Towards Integration of EMIS in Rwanda - Government of Rwanda (2020)

Sierra Leone Teaching Service Commission Act - Government of Sierra Leone (2011)

Constitution of Sierra Leone - Government of Sierra Leone (1991)

EMIS – MBSSE - Government of Sierra Leone (2022)

Sierra Leone’s Medium-Term National Development Plan 2019-2023: Education for Development. - Government of Sierra Leone (2019)

The Agenda for Prosperity: Road to Middle Income Status - Government of Sierra Leone (2013)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

ESSP Contract 2019: Example partnership contract - Government of Sindh (Government of Sindh, 2019)

School Education and Literacy Department - Government of Sindh (2020)

School Education Sector Plan and Roadmap for Sindh - Government of Sindh (2019)

School Education Sector Plan and Roadmap for Sindh (2019–2024) - Government of Sindh. School Education & Literacy Department (2019)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

Somalia Education Sector COVID-19 Response Plan - Government of Somalia (2020)

South Sudan Schools: Ana Fii Inni - Government of South Sudan (2022)

President's Office - Regional Administration and Local Government Fee Free Basic Education - Capitation Grants Disbursed to Secondary Schools 2019/2020 - Government of Tanzania (2020)

Tanzania National Development Vision 2025 - Government of Tanzania (2021)

Pre-Primary, Primary, Secondary, Adult and Non-Formal Education Statistics 2020 - Government of Tanzania, PO-RALG (2020)

Punjab Education Sector Plan 2019/20–2023/2024 - Government of the Punjab (2019)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate; auto_merged

Punjab Education Sector Plan (2019-2024) - Government of the Punjab (2019)

Punjab IT Policy - Government of the Punjab (2018)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate; auto_merged

Taleem Ghar - Government of the Punjab (2020)
Keywords: auto_merged

Taleem Ghar - Government of the Punjab (2020)

Taleem Ghar: An initiative by Government of the Punjab - Government of the Punjab

Education Sector Implementation Plan II (2013/14 - 2017/18) - Government of the Republic of Malawi; UNICEF Malawi (2014)

Government Gazette - Government of the Republic of South Africa (2022)

Part 2: Frameworks for Conditional Grants to Provinces: Detailed frameworks on Schedule 4, Part A; Schedule 5, Part A; Schedule 6, Part A; and Schedule 7, Part A grants to provinces - Government of the Republic of South Africa (Government of the Republic of South Africa, 2020)

Prêmio Escola Nota 10 - Government of the State of Ceará

Fiscal Transfers: View Consolidated formulae - Government of Uganda (OTIMS, 2023)

Education Amendment Act - Government of Zimbabwe (2019)

National Education Act - Government of Zimbabwe (1987)

Outcomes-based funding in education: Assessing cost effectiveness and accountability - Government Outcomes Lab (2022)

Bangladesh Education Sector Analysis - GPE (2020)

Ghana education sector analysis. 2018 | Documents | Global Partnership for Education - GPE (2018)
Ghana’s Education Sector Analysis (ESA) 2018 provides an objective assessment of the state of education in the country. It has been produced to inform the finalization of the Education Sector Plan (ESP) 2018–2030 and to ensure a broad evidence base for future policymaking.

Meeting the data challenge in education. A knowledge and innovation exchange (KIX) discussion paper | Documents | Global Partnership for Education - GPE (GPE, 2019)
The purpose of this paper is to describe the current landscape in education data systems and spark discussion and debate around potential areas for KIX investment.

Methodological Guidelines for Education Sector Analysis. Volume 3 | Documents | Global Partnership for Education - GPE (2021)
The Methodological Guidelines provide methods for carrying out a comprehensive analysis of the education sector in lower-income countries.

Proposal for GPE Accelerated Funding for COVID-19 Response: Malawi - GPE (Global Partnership for Education, 2020)

Putting girls’ education first in Kenya | Blog | Global Partnership for Education - GPE (2020)
With support from the Global Partnership for Education, the Government of Kenya is making strides in ensuring that all girls – including those living in the poorest and most remote areas of the country - have access to quality education.

Summative Evaluation of GPE’s Country-Level Support to Education: Bangladesh - GPE (Global Partnership for Education, 2020)

Summative GPE country program evaluation - GPE (2019)

Using technology to bring education to the most remote areas - GPE (2019)

Using technology to bring education to the most remote areas - GPE (2019)

Outcomes of the Education Data Solutions Roundtable - GPE and Education Data Solutions Roundtable (2019)
This document’s intent is to support developing country partners by offering concrete, actionable recommendations for improving their education sector data production, flows, reporting and usage.

Guidelines for Education Sector Plan Preparation - GPE; IIEP-UNESCO (UNESCO, 2015)

Sierra Leone teacher & school MIS developments: Sierra Leone Education Attendance Monitoring System (SLEAMS) and Teacher Records Management (TRM) system - Graham, Hannah (2021)

Sierra Leone Education Attendance Monitoring System (SLEAMS) Final Technical Report - Graham, Hannah; Kawa, Muniru; Lee, Philip; Malyon, Stephanie; Hayward, Harry; Conteh, Sheriff; Chandia, Gloria (Charlie Goldsmiths Associates, 2020)

Towards a study of information geographies: (im)mutable augmentations and a mapping of the geographies of information: Towards a study of information geographies - Graham, Mark; De Sabbata, Stefano; Zook, Matthew A. (Geo: Geography and Environment, 2015)
Keywords: Digital Divide; Geoweb; augmented realities; immutable mobiles; information geography

Education Technology Market Size & Growth Report, 2030 - Grand View Research (Grand View Research, 2021)
The global education technology market size was valued at USD 106.46 billion in 2021 and is expected to expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 16.5% from 2022 to 2030

Opening the Black Box: The contextual drivers of social accountability - Grandvoinnet, Helene; Aslam, Ghazia; Raha, Shomikho (New Frontiers of Social Policy, 2015)

Technology acceptance model in educational context: A systematic literature review - Granić, Andrina; Marangunić, Nikola (British Journal of Educational Technology, 2019)
A respectable amount of work dealing with Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) clearly indicates a popularity of TAM in the field of technology acceptance in general. Nevertheless, there is still a gap in existing knowledge regarding representative academic literature that underlie research on TAM in educational context. The main objective of this systematic literature review is to provide an overview of the current state of research efforts on TAM application in the field of learning and teaching for a variety of learning domains, learning technologies and types of users. Through systematic search by the use of EBSCO Discovery Service, the review has identified 71 relevant studies ranged between 2003 and 2018. The main findings indicate that TAM and its many different versions represent a credible model for facilitating assessment of diverse learning technologies. TAM's core variables, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, have been proven to be antecedent factors affecting acceptance of learning with technology. The paper identifies some gaps in current work and suggests areas for further investigation. The results of this systematic review provide a better understanding of TAM acceptance studies in educational context and create a firm foundation for advancing knowledge in the field. Practitioner Notes What is already known about this topic Technology acceptance research in teaching and learning context has become an attractive trend. A number of reviews and meta-analysis focused on specific topics related to technology acceptance in education have been conducted. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is the key model in understanding predictors of human behaviour towards potential acceptance or rejection of the technology. What this paper adds The state of current research on Technology Acceptance Model application in educational context lacks comprehensive reviews addressing variety of learning domains, learning technologies and types of users. The paper presents systematic review of relevant academic literature on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in the field of learning and teaching. The paper provides empirical evidence on the predictive validity of the models based on TAM presented in selected literature. The findings revealed that TAM, along with its many different versions called TAM++, is a leading scientific paradigm and credible model for facilitating assessment of diverse technological deployments in educational context. TAM's core variables, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, have been proven to be antecedent factors that have affected acceptance of learning with technology. Implications for practice and/or policy The systematic review adds to the body of knowledge and creates a firm foundation for advancing knowledge in the field. By following the most common research objectives and/or by filling current gaps in applied research methods, chosen sample groups and types of result analysis, an own study could be conducted. Future research may well focus on identifying additional external factors that could further explain acceptance and usage of various learning technologies.

Comparison of Fixed-Item and Response-Sensitive Versions of an Online Tutorial - Grant, Lyle K.; Courtoreille, Marni (The Psychological Record, 2007)

A typology of reviews: an analysis of 14 review types and associated methodologies - Grant, Maria J.; Booth, Andrew (Health Information & Libraries Journal, 2009)
Background and objectives: The expansion of evidence-based practice across sectors has lead to an increasing variety of review types. However, the diversity of terminology used means that the full potential of these review types may be lost amongst a confusion of indistinct and misapplied terms. The objective of this study is to provide descriptive insight into the most common types of reviews, with illustrative examples from health and health information domains. Methods: Following scoping searches, an examination was made of the vocabulary associated with the literature of review and synthesis (literary warrant). A simple analytical framework—Search, AppraisaL, Synthesis and Analysis (SALSA)—was used to examine the main review types. Results: Fourteen review types and associated methodologies were analysed against the SALSA framework, illustrating the inputs and processes of each review type. A description of the key characteristics is given, together with perceived strengths and weaknesses. A limited number of review types are currently utilized within the health information domain. Conclusions: Few review types possess prescribed and explicit methodologies and many fall short of being mutually exclusive. Notwithstanding such limitations, this typology provides a valuable reference point for those commissioning, conducting, supporting or interpreting reviews, both within health information and the wider health care domain.

Resource Pack to Support Remote Learning - Radio - Grant, Ursula; Jordan, Caroline; Kamal, Helen; Kube-Barth, Sabine; Waistell, Daniel; Williamson, Sue; Hedges, Claire; Power, Tom; Richardson, Alison Mead (World Bank Group, 2021)
Resource Pack to Support Remote Learning - Radio (English)

Can Education be Standardized? Evidence from Kenya - Gray-Lobe, Guthrie; Keats, Anthony; Kremer, Michael; Mbiti, Isaac; Ozier, Owen (Becker Friedman Institute for Economics at the University of Chicago, 2022)
We examine the impact of enrolling in schools that employ a highly-standardized approach to education, using random variation from a large nationwide scholarship program. Bridge International Academies not...

