FAQs -
Frequently Asked Questions: Questions You Have About Inclusive Education But Didn’t Know Whom To Ask Inclusion International is often asked what we mean by “inclusive education”. Here are the most common questions from our members together with our responses. The responses are based on the …

Family engagement in early learning opportunities at home and in early childhood education centers in Colombia - Rey-Guerra, Catalina; Maldonado-Carreño, Carolina; Ponguta, Liliana Angelica; Nieto, Ana María; Yoshikawa, Hirokazu (Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 2022)
Family engagement in early learning and education is considered a key predictor of children's development. However, little is known about the link between family engagement in early learning opportunities in sociocultural diverse contexts, particularly in low- and-middle-income countries. This study examined the associations of family engagement in home learning activities (e.g., reading books, naming things) and in early childhood care and education centers (ECCE; e.g., attending meetings or workshops, helping inside the classroom) with young children's emergent literacy and numeracy, social-emotional functioning, motor development, and executive functions, as measured through direct assessment. Data came from a nationally-representative sample of public ECCE centers in Colombia serving 3–5-year-old children (N = 3069). Multilevel model analyses showed that home-based family engagement was associated with higher emergent numeracy, emergent literacy, social-emotional functioning, and motor development, whereas center-based family engagement was associated only with higher emergent numeracy and literacy development. These results suggest that interventions and policies designed to improve family engagement in early learning opportunities both at the ECCE centers and at the home could have positive and independent effects on early childhood development.
Keywords: Child development; Colombia; Early childhood education; Family engagement; Home learning; Multilevel models

Fake degrees: the secret industry damaging so many employers - Clarke, Jon (2017)

Factors that motivate teachers to use ICT in teaching: A case of Kaliua District secondary schools in Tanzania - Pima, John Marco (The International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology (IJEDICT), 2019)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Factors That Influence Teachers' Pedagogical Use of ICT in Secondary Schools: A Case of Ghana - Buabeng-Andoh, Charles (Contemporary Educational Technology, 2019)
Technology is perceived as a vital driving force for contemporary education. The Government of Ghana acknowledges the relevance of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education, and it is financing ICT in secondary schools. However, most instructors are unwilling to integrate ICT into their teaching. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that influence secondary school teachers' ICT usage in schools. The participants were 376 teachers randomly selected from 24 public and private schools. The data collected from the participants were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance. The results showed that teachers' use of ICT was still confined to basic and traditional activities such as search for information, class presentation etc. Internal and external factors were found to influence teachers' ICT usage. Also, female teachers reported that they use ICT more than male teachers. In general, this study has contributed to the literature regarding teachers' pedagogical use of ICT in secondary schools and also their gender differences in the use of ICT.
Keywords: Access to Computers; Competence; Computer Uses in Education; Foreign Countries; Gender Differences; Influence of Technology; Information Technology; Instructional Leadership; Pedagogical Content Knowledge; Private Schools; Public Schools; Rural Schools; Secondary School Teachers; Secondary Schools; Self Efficacy; Teacher Attitudes; Technological Literacy; Technology Integration; Training; Urban Schools; ⛔ No DOI found

Factors That Affect Grade Nine Students in Rawalpindi, Pakistan - Terry, Marion; Malik, Amjad; Chohan, Bushra (2020)
In an attempt to investigate concerns expressed by high school counselors, the researchers developed a quantitative Likert-scale questionnaire to assess the relationships among school experiences and video gaming and texting. Questions about video gaming and texting appeared with other questions about social relations, extra-curricular activities, and leisure-time activities. Two schools in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, were the focus for data collection and analysis. Complete data sets were obtained for 205 grade 9 students (95 males and 110 females), based on anonymized school records and questionnaire responses. The researchers determined Spearman rho correlations with calculations of two-tailed probability of error. Non-educational video gaming correlated with school experiences and relationships with parents and peers. Recreational texting also correlated with school experiences and relationships with parents and peers. Other interesting correlations involved other non-academic activities, peer relationships, school experiences, and self-concept. This report includes the 35 correlations assessed as moderate, fair, or good in strength, separated by gender and collated into 11 tables. The researchers recommend that school professionals advise parents and students of the potentially harmful effects of excessively playing video games and texting.
Keywords: Academic Achievement; Adolescents; Correlation; Extracurricular Activities; Foreign Countries; Gender Differences; Grade 9; Handheld Devices; High School Students; Leisure Time; Parent Child Relationship; Peer Relationship; Self Concept; Student Behavior; Telecommunications; Video Games

Factors Related to Teacher Absenteeism in Sierra Leone: Literature review - Vijil, Alejandra; McBurnie, Chris; Bellinger, Amy; Godwin, Katie; Haßler, Björn (EdTech Hub, 2023)
This report is one of several on the research project on the Impact of GIS-Supported Teacher Allocation in Sierra Leone (Hub-Led Research Programme 3). The education workforce is the most important school-level determinant of student learning. In Sierra Leone, the pupil-to-qualified-teacher ratio rises from 44:1 for schools in urban centres to 76:1 for schools in rural areas. Meanwhile, an average of a quarter of the workforce is absent from school on any given day. This informal literature review provides a summary of the most recent literature on teacher absenteeism, covering a wide range of low- and middle-income countries, including Sierra Leone, where the larger study is being undertaken. For the purposes of this review, we have focused on lessons learnt from sub-Saharan African studies that share similar education contexts and challenges as Sierra Leone. Based on the review, we hypothesise that distance from a teacher’s home to their school and their ability to choose which school they would like to work in impact teacher motivation, school attendance, and time on task. Efficient teacher allocation could improve each of these outcome estimates. An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Keywords: _r:AddedByZotZen

Factors influencing the uptake of a mechatronics curriculum initiative in five Australian secondary schools - Nicholas, Howard; Ng, Wan (International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 2012)
While the ready-made LegoTM Robotics kits are popular in schools and are used by students at both primary and secondary year levels, using the Picaxe microcontroller (chip) to create simple electronic devices, including robotic devices is less popular. The latter imposes an additional challenge as a result of the need to construct the universal board with the chip in it—a challenge embraced in the cross-disciplinary mechatronics program in this study. This paper reports on how teachers from ﬁve Australian secondary schools put into practice technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPCK) developed from expert-led workshops and explores factors (intrinsic and extrinsic) that inﬂuenced the implementation. The results show that different strategies were adopted by the schools in implementing the programs. While teacher attitude played an important role in inﬂuencing the program’s success, being able to identify where the program sits within the curriculum and planning around timetable and facility constraints were also important factors to consider. The research indicated that teachers’ TPCK was most challenged in non-obvious areas such as diagnosing where faulty soldering joints were.

Factors influencing teachers’ use of multimedia enhanced content in secondary schools in Tanzania - Mtebe, Joel Samson; Mbwilo, Betty; Kissaka, Mussa M. (The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 2016)
Tanzania is faced with a severe shortage of qualified in-service school science and mathematics teachers. While science and mathematics account for 46% of the curriculum, only 28% of teachers are qualified to teach these subjects. In order to overcome this challenge, the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training (MoEVT) implemented a project to use multimedia-enhanced content to upgrade subject content knowledge of science and mathematics teachers in secondary schools. A total of 70 topics and 147 subtopics were developed and enhanced with various multimedia elements. The content was used to train 2,000 in-service science and mathematics teachers from secondary schools in 19 selected centers countrywide. However, the presence and availability of this content does not automatically guarantee that teachers will use them. For this content to improve teachers’ subject content knowledge, they must be accepted and used by teachers in secondary schools. This study examines factors affecting teachers’ acceptance and prolonged use of developed multimedia-enhanced content using the extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) as a research framework. A sample of 1,137 teachers out of 2,000 was collected and tested against the research model using regression analysis. With exception of performance expectancy, all other factors had a statistically significant effect on teachers’ acceptance and use of the developed content. The government and other stakeholders can use these findings to develop strategies that will promote acceptance and use of the developed content in secondary schools in Tanzania.

Factors influencing teachers’ level of participation in online communities - Khalid, Fariza; Joyes, Gordon; Ellison, Linda; Daud, Md Yusoff (International Education Studies, 2014)
The use of an online learning community is one possible approach to teachers’ professional development that can enhance the opportunity for collaboration. Discussions in online learning communities not only allow community members to share resources, ideas and expertise, but also contribute to the fulfilment of teachers’ needs in terms of continuous learning and professional development. This paper reports the findings of a study that aimed to explore the factors that influence the way teachers behave in online communities. The research participants were 16 teachers from five secondary schools in Malaysia who were teaching English, science and mathematics. These teachers were involved in online learning communities via blogs in which they exchanged stories and experiences related to their teaching and learning activities. Data were generated through one-to-one interviews. Based on thematic analysis, the overall findings indicate that teachers’ levels of participation in their online learning communities were largely influenced by cultural issues. Other factors that impacted upon their engagement were time, enforcement by school administrators and their need for an online community.
Keywords: __:import:01; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2096356; __finaldtb

Factors determining digital divide in Ghana's basic schools - Quaicoe, James Sunney; Pata, Kai (2015 IST-Africa Conference, 2015)
This paper explores the concept of digital divide (DD) in Ghana’s basic schools in Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolis in Western Region. We tested the ICT culture variables as well as school location factor in respect to school’s digital divide. A survey sample contained 17 regional city schools from three different locations – central city in the region, towns away from the central city, and village schools. The survey instrument was developed with ten ICT culture variables. The variables in the instrument met the Cronbach’s Alpha threshold value of α = 0.70. Data was analysed with Descriptive statistics, Hierarchical Cluster analysis, Independent t-test, and Canonical discriminant analysis. We found that school location did not determine the schools DD, nonetheless the schools were digitally divided, – 2 clusters were found among schools. This DD was determined by certain ICT culture variables: Teacher’s ICT competences and the usage of ICT in Teacher’s professional practice were paramount.

Factors affecting the teachers' intention to adopt audio-visual aids in education sector of Pakistan - Iqbal, Zeeshan; Malik, Maimoona; Iqbal, Farhan (International Journal of Innovation in Education, 2019)
An emergent body of research mainly from the developing countries indicated that behavioural and cultural factors have significant influence on the adoption of technology. Based on the theoretical ...
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Factors affecting the E-learning acceptance: A case study from UAE - Salloum, Said A.; Al-Emran, Mostafa; Shaalan, Khaled; Tarhini, Ali (Education and Information Technologies, 2019)
The main objective of this article is to study the factors that affect university students’ acceptance of E-learning systems. To achieve this objective, we have proposed a new model that aims to investigate the impact of innovativeness, quality, trust, and knowledge sharing on E-learning acceptance. Data collection has taken place through an online questionnaire survey, which was carried out at The British University in Dubai (BUiD) and University of Fujairah (UOF) in the UAE. There were 251 students participated in this study. Data were analyzed using SmartPLS and SPSS. The Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) has been used to validate the proposed model. The outcomes revealed that knowledge sharing and quality in the universities have a positive influence on E-learning acceptance among the students. Innovativeness and trust were found not to significantly affect the E-learning system acceptance. By identifying the factors that influence the E-learning acceptance, it will be more useful to provide better services for E-learning. Other implications are also presented in the study.

Factors Affecting Technology Uses in Schools: An Ecological Perspective - Zhao, Yong; Frank, Kenneth A. (American Educational Research Journal, 2003)
Why is technology not used more in schools? Many researchers have tried to solve this persistent puzzle. The authors of this article report on their study of technology uses in 19 schools. They suggest an ecological metaphor, using the example of the introduction of the zebra mussel into the Great Lakes, to integrate and organize sets of factors that affect implementation of computer uses. Their findings suggest that an ecological perspective can provide a powerful analytical framework for understanding technology uses in schools. That perspective points out new directions for research and has significant policy and practical implications for implementing innovations in schools.
Keywords: computers in schools; diffusion of innovation; educational technology; school ecology; teacher development

Factors affecting teachers’ continuation of technology use in teaching - Kafyulilo, Ayoub; Fisser, Petra; Voogt, Joke (Education and Information Technologies, 2016)
This study was conducted to investigate the continuation of technology use in science and mathematics teaching of the teachers who attended a professional development program between 2010 and 2012. Continuation of technology use was hypothesized to be affected by the professional development program and by personal, institutional, and technological factors. Twelve teachers and three school leaders participated in the study. Data was collected through interviews. Findings showed that the continuation of technology use differed for the teachers involved in the professional development program. While all teachers reported to have gained knowledge and skills through the professional development program and were positive about technology use in education, only some teachers continued the use of technology. The data revealed that despite the challenges that all teachers in the sample encountered when using technology in their teaching (such as large classrooms, problems with electricity supply, lack of time and lack of technology tools), the encouragement of school management was a critical factor in teachers’ continuation of technology use. Implications of the findings are discussed.

Factors Affecting Higher Education Quality in Bangladesh: An Attempt to Improve Higher Education Quality in Bangladesh through HEQEP. - Hossain, Md (International Journal of Science and Business, 2017)
To meet the globalization challenges raising higher education quality to the world standard is essential. Because Economic Factors, An Era of Competition, Demographic Realities, lack of infrastectural development ,Governmental Political and Legal Challenges, Religious Factors, internal conflicts among educational institutions, corruption etc affect quality of higher education in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Govt. has taken initiatives to develop the quality of tertiary education. Govt. plans to prepare university graduates in such way that they can successfully compete in the context of international knowledge society. The Government prepared a Higher Education Strategic Plan 2006-26, which was fully homegrown with participation of front-line academics from both public and private universities and representatives from think-tanks and the private sector. Accordingly, the Ministry of Education, with the assistance of the World Bank, has undertaken a Higher Education Quality Enhancement Project (HEQEP). The project aims at improving the quality of teaching-learning and research capabilities of the tertiary education institutions through encouraging both innovation and accountability and by enhancing the technical and institutional capacity of the higher education sector. he Higher Education Quality Enhancement Project (HEQEP) will comprise of the following 4 (four) components: (i) promotion of academic innovation in teaching-learning and research through an Academic Innovation Fun (AIF) allocating funds on a competitive basis to public and private universities; (ii) institutional capacity building at the University Grants Commission (UGC) and the universities; (iii) connectivity capacity building for universities and research centers through the development of the Bangladesh Research and Education Network (BdREN) ; and (iv) support to the operation of the project implementation unit. The University Grants Commission of Bangladesh is the implementing agency of the project. A HEQEP Unit has been established in UGC for implementation, management, monitoring and evaluation of the activities.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Factors affecting e-learning adoption in developing countries -- empirical evidence from Pakistan’s higher education sector - Kanwal, Faria; Rehman, Mariam (IEEE Access, 2017)
E-learning has reshaped traditional education into more flexible and efficient learning in developed nations. However, e-learning remains underutilized and in the rudimentary stages of development in developing countries. Therefore, understanding the critical factors behind the adoption and acceptance of technology is a prime concern in developing countries like Pakistan. This paper provides and examines the adoption and acceptance baseline for e-learning systems by incorporating critical external factors in the technology acceptance model. A conceptual model-the Pakistan E-Learning Adoption Model-is proposed in the context of higher education. Data were collected from 354 learners at the Virtual University of Pakistan and structural equation modeling was employed to test the research hypotheses. The empirical investigation indicates that computer self-efficacy, Internet experience, enjoyment, and system characteristics are significant predictors of perceived ease of use, while system characteristics are a strong predictor of perceived usefulness. Moreover, the subjective norm is not found to be significant for perceived usefulness. The findings provide practical implications for policy makers, practitioners, and developers in successful e-learning systems implementation.
Keywords: Computational modeling; Computers; Context; Context modeling; Critical success factors for adoption; Electronic learning; Mathematical model; TAM; e-learning adoption; e-learning adoption in Pakistan

Factors affecting cloud computing adoption in the Indian school education system - Singh, Jewan; Mansotra, Vibhakar (Education and Information Technologies, 2019)
Cloud computing is becoming a leading trend worldwide, due to its enhanced reliability, scalability, flexibility, availability and processing throughput. However, the decision related to adoption of the cloud computing model is often complicated by challenges and uncertainties about the expected business value and its overall impact on the organisation. Till date, different contemporary technology acceptance theories and models have been used to test and validate adoption chances of cloud computing at organisational and individual levels. However, no experimental study has been conducted to provide a holistic evaluation of the determinants of cloud computing in the Asian world particularly in the context of the Indian school education system. Due to lack of such studies, we propose a theoretical model based on the TOE framework to explain the role of technological, organisational and environmental factors on the adoption of cloud computing in the Indian school education system. The data was collected from fifty-six 56 randomly selected secondary schools through questionnaire based survey to examine the relationship between the variables employing 5-points Likert scale. Reliability and validity measures were used to establish the quality and the usefulness of the collected data. In addition multi co-linearity test was also conducted. In order to test the research hypothesis, multiple regression analysis was conducted. The results indicate that relative advantage, compatibility, and complexity representing technological factors; top management support representing organisational factors; and competitive pressure, external expertise and attitude towards change representing environmental factors were found to have an positive and significant influence on the adoption of cloud computing services in the Indian school education system. The findings have a great significance since they can provide knowledge about cloud computing factors as well as insights and directions to the education policy planners and decision makers for successful adoption of cloud computing technology in India.

