelming response from metros and non-metros, BYJU'S said.

iPad: efficacy of electronic devices to help children with autism spectrum disorder to communicate in the classroom - Sankardas, Sulata Ajit; Rajanahally, Jayashree (Support for Learning, 2017)
Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are known to have difficulty in social communication, with research indicating that children with ASD fail to develop functional speech (Lord and Rutter, 1994). Over the years a number of Augmented and Alternate Communication (AAC) devices have been used with children with ASD to overcome this barrier and to facilitate communication. This article examines an Indian AAC tool called AVAZ (meaning sound), which is the first of its kind in India. The project reported also looks at the effectiveness of using AVAZ and the use of iPads by children with ASD in the classroom. Additionally, the article examines the suitability of using iPads for all learners in the spectrum. Twenty children between the ages of 4 and 10 years were selected to trial the use of AVAZ. They received three sessions weekly of 45 minutes over a period of 10 weeks. The feedback of the special educators who trained the children was analysed. The findings of this small scale study indicates that the children preferred using the AVAZ app and the iPad to pen and paper. Huguenin (2004) too indicated similar reports in using Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in enhancing children's motivation to learn and communicate. The trainers felt it could be used as an educational tool, and many more educational concepts could be added. Research also suggests that ICT can be used as a tool to tutor for educational purpose (Means, 1994). The AVAZ app could be recommended to children with ASD who are included in mainstream schools. This study was conducted at Sankalp, a special school in Tamil Nadu, Chennai.
Keywords: alternate and augmented communication; autism spectrum disorder; information and communication technology; social communication

Education in Emergencies Endline Evaluation Report – Sierra Leone - Sankoh, Didan; Cowan, Emma (Girls' Education Challenge, UK Aid, 2016)

Paying Per Diems for ICT4D Project Participation: A Sustainability Challenge - Sanner, Terje Aksel; Sæbø, Johan Ivar (Information Technologies & International Development, 2014)
The article highlights the contradictory role per diem payments play in swiftly attracting local participation in ICT for Development (ICT4D) projects, while undermining long-term capacity building and sustainability with such efforts. We discuss sustainability challenges endemic to ICT4D projects in light of our case study findings from a mobile phone–based intervention in a public health management information system (HMIS) in Malawi. We explore these challenges at multiple levels of analysis by drawing on the neo-institutional notion of “institutional logics.” For practitioners and policy makers, the article offers suggestions on how to counter some of the pitfalls associated with the use of per diems to incentivize ICT4D project participants. The study contributes to the institutional logics perspective by exploring empirically the intricate interdependence between two mutually reinforcing, yet seemingly incongruent institutional logics of development project impact and aid entitlement.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

CBM Position Paper Audiology - Santana, Diego; Castellanos, Patricia; Tesni, Siân (2015)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Repositories of Open Educational Resources: An Assessment of Reuse and Educational Aspects - Santos-Hermosa, Gema; Ferran-Ferrer, Núria; Abadal, Ernest (The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 2017)
Keywords: OER; evaluation; higher education; open educational resources; repositories; reuse

The effect of the Ebola crisis on the education system’s contribution to post-conflict sustainable peacebuilding in Liberia - Santos, Ricardo; Novelli, Mario (University of Sussex, 2017)

The Views of Educational Practitioners in Ghana on ICT Use and Instructional Design Practice for Promoting Quality Education - Sarfo, Frederick Kwaku (Seventh IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT 2007), 2007)
Many ICT boosters are of the view that ICT on its own can promote quality teaching and learning. In line with this metaphor, the need to provide computers in the classrooms often takes precedence over training teachers to acquire skills in instructional design. However, it is evident in the instructional technology literature that good design of the learning task by the teacher is the fundamental requirement for quality teaching. This study was intended to explore the views of 90 educational practitioners (students, teachers and policy makers) in Ghana on the use of ICT and good design of instruction by the teacher for quality teaching and learning. Five Point Likert-type scales were used for the data collection. The results of the study indicate that in Ghana students are not very certain as to whether ICT or teachers can facilitate the implementation of the first five principles of instruction for quality teaching and learning. Moreover, a great number of teachers and policy makers are of the view that teachers can facilitate the implementation of the first five principles of instruction better than an ICT. However, it was recommended by the students, teachers and policy makers that both teachers and students should be trained to use ICT to facilitate teaching and learning.