Assessing national achievement levels in education. National assessments of educational achievement. Volume 1. - Greaney, V.; Kellaghan, T. (The World Bank, 2008)

How change happens - Green, D. (Oxford University Press, 2016)

Payment by Results hasn’t produced much in the way of results, but aid donors are doing it anyway. Why? – FP2P - Green, Duncan (2016)

Toward a conceptual framework for mixed-method evaluation designs - Greene, Jennifer C.; Caracelli, Valerie J.; Graham, Wendy F. (Educational evaluation and policy analysis, 1989)

The ‘leave no one behind’ index - Greenhill, Romilly (Overseas Development Institute, 2017)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Learning and teachin with social network sites: A decade of research in K-12 related education - Greenhow, Christine; Askari, E (Education and Information Technologies, 2017)

Social distancing meet social media: Digital tools for connecting students, teachers, and citizens in an emergency - Greenhow, Christine; Chapman, Amy (Information and Learning Science, 2020)
Purpose: In a public health crisis where social distancing, or physical distancing while in public spaces, is the new normal, social media offer respite from being alone. Recent statistics show spikes in social media usage worldwide during the Covid-19 pandemic. More than just easing loneliness, such freely available digital tools offer affordances for education in an emergency. Design/methodology/approach: This paper summarizes insights from literature reviews of over a decade of research and recent case studies on the benefits of teaching with social media in K-12 education. Findings: The authors highlight three affordances of social media for fostering active learning, community building and civic participation and describe how social media can be used in conjunction with conventional learning management systems. Furthermore, the authors argue that the unprecedented health crisis that is faced today requires the participation of responsible citizens of all ages; K-12 public education is on the front lines of preparing informed and active citizens and the integration of social media as part of remote education plans can help. Practical implications: The paper includes instructional guidelines for K-12 teachers and instructional designers in various settings who seek to integrate social media as part of their strategy for teaching students at a distance and facilitating their civic participation. Originality/value: This paper fulfills an identified need for evidence-based and pragmatic approaches to K-12 online teaching and learning using technologies already widely in use (i.e. social media).
Keywords: Active learning; COVID-19 pandemic; Civic participation; Community building; Distance education; K-12 education; Social media

Limitations of Malaysia’s Data Protection Bill - Greenleaf, Graham (2010)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

The value of language skills - Grenier, Gilles (IZA World of Labor, 2015)

Republic of Sierra Leone Settlement Extents - GRID3 (Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University and Novel-T, 2021)

Understanding access to education in Nigeria - GRID3 (GRID3, 2020)
To support Nigeria’s Universal Basic Educational Commission (UBEC) in improving access to education, GRID3 Nigeria used geospatial data to analyse the location of current schools to Nigeria's school-age population and recommend new school locations.

OU part of £5.5m research portfolio to improve education tech in low and middle income countries - Grimette, Hannah (OU News, 2022)
The Open University (OU) has launched a study with global research partner, Edtech Hub, to investigate the impact of technology on teaching in Bangladesh. Part of EdTech's first research portfolio, the OU's 3Mpower is one of 13 projects, which represents the largest investment in primary research on EdTech's use in low- and middle-income countries.

OU partners with Ministry of Education in Ghana to launch OpenSTEM Africa - Grimmette, Hannah (OU News, 2019)
The Open University and the Ministry of Education (Ghana) have launched a programme to promote the effective teaching of practical science in Senior High Schools. Open STEM Africa: Ghana, is aimed at improving practical teaching and learning of science and in particular providing support for under-qualified or inexperienced science teachers, in line with the government of Ghana’s education policy.

Learning and Teaching With Mobile Devices: An Approach in Higher Secondary Education in Ghana - Grimus, Margarete; Ebner, Martin (International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning, 2015)
While many developing nations find Internet-based e-learning unsuitable for their needs mobile learning methods – specifically those involving the use of mobile-phones for both formal and informal learning – hold great promise for them (Grimus et al, 2013b). In this paper chances and challenges introduced by mobile devices to support improvement and transformation of education in a Senior High School in Ghana are examined. The field-study draws attention to the local situation, looking at infrastructure and teachers and students attitudes in using digital learning material. This paper presents results of a pilot project at a Senior High Technical School in Ghana, by addressing the issue how mobile devices can be integrated in learning and teaching. Based on our results we conclude that teachers and students hold great promise for using mobile devices for learning. Together they developed content based on the national curriculum, available for eReaders and mobile phones.
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

Learning and teaching with mobile devices: an approach in higher secondary education in Ghana - Grimus, Margarete; Ebner, Martin (International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning, 2015)
While many developing nations find Internet-based e-learning unsuitable for their needs mobile learning methods--specifically those involving the use of mobile-phones for both formal and informal learning--hold great promise for them (Grimus et al, 2013b). In this paper chances and challenges introduced by mobile devices to support improvement and transformation of education in a Senior High School in Ghana are examined. The field-study draws attention to the local situation, looking at infrastructure and teachers and students attitudes in using digital learning material. This paper presents results of a pilot project at a Senior High Technical School in Ghana, by addressing the issue how mobile devices can be integrated in learning and teaching. Based on our results we conclude that teachers and students hold great promise for using mobile devices for learning. Together they developed content based on the national curriculum, available for eReaders and mobile phones.
Keywords: ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE); Educational Technology; Faculty Development; Feedback (Response); Foreign Countries; Ghana; Handheld Devices; Online Surveys; Secondary Education; Semi Structured Interviews; Student Attitudes; Teacher Attitudes; Technical Education; Technology Uses in Education; Telecommunications; Workshops; __:import:03; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2096257; ___working_potential_duplicate; __finaldtb

Learning and teaching with mobile devices: an approach in higher secondary education in Ghana - Grimus, Margarete; Ebner, Martin (International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning, 2015)
While many developing nations find Internet-based e-learning unsuitable for their needs mobile learning methods--specifically those involving the use of mobile-phones for both formal and informal learning--hold great promise for them (Grimus et al, 2013b). In this paper chances and challenges introduced by mobile devices to support improvement and transformation of education in a Senior High School in Ghana are examined. The field-study draws attention to the local situation, looking at infrastructure and teachers and students attitudes in using digital learning material. This paper presents results of a pilot project at a Senior High Technical School in Ghana, by addressing the issue how mobile devices can be integrated in learning and teaching. Based on our results we conclude that teachers and students hold great promise for using mobile devices for learning. Together they developed content based on the national curriculum, available for eReaders and mobile phones.
Keywords: ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE); Educational Technology; Faculty Development; Feedback (Response); Foreign Countries; Ghana; Handheld Devices; Online Surveys; Secondary Education; Semi Structured Interviews; Student Attitudes; Teacher Attitudes; Technical Education; Technology Uses in Education; Telecommunications; Workshops; __:import:03; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2096257; ___working_potential_duplicate; __finaldtb

LEARNING AND TEACHING WITH MOBILE DEVICES AN APPROACH IN SECONDARY EDUCATION IN GHANA - Grimus, Margarete; Ebner, Martin (2014)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Learning and Teaching with Mobile Devices: An Approach in Secondary Education in Ghana - Grimus, Margarete; Ebner, Martin (Institute for Information Systems Computer Media, Graz University of Technology, 2014)
While many developing nations find Internet-based e-learning unsuitable for their needs (lack of technology as well as of accessibility), mobile learning methods – specifically those involving the use of mobile-phones for both formal and informal learning – hold great promise for them (Grimus et al, 2013b). This article examines the chances and challenges of the use of mobile devices to support improvement and transformation of education in a Senior High School in Ghana. It draws attention to the local situation in a field-study looking at infrastructure, development of material and support. A model for teacher training was designed to facilitate teachers’ attitudes and abilities for implementation of mobile learning. The article figures out how mobile devices can be integrated in learning and teaching on the specific background of a school in Ghana. Based on our results we conclude that teachers and students want to use mobile devices in learning. Their perceptions are positive and they developed courses for specific subjects available for eReaders and mobile phones. The results and feedback from two workshops encourage us to propose this model as an example for integration of mobile devices for learning in other regions of Sub Sahara Africa.

Mobile Learning as a chance to enhance education in developing countries – on the example of Ghana - Grimus, Margarete; Ebner, Martin; Holzinger, Andreas (mLearn, 2012)
Education has become one of the biggest public enterprises in Ghana, taking about 11 percent of the GDP, enrolling about a quarter of the population in schools and other educational services (EDU 2011). The need for content, the demands of young people, requesting material for self-conducted learning, the lack of teachers, the small proportion of trained teachers and the lack of equipment in schools in rural areas are a huge challenge. The advancement of technology and high mobile penetration rates in developing countries has broadened the horizon of education. One possibility to overcome the problems is the application of the concept of mobile learning (called m-Learning). At first, it is required to describe the current situation in Ghana; this includes the identification of stakeholders as well as corresponding and influencing factors, which have to be taken in consideration when planning a holistic m-Learning-model for Ghana. MLearning implies inherently a chance in the didactical approach. In the next step, together with a group of teachers in Ghana, research will be done, aiming at the implementation of a sustainable m-Learning concept for secondary education. Integrating teachers in the first phase is a necessity, since it supports the development of a pedagogical concept, which is necessary for a change in pedagogical practice to integrate m-Learning in daily practice.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Despite the Odds - Grindle, Merilee (2004)

A conceptual systems dynamics model of research and development activities in South Africa - Grobbelaar, S. S.; Buys, Andre J. (The South African Journal of Industrial Engineering, 2005)

Developing a Proof of Concept for a Regional Learning Hub for Eastern and Southern Africa Part 3: Skills taxonomy - Groeneveld, Caspar (EdTech Hub, 2022)
In 2021 the UNICEF Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Office (ESARO), UNESCO, UNHCR, the Inter-agency Network for Education in Emergencies (INEE) and EdTech Hub began collaborating to develop a Regional Learning Hub (RLH). The aim of the RLH is to create a platform to provide teaching and learning content aligned to the curricula of different countries in the region that is appropriate to local contexts. The RLH is envisaged as a platform where digital learning content has been pre-aligned with national curricula to enable use by governments and education stakeholders to facilitate quick selection of content for educational use in their regions. This document is the third of five reports on the development of a proof of concept for the Hub and describes our observations during the creation of a skills taxonomy. We recommend beginning with the Final report and then moving to any of the remaining four reports, depending on your interest: Inception report User research Skills taxonomy Content curation An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Keywords: _r:AddedByZotZen

Developing a Proof of Concept for a Regional Learning Hub for Eastern and Southern Africa Part 4: Content curation - Groeneveld, Caspar (EdTech Hub, 2022)
In 2021 the UNICEF Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Office (ESARO), UNESCO, UNHCR, the Inter-agency Network for Education in Emergencies (INEE) and EdTech Hub began collaborating to develop a Regional Learning Hub (RLH). The aim of the RLH is to create a platform to provide teaching and learning content aligned to the curricula of different countries in the region that is appropriate to local contexts. The RLH is envisaged as a platform where digital learning content has been pre-aligned with national curricula to enable use by governments and education stakeholders to facilitate quick selection of content for educational use in their regions. This document is the fourth of five reports on the development of a proof of concept for the Hub and describes our observations during content curation. We recommend beginning with the Final report and then moving to any of the remaining four reports, depending on your interest: Inception report User research Skills taxonomy Content curation An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Keywords: _r:AddedByZotZen

Deploying an e-Learning Environment in Zanzibar: A Short Guide - Groeneveld, Caspar; Kibga, Elia; Kaye, Tom (EdTech Hub, 2020)
In April 2020, the MoEVT and the World Bank approached the EdTech Hub to explore the feasibility of implementing a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE). The parties agreed on three deliverables to support this work. 1. A practical and actionable report analysing key factors to be considered in deploying an e-learning platform in Zanzibar. 2. A report documenting the process of sourcing appropriate digital content, aligning this content with the curriculum and populating the e-learning system accordingly. 3. An implementation plan to guide the deployment of an e-learning system in Zanzibar. This presentation deck is the third deliverable.
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _MELA_seen; _cover:v1; _zenodo:submitted; _zenodoETH; dode_eth-src-eth; dode_eth-trf2-dode