Factors Affecting Adoption of E-Learning Technology in Kenya - Kingori, Rhoda Mbithe (United States International University - Africa, 2018)
Internet penetration in Africa has been accelerated, with Kenya at the fore front at over 89.5% penetration, this penetration has led to an increase in knowledge repository for Kenyans to choose from and as a result E-learning has steadily increased not only in tertiary institutions but in informal learning as well. Facebook and YouTube are some of the web based tools, – that are listed as having potential applications for teaching and learning. As a result, it is essential to understand the challenges faced in the adoption of e-learning technology. The overall purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting adoption of e-learning technology in Kenya with a focus on three key factors, self-efficacy, objective usability and system accessibility. This study used explanatory/hypothesis research design to investigate the factors which affect adoption of e-learning technology in Kenya. An explanatory research design was fit to the study because it will helped to ascertain not only the relationship between the different variables, but measure the effect and strength of each independent variable on the dependent variable which was the technology adoption. The target population was social media (Facebook) users in Kenya. According to Internet World Statistics there are over 6.2 million Facebook subscribers in Kenya as of June 2017. This study focused on 200 social media users in Nairobi who were interested in e-learning or have ever learned online. They were sampled by geographic cluster, simple random sampling technique with a focus on Nairobi. Online questionnaire was used by Google form and 93% responded. In the first objective of self-efficacy, the correlation result revealed positive correlation between perceived ease of use with self-efficacy (r=0.441, p<0.05) and perceived usefulness with self-efficacy(r=0.337, p<0.05). On the CFA, there was a strong model equation but on the SEM it was not. The path coefficient for the relationship between SE and adoption of e-learning was weak. In the second objective, the correlation result revealed positive correlation between perceived ease of use with objective usability (r=0.598, p<0.05) and perceived usefulness with SE (r=0.456, p<0.05). Based on SEM, the path coefficient for the relationship between objective usability and adoption of e-learning was significant. Without any latent/intervening variable, OU and PEOU was positive and significant at the 0.05 level (βeta=0.938, T-value =3.658, p<0.05). The positive relationship indicates that one unit increase in OU will result in 0.938 increases in PEOU. In the last objective of system accessibility, the correlation result revealed positive correlation between perceived ease of use with system accessibility (r=0.441, p<0.503) and perceived usefulness with system accessibility (r=0.514, p<0.05). The path coefficient for the relationship between system accessibility and adoption of e-learning was weak and not significant hence dropped from the model.The research established that Self-efficacy had little to no effect on adoption of e-learning technology in Kenya. Objective usability was the strongest factor affecting the adoption of e-learning technology while system accessibility had correlation but was not strong enough to impact the model and as such impact the adoption of e-learning technology in Kenya was weak. These findings provided some useful insights for governments, potential instructors or educators, e-learning platforms and policy makers. This recommends and highlights the need to shift from the metropolitan areas to the rural areas in order to get a holistic view of the e-learning environment in Kenya. This research shed light on objective usability as a strong factor on perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness and as such on the adoption of e-learning technology in Kenya. Based the responses received and the SEM analysis further research should focus on the two variables of system accessibility and self-efficacy involving a larger number of variables to examine, as well as larger numbers of respondents to support the factor analysis. Research should also focus on attitude and behavioral intention and their interaction with perceived eases of use and perceived usefulness. The research needs to now shift from the metropolitan areas to the rural areas in order to get a holistic view of the e-learning environment in Kenya.

Fact Sheet: UN Joint Programme on Girls Education (JPGE) - UN Joint Programme on Girls Education (JPGE) (UNDP, UNFPA, and UNICEF, 2020)

Facing the challenges of the One-Tablet-Per-Child policy in Thai primary school education. - Viriyapong, Ratchada; Harfield, Antony (International Journal of Advanced Computer Science & Applications, 2013)

Facing Forward: Schooling for Learning in Africa - Bashir, Sajitha; Lockheed, Marlaine; Ninan, Elizabeth; Tan, Jee-Peng (World Bank, 2018)
This book lays out a range of policy and implementation actions that are needed for countries in sub-Saharan Africa to meet the challenge of improving learning while expanding access and completion of basic education for all. It underscores the importance of aligning the education system to be relentlessly focused on learning outcomes and to ensuring that all children have access to good schools, good learning materials, and good teachers. It is unique in characterizing countries according to the challenges they faced in the 1990s and the educational progress they have made over the past 25 years. The authors review the global literature and contribute their extensive new analyses of multiple datasets from over three dozen countries in the region. They integrate findings about what affects children's learning, access to schooling, and progress through basic education. The book examines four areas to help countries better align their systems to improve learning: completing the unfinished agenda of reaching universal basic education with quality; ensuring effective management and support of teachers; targeting spending priorities and budget processes on improving quality; and closing the institutional capacity gap. It concludes with an assessment of how future educational progress may be affected by projected fertility rates and economic growth. The primary audience for this book are policy makers in Africa, practitioners, and partners concerned about building the knowledge capital of sub-Saharan Africa.
Keywords: Education Management; Education Spending; Human Capital; Institutional Capacity; Knowledge Capital; Service Delivery; Teacher Effectiveness; Universal Basic Education

Facilitators and Barriers of Assistive Technology and Learning Environment for Children with Special Needs - Lersilp, Suchitporn; Putthinoi, Supawadee; Lersilp, Theeratorn; Mackenzie, Lynette (Occupational Therapy International, 2018)
The purpose of this research was to study the facilitators and barriers of assistive technology (AT) and the learning environment for children with special needs in special education schools in Chiang Mai, Thailand. The informants were one hundred and sixteen children with special needs, who studied in nursery to Grade 12, or with their caregivers. The instrument was a questionnaire applied by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and examined for content validity by five specialists. The results in terms of AT showed that a majority of children with physical disability needed it for mobility and use of school buildings and those with hearing disability for communication. However, most of the children did not need to use AT for culture, recreation, or sports, while many considered it as a facilitator for education. In terms of the learning environment, most characteristics of the physical environment were facilitators for children with special needs, as were those of the social environment for all groups of such children. The results of this study were useful in providing information for AT and design of a learning environment relating to the varied characteristics of children with special needs in special education schools.

Facilitating innovation with technology: Key actors in educational ecosystems - Gu, Xiaoqing; Crook, Charles; Spector, Mike (British Journal of Educational Technology, 2019)

Face the facts: Internet Watch Foundation Annual Report 2020 - IWF (2020)
The latest data and statistics on what the Internet Watch Foundation (IWF) are doing globally to tackle child sexual abuse images and videos online.

Eyes in the room trump eyes on the screen: effects of a responsive co-viewer on toddlers’ responses to and learning from video chat - Myers, Lauren; Crawford, Emily; Murphy, Claire; Aka-Ezoua, Edoukou; Felix, Christopher (Journal of Children and Media, 2018)
Scaffolding may be important for children to overcome puzzling aspects of video chat. We examined whether live co-viewer behavior (responsive or unresponsive), video chat partner’s eye gaze (aligned or misaligned), and object similarity (similar or dissimilar) impacted 24- to 30-month-old children’s responsiveness to (and short-term learning from) video chat. Co-viewer behavior was the primary factor influencing children’s responsiveness and learning; the on-screen Partner’s eye gaze was only influential in the presence of a responsive co-viewer; and object similarity did not impact the outcomes measured. Co-viewing provides essential support for children to respond to and learn from video chat interactions because it demonstrates the relevance and usefulness of the on-screen information. Findings suggest that children depend primarily on their live social partners to make sense of their media experiences.

Extracting or Empowering?: A Critique of Participatory Methods for Marginalized Populations - Juarez, J. A.; Brown, K. D. (Landscape Journal, 2008)

External Validity: The Next Step for Systematic Reviews? - Avellar, Sarah A.; Thomas, Jaime; Kleinman, Rebecca; Sama-Miller, Emily; Woodruff, Sara E.; Coughlin, Rebecca; Westbrook, T’Pring R. (Evaluation Review, 2017)
Background:Systematic reviews?which identify, assess, and summarize existing research?are usually designed to determine whether research shows that an intervention has evidence of effectiveness, rather than whether an intervention will work under different circumstances. The reviews typically focus on the internal validity of the research and do not consistently incorporate information on external validity into their conclusions.Objectives:In this article, we focus on how systematic reviews address external validity.Methods:We conducted a brief scan of 19 systematic reviews and a more in-depth examination of information presented in a systematic review of home visiting research.Results:We found that many reviews do not provide information on generalizability, such as statistical representativeness, but focus on factors likely to increase heterogeneity (e.g., numbers of studies or settings) and report on context. The latter may help users decide whether the research characteristics?such as sample demographics or settings?are similar to their own. However, we found that differences in reporting, such as which variables are included and how they are measured, make it difficult to summarize across studies or make basic determinations of sample characteristics, such as whether the majority of a sample was unemployed or married.Conclusion:Evaluation research and systematic reviews would benefit from reporting guidelines for external validity to ensure that key information is reported across studies.
Keywords: external validity; systematic reviews

External Validity: Four Models of Improving Student Achievement - Duflo, Annie; Kiessel, Jessica; Lucas, Adrienne (National Bureau of Economic Research, 2020)
Randomized controlled trials in lower-income countries have demonstrated ways to increase learning, in speciﬁc settings. This study uses a large-scale, nationwide RCT in Ghana to show the external validity of four school-based interventions inspired by other RCTs. Even though the government implemented the programs within existing systems, student learning increased across all four models, more so for female than male students, and many gains persisted one year after the program ended. Three of the four interventions had a similar cost eﬀectiveness. The intervention that directly targeted classroom teachers increased the likelihood that teachers were engaged with students.
Keywords: C:Ghana

External Validity and Model Validity: A Conceptual Approach for Systematic Review Methodology - Khorsan, Raheleh; Crawford, Cindy (Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2014)
Background. Evidence rankings do not consider equally internal (IV), external (EV), and model validity (MV) for clinical studies including complementary and alternative medicine/integrative health care (CAM/IHC) research. This paper describe this model and offers an EV assessment tool (EVAT©) for weighing studies according to EV and MV in addition to IV. Methods. An abbreviated systematic review methodology was employed to search, assemble, and evaluate the literature that has been published on EV/MV criteria. Standard databases were searched for keywords relating to EV, MV, and bias-scoring from inception to Jan 2013. Tools identified and concepts described were pooled to assemble a robust tool for evaluating these quality criteria. Results. This study assembled a streamlined, objective tool to incorporate for the evaluation of quality of EV/MV research that is more sensitive to CAM/IHC research. Conclusion. Improved reporting on EV can help produce and provide information that will help guide policy makers, public health researchers, and other scientists in their selection, development, and improvement in their research-tested intervention. Overall, clinical studies with high EV have the potential to provide the most useful information about “real-world” consequences of health interventions. It is hoped that this novel tool which considers IV, EV, and MV on equal footing will better guide clinical decision making.

Extending and scaling technology-based innovations through research | READ online (OECD iLibrary)
This chapter examines the question of 21st century skills through the prism of a case study on Singapore. Certainly, this case is quite particular in

Exploring young students’ talk in iPad-supported collaborative learning environments - Falloon, Garry; Khoo, Elaine (Computers & Education, 2014)

Exploring transition toward independent learning student experiences in the first year of architecture school - Al Maani, Duaa (Welsh School of Architecture, Cardiff University, 2019)
Constructivism within the design studio capitalises on the richness embodied by the differences in learners, and strongly opposes the notion of students as empty vessels. Although this perspective suggests that learners are individual and unique, yet it emphasises on their need for outside influences to learn as well. This thesis explores the learning experiences of students in the architectural design studio, specifically looking at learning issues associated with the transition from dependence to independence and analysing students’ accounts of their learning processes during their first year. The findings suggest that the design studio is a suitable environment for facilitating learning independence in higher education. Most of the students appreciated the learning environment within the school and expressed a feeling of belonging to the community, stating that it had helped them to become more independent. More importantly, an analysis of the narratives revealed that the respondents perceived themselves as becoming more independent as they progressed through the year. However, many of the participants felt uncertain about aspects of independent learning and wanted more guidance and support, remaining attached to the practice of tutor centred learning.

Exploring the use of the ICT in supporting dyslexic students’ preferred learning styles : A preliminary evaluation - Benmarrakchi, FatimaEzzahra; El Kafi, Jamal; Elhore, Ali; Haie, Sara (Education and Information Technologies, 2017)
Dyslexia is one of the most common learning disabilities. It is described as a disorder manifested by difficulty in learning to read despite conventional instruction, adequate intelligence, and sociocultural opportunity. It affects relatively about 7–10 % of the population across most languages and cultures. In this study, we explore the potential benefits offered by the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to support dyslexic students by considering their preferred learning styles. In the current paper we administered the VAK and Honey & Mumford questionnaires to 28 Arabic students with ages between 8 and 10 years old. 8 students from dyslexic group and 20 students from control group were selected to assess and compare their preferred learning style. The implemented system focuses on dyslexia in Arabic language, especially in Arabic countries such as Morocco. Based on the results of the analysis of learning styles differences, we introduced an adaptive mobile learning to support and promote learning for dyslexic students. The aim of the study is to consider the relationship between dyslexia and learning style and to suggest a different learning way. Preliminary results show that the ICT has a valuable role in providing opportunities for learners with dyslexia to participate more fully in education.