Online learning community: A case study of teacher professional development in Indonesia - Sari, Eunice (Intercultural Education, 2012)
This paper investigates the concept of online learning community (OLC) to address the issues of teacher professional development practice in twenty-first-century Indonesia. Teachers in Indonesia are trained in a 'conventional way', hence, not ready to prepare the younger generations for entrance into the twenty-first-century complex life and work environment. The pedagogical transformation of a teacher can be facilitated through teacher professional development. Recent studies show that OLC holds great promise in improving teachers' professional practice. This paper presents key results of the introduction and trialling of OLC with Indonesian teachers and teacher educators between 2009 and 2010 and aims to explore the feasibility of this model to support professional development of teachers in this era. The social learning interactions among community members were examined using Scardamalia's Twelve Socio-Cognitive Determinants of Knowledge Building and Hoftsede's Cultural Dimension Review for Indonesia.

Text classification using deep learning techniques: A bibliometric analysis and future research directions - Sarin, Gaurav; Kumar, Pradeep; Mukund, M. (Benchmarking: An International Journal, 2023)
Keywords: Bibliometric analysis; Classification; Data mining; Deep learning; Text analytics; _Added-ailr-2024

Generation Unlimited: Investing for and with Young People - Sarkar, Urmila (2019)

Emergency remote teaching experiences of basic education teachers in the Philippines - Sarmiento, Celina; Cajimat, Rodney; Mistades, Voltaire; Lapinid, Minie Rose; Aguja, Socorro; Prudente, Maricar; Cascolan, Honelly Mae; Lucas, Rochelle; Gonzales, Richard; Peñafiel, Jayson; Ilanan, Celia; Avilla, Ruel; et al. (2022)
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/366557563_Emergency_remote_teaching_experiences_of_basic_education_teachers_in_the_Philippines Link to article: https://researchjournal.nrcp.dost.gov.ph The COVID-19 worldwide outbreak drove all educational institutions to enforce school closures and sought alternative ways to sustain education. In response, the Philippine Department of Education initiated social distancing measures, transitioned the curriculum to the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs), and equipped for Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT). However, the shift occurred abruptly with insufficient preparation. Hence, teachers were obliged to deliver education in an unfamiliar environment, requiring additional skills and resources. In this study, the experiences of school teachers who had to endure sudden changes and be exposed in a new teaching and learning environment was investigated. A nationwide survey in April 2021 was participated by 28,859 basic education public school teachers in all levels and descriptive statistics was done to analyze the data gathered. Results suggest that most teachers utilize printed modules as the modality for remote teaching. This finding is probably because stable internet access is still a challenge in many areas of the country. As a result, teachers implement less interactive forms of activities. Facebook also emerged as a widely used means for communication with students and colleagues. Teachers also learned how to use several applications to cope with the demands of the new work environment. With these findings, the education sector is enjoined to conceptualize modifications that could improve remote teaching implementation in the country.

The Issues and Challenges of Using Multimedia at a District Level, Specialized Girls’ College in Bangladesh - Sarowardy, Muhammad Hasan; Halder, Deb Proshad (Creative Education, 2019)
The use of multimedia in imparting education has inevitably been trendy owing to its multifold benefits which have been established and reinvestigated as inseparable teaching aid and tool in teaching-learning process. But This technological assisting component cannot be accorded in many of the institutions of Bangladesh due to several internal as well as external factors. This paper aims to highlight the emerging factors that beset in the institution of Bangladesh. This institutional study on the issues and challenges of using of multimedia in a district (urban area) level girls’ college projects a thorough realization of the difficulties what this types of attributive colleges face in Bangladesh. The resource constraint, the lack of motivation of the teachers, the lack of expert human resource, the insufficient digital tools and lack of multimedia-enabled class environment are found to be barriers and some guiding directives are also imposed in this paper that emerges through the interviews of the teachers and the Vice principal. Thus, the paper, in a miniature effort, tries to lay out the challenges the college of Bangladesh faces and highlight some remedial ways to cope up the challenges.