Deploying an e-learning Environment in Zanzibar: Digital Content Curation - Groeneveld, Caspar; Kibga, Elia; Kaye, Tom (EdTech Hub, 2020)
In April 2020, the Zanzibar Ministry of Education and Vocational Training (MoEVT) and the World Bank approached EdTech Hub (the Hub) to explore the feasibility of implementing a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE). The MoEVT, the World Bank and the Hub agreed that the Hub would work with the MoEVT to develop the following 1. A practical and actionable report analysing key factors to be considered in deploying an e-learning platform in Zanzibar. 2. A report documenting the process of sourcing appropriate digital content, aligning this content with the curriculum and populating the e-learning system accordingly. 3. An implementation plan to guide the deployment of the e-learning system. This document addresses the second part of the request and is an elaboration of the digital content selection, curation, and adaptation process suggested in the first report. However, this document is a stand-alone piece that does not require familiarity with any of the other deliverables.
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _GS:not_indexed; _MELA_seen; ___working_potential_duplicate; _cover:v2; _r:CopiedFromEvLib; _zenodo:submitted; _zenodoETH; dode_eth-src-eth; dode_eth-trf2-dode

Deploying an e-Learning Environment in Zanzibar: Feasibility Assessment - Groeneveld, Caspar; Kibga, Elia; Kaye, Tom (EdTech Hub, 2020)
The Zanzibar Ministry of Education and Vocational Training (MoEVT) and the World Bank (the Bank) approached the EdTech Hub (the Hub) in April 2020 to explore the feasibility of implementing a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE). The Hub was requested to focus primarily on the deployment of a VLE in lower secondary education, and this report consequently focuses primarily on this group. The report is structured in four sections: An introduction to provide the background and guiding principles for the engagement with a short overview of the methodology applied. An analysis of the Zanzibar education system with a particular focus on elements relevant to deploying a VLE. This includes the status of ICT infrastructure, and a summary of the stakeholders who will play a role in using or implementing a VLE. A third section that discusses types of VLEs and content organisation, and their applicability to the Zanzibar ecosystem. A conclusion with recommendations for Zanzibar, including short- and long-term steps. In this collaboration with Zanzibar’s MoEVT, the Hub team sought to understand the purpose of the proposed VLE. Based on discussions and user scenarios, we identified two main education challenges a VLE may help to resolve. In the short term, students cannot go to school during the COVID-19 crisis, but need access to educational content. There is content, but no flexible and versatile platform to disseminate content to all students. In the long term, a mechanism to provide students with access to quality, curriculum-aligned content in school, or remotely, is required.
Keywords: C:Tanzania; H:Online learning; LP: English; _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _MELA_seen; _cover:v1; _zenodo:submitted; _zenodoETH; dode_eth-src-eth; dode_eth-trf2-dode

Implementing a virtual learning environment in a resource-constrained setting: five key reflections - Groeneveld, Caspar; Kibga, Elia; Kaye, Tom (EdTech Hub, 2020)
Implementing a virtual learning environment is a challenge in any situation. But how do you implement one in a country with few resources, lacking technological infrastructure, and no experience with virtual learning? In response to Covid-19, Zanzibar is planning to implement a virtual learning environment (VLE) to complement its print-, radio-, and TV-based distance education programmes. In Zanzibar, an autonomous…
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _zenodoETH

A Work Plan for Content Creation - Groeneveld, Caspar; Kibga, Elia; Proctor, Jamie; Kaye, Tom (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _MELA_seen; _cover:v3; _r:AddedByZotZen; _zenodo:submitted; _zenodoETH

Helping improve the Kenya Education Cloud with a SWOT analysis - Groeneveld, Caspar; Kimenyi, Eric; Kaye, Tom (EdTech Hub, 2021)
In early 2021, EdTech Hub partnered with the Kenya Institute of Curriculum Development to support them to analyse the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the Kenya Education Cloud. This blog highlights what we learnt, and lessons that can inform the development of Virtual Learning Environments around the world.  Governments all over the world responded to Covid-19 school closures by…
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _zenodoETH

SWOT Analysis of the Kenya Education Cloud - Groeneveld, Caspar; Kimenyi, Eric; Kaye, Tom (EdTech Hub, 2021)
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; ___working_potential_duplicate; _cover:v3; _zenodoETH; dode_eth-src-eth; dode_eth-trf2-dode

Developing a Proof of Concept for a Regional Learning Hub for Eastern and Southern Africa Part 1: Inception Report - Groeneveld, Caspar; Michels, Guillaume; Kaye, Tom (EdTech Hub, 2022)
In 2021 the UNICEF Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Office (ESARO), UNESCO, UNHCR, the Inter-agency Network for Education in Emergencies (INEE) and EdTech Hub began collaborating to develop a Regional Learning Hub (RLH). The aim of the RLH is to create a platform to provide teaching and learning content aligned to the curricula of different countries in the region that is appropriate to local contexts. The RLH is envisaged as a platform where digital learning content has been pre-aligned with national curricula to enable use by governments and education stakeholders to facilitate quick selection of content for educational use in their regions. This document is the first of five reports on the development of a proof of concept for the Hub. It provides a background and overview of the project. We recommend beginning with the Final report and then moving to any of the remaining four reports, depending on your interest: Inception report User research Skills taxonomy Content curation An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Keywords: _r:AddedByZotZen

Developing a Proof of Concept for a Regional Learning Hub for Eastern and Southern Africa Part 5: Final report - Groeneveld, Caspar; Michels, Guillaume; Kaye, Tom (EdTech Hub, 2022)
In 2021, the UNICEF Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Office (ESARO), UNESCO, UNHCR, the Inter-agency Network for Education in Emergencies (INEE), and EdTech Hub began collaborating to develop a Regional Learning Hub (RLH). The aim of the RLH is to create a platform to provide teaching and learning content aligned to the curricula of different countries in the region that is appropriate to local contexts. The RLH is envisaged as a platform where digital learning content has been pre-aligned with national curricula to enable use by governments and education stakeholders to facilitate quick selection of content for educational use in their regions. This document is the fifth and final report on the development of a proof of concept for the Regional Learning Hub. We recommend beginning with this document and then moving to any of the remaining four reports, depending on your interest: Inception report; User research; Skills taxonomy; Content curation An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Keywords: _r:AddedByZotZen

EdTech in Tanzania: A Rapid Scan - Groeneveld, Caspar; Taddese, Abeba (EdTech Hub, 2020)
EdTech Hub country scans explore factors that enable and hinder the use of technology in education. These factors include the policy or vision for EdTech, institutional capacity, private-sector partnerships, and the digital infrastructure. The scans are intended to be comprehensive but are by no means exhaustive; however, we hope they will serve as a useful starting point for more in-depth discussions about opportunities and barriers in EdTech in specific countries, in this case, Tanzania. This report was originally written in June 2020. It is based primarily on desk research, with quality assurance provided by a country expert.
Keywords: C:Tanzania; LP: English; _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _MELA_seen; _cover:v1; _zenodo:submitted; _zenodoETH

Personalized Learning: The State of the Field & Future Directions - 2017 - Groff, Jennifer (2017)
Personalized Learning: The State of the Field & Future Directions - 2017
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Dynamic Systems Modeling in Educational System Design & Policy - Groff, Jennifer Sterling (Journal of New Approaches in Educational Research, 2013)

Effective Use of Assistive Technologies for Inclusive Education in Developing Countries: Issues and challenges from two case studies - Grönlund, Åke; Lim, Nena; Larsson, Hannu (International Journal of Education and Development using ICT, 2010)
Developing countries face many obstacles in the process of implementing inclusive education (IE). Effective use of assistive technologies (AT) can help governments in developing countries achieve inclusive education by helping children with disabilities in schools. Despite the importance and positive impact of AT, prior research on the use of AT in inclusive education especially in developing countries is limited. To fill the research gap in this area, this paper investigates the research question of, How can AT be effectively used for IE in developing countries? To address this question,...
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Classroom Cybernetics: an Approach for Effective and Efficient Classroom Teaching - Grover, Vijay (International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, 2016)
Cybernetics is not a new invention but its potential for application has not exhausted even after nearly seventy years of its origin. It started with idea of automation and control in the electrical and mechanical systems, but later on extended to biological, social systems and learning systems. Present paper is about application of cybernetics in education systems and discussion has been limited to only classroom situation. Cybernetics means ‘to steer’, ‘to navigate’ or ‘to govern’ for taking the system to desired goal. Here in classroom teaching-learning process is a system and the goal is success of the learner and learning process. Classroom cybernetics is constituted by Constructivism, Conversation theory and a feedback system. Constructivism resulted in five E’s namely- Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate and Evaluate. Conversation theory necessitatesinteraction between teacher and learner which passes through three levels of language namely-natural language, subject language and meat language. Feedback is another essential element of cybernetics which is an instrument for controlling the system to maintain equilibrium, move forward or even reverse it. Problem with the conversation theory is that it is applicable only for one to one correspondence between teacher and learner, thus can’t directly help in classroom situation. To make it applicable for classroom situation Ashby’s Law of requisite Variety has been applied which necessitates that teacher need to be hugely better equipped than the learners and should be skilled enough to visualize the learners’ state of mind. Thus effective use of constructivism, conversation theory, feedback loop and Ashby’s law of requisite varieties makes comprehensive Classroom Cybernetics.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Open for Business: How Open Data Can Help Achieve the G20 Growth Target - Gruen, Nicholas; Houghton, John; Tooth, Richard (Lateral Economics, 2014)

Accelerating affordable smartphone ownership in emerging markets - GSMA (2017)

Achieving mobile-enabled digital inclusion in Bangladesh - GSMA (2021)

Addressing the Mobile Gender Gap in Pakistan - GSMA (2021)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Connected Women: The Mobile Gender Gap Report - GSMA (2020)

Connected Women The Mobile Gender Gap Report 2021 - GSMA (GSMA, 2021)

Digital transformation in Tanzania. The role of mobile technology and impact on development goals - GSMA (2018)

Education for all in the time of COVID-19: how education can be part of the solution - GSMA (2020)

GSMA Connected Women: the mobile gender gap report 2020 - GSMA (2020)

GSMA Intelligence - GSMA

GSMA Mobile Connectivity Index - GSMA (GSMA Mobile Connectivity Index, 2018)
The GSMA Mobile Connectivity Index is a global mobile connectivity and digital economy guide covering 150 countries and 7 sub-regions

GSMA Mobile Connectivity Index - GSMA (GSMA Mobile Connectivity Index, 2020)
The GSMA Mobile Connectivity Index is a global mobile connectivity and digital economy guide covering 150 countries and 7 sub-regions

GSMA Mobile Connectivity Index | Sierra Leone - GSMA (2018)
The GSMA Mobile Connectivity Index is a global mobile connectivity and digital economy guide covering 150 countries and 7 sub-regions

Mobile Internet Connectivity 2019: Sub-Saharan Africa Factsheet - GSMA

Mobile internet connectivity 2020: sub-Saharan Africa factsheet - GSMA (2020)

Pakistan: progressing towards a fully fledged digital economy - GSMA (2020)

¿Qué debe incluir la política pública del próximo presidente para integrar completamente a El Salvador a la economía digital? - GSMA (2018)

Reform Policy to Boost Kenya’s Mobile Connectivity Says GSMA - GSMA (2020)
48 Per Cent of the Population of Kenya Remains Unconnected to Mobile Networks   Nairobi: Kenya is making excellent progress to achieve its target of universal broadband coverage by 2030 and there is an opportunity for the government to accelerate the country’s digital transformation with more supportive policies. This was the key finding of a […]