Exploring the summer reading effect through visual analysis of multiple datasets - Reed, Deborah K.; Aloe, Ariel M.; Park, Seohee; Reeger, Adam J. (Journal of Research in Reading, 2021)
Historically, there has been concern about students losing reading ability over extended breaks from school, commonly in the summer, but studies of this phenomenon have produced inconsistent results. We applied exploratory visual analysis of multiple datasets to examine whether students in Grades K-5 appear to lose or improve in various reading abilities over the summer and across consecutive school years. Archival data were obtained on students of different U.S. school districts who did not participate in a formal summer reading programme. Data were disaggregated by groups considered most vulnerable to summer loss: those from economically disadvantaged backgrounds and those identified with disabilities. Given the variety of measure types and scores, we centred scores on each measure's cut point for proficiency in a particular grade level to depict how students' scores deviated from the proficiency classifications before and after a summer break. Overall, students' scores relative to the benchmark appeared on average to have maintained or improved, and there was no observed accumulated decrement in reading performance across years. For anomalous instances of summer loss, we offer possible alternative explanations such as measurement artefacts and unrehearsed learning. Visual analysis of the datasets suggested that summer breaks were not associated with systematic losses of students' reading ability, even among those considered most vulnerable to the phenomenon. However, available assessments and benchmarks are not designed to measure summer learning specifically, and little is known about the kinds of literacy experiences students not in formal programmes might be having. Thus, more research on summer maturation and degeneration is warranted.
Keywords: elementary; exploratory visual analysis; reading; summer loss

Exploring the Relationship Between Teachers’ Use of Technology During the Covid-19 Pandemic in India and Their Perspectives on Students’ Motivation to Learn - Tailor, Kavita; Hennessy, Sara; Jordan, Katy (EdTech Hub, 2023)
During the Covid-19 pandemic, a wealth of research emerged to quantify student learning and the accessibility of technology for learners. However, existing evidence highlights that access to technology did not equate to learning, yet few studies have investigated the underlying reasons behind this. As a correlating factor of learning achievement, this report investigates student motivation to learn, as perceived by teachers, and how this may have been influenced by their use of remote technologies during the pandemic. It elucidates the perspectives of teachers working remotely during the pandemic by presenting a secondary data analysis using the world’s largest teacher survey post-Covid-19 (the T4 teacher survey). It complements these findings with qualitative data gathered from eight teachers and education practitioners in India via an online focus group. Results from this study imply that teachers’ pedagogy was more important for student learning motivation than their use of technology and confirmed that more frequent interaction between teachers and students or parents can increase teacher perceptions of student learning motivation. Findings also suggest that student learning motivation may have significantly depended on the continued development of academic and socio-emotional skills. These findings have practical implications for improving remote learning and blended learning environments and for addressing the salient issue of rote learning in India. Keywords: student motivation, technology, learning loss, Covid-19, digital pedagogy, self-determination theory An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Keywords: _r:AddedByZotZen

Exploring the gender gap in Tanzanian secondary school mathematics classrooms. - Zilimu, J.A (University of Illinois: Urbana-Champaign, Ill., 2014)

Exploring the fundamental factors of digital inequality in Bangladesh - Islam, Muhammad Nazrul; Inan, Toki Tahmid (SAGE Open, 2021)

Exploring the Efficacy of Student Response System in a Sub-Saharan African Country: A Sociocultural Perspective - Learning & Technology Library (LearnTechLib) - Agbatogun, Alaba Olaoluwakotansibe (Journal of Information Technology Education: Research, 2012)

Exploring the effect of non-financial incentives on job satisfaction of teachers at Lubuto and Kayele Secondary schools in Ndola District - Natalia, Zulu (Zimbabwe Open University and the University of Zambia, 2016)

Exploring the critical challenges and factors influencing the e-learning system usage during COVID-19 pandemic - Almaiah, Mohammed Amin; Al-Khasawneh, Ahmad; Althunibat, Ahmad (Education and Information Technologies, 2020)
The provision and usage of online and e-learning system is becoming the main challenge for many universities during COVID-19 pandemic. E-learning system such as Blackboard has several fantastic features that would be valuable for use during this COVID-19 pandemic. However, the successful usage of e-learning system relies on understanding the adoption factors as well as the main challenges that face the current e-learning systems. There is lack of agreement about the critical challenges and factors that shape the successful usage of e-learning system during COVID-19 pandemic; hence, a clear gap has been identified in the knowledge on the critical challenges and factors of e-learning usage during this pandemic. Therefore, this study aims to explore the critical challenges that face the current e-learning systems and investigate the main factors that support the usage of e-learning system during COVID-19 pandemic. This study employed the interview method using thematic analysis through NVivo software. The interview was conducted with 30 students and 31 experts in e-learning systems at six universities from Jordan and Saudi Arabia. The findings of this study offer useful suggestions for policy-makers, designers, developers and researchers, which will enable them to get better acquainted with the key aspects of the e-learning system usage successfully during COVID-19 pandemic.

Exploring the Benefits and Challenges of AI-Language Learning Tools - Rebolledo Font de la Vall, Roxana; Gonzalez Araya, Fabian (International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention, 2023)
AI language learning tools are computer programs or software applications that use artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to help users learn and improve their skills in a foreign language. These technologies have a lot of benefits, such as the ability to save time and speed up learning, to give students personalized learning experiences, and to help them learn about other cultures. In this study, the scientific literature was looked at to find out the pros, cons, opportunities, and challenges of using AI language learning tools, such as the need for more human interaction, the complexities of language in context, and the fact that training needs a lot of data. In the future, these AI tools could be used to make changes, like combining VR and AR, developing better algorithms for processing natural language, and using more advanced algorithms for adaptive learning. By addressing these problems and limitations, AI learning systems could become even more powerful and valuable tools for learning languages. Their integration is critical to improving the effectiveness and efficiency of learning user experience solutions.

Exploring the backgrounds and shaping of beginning student teachers in Ghana: toward greater contextualisation of teacher education - Akyeampong, Kwame; Stephens, David (International Journal of Educational Development, 2002)
Teacher education programmes are often quite similar in their framework and content but often lack sufficient reflection on the personal background and the socio-political forces that shape teachers’ roles and identity within the systems in which they operate. This paper explores this issue by using Ghana as a case study and discusses implications for its teacher education programmes and policies. Key characteristics of beginning student teachers found were: weak qualifying grades in two fundamental school subjects, mathematics and English, a waiting period of 2–5 years prior to entering teachers’ college, and apparently sharp differentials in trainees’ socio-economic background as compared to typical Ghanaian communities. They come to training with rich and varied images of teachers, teaching and the profession, but, in addition, many beginning trainees also express little desire to teach at primary school level, mainly for reasons of status and insufficient fringe benefits. These factors, we argue, should be taken into more account in the design of college programmes and the development of teacher education policies. The paper concludes with a call to teacher education systems, especially in Africa, to look more closely at, and learn from, who comes for training, what they bring with them, and how they perceive themselves in relation to teaching, training and future aspirations.
Keywords: Beginning student teachers; Ghana; Teacher education; Teacher identity; Teacher images

Exploring Teachers’ Retention and Attrition in Middle and Secondary Schools in Eritrea: Perspectives of Currently Serving Teachers. - Fessehatsion, Petros Woldu; Peng, Pai (International Journal of Research in Education and Science, 2020)

Exploring relationships between Kolb's learning styles and mobile learning readiness of pre-service teachers: a mixed study - Ata, Rıdvan; Cevik, Mustafa (Education and Information Technologies, 2019)
The aim of this research is to reveal relations between Kolb's learning styles and mobile learning readiness of pre-service teachers in depth in regard to different variables and identify their mobile learning perspectives. The study group consisted of 352 students enrolled in undergraduate programs in education faculties of different universities in Turkey. The convergent parallel design was used as a mixed method strategy. The survey model, as a quantitative component, was used to describe the present situation and embedded interviews, as a qualitative component, were carried out to deeply reveal pre-service teachers' perspectives on mobile learning depending on their learning styles. The "Learning Styles Inventory - Version III" as well as the "Mobile Learning Readiness Scale" were administered to participants. ANOVA, Tukey-HSD test and Structural Equation Modelling were used to analyze the quantitative data. The qualitative data were analyzed by the content analysis method. Results suggest that 126 (36%) of the pre-service participating in the study were with the assimilating learning style, 92 (26.29%) participants were with the diverging learning style, 73 (20.85%) were with the converging learning style and 59 (16.85%) were with the accommodating learning style. Furthermore, it was observed that there is a statistically significant relationship between the learning styles of the pre-service teachers and their m-learning readiness. In addition, it was observed that while optimism, self-directed learning and self-efficacy have a strong effect on m-learning; mother education, monthly income, gender, internet use frequency have a moderate effect on m-learning within different learning styles. Qualitative data were also in line with the results of quantitative data. Findings were discussed in light of relevant literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Keywords: COGNITIVE styles; Cognitive Style; Cognitive style; Computers--Information Science And Information Theory; Content Analysis; EDUCATIONAL programs; ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE); Educational Attainment; Foreign Countries; Gender Differences; Handheld Devices; Higher Education; Income; Independent Study; Independent study; Kolb's learning styles; Kolb’s learning styles; LEARNING readiness; Learning Readiness; Learning Style Inventory; MOBILE learning; Measures (Individuals); Mobile learning; Mothers; Positive Attitudes; Postsecondary Education; Pre-service teachers; Preservice Teachers; STUDENT teachers; Self Efficacy; Structural Equation Models; Structural equation modelling; Student Attitudes; Teacher Education Programs; Telecommunications; Turkey; Undergraduate Students; __:import:01; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2095788; __finaldtb

Exploring formative assessment - Brookhart, Susan M. (ASCD, 2009)
About the PLC series: Welcome to an adventure! If you are a teacher who is interested in developing a professional learning community to develop your classroom repertoire and increase your students achievement and motivation, you are in for a treat. A professional learning community (PLC) is a small group of teachers or administrators that meets regularly and works between meetings to accomplish shared goals. PLCs are vehicles for connecting teacher practice and student outcomes, improving both. About this book: Exploring Formative Assessment is your guide to creating a PLC to help further your understanding of how to use formative assessment in your school or classroom. You ll find everything you need to organize and run your PLC, including agendas, handouts, worksheets, and the background reading for each of seven sessions. You ll get the chance to try out new techniques and to collaborate with your colleagues as you deepen your understanding of formative assessment.
Keywords: Education / Professional Development; Education / Testing & Measurement

Exploring EFL teachers’ professional identity development in a CALL teacher preparation program - Meihami, Hussein; Esfandiari, Rajab (The JALT CALL Journal, 2021)

Exploring Blended Learning for Science Teacher Professional Development in an African Context - Boitshwarelo, Bopelo (The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 2009)
This paper explores a case of teacher professional development in Botswana, where a blended learning solution was attempted. The analysis of the implementation environment reveals deficiencies in policy, schools (workplaces), and training providers. The paper concludes with three recommendations: 1) Schools should support on-going teacher learning in the workplace and should manage ICT resources for use by both teachers and students; 2) Government should support participatory and localised learning and institutionalise ICT access and use; and 3) Training providers should use blended methods and should model good ICT practices. The author also notes that change is needed in the culture of teaching and learning so that ongoing, situated, participatory, and collaborative approaches are accepted. Finally, collaboration between the training providers and the schools is necessary as is a change in beliefs about the use of ICTs in education.
Keywords: C:Botswana; ICTs; Pedagogy; Professional Development; Teacher Training; ___working_potential_duplicate

Explore EdData Tools - Hub, EdTech (EdTech Hub)
Crowdsourcing Data Technologies for Education in Emergencies

Exploiter le potentiel des TIC : Programmes efficaces d'alphabétisation et de numératie utilisant la radio, la télévision, la téléphonie mobile, les tablettes et les ordinateurs - UNESCO (UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning, 2017)

Explaining the Short Careers of High-Achieving Teachers in Schools with Low-Performing Students - Boyd, Donald; Lankford, Hamilton; Loeb, Susanna; Wyckoff, James (American Economic Review, 2005)
Keywords: Analysis of Education; Public Sector Labor Markets

Expert Consultation: Radio-Based Education in the Philippines - McBurnie, Chris (EdTech Hub, 2020)
These slides present an overview of educational radio programming with a particular focus on quality assurance and content design.
Keywords: C:Philippines; F: Helpdesk response; H:Radio; LP: English; _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _GS:not_indexed; _MELA_seen; _cover:v2; _r:CopiedFromEvLib; _zenodo:submitted; _zenodoODE; dode_eth-src-eth; dode_eth-trf2-dode

Experimenting With Teacher Professional Development: Motives and Methods - Wayne, Andrew J.; Yoon, Kwang Suk; Zhu, Pei; Cronen, Stephanie; Garet, Michael S. (Educational Researcher, 2008)
A strong base of research is needed to guide investments in teacher professional development (PD). This article considers the status of research on PD and articulates a particular direction for future work. Little is known about whether PD can have a positive impact on achievement when a program is delivered across a range of typical settings and when its delivery depends on multiple trainers. Despite a consensus in the literature on the features of effective PD, there is limited evidence on the specific features that make a difference for achievement. This article explains the benefits offered by experiments in addressing current research needs and?for those conducting and interpreting such studies?discusses the unique methodological issues encountered when experimental methods are applied to the study of PD.
Keywords: C:United States / International

Experimenting with Automatic Text-to-Diagram Conversion: A Novel Teaching Aid for the Blind People - Mukherjee, Anirban; Garain, Utpal; Biswas, Arindam (Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 2014)
ABSTRACT Diagram describing texts are integral part of science and engineering subjects including geometry, physics, engineering drawing, etc. In order to understand such text, one, at first, tries to draw or perceive the underlying diagram. For perception of the blind students such diagrams need to be drawn in some non-visual accessible form like tactile graphics. Technologies for producing tactile graphics are available but they are too expensive to be afforded by the blind students or schools in developing countries like India. As a result, science education for a large population of blind students is severely compromised. This paper proposes a novel solution to this problem. A method for digital to Braille mapping of geometry diagrams on the low-cost traditional Braille text printer is reported here. Later on, this is integrated with a previously developed text-to-diagram conversion system. Using the integrated system, a blind student can input a geometry word problem and perceive the underlying diagram on a Braille printout. The major part of the study involves rigorous evaluation of the system at a Blind school. The enthusiasm and the ability shown by the subjects in using the system strongly attest its viability as an effective teaching/learning tool for the blind students.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Experimental Impacts of the “Quality Preschool for Ghana” Interventions on Teacher Professional Well-being, Classroom Quality, and Children’s School Readiness - Wolf, Sharon; Aber, J. Lawrence; Behrman, Jere R.; Tsinigo, Edward (Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2019)
We assessed the impacts of a teacher professional development program for public and private kindergartens in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. We examined impacts on teacher professional well-being, classroom quality, and children’s readiness during one school year. This cluster-randomized trial included 240 schools (teachers N ¼ 444; children N ¼ 3,345, Mage ¼ 5.2) randomly assigned to one of three conditions: teacher training (TT), teacher training plus parental-awareness meetings (TTPA), and controls. The programs incorporated workshops and in-classroom coaching for teachers and video-based discussion groups for parents. Moderate impacts were found on some dimensions of professional well-being (reduced burnout in the TT and TTPA conditions, reduced turnover in the TT condition), classroom quality (increased emotional support/behavior management in the TT and TTPA conditions, support for student expression in the TT condition), and small impacts on multiple domains of children’s school readiness (in the TT condition). The parental-awareness meetings had counteracting effects on child school readiness outcomes. Implications for policy and practice are discussed for Ghana and for early childhood education in low- and middle-income countries.
Keywords: Ghana; ___working_potential_duplicate; classroom quality; early childhood education; kindergarten; school readiness; teacher training and coaching

Experimental Impacts of a Teacher Professional Development Program in Chile on Preschool Classroom Quality and Child Outcomes - Yoshikawa, Hirokazu; Snow, Catherine; Barata, Clara; Gomez, Celia; Leyva, Diana; Treviño, Ernesto; Weiland, Christina; Moreno, Lorenzo (Developmental Psychology, 2015)
We assessed impacts on classroom quality and on 5 child language and behavioral outcomes of a 2-year teacher professional-development program for publicly funded prekindergarten and kindergarten in Chile. This cluster-randomized trial included 64 schools (child N 1,876). The program incorporated workshops and in-classroom coaching. We found moderate to large positive impacts on observed emotional and instructional support as well as classroom organization in prekindergarten classrooms after 1 year of the program. After 2 years of the program, moderate positive impacts were observed on emotional support and classroom organization. No significant program impacts on child outcomes were detected at posttest (1 marginal effect, an increase in a composite of self-regulation and low problem behaviors, was observed). Professional development for preschool teachers in Chile can improve classroom quality. More intensive curricular approaches are needed for these improvements to translate into effects on children.