Liberia ICT Policy 2017-2021: Initial Stakeholders Consultation - Sarpong, Eleanor (Alliance for Affordable Internet, 2016)

Using community-based structures in education programming - Sarton, Emma; Thukral, Hetal (2021)
This Thematic Review summarises the learning around how community-based structures (CBSs) supported projects during COVID-19 school and community-based education closures. It examines the role of CBSs in supporting Girls’ Education Challenge projects to pivot successfully and identifies six characteristics of successful utilisation of CBSs. This Thematic Review is primarily aimed at projects, implementors and non-governmental organisations interested in working with CBSs to maximise project outcomes now and in the future. It is also useful for researchers and policy makers, supporting conversations about how to best work with communities and CBSs.

Five lessons learnt from Bangladesh's experience responding to COVID-19 - Sarwar, , Mohammad Afzal Hossain; Hossain, Iqbal; Kaye, Tom (EdTech Hub, 2020)
by Md. Afzal Hossain Sarwar (a2i), Iqbal Hossain (UNICEF Bangladesh) and Tom Kaye (EdTech Hub) In recent months, the EdTech Hub has produced a range of documents to support and guide countries as they develop and implement plans to help students keep learning during school closures. Some of the work we have produced includes: a guide to a five-part response…
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; ___working_potential_duplicate; _zenodoETH; dode_eth-src-eth; dode_eth-trf2-dode

Reading Audrey Watters: A reflection on personalised learning via education technology through a decolonial lens - Sarwar, Moizza Binat (EdTech Hub, 2022)
At EdTech Hub, we’ve been reflecting on how coloniality is embedded in the work we do: from the colonial roots of the international development sector, to colonial practices embedded in research methods, to “core-to-periphery” design and deployment of EdTech interventions.

Towards a Resilient Education Recovery from Pakistan's Floods: Rapid Response Research - Sarwar, Moizza Binat (Malala Fund & Pakistan Coalition for Education, 2023)

Pathways towards quality primary education: improving completion and learning outcomes - Sarwar, Moizza Binat; Moreno, Diego Benitez; Homonchuk, Olha; Roche, Jose Manuel; Nicolai, Susan (Overseas Development Institute, 2021)

The use of technology in hybrid learning for student with special needs - Sarwendah, Ade Putri; Azizah, Nur; Mumpuniarti, Mumpuniarti (Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 2023)
Keywords: ⛔ No INSPIRE recid found

The use of technology in hybrid learning for student with special needs - Sarwendah, Ade Putri; Azizah, Nur; Mumpuniarti, Mumpuniarti (Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 2023)
Keywords: ⛔ No INSPIRE recid found

Nigeria : A Short Update on Poverty and Shared Prosperity - Sattar, Sarosh; Kalam Azad, Abul (World Bank, 2019)

Inclusive education: determinants of schooling in urban slums of Islamabad, Pakistan - Sattar, Usman; Zhang, Dunfu (American Journal of Sociological Research, 2017)
This paper seeks to identify the factors determining school enrollment in slum localities of Islamabad, Pakistan. A quantitative research design with the survey method was adopted to obtain data from household heads. The sample was consisted of 220 respondents. The data was collected with convenient sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was prepared as a tool for data collection. The data was analyzed with logistic regression model on STATA 0.9 software. The results disclosed that child’s gender, household income and household head’s education are important factors determining school enrollment in slum localities of Islamabad, Pakistan.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Averting an Education Catastrophe for the World’s Children - Save Our Future (Save Our Future, 2020)
Education faces a triple threat: 90% of children in the world have had their education interrupted due to COVID-19. This...

COVID-19: Most marginalised children will bear the brunt of unprecedented school closures around the world - Save the Children (Save the Children International, 2020)
Governments and communities must act now to ensure that millions of vulnerable children do not lose out on their education as schools close their gates to try and contain the Coronavirus outbreak, warns Save the Children. More than 120 countries have already introduced nation-wide school and...