Facilitating innovation with technology: Key actors in educational ecosystems - Gu, Xiaoqing; Crook, Charles; Spector, Mike (British Journal of Educational Technology, 2019)

Teacher Motivation: Theoretical Framework, Situation Analysis of Save the Children Country Offices, and Recommended Strategies - Guajardo, Jarret (Save the Children, 2011)

Assessing academic motivation among elementary school children: the Elementary School Motivation Scale (ESMS) - Guay, Frederic; Marsh, Herbert W.; Dowson, Martin; Larose, Simon (Australian Association for Research in Education Annual Conference, 2005)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

When does ICT support education in South Africa? The importance of teachers' capabilities and the relevance of language - Gudmundsdottir, G. B. (Information Technology for Development, 2010)
The aim of this paper is to highlight some of the challenges of information and communication technology (ICT) integration in a South African classroom setting. The main focus is on the concept of a digital divide, and how cultural complexity with special emphasis on language can affect the divide in schools that already have material access to ICT. The study is based on fieldwork in seventh-grade classes in four primary schools in Cape Town, South Africa. The learners answered a questionnaire regarding their ICT use and skills, and interviews were conducted with learners, teachers, and principals. In conclusion, it is argued that the challenges of language in South African schools can exacerbate or maintain the digital divide among learners who are already disadvantaged due to a range of social inequalities. For learners to fully master the use of ICT in today's global knowledge society, it needs to be put in a local context, which includes use in a familiar language. Moreover, it is suggested that greater opportunities for teacher training are needed in order to enhance culturally sensitive and appropriate ICT integration based on local needs and capacity.
Keywords: ICT integration; digital divide; disadvantaged learners; language of teaching and learning; teacher training

“We Always Make It Work”: Teachers’ agency in the time of crisis - Gudmundsdottir, Greta Björk; Hathoway, Dawn; Hathaway, Dawn M (Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 2020)
As of mid-April 2020, 1.5 billion learners were affected by school closures across 191 countries due to the COVID-19 pandemic (UNESCO, 2020). During the weeks of school closures, teachers were expected to become online teach- ers overnight. As teacher educators, we were curious about teachers’ readiness for online practice. In the Teachers’ Read- iness Online (TRIO) survey (Gudmundsdottir & Hathaway, 2020), distributed internationally, we collected perspectives from 1186 teachers about their experiences related to online teaching in the early weeks of COVID-19 school closures. In this paper, we present preliminary data from Norwegian and US teachers related to previous experiences with online teaching and elaborations on readiness. We examined data for evidence of pedagogical, ethical, attitudinal, and technical (PEAT) dimensions (Dicte, 2019) to determine how teachers’ agency was activated in the times of the COVID-19 pandem- ic. Findings highlight that despite teachers’ inexperience and unpreparedness for online teaching, they were moderately prepared to use various digital tools and willing to make on- line learning work for them and their students.
Keywords: Communicable Diseases; Computer Assisted Instruction; Crisis Management; Disease Control; Educational Technology; Elementary School Teachers; Foreign Countries; Online Courses; Professional Autonomy; Public Health; Readiness; Secondary School Teachers; Teacher Attitudes; Teacher Empowerment; Teaching Experience; Teaching Methods; ⛔ No DOI found

Digital transformation in the time of COVID-19: The case of MENA - Guermazi, Boutheina (2020)
In the MENA region, the demand for broadband services and data has increased significantly during the pandemic.

What works to improve teacher attendance in developing countries? A systematic review - Guerrero, Gabriela; Leon, Juan; Zapata, Mayli; Sugimaru, Claudia; Cueto, Santiago (EPPI: Centre, Social Science Research Unit, Institute of Education, University of London., 2012)
Previous studies have found national averages of teacher absenteeism in developing countries that range from 3 percent to 27 percent. However, within countries absenteeism is larger in poorer, more isolated schools, contributing to unequal educational opportunities. The purpose of this paper is to report on a systematic review of research on the effectiveness of interventions aimed at increasing teacher attendance in developing countries, as measured by the rate of teacher attendance. Whenever data are available we also estimate the impact of these programmes on student achievement.
Keywords: potential solutions; ⛔ No DOI found

Indonesia's Quiet Springtime: Knowledge, Policy and Reform - Guggenheim, Scott (Indonesia Rising: The Repositioning of Asia's Third Giant, 2012)
There are reasons for thinking that this is at last Indonesia's moment on the world stage. Having successfully negotiated its difficult transition to...

Reimagining Girls' Education: Solutions to Keep Girls Learning in Emergencies - Guglielmi, Silvia; Jones, Nicola; Nicolai, Susan; Pereznieto, Paola; Plank, Georgia; Vu, Nhung; Sanchez-Tapia, Ingrid; Mackintosh, Alasdair (UNICEF, 2021)

A Study of the Application of Information Technology in Distance Education in Pakistan - Gujjar, Aijaz Ahmed; Ahmed, Saira Ijaz; Ramzan, Muhammad (Journal of Educational Technology, 2011)
Education plays a vital role to develop the nation culturally, economically and socially. That is why every nation focuses on this sector. For its improvement all endeavors are being made through formal education, Non-formal education and Distance Education. The trend of distance education has developed considerably in developed countries and developing countries. Information technology plays a pivotal role for the development of Distance Education. Keeping in view the importance of I.T. in education, this study was developed. The main aim of this study was to investigate the use of information technology in distance education in Pakistan. Population comprised of the I.T. users, person helping, operating or supervising the I.T. tools as planners, academicians, designers, programmers, producers, operators, regional directors and Deans of AIOU. Questionnaire on five point Likert scale was prepared. Collected data was tabulated and analyzed. The main conclusions of the study are: The use of information technology is still limited. Computer net work was not used for distance learners, Radio, T.V. programs and relevant audio material, videocassettes were prepared and CDs, software still not in use. University library was not computerized. Staff got training from time to time in I.T. Education in their specialization. But there is need to make I.T. system more sophisticated according to new trends and students' needs. There is also need to develop regional centers, which should serve as resource centers to the facilitation of distance learners.
Keywords: Access to Information; Data Analysis; Data Collection; Distance Education; Electronic Libraries; Foreign Countries; Information Technology; Likert Scales; Nonformal Education; Open Universities; Questionnaires; Radio; Scores; Statistical Analysis; Student Needs; Technology Uses in Education; Television; Trend Analysis; Use Studies

Technology-Enhanced Learning in Developing Nations: A review - Gulati, Shalni (The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 2008)

The Views of University Students About the Achievements and Motivations of the Distance Education Process During the Pandemic Period - Güldal Kan, Şebnem; Çaltıkuşu, Çilem; Şensoy, Şeniz (Propósitos y Representaciones, 2021)
The aim of this study is to examine the views of students about the achievements and motivations of thedistance education processes in universities during the pandemic period. The working group consists of 68 prospective teachers who continue their undergraduate programs in different departments of a private university in Northern Cyprus in the 2019-2020 spring academic year. All these participantsarestudying at thevariousdepartments of theFaculty of Education as 17 are in Pre-school Education, 28 in PrimaryEducationMathematics, 6 in PrimaryEducation, 1 in HistoryTeaching, 12 in Special Needs Education, 4 of them arestudying in Guidance and Psychological Counseling. The study is a qualitative study and the design of the study is determined as a case study. 42 female and 26 male teacher candidates participated in the study group. The majority of the participants are prospective teachers studying in their final year at university. While choosing the participants, easily accessible case sampling from purposeful sampling type was used. A Semi-structured interview form was used as a toolfordata collection. Later, the opinions of the experts were obtained and the interview questions were re-arranged accordingly and applied to the participants. As a result of the research, it was concluded that the psychological trauma experienced by teacher candidates during distance education at thepandemicperiodaffects both the success and motivation of their lessons.

End education crisis in Northern Kenya - The Standard - Guleid, Mohamed (2021)

Turkish pre-service teachers' reflective practices in teaching English to young learners - Güngör, Muzeyyen Nazli (Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 2016)
The course "Teaching English to Young Learners" is the first stage where pre-service teachers are introduced to a child's world, developmental characteristics, needs, interests as well as teaching and learning techniques for these learners in English language teaching pre-service teacher education programmes in Turkey. This action research study identifies the gap that pre-service teachers experience between the theoretical considerations and realities of teaching, and the problems they face in this course. It provides the opportunity for monitoring and evaluating themselves in a pre-service teacher education programme in Turkey. Hence, this piece of research aims to promote reflective practice at the preservice level in teaching English to young learners through video recorded microteaching sessions, reflective journals, and lesson plans of pre-service teachers. The study reports on the results by highlighting the contribution of these reflective tools to pre-service teachers' professional development, self- and peer- reflections and the preparedness to teach English to young learners. Finally, insights and recommendations concerning teacher educators and pre-service programmes are offered to promote reflective practice and make methodology courses more beneficial before pre-service teachers embark on their practicum experience.
Keywords: Action Research; ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE); Educational Technology; Elementary Education; English (Second Language); Foreign Countries; Higher Education; Journal Writing; Language Teachers; Lesson Plans; Postsecondary Education; Preservice Teacher Education; Preservice Teachers; Qualitative Research; Reflection; Reflective Teaching; Second Language Instruction; Teaching Methods; Turkey; Video Technology; __:import:01; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2096127; __finaldtb

When Mother-tongue Education is not Preferred - Gupta, Anthea Fraser (Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 1997)
In some language situations primary education in the mother tongue may not be desirable. A number of factors may militate against education in the mother tongue: (1) difficulty in determining the mother tongue. This is especially a problem in multilingual settings where children grow up with multiple mother tongues; (2) definition of 'a language'. Mother tongues may be deemed to be the standard variety; and (3) social and ethnic divisiveness of mother tongue education. In multilingual settings the maintenance of social cohesiveness may be of more importance than the benefitof mother-tongue education.Where patterns of language use are linked to social class, mother-tongue education could further diminish access to power structures by underprivileged groups. Ideological issues can be resolved only in the context of the particular social and political situation. There is no general rule that primary education should be in the mother tongue.