Experimental evidence on scaling up education reforms in Kenya - Bold, Tessa; Kimenyi, Mwangi; Mwabu, Germano; Ng’ang’a, Alice; Sandefur, Justin (Journal of Public Economics, 2018)
What constraints arise when translating successful NGO programs to improve public services in developing countries into government policy? We report on a randomized trial embedded within a nationwide reform of teacher hiring in Kenyan government primary schools. New teachers offered a fixed-term contract by an international NGO significantly raised student test scores, while teachers offered identical contracts by the Kenyan government produced zero impact. Observable differences in teacher characteristics explain little of this gap. Instead, data suggests that bureaucratic and political opposition to the contract reform led to implementation delays and a differential interpretation of identical contract terms. Additionally, contract features that produced larger learning gains in both the NGO and government treatment arms were not adopted by the government outside of the experimental sample.
Keywords: Contract teachers; Education; External validity; Kenya; Randomized evaluation; State capacity

Experimental evidence on learning using low-tech when school is out - Angrist, Noam; Bergman, Peter; Matsheng, Moitshepi (Nature Human Behaviour, 2022)

Experimental Evidence on Alternative Policies to Increase Learning at Scale - Duflo, Annie; Kiessel, Jessica; Lucas, Adrienne (National Bureau of Economic Research, 2020)

Experimental Evaluation of the Tools of the Mind Pre-K Curriculum. Fidelity of Implementation Technical Report. Working Paper. - Meador, Deanna; Nesbitt, Kimberly; Farran, Dale (Peabody Research Institute, 2015)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Experimental education research: rethinking why, how and when to use random assignment - Sims, Sam; Anders, Jake; Inglis, Matthew; Lortie-Forgues, Hugues; Styles, Ben; Weidmann, Ben (UCL Centre for Education Policy and Equalising Opportunities, 2023)
Over the last twenty years, education researchers have increasingly conducted randomised experiments with the goal of informing the decisions of educators and policymakers. Such experiments have generally employed broad, consequential, standardised outcome measures in the hope that this would allow decisionmakers to compare effectiveness of different approaches. However, a combination of small effect sizes, wide confidence intervals, and treatment effect heterogeneity means that researchers have largely failed to achieve this goal. We argue that quasi-experimental methods and multi-site trials will often be superior for informing educators' decisions on the grounds that they can achieve greater precision and better address heterogeneity. Experimental research remains valuable in applied education research. However, it should primarily be used to test theoretical models, which can in turn inform educators' mental models, rather than attempting to directly inform decision making. Since comparable effect size estimates are not of interest when testing educational theory, researchers can and should improve the power of theory-informing experiments by using more closely aligned (i.e., valid) outcome measures. We argue that this approach would reduce wasteful research spending and make the research that does go ahead more statistically informative, thus improving the return on investment in educational research.
Keywords: education; experiments; policy; randomized controlled trials; research

Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference - Shadish, William R; Cook, Thomas D; Campbell, Donald T (Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 2002)

Experiment Types for EdTech - Rahman, Asad; Carter, Alice; WambûiKuria, Catherine; Mbugua, Ciku; Simpson, Lea; Kably, Nathan (EdTech Hub, 2022)
An EdTech Hub sandbox fast-tracks promising EdTech interventions by providing funding, tools, and access to evidence. It provides a space for partners to test and grow ideas in conditions of uncertainty. Since 2020, EdTech Hub has worked with partners in eight countries to test and grow EdTech based on our sandbox methodology. When testing and growing EdTech, this tool provides a non-exhaustive list of ways to design and run experiments. Keywords: sandbox; lean startup; lean impact; experiments; validation; prototype An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Keywords: _r:AddedByZotZen

Expensive Classrooms, Poor Learning: The Imperatives of Reforming School Construction in Egypt - Sobhy (Alternative Policy Solutions, 2019)

Expenditures and Revenue Management - Morrell, Lance (2017)

Expanding Teacher Support through Mobile Mentoring in Kakuma Refugee Camp: Benefits and Challenges - Mendenhall, Mary; Skinner, Makala; Collas, Sophia; French, Sarah (Current Issues in Comparative Education, 2018)
Governmental and non-governmental institutions alike have rallied around technology as a potential solution for addressing the dearth of quality educational opportunities and adequately trained teachers in many regions around the world (Burns, 2011; Carlson, 2013; Dahya, 2016). This is no less true in humanitarian and refugee contexts where technology is being used in myriad ways to connect teachers and learners with educational content and resources. A recent landscape review (Dahya, 2016) about the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in these contexts stated that technology has the potential to support education for marginalized populations in crisis contexts, and that teacher training and student learning are the primary areas of focus for utilizing technology for education. In many settings, technology is used for the provision of lesson plans and curricula to deliver subject knowledge directly to students, to train or certify teachers, and to connect individuals and build community (Dryden-Peterson, Dahya, and Douhaibi, 2017; Power, 2012; Winthrop and Smith, 2012). Modes of delivery include computers, laptops, tablets, portable media players, e-readers, personal digital assistants, and mobile phones (Burns, 2011; Carlson, 2013; Winthrop and Smith, 2012; Dahya, 2016).
Keywords: Google Scholar/ "refugee education" ICT; RER theme_supporting educators; __:import:01; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2425895; ___working_potential_duplicate; __finaldtb; ⛔ No DOI found

Expanding School Time and the Value of Computer-Assisted Learning: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial in El Salvador - Buchel, Konstantin; Jakob, Martina; Kuhnhanss, Christoph; Steﬀen, Daniel; Brunetti, Aymo (2019)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Expanding Early Childhood Enrollment: Mobile Schools in Mongolia - Borgen Project (The Borgen Project, 2016)
Mobile Schools in Mongolia: Mongolia has experienced an increase in kindergarten enrollment due to the emergence of mobile schools.

Expanding access to early childhood development using interactive audio instruction: A toolkit and guidelines for program design and implementation. - Christina, Rachel; Louge, Nathalie (World Bank, 2015)

Exotel Powering Vedantu’s Mission of Making Learning Personalized (India)

Exotel helps Saarthi Education understand their program success with call pickup and completion rates (India)

Exercise B: How to do random assignment using MS Excel - J-PAL (Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab)

Exclusion from education: The Economic Cost of Out of School Children in 20 Countries - Thomas, Milan; Burnett, Nicholas (Educate a Child; Results for Develpoment, 2013)

Examining the secondary effects of mother-tongue literacy instruction in Kenya: Impacts on student learning in English, Kiswahili, and mathematics - Piper, Benjamin; Zuilkowski, Stephanie Simmons; Kwayumba, Dunston; Oyanga, Arbogast (International Journal of Educational Development, 2018)

Examining the impact of instructional technology and material design courses on technopedagogical education competency acquisition according to different variables - Gokdas, Ibrahim; Torun, Fulya (Kuram ve Uygulamada Egitim Bilimleri, 2017)
The need to integrate technology into education has made necessary a thorough examination of teachers’ technopedagogical competencies. While training preservice teachers, it is of particular importance that they acquire technopedagogical education competences during their preservice education. Practical and theoretical course content and Instructional Technology and Material Design (ITMD) courses are thought to be essential for preservice teachers’ technopedagogical education competency acquisition. However, the role of ITMD courses in preservice teachers’ technopedagogical education competency acquisition has remained obscure in the literature. As such, the study aims to describe the effect that ITMD courses have on technopedagogical education competency acquisition. The research was conducted with a total of 186 preservice teachers studying in the departments of classroom teaching and preschool teaching in a Faculty of Education in Turkey. The research data were gathered using the Technopedagogical Education Competency Scale (TPACK-deep), developed by Kabakci Yurdakul, Odabasi, Kilicer, Coklar, Birinci, and Kurt. This five-point Likert type scale consists of a total of four factors, i.e. design, proficiency, ethics, and exertion. The internal reliability coefficient of the 33-item scale was .95. The scale was applied by faculty members in-line with the course description designated by the Council of Higher Education (YÖK) as a pre- and post-test at the beginning and end of the semester that the course was given. A paired samples t-test and CHAID (Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection) analysis were incorporatedly employed to analyze the data. The research showed that ITMD courses influenced preservice teachers’ acquisition of technopedagogical education competencies. The following were observed to be critical predictor variables in technopedagogical education competency acquisition: having received computer training prior to taking the ITMD courses and the average time one spends using a computer per day.
Keywords: Communication; Computers; Core curriculum; Early childhood education; Education; Educational technology; Knowledge; Learning; Mathematics; Pedagogy; Preschool education; Science education; Social research; Students; Teacher education; Teaching methods; Web 2.0; __:import:01; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2095985; __finaldtb

Examining the impact of Information and Communication Technology capacity building in High School education in Ghana. - Abilimi, Chris; Adu-Manu, Kofi S. (International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (UER), 2013)
The quality of education in general is improved, if Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is used in teaching and learning in High School education. This is because the use of ICT related strategy for teaching and learning rise the
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Examining the Impact of an English in Action Training Program on Secondary-School English Teachers’ Classroom Practice in Bangladesh - Karim, Abdul; Mohamed, Abdul (The Qualitative Report, 2019)
English teachers in Bangladesh have undergone numerous training programs. Both government-initiated and donor-sponsored training programs have been in operation in Bangladesh. Government initiated institutions to train teachers are Primary Training Institutes (PTIs) and Teacher Training Colleges (TTCs). However, researchers seemed to label training provided by PTIs and TTCs as inadequate. Bridging the gaps intrigued government of Bangladesh to devise donor-aided training programs, including English Language Teaching Improvement Project (ELTIP), English for Teaching, Teaching for English (ETTE), Secondary Education Quality and Access Enhancement Project (SEQAEP), Teaching Quality Improvement in Secondary Education Project (TQI-SEP). Studies reported their potential failure to bring changes in English teachers’ classroom practices. English in Action (EIA) was the last donor-funded project that incorporated schoolbased training program. The aim of the study was to examine the impact of EIA training program on secondary-school English teachers’ classroom practice in Bangladesh, drawing the questions in relation to the elements learned in the training program and the elements practiced in the training program. The present study undertook the Integrated Approaches to Teacher Development suggested by Hargreaves and Fullan (1992) and Reflective Model developed by Wallace (1991). This study adopted phenomenological approach since it subsumed the experience of an activity or concept from the participants’ perspective. Eight Participants were selected who had been trained from EIA training program and who had experience of participating in other donor-aided program, in the spirit of yielding the uniqueness of EIA which informed the sustainability of this program. It had been divulged that teachers learned a lot of activities that were related to English language teaching. However, the present studies observed limited practice of such activities in the classroom.

Examining sustained impacts of two teacher professional development programs on professional well-being and classroom practices - Wolf, Sharon; Peele, Morgan E. (Teaching and Teacher Education, 2019)
We examine second-year impacts of a 1-year pre-primary teacher training and coaching program, delivered with and without parental-awareness meetings, evaluated with a school-level randomized trial. Outcomes included teachers’ professional well-being and classroom practices. Most gains observed during the program year faded out. However, there were small sustained impacts on the implementation of training activities. Counteracting effects of the parental-awareness meetings were evident, with suggestive evidence that teachers in this treatment group displayed lower scores on one dimension of classroom qualitydSupporting Student Expressiondcompared to controls. Implications for professional development and educational quality are discussed.
Keywords: _proposed-for: Scoping review

Examining Pre-Service Teachers’ Views about Online Chemistry Laboratory Learning Experiences Amid the Covid-19 Pandemic - Yeşi̇Loğlu, Sevinç Nihal; Gençer, Sinem; Eki̇Ci̇, Funda; Işik, Burcu (Journal of Turkish Science Education, 2021)
With the continued spread of the COVID-19 crisis, the universities were closed temporarily in Turkey just as in the rest of the world. As a result of this, many educators and students tried to adapt online education quickly. This research study examined 67 pre-service teachers' views on online chemistry laboratory learning experiences amid the COVID-19 pandemic. A data collection tool consisting of seven open-ended questions was used. Data sources included responses given to open-ended questions about the online chemistry laboratory learning experiences, the applications used for the chemistry experiments (e.g., simulations, images, and videos), the methods used for assessing online learning, and the system used for the virtual classroom platform. Content analysis was applied to participants’ responses. Participants’ views about online chemistry laboratories amid the COVID-19 pandemic were gathered in five themes: (i) advantages and disadvantages of online chemistry laboratories, (ii) effects of online chemistry laboratories on learning outcomes, (iii) views on technological applications used in online chemistry laboratories, (iv) views on measurement and assessment methods used in online chemistry laboratories, and (v) views of pre-service teachers on the virtual classroom platform used in online chemistry laboratories. The findings of the study highlighted that online laboratory learning has both advantages and disadvantages. The findings also included the strengths and weaknesses of the system used for the virtual classroom platform. The findings may provide useful information on how to design a positive online laboratory experience such as integrating hands-on activities as a part of the online laboratories to overcome the lack of “learning by doing” and using videos containing more detailed explanations about the experimental setup.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Examining mathematical task and pedagogical usability of web contents authored by prospective mathematics teachers - Akayuure, Peter; Apawu, Jones (International Journal of Research in Education and Science, 2015)
The study was designed to engage prospective mathematics teachers in creating web learning modules. The aim was to examine the mathematical task and perceived pedagogical usability of the modules for mathematics instructions in Ghana. The study took place at University of Education, Winneba. Classes of 172 prospective mathematics teachers working in design groups were involved in the study. Data were collected using Mathematical Task Usability Scale and Pedagogical Usability Rubrics. The result indicated 77.8% of the task contents examined contained worthwhile mathematical tasks. Descriptive analysis of data reflected three distinct categories of perceived pedagogical usability. Approximately 6%, 58% and 36% of the modules contained low, moderate and high pedagogical usability attributes. The study concluded that majority of the modules developed by the prospective teachers have considerable instructional value. Implications for involvement of prospective mathematics teachers in authoring web resources were discussed against the backdrop of policy initiatives for integrating emerging technologies.
Keywords: ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE); Electronic Publishing; Foreign Countries; Ghana; Higher Education; Instructional Material Evaluation; Learning Modules; Mathematics Activities; Postsecondary Education; Preservice Teachers; Rating Scales; Scoring Rubrics; Statistical Analysis; Student Developed Materials; Usability; Web Based Instruction; __:import:01; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2098955; __finaldtb

Examining factors affecting beginning teachers’ transfer of learning of ICT-enhanced learning activities in their teaching practice - Agyei, Douglas D.; Voogt, Joke (Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 2014)
This study examined 100 beginning teachers’ transfer of learning when utilising Information Communication Technology-enhanced activity-based learning activities. The beginning teachers had participated in a professional development program that was characterised by ‘learning technology by collaborative design’ in their final year of their pre-service preparation program.  Transfer of learning was proposed as characteristic of (i) the professional development program,(ii) beginning teachers and (iii) school environment. Beginning teachers held positive views about active learning and ICT use developed during the professional development program, which seemed the strongest predictor in transfer of their learning. The study also showed that a significant amount of explained differences in the level of transfer of ICT-enhanced activity-based learning innovation could be attributed to range of factors across individual beginning teachers and school environment characteristics. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Keywords: __:import:02; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2425905; __finaldtb

Examination of Teacher Candidates' Views on Peer Learning Performed with Interactive Videos in the Blended Learning Process - Ipek, Jale; Kalay, Abdullah; Ertas, Sercan (Education Quarterly Reviews, 2021)
Today, the speed of the development of technology has various effects in many areas. In the field of education, some concepts, methods, techniques, theories and models come to the fore with the effect of technology and attract the attention of researchers. One of them is blended learning. Blended learning is a learning process in which both face-to-face learning processes and learning processes in online environments coexist. Today's learners are expected to be able to solve problems, work collaboratively, and have strong communication. It is thought that peer learning can be used in constructivist teaching processes in order to gain these features. Peer learning involves learners performing their learning by interacting with each other. In this study, it is aimed to determine the opinions of teacher candidates about peer learning realized with interactive videos in the blended learning process. The study group consists of 37 Computer and Instructional Technologies Education Department teacher candidates, 11 women (29.73%) and 26 men (70.27%) enrolled in the "Special Teaching Methods - II" course in the spring semester of 2018-2019 academic year. In the online part of the study, a web 2.0 tool (Edpuzzle) was used to prepare interactive video content. The videos prepared by the peers regarding the course content were expected to be watched online and before the face-to-face lessons. In the face-to-face learning process, students progressed the learning process interactively with their peers. At the end of the process, the data were collected with the data collection tool named "teacher candidate opinion form" developed by the researchers from the study group. The collected data were analyzed with content analysis and interpreted by the researchers. In the study results, the opinions of the teacher candidates about the process after their learning experiences were determined. It was found that a great majority of the teacher candidates had a positive opinion about the peer learning realized with interactive videos in the blended learning process.