Health-related rehabilitation services: assessing the global supply of and need for human resources - Gupta, Neeru; Castillo-Laborde, Carla; Landry, Michel D. (BMC Health Services Research, 2011)
Human resources for rehabilitation are often a neglected component of health services strengthening and health workforce development. This may be partly related to weaknesses in the available research and evidence to inform advocacy and programmatic strategies. The objective of this study was to quantitatively describe the global situation in terms of supply of and need for human resources for health-related rehabilitation services, as a basis for strategy development of the workforce in physical and rehabilitation medicine.
Keywords: Health Workforce; Medical Workforce; Rehabilitation Health; Rehabilitation Personnel; Rehabilitation Service

The Systems Approach in Education - Gupta, Swati; Gupta, Amit (International Journal of Management, 2013)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Parenting in the digital age: Attitudes, controls and limitations regarding children's use of ICT - Gür, Duygu; Türel, Yalın Kılıç (Computers & Education, 2022)
Today, with the development of technology, many possibilities are offered to users; however, these possibilities bring along some risks and threats. It is very important to ensure that users, especially teenagers, can benefit from the possibilities of technology at the highest level by minimizing the existing risks. At this point, the roles, attitudes and behaviors of parents have an important effect. The purpose of this study is to reveal the attitudes, behaviors, controls and limitations of middle school students' parents towards their children's use of information technologies. For this purpose, data were collected from parents through survey and interviews. The participants of the study consisted of 354 parents of 6th and 7th grade students from seven public schools and four private schools. The parents filled out a questionnaire. Also, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 volunteer parents. According to the results, parents ‘attitudes towards their children's ICT use were positive and they especially supported their use of ICT for educational purposes. However, it was revealed that parents were concerned about the possible risks and security threats that their children may encounter in virtual environments, and therefore they take precaution in order to prevent their children from possible risks by informing, controlling and limiting their children. Based on the results, while children benefit from digital opportunities, they need to prevent themselves from digital risks as well through precautions and interventions with the support of school-parent cooperation.
Keywords: Digital parenting; Information and communication technologies (ICT); Limitations; Online risks; Parental control

Does it make a difference? Evaluating professional development - Guskey, Thomas R (Education Leadership, 2002)
Using five critical levels of evaluation, you can improve your school's professional development program. But be sure to start with the desired result—improved student outcomes.
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate; auto_merged; ⛔ No DOI found

Professional Development and Teacher Change - Guskey, Thomas R. (Teachers and Teaching, 2002)
This article describes a model of teacher change originally presented nearly two decades ago (Guskey, 1986) that began my long and warm friendship with Michael Huberman. The model portrays the temporal sequence of events from professional development experiences to enduring change in teachers’ attitudes and perceptions. Research evidence supporting the model is summarized and the conditions under which change might be facilitated are described. The development and presentation of this model initiated a series of professional collaborations between Michael and myself, and led to the development of our co-edited book, Professional Development in Education: new paradigms and practices (Guskey & Huberman, 1995), which was named `Book of the Year’ by the National Staff Development Council in 1996.

Digital Tools for Real-Time Data Collection in Education - Gustafsson-Wright, Emily; Osborne, Sarah; Aggarwal,, Muskan (Brookings Institute, 2022)

A return to boom and bust (in births) • Resolution Foundation - Gustafsson, Maja; Willetts, David (2021)

A revised PIRLS 2011 to 2016 trend for South Africa and the importance of analysing the underlying microdata - Gustafsson, Martin (Working Papers, 2020)
Given South Africa’s weak performance in international testing programmes, there is a strong interest in gauging improvements within these programmes. The finding that South Africa saw no progress between 2011 and 2016 in the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) programme, which tests Grade 4 reading competencies, was inconsistent with considerable progress seen in a couple of other testing programmes. Moreover, an earlier PIRLS average score for Grade 4 from 2006 suggested that the 2011 mean score used to determine the flat 2011 to 2016 flat trend was problematic. The current paper uses the underlying microdata for PIRLS 2011 and 2016, which are publicly available, to examine the trend. It is clear that the 2011 mean score used by the international PIRLS analysts to arrive at the flat trend cannot be correct. It should be considerably lower. It should be noted that the 2011 mean for South Africa involved an unusual process. South Africa was the only country for which an original mean on an easier scale, prePIRLS, had to be recalibrated to the main PIRLS scale. This was because South Africa was the only country participating in the easier prePIRLS in 2011 and in some form of PIRLS in 2016. There was clearly something wrong with the 2011 recalibration. In correspondence, the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA), the body that conducts PIRLS globally, acknowledged, in part on the basis of a preliminary version of the current paper, that the originally published 2011 to 2016 South Africa trend should now not be considered reliable. They also confirmed that the classical score gains for South Africa reflected in the paper are correct. The method used in the paper is essentially to examine classical score gains between 2011 and 2016 with respect to common items, and then to recalibrate that to the main PIRLS scale. As an additional verification, the paper checks that gains remain after one controls for socio-economic status. The paper concludes that South Africa in fact saw a large gain between 2011 and 2016, equal to around 0.05 standard deviations a year. This is a fast rate of improvement by international standards. Of the 43 countries with 2011 to 2016 trends in PIRLS, South Africa displayed the third-steepest improvement, after Morocco and Oman.
Keywords: PIRLS; South Africa; international testing systems; reading

FOUNDATIONS OF CLASSROOM CHANGE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Vol.2: Synthesis - Guthrie, Gerard (2021)

Determinants of ICT Usage among Low-Income Groups in Colombia, Mexico, and Peru - Gutiérrez, Luis H.; Gamboa, Luis F. (The Information Society, 2010)
The authors examine the determinants of information and communications technology (ICT) usage among low-income people in three developing countries: Colombia, Mexico, and Peru. Using two composite indicators, they focus on cross-country differences and similarities in ICT usage across gender, age, education, and income levels. The authors’ analysis indicates that the single most important factor limiting the digitalization of low-income people in all three countries was lack of education. The impact of income itself was low although positive. Their ﬁndings also suggest that comprehensive measures that mix standard ICTs with very advanced ones can be misleading.

Always connected: the new digital media habits of young children - Gutnick, A.; Robb, Michael; Takeuchi, Lori; Kotler, Jennifer (The Joan Ganz Cooney Center at Sesame Workshop, 2010)

Gauging the E-Readiness for the Integration of Information and Communication Technology Into Pre-Tertiary Education in Ghana: An Assessment of Teachers' Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) - Gyaase, Patrick Ohemeng; Gyamfi, Samuel Adu; Kuranchie, Alfred (International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education (IJICTE), 2019)
Countries are investing in information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure and educating their citizens for effective ICT utilization. The attainment of the anticipated benefits hinges on effective integration of ICT in various levels of education. Effective integration of ICT requires...

Informal tools in formal context: Adoption of web 2.0 technologies among geography student teachers in Ghana - Gyamfi, Stephen Adu (International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology, 2017)
Despite the popularity of Web 2.0 technologies and their educational benefits in the 21st century classroom environment, their use for teaching and learning purposes is still very limited. This study extended the technology acceptance model (TAM) to empirically examine factors that determine Ghanaian geography student teachers' acceptance of Web 2.0 technologies for pedagogical purpose. A self-reported questionnaire administered to 300 student teachers in two universities in Ghana out of which 254 responded. The results from the stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that technological complexity, perceived usefulness and attitude towards use had a significant direct effect on intention to use Web 2.0 technologies. However, social influence which is an exogenous factor had the strongest influence on the student teachers' intention to use the Web 2.0 technologies than the two key original TAM constructs. Contrary to the original technology acceptance model, statistically, perceived ease of use had no significant influence on perceived usefulness. The findings are intended to provide insights to policy makers about how to design preservice teacher education programmes that address the demands of teaching and learning with Web 2.0 technologies in Ghana in particular and developing world context in general.
Keywords: Computers; Education; Learning; Social networks; Student teachers; Teaching; Wikis; ⛔ No DOI found

Pre-service teachers' attitude towards information and communication technology usage: A Ghanaian survey - Gyamfi, Stephen Adu (International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology, 2017)
This study employed the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to empirically investigate factors that influence Ghanaian pre-service teachers' attitudes towards Information and Communication Technology (ICT) usage. To achieve this aim, the study extended the TAM framework by adding leadership support and job relevance as exogenous variables. Data were randomly collected from 380 pre-service teachers studying a 3-year Diploma in Education programme in Ghana. Based on a multiple stepwise regression analysis, the findings suggested the following: (1) leadership support significantly influenced perceived ease of use; (2) job relevance significantly influenced perceived usefulness; (3) perceived usefulness significantly influenced attitude towards use; (4) perceived ease of use significantly influenced attitude towards use (5) the TAM is significant for pre-service teacher education context except the relationship between perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. The study contributed to the literature by validating the TAM in the pre-service teacher education context in Ghana. It also provided several implications for the research and practice of ICT adoption in the developing world context.
Keywords: Attitudes; Computers; Education; Educational technology; Student teachers; Studies; Teaching; ⛔ No DOI found

Need for optical intervention in children attending a school for the blind in Eritrea - Gyawali, R; Moodley, V R (Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2018)
Purpose To identify the need for optical intervention including spectacles and low vision devices (LVDs) in children attending the only school for the blind in Eritrea. Methods A total of 92 children were examined using the World Health Organization Prevention of Blindness program form for the recording of children with blindness and vision impairment. Examination included distance and near visual acuity (VA), refraction, trial of LVDs and evaluation of anterior and posterior segments. All the children who showed at least one line improvement in distance or near VA with refractive correction and/or LVDs were provided with these devices. Results Six children had distance VA of ≥6/18 (no vision impairment, NVI) at presentation and were excluded from analysis. For the remaining 86 children, male to female ratio was 1.2:1.0 with a mean age of 11.8 ± 2.8 years (range: 6–17 years). At presentation, 47 (54.7 per cent) children were blind (VA <3/60) and 24 (27.9 per cent) were severely visually impaired (VA <6/60–3/60), which reduced to 42 (48.9 per cent) and seven (8.1 per cent) children after refraction, respectively. A further 5.8 per cent (five children) achieved NVI with refractive correction. Using distance LVDs, 26 (30.2 per cent) and 16 (18.6 per cent) children had NVI and moderate vision impairment (VA <6/18–6/60), respectively. In terms of near vision, eight (9.3 per cent) children had near VA better than 1.00 M at presentation, which improved to 11 (12.8 per cent) with refractive correction and 19 (22.1 per cent) with near LVDs. A total of 29 spectacles and 42 LVDs were provided. Conclusion A significant number of children at the school for the blind benefited from refractive correction and LVDs. With such optical intervention, many of these children could study at mainstream schools with print media. A system including comprehensive vision examinations before admission to the school, refractive services and low vision rehabilitation is required to ensure that children with adequate residual vision do not have to be limited to learning in Braille media.
Keywords: childhood vision impairment; low vision; low vision devices; schools for the blind

Increasing children's knowledge of pattern detection and skip counting using a tablet-based math activity - Ha, Cheyeon; Hou, Xinying; Nguyen, Anh Huy; Uchidiuno, Judith Odili (2020)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

The role of government and NGOs in slum development: the case of Dhaka City - Habib, Enamul (Development in Practice, 2009)
This article addresses the situation of slums in Dhaka City in relation to government and NGO mechanisms and priorities for slum development and upgrading. It concludes with specific suggestions for better slum management in the Bangladesh capital.