Examination of factors influencing the use of mobile learning system: An empirical study - Almaiah, Mohammed Amin; Alismaiel, Omar Abdulwahab (Education and Information Technologies, 2019)
Past studies have placed little emphasis on quality factors as the detebile learning application provides me a promptrminants of mobile learning adoption. Thus, this study’s purpose is to integrate the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) with the updated DeLone and McLean’s model (DL&ML) to examine whether quality factors (including system quality, information quality, and service quality) and individual beliefs (including perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use) are the antecedents to students’ satisfaction and their intention to use, leading to enhancing their actual usage of mobile learning system. A total of 400 questionnaires were distributed. The results showed that quality factors (including system quality, information quality, and service quality) had significant effects on students’ satisfaction and their intention to use mobile learning; besides, perceived usefulness has significantly strong impacts on intention to use mobile learning, and satisfaction and intention to use both have significant effects on actual use of mobile learning. This study opens future work for using the identified quality factors as guidelines for researchers and designers to design and develop mobile learning applications.

Evolution in the Digital Age : Implementation of 5E and NGSS in the Virtual Biology Classroom - Maulucci, Marcy E; Guffey, Sarah K (2020)

Evidence to Strengthen Tech-Supported Teacher Development in Madagascar - Coflan, Caitlin Moss; Koomar, Saalim; Rasolohery, Hasiniavo (EdTech Hub, 2021)
Our latest blog looks at using evidence to strengthen tech-supported teacher professional development in Madagascar. For more details, visit our website.

Evidence on efforts to mitigate the negative educational impact of past disease outbreaks - Hallgarten, Joe (K4D Helpdesk Report, 2020)
This rapid review focusses on efforts to mitigate the educational impact of previous disease outbreaks, concentrating on school-age learners. It follows two companion papers that reviewed broader secondary effects and attempts to mitigate them (Rohwerder, 2020; Kelly, 2020). It aims to inform the education sector’s responses to the COVID-19 crisis, although there are important differences between previous disease outbreaks and the COVID-19 situation. For instance, unlike Ebola, transmission of COVID-19 is asymptomatic, and the outbreak is global. This review finds a limited range of quantitative evidence on the educational impact of disease outbreaks, and minimal evidence on mitigation measures or their impact. Although several ‘lessons learned’ documents include guidelines and recommendations (and now complemented by many education-focused COVID-responsive blogs), this review finds that these are rarely based on evidence of impact of particular interventions, or on evidence of the impact of different approaches to action, co-ordinations, funding or prioritisation. The review found four particular evidence gaps: First, how distance learning materials can support learners who do not have access to family members with the skills or time to help them. Second, a gap in the use of screen or internet-enabled technologies to support alternative education. Third (and related), a gap in remote teacher training and development during school closures. Finally, the review analysed gender and equity issues but did not find any literature that explored disability. The education in emergencies literature has an emerging evidence base across all four themes within refugee education contexts, but has not yet learnt from or applied this evidence to disease outbreak situations.
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate; ⛔ No DOI found

Evidence needs to be at the heart of $300 billion global edtech industry - Jacobs Foundation (Jacobs Foundation, 2022)
The Jacobs Foundation calls for a “culture shift”. This follows the launch of a global CHF 40 million initiative for greater collaboration between investors, edtech companies, and premier research institutions to help bridge the gap between research and edtech.

Evidence-Based Teaching: Effective Teaching Practices in Primary School Classrooms - Molina, Ezequiel; Pushparatnam, Adelle; Rimm-Kaufman, Sara; Wong, Keri Ka-Yee (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2018)

Evidence-based approaches to improving teachers’ skills, in schools serving poor and marginalised communities - Power, Tom; Hedges, C; McCormick, R; Rahman, S (Pan-Commonwealth of Learning Forum, 2019)
Keywords: C:Poor and marginalised communities; ⛔ No DOI found

"Everyone Brings Their Grain of Salt": Designing for Low-Literate Parental Engagement with a Mobile Literacy Technology in Côte d'Ivoire - Madaio, Michael A.; Tanoh, Fabrice; Seri, Axel Blahoua; Jasinska, Kaja; Ogan, Amy (the 2019 CHI Conference, 2019)
Significant research has demonstrated the crucial role that parents play in supporting the development of children’s literacy, but in contexts where adults may lack sufficient literacy in the target language, it is not clear how to most effectively scaffold parental support for children’s literacy. Prior work has designed technologies to teach children literacy directly, but this work has not focused on designing for low-literate parents, particularly for multilingual and developing contexts. In this paper, we describe findings from a qualitative study conducted in several regions of rural Côte d’Ivoire to understand Ivorian parents’ beliefs, desires, and preferences for French literacy. We discuss themes that emerged from these interviews, surrounding ideas of trust, collaboration, and culturally-responsive design, and we highlight implications for the design of technology to scaffold low-literate parental support for children’s literacy.

Every girl goes to school, stays safe, and learns: Five years of global action - FCDO (2020)

Every child learns: UNICEF education strategy 2019–2030 - UNICEF (2019)
UNICEF education strategy 2019–2030

Every child learns: UNICEF education strategy 2019-2030 - UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund, 2019)

Every Adolescent Girl Empowered and Resilient (EAGER) - International Rescue Committee (IRC)
A project designed to create accessible and empowering learning opportunities for out-of-school adolescent girls in Sierra Leone, strengthening their knowledge, skills, and agency to shape their lives.

Evaluations of situational judgement tests to assess non-academic attributes in selection - Patterson, Fiona; Ashworth, Victoria; Zibarras, Lara; Coan, Philippa; Kerrin, Maire; O’Neill, Paul (Medical Education, 2012)
Medical Education 2012: 46: 850–868 Objectives This paper presents a systematic review of the emerging international research evidence for the use of situational judgement tests (SJTs) for testing important non-academic attributes (such as empathy, integrity and resilience) in selection processes. Methods Several databases (e.g. MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science) were searched to retrieve empirical studies relating to SJTs published between 1990 and 2010. Personal contact with experts in the field was made to identify any unpublished research or work in progress to obtain the most current material. Finally, reference lists were checked to access other relevant journal articles and further research. All research studies were required to meet specific inclusion criteria selected by two independent reviewers. Results Over 1000 citations were identified during the initial literature search; following the review of abstracts, full-text copies of 76 articles were retrieved and evaluated. A total of 39 articles that adequately met the inclusion criteria were included in the final review. The research evidence shows that, compared with personality and IQ tests, SJTs have good levels of reliability, predictive validity and incremental validity for testing a range of professional attributes, such as empathy and integrity. Conclusions SJTs can be designed to test a broad range of non-academic constructs depending on the selection context. As a relatively low-fidelity assessment, SJTs are a cost-efficient methodology compared with high-fidelity assessments of non-academic attributes, such as those used in objective structured clinical examinations. In general, SJTs are found to demonstrate less adverse impact than IQ tests and are positively received by candidates. Further research is required to explore theoretical developments and the underlying construct validity of SJTs.

Evaluation study on the early learning Child-to-Child Programme - Mundy, Karen; Proulx, Kerrie; Janigan, Kara; Geva, Esther; Fraser, Christie (UNICEF, 2014)
Child-to-Child Programme in Ethiopia

Evaluation Report for the Teacher Upgrading Program: Lao PR - de Guzman, Estafania; Karaan, Alice; Klesch, Maree; Thorburn, Andrew; Mahaffey, LeeAnne; Watt, Ron (UNICEF, 2000)

Evaluation Report: Assessing the use of technology and Khan Academy to improve educational outcomes in Sacatepéquez, Guatemala - MANUS Consulting (2016)

Evaluation of the Transformative Potential of Positive Gender Socialization in Education for Peace Building. - Chinen, Marjorie; Elmeski, Mohammed (2016 Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness Conference, 2016)
American Institutes for Research (AIR) is conducting an impact evaluation of The United Nations Children's Emergency Fund's (UNICEF's) teacher-training program and reinforcing text messages that aim to provide meaningful knowledge regarding the transformative potential of positive gender socialization in education for peace building in the region of Karamoja, Uganda. The impact evaluation assesses the effects of the teacher-training program, with an emphasis on gender socialization, on teachers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerned with gender equity, and positive gender socialization. The authors implemented a mixed-methods research design for the impact evaluation, using quantitative and qualitative methods. They compared the outcomes of interest among the teachers who benefit from the program with the outcomes of interest of comparable teachers in different schools who do not benefit from the program. The impact evaluation is based on an eight-month intervention, with baseline data collected in March 2015 and endline data collected in November 2015. One hundred five schools from eight Coordinating Centre Tutors (CCTs) located in the districts of Abim, Kaabong, and Napak are participating in the study, with a third of the schools receiving the training plus reinforcing text messages (the "complete intervention" group), another third receiving the teacher training only (the "limited intervention" group), and the other third not receiving any of the interventions (the control or "business as usual" group). A total of 916 teachers working in the 105 schools at the time of baseline data collection were surveyed. Provided that the various stakeholders respond in the manner anticipated, the trainings--and potentially the active teacher support and engagement delivered using the mobile SMS platform--should lead to a set of initial effects or intermediate outcomes. Tables and figures are appended.
Keywords: Comparative Analysis; ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE); Educational Practices; Elementary Education; Elementary School Teachers; Foreign Countries; Inservice Teacher Education; Intervention; Mixed Methods Research; Outcome Measures; Peace; Program Effectiveness; Randomized Controlled Trials; Sex Fairness; Socialization; Synchronous Communication; Teacher Attitudes; Teacher Characteristics; Telecommunications; Uganda; __:import:01; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2097972; ___working_potential_duplicate; __finaldtb; ⛔ No DOI found

Evaluation of the transformative potential of positive gender socialization in education for peace building - Chinen, Marjorie; Elmeski, Mohammed (Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2016)
American Institutes for Research (AIR) is conducting an impact evaluation of The United Nations Children's Emergency Fund's (UNICEF's) teacher-training program and reinforcing text messages that aim to provide meaningful knowledge regarding the transformative potential of positive gender socialization in education for peace building in the region of Karamoja, Uganda. The impact evaluation assesses the effects of the teacher-training program, with an emphasis on gender socialization, on teachers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerned with gender equity, and positive gender socialization. The authors implemented a mixed-methods research design for the impact evaluation, using quantitative and qualitative methods. They compared the outcomes of interest among the teachers who benefit from the program with the outcomes of interest of comparable teachers in different schools who do not benefit from the program. The impact evaluation is based on an eight-month intervention, with baseline data collected in March 2015 and endline data collected in November 2015. One hundred five schools from eight Coordinating Centre Tutors (CCTs) located in the districts of Abim, Kaabong, and Napak are participating in the study, with a third of the schools receiving the training plus reinforcing text messages (the "complete intervention" group), another third receiving the teacher training only (the "limited intervention" group), and the other third not receiving any of the interventions (the control or "business as usual" group). A total of 916 teachers working in the 105 schools at the time of baseline data collection were surveyed. Provided that the various stakeholders respond in the manner anticipated, the trainings--and potentially the active teacher support and engagement delivered using the mobile SMS platform--should lead to a set of initial effects or intermediate outcomes. Tables and figures are appended.
Keywords: Comparative Analysis; ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE); Educational Practices; Elementary Education; Elementary School Teachers; Foreign Countries; Inservice Teacher Education; Intervention; Mixed Methods Research; Outcome Measures; Peace; Program Effectiveness; Randomized Controlled Trials; Sex Fairness; Socialization; Synchronous Communication; Teacher Attitudes; Teacher Characteristics; Telecommunications; Uganda; __:import:01; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2097972; __finaldtb

Evaluation of the Sida-supported Education Program for Results (EPforR) 2014–2021, Tanzania - Moran, Greg; Connal, Criana; Kirama, Stephen; Leung, Yvonne (Sida, 2020)

Evaluation of the Global Partnership for Education (GPE) – Literacy and Numeracy Education Support (LANES) program in Tanzania (2014–2018) - Connal, Criana; Strath, Annelie; Dihenga, Khalid (Global Partnership for Education (GPE), 2018)

Evaluation of the extent school access programme assisted teachers to acquire ICT skills - Nwajiuba, Chinyere Augusta; Okoro, Kingsley O.; Edikpa, Edith (Asian Journal of Information Technology, 2019)
Evaluation of the Extent School Access Programme Assisted Teachers to Acquire ICT Skills
Keywords: _Source:Intuitive; _THEME: Curriculum and resources; _THEME: Education management; _THEME: Teacher Professional Development; __:import:01; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2426072; __finaldtb

Evaluation of the application of mobile phone technology in teaching and learning: A case study of Kamwenja Teacher' college, Nyeri County, Kenya. - Gitome, Mwangi Joseph (Mount Kenya University, 2015)
This research was designed to investigate the application of mobile phone technology in teaching and learning among tutors and students of Kamwenja Teachers College in Nyeri County in Kenya. The problem this study addressed was to establish whether mobile phones in the hands of students and tutors were beneficial for teaching and learning or if they impede learning process in Teacher Training Colleges in Kenya. The variables under consideration were: quality teaching and learning as dependent variable and owning mobile phones, awareness of educational potential of mobile phones, acceptance of mobile phones, and mobile phones influence as alternative learning and instructional methods as independent variables. The data was collected from 71 tutors and 498 students. The sample size was worked out at 20% to be 15 tutors and 100 second year teacher trainees in the college. Stratified random sampling was used to ensure the sample was a true representation of the whole population. Data was collected through questionnaires that were both quantitative and qualitative to ensure high quality of information for the study where 98.2% response rate was achieved. To ensure Validity and Reliability of Research Instruments a pre-test of the questionnaire was conducted on tutors and students of Kagumo Teachers College. A reliability coefficient of 0.7 was adopted for the items while an expert, the supervisor, guided in validity of the items. The study was guided by the activity theory also known as Cultural Historical Activity Theory. Primary data was analysed with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20) software to generate descriptive statistics, correlation and multiple regression analysis. The findings of the study revealed that ownership of mobile phone had a positive and significant effect on application of mobile phone technology in teaching and learning when considered singly and even when regressed together with other factors. Further, the study revealed that awareness of the educational potential of mobile phone technology, acceptance of mobile phone technology and mobile phone technology as an alternative learning and instructional methods were found to have a positive and significant effect on application of mobile phone technology in teaching and learning when considered singly, however when all the factors were regressed together they were found to have a positive and but insignificant effect on application of mobile phone technology in teaching and learning. In order to enhance use of mobile phone technology in teaching and learning students and teachers should be encouraged to acquire mobile phones with internet connectivity features. The general usage of mobile phone in teachers training colleges was found to be very high. However the rate at which mobile phones are used for exchanging learning information is low. The researcher recommends that policies be put in place on use of mobile phone technology in teaching and learning and train tutors on how to teach differently using mobile phone technology. Future researchers should try to establish hindrances of application of mobile phone technology in teaching and learning.

Evaluation of technology use in education: Findings from a critical analysis of systematic literature reviews - Lai, Jennifer W. M.; Bower, Matt (Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 2019)
Because the educational technology research literature is so broad, it is difficult for researchers to acquire an accurate sense of the issues and trends across the entire field. There has not been any recent effort to synthesize or critically analyse the systematic reviews in the area of educational technology. This study analysed 73 systematic literature reviews, including meta-analyses, focused on the evaluation of technology in educational contexts, in order to holistically understand the impact of learning technology use across different aspects of evaluation. Among these reviews, the most common theme examined was learning outcomes (89%), followed by affective elements (45%), behaviours (25%), technological elements (21%) and teaching/pedagogical aspects (19%). Most of the reviews found that the use of technology improved learning outcomes and affective perceptions. Approaches involving interaction, gamification, constructivism, student-centred learning and feedback were most effective. The analysis highlighted the need for more reviews focusing on multiple aspects of learning technology evaluation, on school level education and on the use of technology in naturalistic (non-interventional) settings. Critical reflections are also cast on the methods used to conduct systematic reviews in the educational technology field.
Keywords: evaluation; learning technology; meta-review; systematic review; tertiary review

Evaluation of Inclusive Basic Education in the UNICEF Country Programmes 2012-2016 and 2017-2021 - Venäläinen, Raisa; Chultemsuren, Tamir; Tsendendamba, Batsugar (UNICEF, 2019)

Evaluation of Evidence-Based Practices in Online Learning: A Meta-analysis and Review of Online Learning Studies - Means, Barbara; Toyama, Yukie; Murphy, Robert; Bakia, Marianne; Jones, Karla (US Department of Education, 2010)

Evaluating the Use of Radios to Promote Learning in Liberia During COVID-19 - Bulat, Dr. Jennae (RTI International, 2020)

Evaluating the Readiness to Implement an E-Learning Technology to Support Education - Kimwise, Alone; Benjamin, Mudaheranwa; Mugabirwe, Beatrice (2019)
The study sought thought to establish the preparedness of refugees in settlements to embrace E-learning and Multimedia Technology as useful tool for supporting education and learning especially in mathematics, and basic health education when implemented. The study which covered Nakivale refugee settlement adopted the cross-sectional survey research design. A questionnaire was administered to learners of senior one, primary six and an interview guide to teachers. The findings showed that majority of the respondents said that they did not have access to ICTs, Majority of the respondents were Ugandan origin and overall the respondents had low experience in performing computer functions. The findings gave a big view of the limited practical implication concerning the readiness to E-learning and Multimedia Technology adoption to support education and learning in schools in Uganda.
Keywords: RER theme_pedagogies and modalities; ⛔ No DOI found

Evaluating the Implementation Fidelity of Technology Immersion and its Relationship with Student Achievement - Shapley, Kelly S.; Sheehan, Daniel; Maloney, Catherine; Caranikas-Walker, Fanny (The Journal of Technology, Learning and Assessment, 2010)
In a pilot study of the Technology Immersion model, high-need middle schools were “immersed” in technology by providing a laptop for each student and teacher, wireless Internet access, curricular and assessment resources, professional development, and technical and pedagogical support. This article examines the fidelity of model implementation and associations between implementation indicators and student achievement. Results across three years for 21 immersion schools show that the average levels of school support for Technology Immersion and teachers’ Classroom Immersion increased slightly, while the level of Student Access and Use declined. Implementation quality varied across schools and classrooms, with a quarter or less of schools and core-content classrooms reaching substantial implementation. Using hierarchical linear modeling, we found that teacher-level implementation components (Immersion Support, Classroom Immersion) were inconsistent and mostly not statistically significant predictors of student achievement, whereas students’ use of laptops outside of school for homework and learning games was the strongest implementation mediator of achievement.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Evaluating the impact of technology-supported personalised learning interventions on the mathematics achievements of elementary students in India - Tailor, Kavita (2022)
Technology-supported personalised learning (TSPL) refers to the use of technology to personalise a learner’s experience by adjusting the pace and relevance of content based on the learner’s age, capability and prior knowledge (FitzGerald et al., 2018). Although technology has been epitomised in creating personalised and effective learning experiences for students, there are perennial debates on its role in enhancing quality, productivity and learning (Payal Arora, 2019; Zierer, 2019). This review explores the effectiveness of TSPL on the mathematics achievements of elementary students in India. This review argues that while evidence on using TSPL at scale to benefit all learners remains mixed and inconclusive, with continued iterative research, TSPL holds promise in serving learners’ needs irrespective of achievement level or socio-economic background. In doing so, this review outlines an agenda for future research to improve the efficiency, reach, and effectiveness of TSPL. This involves gaining a deeper understanding of whether TSPL works best as either a supplement or substitute in classrooms and the impacts of doing so in different quality schools. Mechanisms around how TSPL interventions can operate via low-tech mechanisms to better serve low-income communities and to advantage students of all learning abilities are also explored.
Keywords: India; education technology; elementary school; mathematics; personalised learning

Evaluating the impact of teacher professional development: an evidence-based framework - King, Fiona (Professional Development in Education, 2014)
Keywords: C:Ireland

Evaluating Teachers' Professional Development For ICT Use: Towards Innovative Classroom Practices - Agyei, D. D (International Journal of Education, 2015)
This paper describes an evaluation study designed to investigate the impact of an ICT-Instructional digital innovation in teaching Mathematics, English and Integrated Science subjects from the teacher capacity building professional development programme to classroom implementation at senior high school levels in Ghana. Interviews and survey data were used for data collection following a week professional development programme on the instructional digital learning training. The study demonstrated that the teachers increased in ICT proficiencies but this was limited to their own professional development and not so much of classroom implementation of ICT which results when transfer of learning takes place from training to practice. The study reported that teachers faced a complex mix of factors that when combined, contributed to challenges in transferring the ideas gained in the training programme to the classroom situation. It was evident from the findings that more systematic efforts are needed at the school levels and at the level of stakeholders who implement in-service teachers’ professional development programmes to move the goal of transforming teaching and learning through ICT-based innovations. Based on the outcomes, the study discussed recommendations to help smoothen the transition from teacher professional development programmes to actual classroom implementations in Ghanaian senior high schools and such similar contexts.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Evaluating system change: A planning guide - Hargreaves, Margaret B. (2010)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Evaluating Pre-Service Teaching Practice for Online and Distance Education Students in Pakistan: Evaluation of Teaching Practice - Ahmed Abdullah, Nauman; Sultana Mirza, Munawar (International review of research in open and distance learning, 2020)
In addition to conventional modes, teacher education programs in Pakistan are also offered through online and distance education. Teaching practice is a significant component of pre-service teacher education programs. Assessing the quality of teaching practice for pre-service student teachers is important, as these modules train the prospective teachers for their professional teaching careers. Virtual University of Pakistan (VU), an online university, offers pre-service teacher education programs. This research is an investigation into the learning opportunities and practices of VU student teachers in their teaching practice modules. Students enrolled in different teacher education programs served as the population of this study. Those in the fall 2018 semester who were enrolled in teaching practice modules were selected as a sample. Data sources included lesson plans prepared, lessons delivered, administrative and co-curricular duties performed by the students, as well as evaluation reports by supervisors, cooperating teachers, and school principals. There were improvements in the student teachers’ lesson plan formation and their overall learning. Data obtained through personal visits by VU faculty was used to verify and assess actual classroom teaching. Lack of regular attendance and punctuality by student teachers was observed as a result. Internal review of the VU system as it relates to the teaching practice modules was conducted to address any shortcomings in the course(s), its procedures, and its controls. Recommendations for improving the system, such as grading the modules, peer-assessment, and orientation workshops for student teachers are provided, as well as suggestions for developments in the teaching practice modules themselves.

Evaluating Mobile Survey Tools (MSTs) for Field-Level Monitoring and Data Collection: Development of a Novel Evaluation Framework, and Application to MSTs for Rural Water and Sanitation Monitoring - Fisher, Michael B.; Mann, Benjamin H.; Cronk, Ryan D.; Shields, Katherine F.; Klug, Tori L.; Ramaswamy, Rohit (International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2016)
Information and communications technologies (ICTs) such as mobile survey tools (MSTs) can facilitate field-level data collection to drive improvements in national and international development programs. MSTs allow users to gather and transmit field data in real time, standardize data storage and management, automate routine analyses, and visualize data. Dozens of diverse MST options are available, and users may struggle to select suitable options. We developed a systematic MST Evaluation Framework (EF), based on International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission (ISO/IEC) software quality modeling standards, to objectively assess MSTs and assist program implementers in identifying suitable MST options. The EF is applicable to MSTs for a broad variety of applications. We also conducted an MST user survey to elucidate needs and priorities of current MST users. Finally, the EF was used to assess seven MSTs currently used for water and sanitation monitoring, as a validation exercise. The results suggest that the EF is a promising method for evaluating MSTs.
Keywords: ICT; communications; data; evaluation; information; mobile; software; survey; technology; water

Evaluating large‐scale interactive radio programmes - Potter, Charles; Naidoo, Gordon (Distance Education, 2009)
This article focuses on the challenges involved in conducting evaluations of interactive radio programmes in South Africa with large numbers of schools, teachers, and learners. It focuses on the role such large‐scale evaluation has played during the South African radio learning programme’s development stage, as well as during its subsequent sustained implementation phase. The model evolved for evaluation of interactive radio instruction is based within the context of a shoestring/real‐world evaluation tradition, where funding for internal evaluation has been limited over the period of the programme’s development to scale, necessitating focused use of resources in a longitudinal evaluation design. The evaluation approach is participatory and multimethod, linking the requirements of external summative evaluation conducted for accountability, with data yielded by internal (formative and developmental) evaluation. This is done through internal and formative evaluative studies of limited scope, combined with developmental classroom‐based evaluation based on the logic of project team members working with teachers to promote the programme’s self‐evaluative capacity.
Keywords: distance education; interactive radio instruction; large‐scale implementation; modalities; pedagogy; programme evaluation; shoestring/real‐world evaluation

Evaluating an adaptive multi-user educational tool for low-resource environments - Brunskill, Emma; Garg, Sunil; Tseng, Clint; Pal, Joyojeet; Findlater, Leah (Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development, 2010)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Evaluacion de Impacto. Proyecto: Rompiendo Estereotipos, STEM es para chicas - Rodriguez, Lucina; Rivera, Antonella; Orjeda Fernandez, Gisella; Caillaux Icochea, Marcela; Quiroz Zafra, Sofia (2019)

European Framework for the Digital Competence of Educators: DigCompEdu - Redecker, Christine (Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2017)
The teaching professions face rapidly changing demands, which require a new, broader and more sophisticated set of competences than before. The...

eTransform Ghana Project Appraisal Document - World Bank (2013)

Ethiopia Growth and Transformation Plan II (GTP II) | Green Growth Knowledge Platform - Ethiopia National Planning Commission (Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, 2016)

Ethiopia Begins Reopening Schools to Fight Rising Rates of Child Marriage and Labor - Wuilbercq, Emeline (Global Citizen, 2020)
Ethiopia is working to identify children who have been forced into early marriage or child labor during the pandemic.

Ethics Kit | Methods & tools for ethics in the design process - Common Good; Co-Op Digital; Hyper Island; Open Data Institute; PLOT (2020)

Ethical Considerations When Using Geospatial Technologies for Evidence Generation - Berman, G; de la Rosa, S; Accone, T (UNICEF Office of Research- Innocenti, 2021)
Geospatial technologies have transformed the way we visualize and understand situations. They are used to acquire, manipulate, store and visualize geographical information, including information on where individuals, groups and infrastructure are loc

Ethical Considerations of Conducting Systematic Reviews in Educational Research - Suri, Harsh (Systematic Reviews in Educational Research: Methodology, Perspectives and Application, 2020)
Ethical considerations of conducting systematic reviews in educational research are not typically discussed explicitly. However, systematic reviews are frequently read and cited in documents that influence educational policy and practice. Hence, ethical issues associated with what and how systematic reviews are produced and used have serious implications. It becomes imperative for systematic reviewers to reflexively engage with a variety of ethical issues associated with potential conflicts of interest and issues of voice and representation. This chapter discusses how systematic reviewers can draw upon the philosophical traditions of consequentialism, deontology or virtue ethics to situate their ethical decision-making.

Ethical challenges of edtech, big data and personalized learning: twenty-first century student sorting and tracking - Regan, Priscilla M.; Jesse, Jolene (Ethics and Information Technology, 2019)
With the increase in the costs of providing education and concerns about financial responsibility, heightened consideration of accountability and results, elevated awareness of the range of teacher skills and student learning styles and needs, more focus is being placed on the promises offered by online software and educational technology. One of the most heavily marketed, exciting and controversial applications of edtech involves the varied educational programs to which different students are exposed based on how big data applications have evaluated their likely learning profiles. Characterized most often as ‘personalized learning,’ these programs raise a number of ethical concerns especially when used at the K-12 level. This paper analyzes the range of these ethical concerns arguing that characterizing them under the general rubric of ‘privacy’ oversimplifies the concerns and makes it too easy for advocates to dismiss or minimize them. Six distinct ethical concerns are identified: information privacy; anonymity; surveillance; autonomy; non-discrimination; and ownership of information. Particular attention is paid to whether personalized learning programs raise concerns similar to those raised about educational tracking in the 1950s. The paper closes with discussion of three themes that are important to consider in ethical and policy discussions.