Building an online community: student teachers' perceptions on the advantages of using social networking services in a teacher education program - Habibi, Akhmad; Mukinin, Amirul; Riyanto, Yatim; Prasohjo, Lantip Diat; Sulistiyo, Urip; Sofwan, Muhammad; Saudagar, Ferdiaz (Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 2018)
This inquiry examined student teachers' perceptions on the advantages of using Social Networking Services (SNS) in an English teacher education program at a public university in Jambi, Indonesia to ease the communication, supervision, discussion, and report submissions between supervisors and student teachers. The networking types included in the program are Whatsapp, Telegram, Email, and Google Form. The method of the research was qualitative through using focus group discussions as the technique of collecting data involving forty-two student teachers. We organized our analysis and discussion around their perceptions and the contexts in which the advantages they perceived emerge. The analyses of the texts revealed that two salient themes with their sub-themes related to the advantages of using Social Networking Services (SNS) in a teacher education program were social interaction (peer discussion and platform to interact with supervisors or lecturers) and learning motivation and experience supports (self-directed learning, promotes critical thinking, content engagement). Some pedagogical and social implications are also discussed.
Keywords: Case Studies; College Students; Computer Mediated Communication; Critical Thinking; Data Analysis; ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE); Educational Benefits; Focus Groups; Foreign Countries; Group Discussion; Higher Education; Independent Study; Indonesia; Interpersonal Communication; Learner Engagement; Learning Motivation; Practicums; Preservice Teacher Education; Qualitative Research; Social Networks; Student Teacher Attitudes; Teacher Education Programs; __:import:01; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2097353; __finaldtb

Building an online community: student teachers' perceptions on the advantages of using social networking services in a teacher education program - Habibi, Akhmad; Mukinin, Amirul; Riyanto, Yatim; Prasohjo, Lantip Diat; Sulistiyo, Urip; Sofwan, Muhammad; Saudagar, Ferdiaz (Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 2018)
This inquiry examined student teachers' perceptions on the advantages of using Social Networking Services (SNS) in an English teacher education program at a public university in Jambi, Indonesia to ease the communication, supervision, discussion, and report submissions between supervisors and student teachers. The networking types included in the program are Whatsapp, Telegram, Email, and Google Form. The method of the research was qualitative through using focus group discussions as the technique of collecting data involving forty-two student teachers. We organized our analysis and discussion around their perceptions and the contexts in which the advantages they perceived emerge. The analyses of the texts revealed that two salient themes with their sub-themes related to the advantages of using Social Networking Services (SNS) in a teacher education program were social interaction (peer discussion and platform to interact with supervisors or lecturers) and learning motivation and experience supports (self-directed learning, promotes critical thinking, content engagement). Some pedagogical and social implications are also discussed.
Keywords: Case Studies; College Students; Computer Mediated Communication; Critical Thinking; Data Analysis; ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE); Educational Benefits; Focus Groups; Foreign Countries; Group Discussion; Higher Education; Independent Study; Indonesia; Interpersonal Communication; Learner Engagement; Learning Motivation; Practicums; Preservice Teacher Education; Qualitative Research; Social Networks; Student Teacher Attitudes; Teacher Education Programs; __:import:01; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2097353; __finaldtb

Developing collaborations and technology for evidence synthesis - Haddaway, Martin Westgate & Neal (Evidence Synthesis Hackathon)
An event series to develop open software for evidence synthesis
Keywords: _Added-ailr-2024

‘Knowledge Must Be Contextual’: Some possible implications of complexity and dynamic systems theories for educational research - Haggis, Tamsin (Educational philosophy and theory, 2008)

Data Access and Protection Laws in Pakistan: A technical review - Halim, Waqas; Upadhyay, Arjun; Coflan, Caitlin (EdTech Hub, 2022)
The advancement of technologies has supported an exponential rise in the collection and use of data. Data, when used appropriately, can support better decision-making and inform innovation. Data has value to entrepreneurs and innovators who seek to design products that respond to user needs. However, the widespread collection and use of data have also spawned concerns about individual rights and data privacy. Issues related to collection, usage, dissemination, and access to data have also come to the forefront. To address these concerns, many countries across the globe have introduced data protection laws. This policy brief identifies and analyses global best practices in data protection and data access. It is developed in response to an inquiry related to data and research in the education sector, specifically in Pakistan. The brief explores the potential practical challenges in the enforcement and implementation of global good practices in the context of the data protection environment in Pakistan; it proposes a set of key recommendations for the Government of Pakistan, provincial governments, development partners, and other education-related ministries and public departments. Keywords: Data protection (laws), good practices, data access, privacy rights, children's data, sensitive data, data-driven policy, data integration, third-party data sharing, open data, data security, data governance, encryption An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Keywords: _r:AddedByZotZen

Engaging in and engaging with research: teacher inquiry and development - Hall, Elaine (Teachers and Teaching, 2009)

Addressing quality through school fees and school funding - Hall, Katharine; Giese, Sonja (2009)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Education in precarious times: A comparative study across six countries to identify design priorities for mobile learning in a pandemic - Hall, Tony; Connolly, Cornelia; Ó Grádaigh, Seán; Burden, Kevin; Kearney, Matthew; Schuck, Sandy; Bottema, Jeroen; Cazemier, Gerton; Hustinx, Wouter; Evens, Marie; Koenraad, Ton; Makridou, Eria; et al. (Information and Learning Science, 2020)
Purpose: This paper is based on the emergency changes we have had to make in the European DEIMP Project (2017-2020), “Designing and Evaluating Innovative Mobile Pedagogies” (DEIMP). DEIMP is undertaken by a transnational consortium comprising partner institutions and schools from the UK (coordinating), Australia, Belgium, Cyprus, Ireland and The Netherlands. As well as the enforced changes to the project, there have been major adjustments in how education is being provided in each of our countries, across all sectors: primary, secondary and tertiary. The purpose of this paper is to provide pragmatic guidelines that will help us respond effectively in the uncertain present, and plan systematically for an unpredictable, post-pandemic future. Design/methodology/approach: The authors outline 21 design principles underpinning innovative mobile learning, which will be of pragmatic use to all using mobile learning in the COVID-19 pandemic. These principles have emerged in the context of the three-year European DEIMP Project (2017-2020). The authors also examine major educational changes that have recently been imposed upon teachers and educational researchers, and key aspects of the current emergency response in education internationally, and resultant implications for educational technology and mobile learning. Findings: A living record highlighting what is currently happening in the educational systems of the DEIMP project’s respective partner countries. The paper outlines design concerns and issues, which will need to be addressed as the authors endeavour to bridge both the digital divide and digital use divide in remote education. Furthermore, the paper illustrates 21 pragmatic design principles underpinning innovative mobile pedagogies. Originality/value: A comparative study of the effects of the pandemic across six countries, including The UK, Australia, Belgium, Cyprus, Ireland and The Netherlands. The authors outline 21 design principles for mobile learning, which is hoped will help us respond effectively in the uncertain present, and plan systematically for an unpredictable, post-pandemic future.
Keywords: COVID-19; Comparative; Education; Learning; Mobile; Remote; Study

Evidence on efforts to mitigate the negative educational impact of past disease outbreaks - Hallgarten, Joe (K4D Helpdesk Report, 2020)
This rapid review focusses on efforts to mitigate the educational impact of previous disease outbreaks, concentrating on school-age learners. It follows two companion papers that reviewed broader secondary effects and attempts to mitigate them (Rohwerder, 2020; Kelly, 2020). It aims to inform the education sector’s responses to the COVID-19 crisis, although there are important differences between previous disease outbreaks and the COVID-19 situation. For instance, unlike Ebola, transmission of COVID-19 is asymptomatic, and the outbreak is global. This review finds a limited range of quantitative evidence on the educational impact of disease outbreaks, and minimal evidence on mitigation measures or their impact. Although several ‘lessons learned’ documents include guidelines and recommendations (and now complemented by many education-focused COVID-responsive blogs), this review finds that these are rarely based on evidence of impact of particular interventions, or on evidence of the impact of different approaches to action, co-ordinations, funding or prioritisation. The review found four particular evidence gaps: First, how distance learning materials can support learners who do not have access to family members with the skills or time to help them. Second, a gap in the use of screen or internet-enabled technologies to support alternative education. Third (and related), a gap in remote teacher training and development during school closures. Finally, the review analysed gender and equity issues but did not find any literature that explored disability. The education in emergencies literature has an emerging evidence base across all four themes within refugee education contexts, but has not yet learnt from or applied this evidence to disease outbreak situations.
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate; ⛔ No DOI found

What can be learnt from China’s recent experiences with Covid-19 and school closures that can inform other countries’ education technology-enabled responses? - Hallgarten, Joe; Fitzpatrick, Rachael (Education Development Trust, 2020)

Overview of emerging country-level response to providing educational continuity under COVID-19 - Hallgarten, Joe; Gorgen, Kristine; Sims, Kate (Education Development Trust, 2020)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Personalization in practice: observations from the field - Halverson, Rich; Barnicle, Al; Hackett, Sarah; Rawat, Tanushree; Rutledge, Julia; Kallio, Julie; Mould, Curt; Mertes, Janice (Wisconsin Center for Education Research, 2015)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Jordan Response Plan for the Syria Crisis 2020-2022 - Hamarneh, Maisa (UNHCR, 2020)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Participatory design of DIY digital assistive technology in Western Kenya | Proceedings of the Second African Conference for Human Computer Interaction: Thriving Communities - Hamidi, Foad; Mbullo, Patrick; Hynie, Michaela; McGrath, Susan; Baljko, Melanie

The Substitution Augmentation Modification Redefinition (SAMR) Model: a Critical Review and Suggestions for its Use - Hamilton, Erica; Rosenberg, Joshua; Akcaoglu, Mete (TechTrends, 2016)
The Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, and Redefinition (SAMR) model is a four-level, taxonomy-based approach for selecting, using, and evaluating technology in K-12 settings (Puentedura 2006). Despite its increasing popularity among practitioners, the SAMR model is not currently represented in the extant literature. To focus the ongoing conversation regarding K-12 educators’ understanding and implementation of technology, we provide a critical review of the SAMR model using theory and prior research. We focus on the absence of context, its hierarchical structure, and the emphasis placed on product over process and conclude with suggestions to guide educators’ and researchers’ technology integration efforts.

Information and communication technology in early childhood education: challenges for effective implementation and integration - Hammed, N. M. A. (2014)

What is an ecological approach and how can it assist in understanding ICT take-up? - Hammond, Michael (British Journal of Educational Technology, 2019)
This paper argues that ecological frameworks offer a powerful way of explaining the take-up of information and communication technology (ICT) in schools. Past research has focused on teachers and their willingness and readiness to use ICT but this has not satisfactorily explained the use (or non-use) of ICT. Gaps in this research can be addressed by an ecological approach which shifts attention from the teacher to the context in which ICT is expected to be used. Such an approach, following Bronfenbrenner and others, looks at the relationship of individuals to the system in which they act, a relationship which is seen as interdependent. An ecological perspective explains how take-up of ICT is influenced by the degree to which different levels of a system, eg, micro, meso, exo and macro levels, are aligned. It is recommended that researchers and policy makers should pay greater attention to context when advocating the use of ICT.

Flipped Classroom in Teacher Education: A Scoping Review - Han, Han; Røkenes, Fredrik Mørk (Frontiers in Education, 2020)
Although flipped classroom (FC) has been popular in education since the 2000s, there is a lack of reviews on how the teaching approach has been applied and what has been gained in the field of teacher education. Most reviews focus either on implementation and learning outcomes with students in higher education and disciplines other than education or on the latter approaches with primary and secondary school pupils. This article presents a scoping literature review of 33 studies published between 2014 until 2019 on flipped classroom (FC) in teacher education. Our analysis points out that studies were mainly conducted in the United States, with an increased implementation in European and Asian countries, and with adoption primarily in the disciplines pedagogy, science, and language arts. Moreover, a majority of studies employed mixed methods with surveys being the most commonly used instrument to collect data. Two main foci were identified across the reviewed studies: student perceptions and academic performance. The analysis of the former revealed six outcomes (1. Attitude, motivation, and emotion; 2. Content delivery; 3. Learning environment; 4. Learning experience; 5. Instructor and student presence; 6. Engagement). Based on our synthesis, we discuss current trends and future development in the research field, FC's pedagogical value added in teacher education, and potential knowledge gaps in the research literature.

“How Dare They Peep into My Private Life?” - Han, Hye Jung (Human Rights Watch, 2022)
The 99-page report, “’How Dare They Peep into My Private Life?’: Children’s Rights Violations by Governments that Endorsed Online Learning during the Covid-19 Pandemic,” is grounded in technical and policy analysis conducted by Human Rights Watch on 165 education technology (EdTech) products endorsed by 49 countries. It includes an examination of 294 companies found to have collected, processed, or received children’s data since March 2021, and calls on governments to adopt modern child data protection laws to protect children online.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

How Chimple Encouraged Increase in Adoption and Engagement - Handa, Rhea (2022)
Chimple is now embarking on a journey of rigorous evaluation via a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of its teacher-led, at-home learning model in India, so that it is better prepared to be scaled up. There is an urgent need to build evidence on technology-based home-learning solutions, particularly in low-income contexts, so that we can understand what works, how it works, and whether it works at scale.

Harnessing the Potential of ICTs: Literacy and Numeracy Programmes Using Radio, TV, Mobile Phones, Tablets and Computers - Hanemann, Ulrike; Scarpino, Cassandra (UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning, 2016)
The UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning (UIL) has published a second edition of "Harnessing the Potential of ICTs: Literacy and Numeracy Programmes Using Radio, TV, Mobile Phones, Tablets and Computers." This compilation of case studies from all world regions presents promising literacy and numeracy programmes that use information and communication technologies (ICTs) in their access and outreach strategies. The twenty-six case studies illustrate how ICTs such as radio, TV, mobile phones, tablets and computers can be used as media of instruction, can supplement face-to-face teaching, and can help to develop and strengthen youth and adult literacy, language and numeracy skills. The case studies featured in this publication can also be found in the UNESCO Effective Literacy and Numeracy Practices Database (LitBase). [For the 1st Edition: "Harnessing the Potential of ICTs for Literacy Teaching and Learning: Effective Literacy and Numeracy Programmes Using Radio, TV, Mobile Phones, Tablets, and Computers," see ED560504.]
Keywords: Adult Literacy; Case Studies; Distance Education; Educational Technology; Foreign Countries; Handheld Devices; Instructional Materials; Literacy Education; Mathematics Education; Numeracy; Program Content; Program Effectiveness; Radio; Teaching Methods; Technology Integration; Technology Uses in Education; Telecommunications; Television; Videoconferencing

An Intersectionality-Based Policy Analysis Framework - Hankivsky, Olena (2012)
Keywords: _C:Australia AUS; _C:Canada CAN; _C:Denmark DNK; _C:Ethiopia ETH; _C:Finland FIN; _C:France FRA; _C:Germany DEU; _C:India IND; _C:Ireland IRL; _C:Japan JPN; _C:Mexico MEX; _C:New Zealand NZL; _C:Norway NOR; _C:South Africa ZAF; _C:Sweden SWE; _C:Switzerland CHE; _C:United Kingdom GBR; _C:United States USA; __C:scheme:1

An intersectionality-based policy analysis framework: critical reflections on a methodology for advancing equity - Hankivsky, Olena; Grace, Daniel; Hunting, Gemma; Giesbrecht, Melissa; Fridkin, Alycia; Rudrum, Sarah; Ferlatte, Olivier; Clark, Natalie (International Journal for Equity in Health, 2014)
In the field of health, numerous frameworks have emerged that advance understandings of the differential impacts of health policies to produce inclusive and socially just health outcomes. In this paper, we present the development of an important contribution to these efforts – an Intersectionality-Based Policy Analysis (IBPA) Framework.
Keywords: Equity; Health; Intersectionality; Policy analysis; Reflexivity; _C:Australia AUS; _C:Canada CAN; _C:Finland FIN; _C:India IND; _C:New Zealand NZL; _C:United Kingdom GBR; _C:United States USA; __C:scheme:1

Beyond sex and gender analysis: an intersectional view of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak and response - Hankivsky, Olena; Kapilashrami, Anuj (2020)

E-Learning as Part of Disaster Recovery Planning - Hanssen, Graeme M.; Rana, Tohid Ahmed (International Educational Technology (IETC) Conference (7th, Nicosia, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, May 3-5, 2007, 2007)
The world has recently witnessed large natural disasters with the Asian tsunami, the Pakistan earthquake, etc, which has resulted in loss of life measured in hundreds of thousands. One or two years later surveys of reconstruction work have revealed less than 25% of schools have been re-established, implicating long term economic and social consequences. Disaster Recovery planning could include rapid deployment of E-learning systems adapted to disaster zones, even with an apparent lack of broadband telecommunications infrastructure. This paper proposes technically innovative solutions to the rapid re-starting of education in disaster-struck communities by introducing the concept of a mobile E-school. Planning for Disaster Recovery could include the solutions proposed herein, as it is also possible to imagine in this Globalization World that budgets of wealthier nations encompassing these concepts. (Contains 1 figure.)
Keywords: Computer Uses in Education; Distance Education; Educational Technology; Emergency Programs; Foreign Countries; Global Approach; Natural Disasters; Online Courses; Telecommunications; Virtual Classrooms

The Teachers’ Portal as a tool for teachers’ professional development in Bangladesh: Facilitating nationwide networking and digital multimedia content for 40,000 schools - Hansson, H; Sultana, S; Sarwar, A; Ahmed, F; Uddin, R; Saha, P; Islam, G; Islam, M (International Journal of Education and Development using ICT, 2018)
The Teachers’ Portal (teachers.gov.bd) is an online platform for Bangladeshi teachers designed to store and retrieve digital educational contents of different subjects useful for classroom teaching and students’ learning. The portal also facilitates professional networking among teachers across the country. This study aims to find out the benefits of using this Portal and associated challenges from teachers’ perspective. Following a mixed methods research approach Teachers, head teachers, teacher educators from primary, secondary, madrasa and vocational educational institutions and specialists on teachers’ Portal (N=410) were interviewed and consulted for the study. Telephone interviews, online surveys, Key Informant Interviews (KII), Focused Group Discussions (FGD), Face-to-Face interviews, and large consultative workshops were used to collect data. The results suggest that teachers are motivated to use the Portal as its contents stimulate students’ creativity and encourage students’ active participation in classrooms learning. Besides, it empowers teachers in a number of ways. However, internet connectivity, slow Internet speed, power failure, technical issues, high cost of Internet and unavailability of equipment are found as major challenges. In short, the Teachers’ Portal is a key driver for changing Bangladeshi education and preparing the young generation with quality education.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

The economic impacts of learning losses - Hanushek, Eric A; Woessmann, Ludger (OECD, 2020)

The economic impacts of learning losses - Hanushek, Eric A.; Woessmann, Ludger (OECD, 2020)
The worldwide school closures in early 2020 led to losses in learning that will not easily be made up for even if schools quickly return to their prior performance levels. These losses will have lasting economic impacts both on the affected students and on each nation unless they are effectively remediated. While the precise learning losses are not yet known, existing research suggests that the students in grades 1-12 affected by the closures might expect some 3 percent lower income over their entire lifetimes. For nations, the lower long-term growth related to such losses might yield an average of 1.5 percent lower annual GDP for the remainder of the century. These economic losses would grow if schools are unable to re-start quickly. The economic losses will be more deeply felt by disadvantaged students. All indications are that students whose families are less able to support out-of-school learning will face larger learning losses than their more advantaged peers, which in turn will translate into deeper losses of lifetime earnings. The present value of the economic losses to nations reach huge proportions. Just returning schools to where they were in 2019 will not avoid such losses. Only making them better can. While a variety of approaches might be attempted, existing research indicates that close attention to the modified re-opening of schools offers strategies that could ameliorate the losses. Specifically, with the expected increase in video-based instruction, matching the skills of the teaching force to the new range of tasks and activities could quickly move schools to heightened performance. Additionally, because the prior disruptions are likely to increase the variations in learning levels within individual classrooms, pivoting to more individualised instruction could leave all students better off as schools resume. As schools move to re-establish their programmes even as the pandemic continues, it is natural to focus considerable attention on the mechanics and logistics of safe re-opening. But the long-term economic impacts also require serious attention, because the losses already suffered demand more than the best of currently considered re-opening approaches.

The Distribution of Teacher Quality and Implications for Policy - Hanushek, Eric; Rivkin, Steven (Annual Review of Economics, 2011)
It has become commonplace to measure teacher quality in terms of teacher value-added. Operationally, this means evaluating teachers according to the learning gains of students on various achievement tests. Existing research consistently shows large variations in teacher effectiveness, much of which is within schools as opposed to between schools. The policy implications of these variations are dramatic. But the underlying statistical modeling has become the subject of intense research, in part because of this direct use of value-added measures in policy discussions.

A Study on Implementation of `ICT in Education Training’ in Government Primary Schools - Haque, Z; Sarker, D; Rahman, Md; Ohiduzzaman, K; Ahammed, S; Islam, Md; Hasan, M (2017)

Changing pedagogical practice in Kenyan primary schools: the impact of school‐based training - Hardman, Frank; Abd‐Kadir, Jan; Agg, Catherine; Migwi, James; Ndambuku, Jacinta; Smith, Fay (Comparative Education, 2009)
Keywords: C:Kenya

Developing a systemic approach to teacher education in sub-Saharan Africa: emerging lessons from Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda - Hardman, Frank; Ackers, Jim; Abrishamian, Niki; O’Sullivan, Margo (Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 2011)
While many countries in Eastern and Southern Africa are on track for meeting the Education for All targets, there is a growing recognition of the need to improve the quality of basic education and that a focus on pedagogy and its training implications needs to be at the heart of this commitment. By drawing on three East African countries, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda, which are at different stages of development with regard to the reforming of teacher education, this paper explores the challenges and the lessons learned from each of the countries with regard to the development and strengthening of pre- and in-service training. The tension between quality, breadth and cost-effectiveness is explored together with a broader discussion of key principles to be taken into account when enhancing teacher education in the region as a whole.
Keywords: C:Kenya / Uganda / Tanzania; Education; Education for All; Education reform; Kenya; Pedagogy; Principles; Quality of education; Tanzania; Teacher education; Uganda; ___working_potential_duplicate; basic education; pre-service and in-service training; quality education; sub-Saharan Africa; teacher education reform

Implementing school-based teacher development in Tanzania - Hardman, Frank; Hardman, Jan; Dachi, Hillary; Elliott, Louise; Ihebuzor, Noel; Ntekim, Maniza; Tibuhinda, Audax (Professional Development in Education, 2015)
This paper reports on the findings of a pilot school-based professional development programme for Tanzanian primary school teachers launched in February 2011 and evaluated in December 2012 by the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training with the support of UNICEF. The study set out to investigate the effectiveness and efficiency of the pilot programme in changing pedagogical practices before it was scaled up nationally. It was found that teachers who had participated in the school-based training showed significant differences in their pedagogical practices and demonstrated a positive attitude towards their training and their pupils, and saw teaching and learning as an interactive, communicative process. Drawing on the findings, the paper explores the challenges and the lessons learned for scaling up school-based teacher development at the national level in Tanzania and other countries in the east and southern African region.
Keywords: Tanzania; __C:filed:1; capacity development; primary education; quality education; school-based teacher development; teacher education reform

Survey of ICT in education in Tanzania. In G. Farrell & I. Shafika (Eds.), - Hare, H (InfoDev / World Bank, 2007)

CGD - COVID education policy tracking - Hares, Susannah; Crawfurd, Lee (Google Docs, 2020)
School closure tracker- Global Country,Code,Region,Income Group,School Closures,As of,Date,Number of confirmed cases at time of closure,Planned Reopening,Planned Length of Closure (Weeks),Closure extended?,Planned re-opening 2,Details of closure,Reopening process started (Y/N/School year ended)...