Ethical Aspects of Faking Emotions in Chatbots and Social Robots - Indurkhya, Bipin (arXiv, 2023)
Telling lies and faking emotions is quite common in human-human interactions: though there are risks, in many situations such behaviours provide social benefits. In recent years, there have been many social robots and chatbots that fake emotions or behave deceptively with their users. In this paper, I present a few examples of such robots and chatbots, and analyze their ethical aspects. Three scenarios are presented where some kind of lying or deceptive behaviour might be justified. Then five approaches to deceptive behaviours - no deception, blatant deception, tactful deception, nudging, and self deception - are discussed and their implications are analyzed. I conclude by arguing that we need to develop localized and culture-specific solutions to incorporating deception in social robots and chatbots.
Keywords: Computer Science - Robotics; I.2.9

Eswatini Education Sector Analysis 2021 - World Bank (World Bank, 2021)
The current Education Sector Strategic Plan (ESSP) for 2010-2022 and the first and second National Education and Training Improvement Programs that operationalize the plan, were based on the comprehensive 2010 Education Sector Review (Marope, 2010, MoET, 2010, 2016, 2018b). As the current plan and program come to their end, this education sector analysis (ESA) was undertaken. In addition, complementary studies for the ECDE and TVET sub-sectors will be conducted separately to collect primary data to further help inform the development of the next ESSP. The ESA report examines the recent status of the education system to provide an evidence-based foundation for the Government’s preparation of its next ESSP and help guide the country more generally on the priority issues for the education sector looking forward. This executive summary begins with a brief description of the general context for education followed by an overview of recent achievements in education. The main part of the summary sets out the priority issues identified by the ESA report. The final section concludes with a discussion of selected policy options that may be considered looking ahead.
Keywords: Early Childhood Development; Early Childhood Education; Education Finance; Education Management; Education System; Labor Market; Primary Education; School Administration; Secondary Education; Skills Development; Student Achievement; Student Learning Assessment; Teacher Development; Teacher Recruitment; Teacher Training

Estimation of the fundamental learning loss and learning poverty related to COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico - Hevia, Felipe J.; Vergara-Lope, Samana; Velásquez-Durán, Anabel; Calderón, David (International Journal of Educational Development, 2022)
There is evidence of learning loss due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but there is no related information for Mexico. The objective of the study is to estimate learning loss in reading and numeracy in Mexico. We compared the results of two household surveys conducted in 2019 and 2021. We interviewed 3161 children between 10 and 15 years. We estimated a learning loss according with SES in a range from 0.34–0.45 SD in reading and 0.62–0.82 SD in mathematics by COVID-19 pandemic, and an increase in learning poverty in a range of 25.7%–15.4% in reading and 29.8%–28.8% in numeracy. Gaps in fundamental learning by gender and SES increased. There is an urgent need develop a clear strategy to perform personalized diagnoses and implement remedial courses to address learning loss. • Prolonged school closures have increased learning loss around the world. • In Mexico, we estimated a learning loss in a range from 0.34 to.045 SD in reading and 0.62-0.82 SD in numeracy. • According to SES, we found an increase in learning poverty in a range of 25.7%–15.4% in reading and 29.8%–28.8% in numeracy. • Gaps in fundamental learning by gender and SES increased. • We discussed the need to establish a strategy to address these lags through remedial courses that teach at the right level.
Keywords: Academic achievement; Educational equality; Learning assessment; Learning gap; Learning loss; Learning poverty

Estimation of the fundamental learning loss and learning poverty related to COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico - Hevia, Felipe J.; Vergara-Lope, Samana; Velásquez-Durán, Anabel; Calderón, David (International Journal of Educational Development, 2022)
There is evidence of learning loss due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but there is no related information for Mexico. The objective of the study is to estimate learning loss in reading and numeracy in Mexico. We compared the results of two household surveys conducted in 2019 and 2021. We interviewed 3161 children between 10 and 15 years. We estimated a learning loss according with SES in a range from 0.34–0.45 SD in reading and 0.62–0.82 SD in mathematics by COVID-19 pandemic, and an increase in learning poverty in a range of 25.7%–15.4% in reading and 29.8%–28.8% in numeracy. Gaps in fundamental learning by gender and SES increased. There is an urgent need develop a clear strategy to perform personalized diagnoses and implement remedial courses to address learning loss. • Prolonged school closures have increased learning loss around the world. • In Mexico, we estimated a learning loss in a range from 0.34 to.045 SD in reading and 0.62-0.82 SD in numeracy. • According to SES, we found an increase in learning poverty in a range of 25.7%–15.4% in reading and 29.8%–28.8% in numeracy. • Gaps in fundamental learning by gender and SES increased. • We discussed the need to establish a strategy to address these lags through remedial courses that teach at the right level.
Keywords: Academic achievement; Educational equality; Learning assessment; Learning gap; Learning loss; Learning poverty

Estimation of the fundamental learning loss and learning poverty related to COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico - Hevia, Felipe J.; Vergara-Lope, Samana; Velásquez-Durán, Anabel; Calderón, David (International Journal of Educational Development, 2022)
There is evidence of learning loss due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but there is no related information for Mexico. The objective of the study is to estimate learning loss in reading and numeracy in Mexico. We compared the results of two household surveys conducted in 2019 and 2021. We interviewed 3161 children between 10 and 15 years. We estimated a learning loss according with SES in a range from 0.34–0.45 SD in reading and 0.62–0.82 SD in mathematics by COVID-19 pandemic, and an increase in learning poverty in a range of 25.7%–15.4% in reading and 29.8%–28.8% in numeracy. Gaps in fundamental learning by gender and SES increased. There is an urgent need develop a clear strategy to perform personalized diagnoses and implement remedial courses to address learning loss.
Keywords: Academic achievement; Educational equality; Learning assessment; Learning gap; Learning loss; Learning poverty

Estimation of the fundamental learning loss and learning poverty related to COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico - Hevia, Felipe J.; Vergara-Lope, Samana; Velásquez-Durán, Anabel; Calderón, David (International Journal of Educational Development, 2022)
There is evidence of learning loss due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but there is no related information for Mexico. The objective of the study is to estimate learning loss in reading and numeracy in Mexico. We compared the results of two household surveys conducted in 2019 and 2021. We interviewed 3161 children between 10 and 15 years. We estimated a learning loss according with SES in a range from 0.34–0.45 SD in reading and 0.62–0.82 SD in mathematics by COVID-19 pandemic, and an increase in learning poverty in a range of 25.7%–15.4% in reading and 29.8%–28.8% in numeracy. Gaps in fundamental learning by gender and SES increased. There is an urgent need develop a clear strategy to perform personalized diagnoses and implement remedial courses to address learning loss.
Keywords: Academic achievement; Educational equality; Learning assessment; Learning gap; Learning loss; Learning poverty

Estimating the impact of language of instruction in South African primary schools: A fixed effects approach - Taylor, Stephen; von Fintel, Marisa (Economics of Education Review, 2016)
For many children around the world, access to higher education and the labour market depends on becoming fluent in a second language. In South Africa, the majority of children do not speak English as their first language but are required to undertake their final school-leaving examinations in English. Most schools offer mother-tongue instruction in the first three grades of school and then transition to English as the language of instruction in the fourth grade. Some schools use English as the language of instruction from the first grade. In recent years a number of schools have changed their policy, thus creating within-school, cross-grade variation in the language of instruction received in the early grades. Using longitudinal data from the population of South African primary schools and a fixed-effects approach, we find that mother tongue instruction in the early grades significantly improves English acquisition, as measured in grades 4, 5 and 6.
Keywords: Education; Fixed effects; Language of learning and teaching; South Africa

Establishing a Safe Container for Learning in Simulation: The Role of the Presimulation Briefing - Rudolph, Jenny W.; Raemer, Daniel B.; Simon, Robert (Simulation in Healthcare: The Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare, 2014)
Summary Statement In the absence of theoretical or empirical agreement on how to establish and maintain engagement in instructor-led health care simulation debriefings, we organize a set of promising practices we have identified in closely related fields and our own work. We argue that certain practices create a psychologically safe context for learning, a so-called safe container. Establishing a safe container, in turn, allows learners to engage actively in simulation plus debriefings despite possible disruptions to that engagement such as unrealistic aspects of the simulation, potential threats to their professional identity, or frank discussion of mistakes. Establishing a psychologically safe context includes the practices of (1) clarifying expectations, (2) establishing a “fiction contract” with participants, (3) attending to logistic details, and (4) declaring and enacting a commitment to respecting learners and concern for their psychological safety. As instructors collaborate with learners to perform these practices, consistency between what instructors say and do may also impact learners’ engagement.

ESSP Contract 2019: Example partnership contract - Government of Sindh (Government of Sindh, 2019)

eSkwela project - eSchool for out-of-school youths and adults, Philippines - Kamei, M (2010 International Conference on Technology for Education, 2010)
There are 774 million non-literates globally (UNESCO, 2009) and there is the acute problem of illiteracy grave in South Asian region. The paper discusses the implementation of eSkwela project as Alternative Learning System (ALS) in Philippines. The initiative responds directly to a national development priority to bring elearning opportunities and Information Communication Technology (ICT) for learning resources to mobile teachers / instructional managers and out-of-school learners in the Philippines. The paper assesses how the eSkwela project initiatives have provided opportunities for remote and elearning, blended learning and how Alternative Learning System (ALS) has been supported by innovative use of ICT for content development. It presents a macro view, case study of the strategic approach, design, challenges and successes faced by the eSkwela project which is still a work in progress. Rudiments in ICT for Education for citizens to attain the new-age literacy and lifelong learning opportunities are also evaluated.

eSkwela: ICT for alternative learning system - Tan, Maria Melizza (APEC ICT4D Expo, 2010)

Escasez de docentes en Latinoamérica: ¿Cómo se puede medir y que políticas están implementando los países para resolverlo? - Bertoni, Eleonora; Elacqua, Gregory; Marotta, Luana; Martínez, Matias; Méndez, Carolina; Montalva, Veronica; Olsen, Anne Sofie; Santos, Humberto; Soares, Sammara (Inter-American Development Bank, 2020)

Error rates of human reviewers during abstract screening in systematic reviews - Wang, Zhen; Nayfeh, Tarek; Tetzlaff, Jennifer; O’Blenis, Peter; Murad, Mohammad Hassan (PLOS ONE, 2020)
Background Automated approaches to improve the efficiency of systematic reviews are greatly needed. When testing any of these approaches, the criterion standard of comparison (gold standard) is usually human reviewers. Yet, human reviewers make errors in inclusion and exclusion of references. Objectives To determine citation false inclusion and false exclusion rates during abstract screening by pairs of independent reviewers. These rates can help in designing, testing and implementing automated approaches. Methods We identified all systematic reviews conducted between 2010 and 2017 by an evidence-based practice center in the United States. Eligible reviews had to follow standard systematic review procedures with dual independent screening of abstracts and full texts, in which citation inclusion by one reviewer prompted automatic inclusion through the next level of screening. Disagreements between reviewers during full text screening were reconciled via consensus or arbitration by a third reviewer. A false inclusion or exclusion was defined as a decision made by a single reviewer that was inconsistent with the final included list of studies. Results We analyzed a total of 139,467 citations that underwent 329,332 inclusion and exclusion decisions from 86 unique reviewers. The final systematic reviews included 5.48% of the potential references identified through bibliographic database search (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.38% to 8.58%). After abstract screening, the total error rate (false inclusion and false exclusion) was 10.76% (95% CI: 7.43% to 14.09%). Conclusions This study suggests important false inclusion and exclusion rates by human reviewers. When deciding the validity of a future automated study selection algorithm, it is important to keep in mind that the gold standard is not perfect and that achieving error rates similar to humans may be adequate and can save resources and time.
Keywords: Automation; Cardiovascular medicine; Citation analysis; Database searching; Health screening; Mental health and psychiatry; Primary care; Systematic reviews

Equivalent Years of Schooling: A Metric to Communicate Learning Gains in Concrete Terms - Evans, David K; Yuan, Fei (World Bank Policy Research, 2019)
In the past decade, hundreds of impact evaluation studies have measured the learning outcomes of education interventions in developing countries. The impact magnitudes are often reported in terms of "standard deviations," making them difficult to communicate to policy makers beyond education specialists. This paper proposes two approaches to demonstrate the effectiveness of learning interventions, one in "equivalent years of schooling" and another in the net present value of potential increased lifetime earnings. The results show that in a sample of low- and middle-income countries, one standard deviation gain in literacy skill is associated with between 4.7 and 6.8 additional years of schooling, depending on the estimation method. In other words, over the course of a business-as-usual school year, students learn between 0.15 and 0.21 standard deviation of literacy ability. Using that metric to translate the impact of interventions, a median structured pedagogy intervention increases learning by the equivalent of between 0.6 and 0.9 year of business-as-usual schooling. The results further show that even modest gains in standard deviations of learning -- if sustained over time -- may have sizeable impacts on individual earnings and poverty reduction, and that conversion into a non-education metric should help policy makers and non-specialists better understand the potential benefits of increased learning.
Keywords: Education; Impact Evaluation; Learning Outcomes; Lifetime Earnings; Net Present Value; Poverty Reduction; Years of Schooling; ___working_potential_duplicate

Equivalent Years of Schooling: A Metric to Communicate Learning Gains in Concrete Terms - Evans, David K.; Yuan, Fei (2019)
In the past decade, hundreds of impact evaluation studies have measured the learning outcomes of education interventions in developing countries. The impact magnitudes are often reported in terms of "standard deviations," making them difficult to communicate to policy makers beyond education specialists. This paper proposes two approaches to demonstrate the effectiveness of learning interventions, one in "equivalent years of schooling" and another in the net present value of potential increased lifetime earnings. The results show that in a sample of low- and middle-income countries, one standard deviation gain in literacy skill is associated with between 4.7 and 6.8 additional years of schooling, depending on the estimation method. In other words, over the course of a business-as-usual school year, students learn between 0.15 and 0.21 standard deviation of literacy ability. Using that metric to translate the impact of interventions, a median structured pedagogy intervention increases learning by the equivalent of between 0.6 and 0.9 year of business-as-usual schooling. The results further show that even modest gains in standard deviations of learning -- if sustained over time -- may have sizeable impacts on individual earnings and poverty reduction, and that conversion into a non-education metric should help policy makers and non-specialists better understand the potential benefits of increased learning.

Equity issues in Parental and Community involvement in schools: What teacher educators need to know - Barquedano-Lopez, Patricia; Alexander, Rebecca Anne; Hernandez, Sara (Review of Research in Education, 2013)

Equity-Focused Approaches to Learning Loss during COVID-19 - Mundy, Karen; Hares, Susannah (2020)
Even in the best-resourced and highest-performing education systems, most COVID responses in education will end up by privileging better-off children. In developing countries, where far fewer children have access to secondary education, and where learning opportunities are heavily defined by quality education in the early years, COVID presents an especially stark equity challenge.
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

Equity and Quality in an Education Public-Private Partnership: A study of the World Bank-supported PPP in Punjab, Pakistan - Afridi, Momina (Oxfam, 2018)

Equitable learning with ICT: study of an intervention at scale for underserved students in India - Chandran, M.G.; Sarangapani, P. (Comparative and International Education Society 65th Annual Meeting, 2021)

Equitable Access to Education for Children with Disabilities - Mishra, Anant (EdTechReview)
Assistive Technology (AT) broadly categorizes the physical tools that support children with disabilities. Assistive Technology devices range..