Evaluating system change: A planning guide - Hargreaves, Margaret B. (2010)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Teacher Education in Sub-Saharan Africa: formative evaluation report - Harley, Ken; Barasa, Fred Simiyu (Teacher Education in Sub-Saharan Africa (TESSA), 2012)
Keywords: __:import:01; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2457446; __finaldtb; auto_merged; ⛔ No DOI found

Teacher Education in Sub-Saharan Africa: formative evaluation report - Harley, Ken; Barasa, Fred Simiyu (Teacher Education in Sub-Saharan Africa (TESSA), 2012)
Keywords: __:import:01; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2457446; __finaldtb; ⛔ No DOI found

TESSA Formative Evaluation Report Executive Summary - Harley, Ken; Simiyu Barasa, Fred (Teacher education in sub-Saharan Africa, 2012)

What is approach motivation? - Harmon-Jones, Eddie; Harmon-Jones, Cindy; Price, Tom F. (Emotion Review, 2013)
We discuss some research that has examined approach motivational urges and how this research clarifies the definition of approach motivation. Our research and that of others have raised doubts about the commonly accepted definition of approach motivation, which views it as a positive affective state triggered by positive stimuli. We review evidence that suggests: (a) that approach motivation is occasionally evoked by negative stimuli; (b) that approach motivation may be experienced as a negative state; and (c) that stimuli are unnecessary to evoke approach motivation.
Keywords: anger; approach motivation; emotion; startle eyeblink

GENDER, POWER AND PROGRESS - Harper, Caroline; Marcus, Rachel; George, Rachel; D’Angelo, Sophia; Samman, Emma
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Gender, power and progress: How norms change - Harper, Caroline; Marcus, Rachel; George, Rachel; D'Angelo, Sophia; Samman, Emma (Align Platform, 2020)
This report is about gender norms – the implicit informal rules about appropriate behaviour for people of different genders – that most people accept and follow. It is about the ways in which gender equality, women’s and girls’ rights and the norms that shape the ability to claim those rights, have progressed over time. It examines how gender norms have changed in the 25 years since the UN’s Beijing Platform for Action on women’s rights was set out in 1995, and their role in progress and setbacks to achieving these rights.

Jot-A-Dot Pocket Brailler - Harpo (HARPO, 2020)
The new way to Braille is to Jot a Dot – a portable brailling device for everyone! Why Jot-A-Dot? – Pocket-sized mechanical device – means brailling a note, on paper, anywhere!; Direct six key Braille entry – for fast & accurate Braille; – Read your Braille as you write – simply turn Jot-A-Dot over; – Inbuilt … Read more

How TV white space is helping bridge the digital divide - Harris, Briony (On the Issues, 2019)
How the need for reliable internet in Essex County, New York, led to a business that services the local community.

Educational Technology Standards and Frameworks - Harris, Matt; Ed.D. (The International EdTech Blog with Matt Harris Ed.D., 2018)
An overview of the most common Educational Technology Standards and Frameworks, such as ISTE, UNESCO, iNACOL, P21, SAMR, TPACK, RAT, TIM, PICRAT, SAMMS, 4Shifts

Software tools to support title and abstract screening for systematic reviews in healthcare: an evaluation - Harrison, Hannah; Griffin, Simon J.; Kuhn, Isla; Usher-Smith, Juliet A. (BMC Medical Research Methodology, 2020)
Systematic reviews are vital to the pursuit of evidence-based medicine within healthcare. Screening titles and abstracts (T&Ab) for inclusion in a systematic review is an intensive, and often collaborative, step. The use of appropriate tools is therefore important. In this study, we identified and evaluated the usability of software tools that support T&Ab screening for systematic reviews within healthcare research.
Keywords: Feature analysis; Screening; Software tools; Systematic reviews; Title and abstract; _Added-ailr-2024

Lessons Learned about Remote Learning from Liberia’s Ebola Crisis - Hartenberger-Toby, Lisa (2020)

Risk of bias versus quality assessment of randomised controlled trials: cross sectional study - Hartling, L.; Ospina, M.; Liang, Y. (British Medical Journal, 2009)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Motivation in online education - Hartnett, Maggie (Springer, 2016)

Preservice and Inservice Professional Development During the COVID-19 Pandemic - Hartshorne, Richard; Baumgartner, Emily; Kaplan-rakowski, Regina; Mouza, Chrystalla; Ferdig, Richard (Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 2020)
The global COVID-19 pandemic has changed our lives in countless ways. This has included the move to emergency remote learning for PreK-12 and post-secondary education around the world. While school districts and post-secondary education institutions originally anticipated relatively brief closures, the impact of COVID-19 resulted in extensive periods of emergency remote teaching and learning. Many K-12 school districts and institutions of higher education had to teach online for almost all of the spring semester (2020); they have also added contingency plans for future remote instruction in the summer and for the 2020-2021 academic year. As we move beyond the survival phase of remote teaching and learning, it is critical now to transition to a thriving phase of remote teaching, learning, and teacher education.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

The impact of coaching in South African primary science InSET - Harvey, Stephen (International Journal of Educational Development, 1999)
This article presents evidence from an evaluation conducted by the Primary Science Programme (PSP) in South Africa, concerning the impact of classroom-based coaching on the teaching methods used by primary science teachers. The methods used by teachers provided with both workshops and classroom-based coaching were compared with those used by teachers who received workshops only and a control group who received no InSET at all. The findings showed that teachers who received coaching made substantial changes, whereas most teachers who received workshops-only remained similar to the control group. A social constructivist approach is adopted in interpreting these findings. The implications of this study for designing effective InSET in developing countries are also discussed.
Keywords: Constructivism; In-service training; Leader teachers; Primary science; South Africa; Teacher education

Bunga Rampai Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini - Hasbi, Muhammad; Merysa; Abidin, Zaenal; Oktavianingsih, Eka; Zatalini, Rinia; Mabrur, Hidayatul; Sobiatin, Eka; Rahayu, Dita; Adhitya, Yusuf; Somantri, Cecep; Nurhasanah, Nia (2020)
Publikasi ini merupakan bentuk kerja sama antara Direktorat Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD),Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, Pendidikan Dasar dan Pendidikan Menengah, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan (Kemendikbud) dan para alumni penerima beasiswa Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan (LPDP), baik dari dalam maupun luar negeri. Para kontributor yang terpilih dalam buku ini telah menyelesaikan studi di bidang pendidikan dengan fokus disiplin yang beragam (interdisipliner), dan lulus dengan predikat cumlaude atau distinction pada bidang masing-masing, baik pada jenjang sarjana maupun magister.

Tracing students' mathematics learning loss during school closures in teachers' self-reported practices - Haser, Çiğdem; Doğan, Oğuzhan; Kurt Erhan, Gönül (International Journal of Educational Development, 2022)
The study explored how mathematics learning loss took place among Turkish middle school students during the COVID-19 school closures through mathematics teachers' self-reported practices, challenges, and efforts while they were trying to support their students' learning. Interviews with 19 public and 9 private middle school mathematics teachers indicated that there were certain differences in teachers' practices and revealed the existing inequalities among the schools, classrooms, and students. Students' lack of participation, teachers' limited use of methods to teach mathematics, the socio-economic status of families and their lack of collaboration with teachers were among the reasons for mathematics learning loss. • Existing inequalities among the students reflected on mathematics learning loss. • Public and private school mathematics teachers' practices differed significantly. • Teaching practices were limited by the students' access to internet and technology. • Students' limited/lack of access to the learning environment caused learning loss. • The pedagogical approaches teachers used were drastically decreased during pandemic.
Keywords: COVID-19; Inequality; Mathematics learning loss; Mathematics teachers; Middle school students; Remote teaching

Notes de conseils sur l'exploitation des donnees d'enquete - Hasiniavo, Rasolohery; Joel, Mitchell; Angele, Messa (EdTech Hub, 2023)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Keywords: _r:AddedByZotZen

Sustaining and Scaling Pedagogic Innovation in Sub-Saharan Africa: Grounded Insights for Teacher Professional Development - Haßler, B; Hennessy, S; Hofmann, R (Journal for Learning for Development, 2018)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Sustaining and Scaling Pedagogic Innovation in Sub-Saharan Africa: Grounded Insights for Teacher Professional Development - Haßler, B; Hennessy, S; Hofmann, R (Journal for Learning for Development, 2018)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Synergies between the principles for digital development and four case studies - Haßler, Bjoern (REAL Centre, Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge, 2018)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

Sustaining and Scaling Pedagogic Innovation in Sub-Saharan Africa: Grounded Insights For Teacher Professional Development - Haßler, Bjoern; Hennessy, Sara; Hofmann, Riikka (Journal of Learning for Development, 2018)
Developing sustainable and scalable educational initiatives is a key challenge in low-income countries where donor-funded short-term projects are limited by both contextual factors and programme design. In this concept paper we examine some of the issues related to in-service teacher development in the context of sub-Saharan Africa, grounded predominantly in our experiences of over 5 years of iteratively developing, refining and evaluating an intensive school-based professional learning programme for primary school teachers. “OER4Schools” integrates interactive pedagogy, Open Educational Resources (OER) and use of mobile devices (where available). The focus of this paper is on identifying what the main factors are perceived to be in sustaining and scaling up such a programme, from the perspectives of participating teachers, workshop facilitators and the research team. Synthesising our previous research and drawing on recent work in the field, we identify the key characteristics of effective and sustainable professional learning in low-resourced contexts. Such characteristics include effective peer facilitation, school-based active learning, explicit programme structure, appropriate scheduling and resourcing, and mitigating resource constraints through use of OER. Our conclusions thereby offer insights concerning the importance and impact of wider influences on participation and engagement of stakeholders and lead to recommendations for programme design and implementation, that should be taken on board by future initiatives.
Keywords: Open Educational Resources; Sustainable Development Goal 4; Teacher Professional Development; peer-facilitation; school-based active learning; sub-Saharan Africa

A mixed-methods evidence assessment for emergent fields of knowledge - Haßler, Björn (EdTech Hub, 2021)
Keywords: _EdTechHub_Output; _yl:m

Access to Open Educational Resources: Report of a UNESCO OER Community Discussion. - Haßler, Björn (IIEP, 2009)
Keywords: Author:Haßler; Björn-CV-OECS; ⛔ No DOI found

Bibliography on teacher distribution and allocation - Haßler, Björn (2021)
Keywords: _EdTechHub_Output; _MELA_seen; _cover:analysis:nopdf; dode_eth-src-eth

Continue or reboot? Overarching options for education responses to COVID-19 in low- and middle-income countries - Haßler, Björn (2020)
Björn Haßler, https://opendeved.net/2020/04/15/continue-or-reboot/, 2020-04-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3753513
Keywords: COV:COVID and reopening of schools; LP: English; _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _yl:p; _zenodoETH; _zenodoODE; dode_eth-src-dode; dode_eth-trf2-dode