EQUIP-Tanzania Impact Evaluation. Final Baseline Technical Report, Volume I: Results and Discussion - Pettersson, Gunilla; Rawle, Georgina; Outhred, Rachel; Brockerhoff, Stephanie; Nugroho, Dita; Kveder, Andrej; Beavis, Adrian; Ruddle, Nicola; Jasper, Paul; Wills, Gabrielle (Oxford Policy Management, 2017)

EQUIP-Tanzania Impact Evaluation: Endline qualitative evaluation report - Ruddle, Nicola; Jagmag, Mehjabeen; Casey, Kelly; Medardi, Deogardius; Sutoris, Peter (Oxford Policy Management, 2020)

EQUIP-Tanzania impact evaluation - Ruddle, Nicola; Rawle, Georgina (Oxford Policy Management, 2020)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

equip Tanzania (2020)

Equalisation Fund Bill, 2022 | The Kenyan Parliament Website - Kenya Parliament

EPPI-Reviewer: systematic review software
Keywords: _Added-ailr-2024

EPPI-Reviewer

EPPI-Centre Guidelines for extracting data and quality assessing primary studies in educational research (EPPI-Centre, 2003)
Keywords: -FullBiblioUHMLgen; -GeneralCitations; publicImportV1

EPPI-Centre Core Keywording Strategy (EPPI-Centre, 2001)
Keywords: -FullBiblioUHMLgen; -GeneralCitations; publicImportV1

Epistemic mediation: Video data as filters for the objectification of teaching by teachers - Roth, Wolff-Michael (Video Research in the Learning Sciences, 2007)
Learning science researchers attempting to understand situated human practices traditionally have relied on ethnographic observation and field notes recorded after the events have occurred. However, as Jordan and Henderson articulated in the opening quote, they are faced with the gap between accounts of action and (situated) ac-tions themselves. The problem is heightened when learning science researchers become themselves participants in the setting under study. Thus, a number of learning science researchers-including Magdalene Lampert, Jim Minstrell, David Hammer, and myself-conducted research on cognition and instruction all the while teaching the lessons that are the focus of their studies. Furthermore, an increasing number of teachers continue their formal education and become learning science researchers and teach at elementary and secondary schools. Teacher-researchers are confronted with particular challenges arising from the fact that they are participants in rather than onlookers to the situation to be analyzed and theorized. They are interested rather than disinterested participants, and therefore have something at stake, which harbors particular dangers for the quality of the analyses of learning and instruction in their classrooms that accompany the analytic advantages that derive from their insider role (Roth & Tobin, 2002). Video, as the second quote shows, provides opportunities to teacher-researchers to see themselves and their experiences differently, even pertaining to their own actions. In the second quote, Christina described how watching herself on videotape allowed her notice that she was standing a lot next to the chalkboard even when it was not used during interactions with students. That is, by means of the video, she became aware of her own actions in a different way.

ePathshala | Learning On The Go - ePathshala (2020)

enuma - Enuma

Enuma - Enuma
The Best Learning Solution for Children Around the World

Entry, engagement and empowerment: Dilemmas for inclusive education in an Indian context. - Singal, N; Florian, L (The Sage Handbook of Special Education, 2013)

Ensuring excellence new standards for graduate teachers | NSW Government (2018)

Ensuring equal access to education in future crises: findings of the new Remote Learning Readiness Index - UNICEF (2021)

Enriching performance of mathematics in secondary schools using mobile learning - Ndume, Vitalis A; Songoro, Marietha; Kisanga, Dalton H (International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology (IJEDICT), 2020)
To date, there has been limited understanding of how mobile learning could positively motivate teaching and learning in secondary education in Tanzania. More precisely, such an understanding could contribute significantly towards rescuing the poor performance in Mathematics that has been a typical feature characterizing the subject in Tanzania over the years. This paper reports on a study that aimed at exploring the methodology that could be adopted in Mobile Learning in order to improve performance in Mathematics in secondary schools in Tanzania. A cohort research design which involved students and teachers sampled from 10 private and public secondary schools in Ilala Municipality in Dar es Salaam region, was conducted over a period of four months. Questionnaires and documentary review were used as the instruments of data collection. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Results showed that the majority of participants accept the concept of using Mobile learning in education. The results also indicate that the use of technology had no adverse impact on the culture. Moreover, preliminary results on the mobile learning model showed that students’ understanding of Mathematics considerably improved.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Enquete sur les TICS et l'éducation en Afrique - Farrell, Glen; Isaacs, Shafika (ICT and education, 2007)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Enlaces con la educación - MINEDUCYT (2020)

Enketo - LLC), Martijn van de Rijdt (Enketo
Enketo Open-Source Project for the ODK ecosystem: OpenRosa Enketo.

Enhancing the EdTech Ecosystem in a British Columbia School District - Chisholm, Suzanne J
Technology has brought significant opportunities to education, but they are largely being lost. In many cases, spending on educational technology (EdTech) has not resulted in improved student outcomes. This Organizational Improvement Plan (OIP) addresses the problem of practice (PoP) of a lack of a framework and supports for K-12 teachers to effectively utilize EdTech in classrooms in the Canadian province of British Columbia (BC). Using a BC school district as a case study, I propose strategies for how leaders can craft and implement a change plan to enhance an EdTech ecosystem that best supports teachers and learners. Establishing a framework for effective use of EdTech in schools is complex and multifaceted. Investments in technology must support best pedagogical practices, and leaders must create conditions that boost teachers’ Technological, Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK; Mishra & Koehler, 2006). Leaders must adapt to shifting power dynamics in which teachers have new roles as emergent leaders. Optimizing the impact of EdTech in education requires a confluence of three key factors: technology, pedagogy, and excellent leadership. The change process must be iterative, ongoing, stakeholder-driven, and system-wide. This OIP blends Appreciative Inquiry (Cooperrider, 1986) principles with servant leadership (Greenleaf, 1970) and incorporates the district’s existing approaches into a hybrid transformational leadership model. I explore a three-pronged solution of EdTech capacity building for teachers, an EdTech vetting system, and a supportive leadership framework. This aims to raise TPACK, optimize EdTech usage, support wise pedagogy, and improve student outcomes.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Enhancing teachers' ICT capacity for the 21st century learning environment: Three cases of teacher education in Korea - Kim, Hyeonjin; Choi, Hyungshin; Han, Jeonghye; So, Hyo-Jeong (Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 2012)

Enhancing social inclusion through innovative mobile learning in Uruguay: case study by the UNESCO-Fazheng project on best practices in mobile learning - UNESCO Biblioteca Digital - UNESCO (2018)

Enhancing peer interaction: an aspect of a high-quality learning environment in Finnish early childhood special education - Syrjämäki, Marja; Sajaniemi, Nina; Suhonen, Eira; Alijoki, Alisa; Nislin, Mari (European Journal of Special Needs Education, 2017)

Enhancing Liberia Teacher Education Project through ICT Pedagogy - UNESCO (2017)

Enhancing early numeracy skills with a tablet-based math game intervention: a study in Tanzania - Lee, Hye Kyung; Choi, Ahram (Educational Technology Research and Development, 2020)
The study presents results of a tablet-based math game intervention to enhance early numeracy skills of children in Tanzania. Standard level 1 children (n = 122), attending a rural primary school, were randomly allocated to either intervention or control group. The intervention group participated in a daily intervention session for 46 days. Children’s performances in number identification, quantity discrimination, addition, subtraction, and missing number tasks were measured before and after the intervention with randomly selected children from both groups (treatment = 30, control = 31). Score gains in the intervention group were substantially greater than those in the control group. In particular, statistically significant effects of the intervention were identified in quantity discrimination, addition, and subtraction tasks. Item-level analyses using Item Response Theory showed that addition and subtraction items involving regrouping and most missing number items were too difficult even after the intervention. The study also identified which games were played the most or least during the sessions from play-log data and analyzed associations between children’s test performances and gameplays.

Enhancement of Science Performance through Computer Assisted Instruction among Selected Secondary School Learners in Kenya | Dr. Samuel N Jesse - Academia.edu - Jesse, Samuel (2014)

Enhanced STEM learning with Online Labs: Empirical study comparing physical labs, tablets and desktops - Nedungadi, Prema; Raman, Raghu; McGregor, Mark (IEEE, 2013)

English Language Teaching in Mauritius: A Need for clarity of vision regarding English Language Policy - Mahadeo, Satish Kumar (The International Journal of Language, Society and Culture, 2006)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

English language teaching in Bangladesh today: Issues, outcomes and implications - Rahman, Mohammad Mosiur; Islam, Md Shaiful; Karim, Abdul; Chowdhury, Takad Ahmed; Rahman, Muhammad Mushfiqur; Seraj, Prodhan Mahbub Ibna; Singh, Manjet Kaur Mehar (Language Testing in Asia, 2019)
Given the significance of English in the global world, English language teaching in Bangladesh has become subject to a supreme concern in maintaining economic growth and developing a skilled workforce. In this article, several barriers have been discussed based on a critical analysis of published materials. This review article covers several key issues such as the status of English in the country; English in education policies; factors affecting the implementation of communicative language teaching curriculum, method, and materials in Bangladesh; validity of the current assessment and its washback effect on English language teaching in Bangladesh; and current situation of teachers’ professional development. The article concluded with language policy and planning implications for policymakers, curriculum and material developers, public exams’ test-setters, and future English teacher training programmes, keeping the overall development of ELT in Bangladesh in mind.

English Language Classroom Practices: Bangladeshi Primary School Children’s Perceptions - Shrestha, P (RELC Journal, 2013)
English language teaching (ELT) has been investigated from various angles including how English language teachers perceive what happens in an ELT classroom. How primary school English language learners perceive their experiences of ELT is rarely reported in the published literature, particularly from developing countries such as Bangladesh. This article reports on a study that examined Bangladeshi primary school learners’ experience of English language classroom practices in which technology-enhanced communicative language teaching activities were promoted through a project called English in Action (EIA). EIA is a large-scale 9-year long international English language development project in Bangladesh, funded by the UK government. A semi-structured group interview was conducted with 600 Grade 3 students from different regions of Bangladesh. The findings showed that the learners found communicative language learning activities such as dialogue and role play more effective than translation and memorizing grammar rules for learning English, although they enjoyed reciting and drills. The results also showed that these learners’ English teachers tended to mix both traditional and communicative approaches in their lessons. The paper critiques EIA and argues that any major language development project needs to consider the local context and learners’ views on language learning for its success.

English in action: school based teacher development in Bangladesh - Power, Tom; Shaheen, Robina; Solly, Mike; Woodward, Clare; Burton, Sonia (The Curriculum Journal, 2012)
Keywords: C:Bangladesh

English in action: school based teacher development in Bangladesh - Power, Tom; Shaheen, Robina; Solly, Mike; Woodward, Clare; Burton, Sonia (The Curriculum Journal, 2012)
Keywords: C:Bangladesh

English in action: school based teacher development in Bangladesh - Power, Tom; Shaheen, Robina; Solly, Mike; Woodward, Clare; Burton, Sonia (The Curriculum Journal, 2012)
In the Least Economically Developed Countries (LEDCs), School Based Teacher Development (SBTD) is sometimes advocated as a potential mechanism for improving the classroom practices experienced by millions of children in a complete school system, as quickly as possible. Robust evidence is required for approaches to be implemented with some confidence by Government development agencies, such as the UK Department for International Development (DFID). SBTD has a long history stemming from ideas of school-based curriculum development, which underlay the ideas on teacher-as-researcher, and is typically advocated in the developed world based on a view of the teacher as a professional. How might such notions play out, and to what effect, in LEDC contexts? This article examines the issues at stake in introducing SBTD in LEDCs, by examining: the nature of the evidence for various forms of teacher development, the nature of SBTD in particular and the evidence for its effectiveness. The latter issues will be illustrated through examination of English in Action (EIA, www.eiabd.com), a large-scale SBTD programme for primary and secondary English language (EL) teachers serving government schools across Bangladesh.
Keywords: Bangladesh; English in Action; School Based Teacher Development; technologies

English in Action: a new approach to continuing professional development through the use of mediated video, peer support and low-cost mobilephones in Bangladesh - Woodward, Clare; Griffiths, Malcolm; Solly, Mike (Innovations In The Continuing Professional Development Of English Language Teachers, 2014)
Keywords: C:Bangladesh

Engaging with equity: insights from our first sandbox meetup - Rahman, Asad (EdTech Hub, 2020)
Talented, committed innovators are working with EdTech all over the world to make sure children continue learning amidst the school closures caused by Covid-19.  At the EdTech Hub, we are lucky to work with six such initiatives in Sandboxes. From experimenting with telephone helplines in Afghanistan to testing Whatsapp in refugee camps in Lebanon, to working with an advocacy campaign…
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _zenodoETH

Engaging Teachers with Technology Increased Achievement, Bypassing Teachers Did Not - Beg, Sabrin A.; Lucas, Adrienne M.; Halim, Waqas; Saif, Umar (NBER Working Papers, 2019)
Founded in 1920, the NBER is a private, non-profit, non-partisan organization dedicated to conducting economic research and to disseminating research findings among academics, public policy makers, and business professionals.
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

Engaging in Pakistan’s EdTech Ecosystem: A strategy for UNICEF's engagement in the technology-facilitated learning arena in Pakistan - EdTech Hub Team (EdTech Hub, 2022)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Keywords: _r:AddedByZotZen

Engaging in and engaging with research: teacher inquiry and development - Hall, Elaine (Teachers and Teaching, 2009)

Engaging Girls with E-Learning: A curated list of good practices - AlSheikh Theeb, Thaer (EdTech Hub, 2022)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Keywords: Helpdesk Response; _r:AddedByZotZen

Engagement Strategy For UNICEF Pakistan (EdTech Hub, 2022)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Keywords: _r:AddedByZotZen

Eneza Education website - Eneza Education (Eneza Education, 2020)
Eneza Education is an ed-tech company that provides curriculum aligned revision material in all subjects for primary and secondary learners on any device. Our virtual tutor provides access to curriculum-aligned ... Read More

Enem 2021: Geekie Teste cobre 100% dos assuntos de Matemática e 93% de Ciências da Natureza - Geekie (Geekie, 2021)
Veja como continuar suas aulas com o apoio do Geekie One Nós somos a Geekie! Apoiamos escolas de todo o Brasil...

Endline Evaluation Report Step Change Window - Coffey International (Coffey International Development LTD, 2017)

Endline Evaluation Report - IMC Worldwide (Every Adolescent Girl Empowered and Resilient (EAGER) project within the Girls’ Education Challenge (GEC) - Leave No Girl Behind project (LNGB), 2022)

Ending Learning Poverty: What will it take? - World Bank (2019)

End education crisis in Northern Kenya - The Standard - Guleid, Mohamed (2021)

Encyclopedia of language and education, volume 8: Research methods in language and education - Hornberger, N.H.; Corson, D. (Kluwer Academic, 2008)

Encuesta para la Medición del Impacto COVID-19 en la Educación (ECOVID-ED) 2020 - INEGI (2021)

Encryption, Privacy and Children’s Right to Protection from Harm - Kardefelt-Winther, Daniel; Day, Emma; Berman; Witting, Sabine K.; Bose, Anjan (UNICEF Office of Research - Innocenti, 2020)

Encouraging Community Action Against Teacher Absenteeism: A Mass Media Experiment in Rural Uganda - Wilke, Anna M.; Green, Donald P.; Tan, Benjamin (The Journal of Development Studies, 2021)
Chronic teacher absenteeism is widespread in Uganda, with approximately one-third of public school teachers absent on any given day. Absenteeism and other problems that arise in Uganda’s public education system are often attributed to a lack of public oversight and parental involvement. In an effort to develop a scalable method of encouraging community engagement on this issue, the present study assesses the extent to which entertainment-education videos increase willingness among Ugandans to take action against absenteeism. Working in collaboration with Ugandan screenwriters and local actors, we developed video dramatisations that depicted the problem of absenteeism and how parents mobilised to address it. We assess the persuasive effects of these dramatisations both under lab-like conditions, to gauge immediate effects, and in the field, to gauge effects two months and eight months after a placebo-controlled media campaign attended by over 10,000 Ugandans in 112 villages. Although the persuasive effects are weaker in the field than the lab setting, the former remain substantial even after eight months. The demonstrated ability of entertainment-education to change public views on this issue sets the stage for policy experiments that test whether entertainment-education campaigns have downstream effects on absenteeism and public school performance more generally.
Keywords: Africa; access to education; education quality

Enabling Education Network

Empowerment through ICT education, access and use: A gender analysis of Muslim youth in India - Khan, Farida; Ghadially, Rehana (Journal of International Development, 2010)
Keywords: Equity through Access