Barriers to Investing in Last-Mile Connectivity - USAID (2020)

Barriers and supports for technology integration: Views from Teachers - Burns, M (Global Education Monitoring Report)

Bangladeshi children share experiences of remote learning and the challenges they face - Chowdhury, Iftikhar Ahmed (UNICEF, 2020)
Students call for safe reopening of schools to prevent further disruption to their education

Bangladesh: Using open school data to improve transparency and accountability - Roy, Dipu; Miah, Abu Said Juel (2018)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Bangladesh - Third Primary Education Development Program (English) - World Bank Group (2018)

Bangladesh Tertiary Education Sector Review - Rahman, T; Nakata, S; Nagashima, Y; Rahman, M; Sharma, U; Rahman, M.A. (Skills and Innovation for Growth, 2019)

Bangladesh - Quality Learning for All Program for Results : Environmental and social system assessment (English) - World Bank (2018)
Bangladesh - Quality Learning for All Program for Results : Environmental and social system assessment (English)

Bangladesh Primary Education Annual Sector Performance Report (ASPR) 2019 - Directorate of Primary Education (2019)

Bangladesh Primary Education Annual Sector Performance Report 2019 - Directorate of Primary Education (2019)

Bangladesh Population (2021) - Worldometer (2021)
Population of Bangladesh: current, historical, and projected population, growth rate, immigration, median age, total fertility rate (TFR), population density, urbanization, urban population, country's share of world population, and global rank. Data tables, maps, charts, and live population clock

Bangladesh - Overview - World Bank (World Bank, 2021)
The International Development Association (IDA) has supported Bangladesh since 1972, just after the country’s independence. Since then, the World Bank through its concessional lending arm has committed nearly $26 billion in grants and interest-free credits to Bangladesh.

Bangladesh National ICT Household Survey: report and overview of main results 2018-2019 - Alliance for Affordable Internet; A2I Programme

Bangladesh GNI per capita 1973-2021 - Macrotrends
GNI per capita (formerly GNP per capita) is the gross national income, converted to U.S. dollars using the World Bank Atlas method, divided by the midyear population. GNI is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates for comparisons across economies, although an alternative rate is used when the official exchange rate is judged to diverge by an exceptionally large margin from the rate actually applied in international transactions. To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates, a special Atlas method of conversion is used by the World Bank. This applies a conversion factor that averages the exchange rate for a given year and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences in rates of inflation between the country, and through 2000, the G-5 countries (France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States). From 2001, these countries include the Euro area, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

Bangladesh: flexible learning for slum dwelling children - Children on the Edge (Children on the Edge)
Together with our partner MUKTI, we support nine Community Schools specifically set up to help working children in the Cox’s Bazar beach area.

Bangladesh: ensuring education for all Bangladeshis - World Bank (World Bank, 2016)
Bangladesh has made remarkable gains over the past two decades by ensuring access to education, especially at the primary level and for girls. The country’s net enrollment rate at the primary school level increased from 80 percent in 2000 to 98 percent in 2015.
Keywords: Asia; South Asia

Bangladesh Engaging the Private Sector in Education: SABER Country Report 2016 - World Bank Group (World Bank, 2016)

Bangladesh educational assessment: pre-primary and primary Madrasah education in Bangladesh - Abdalla, Amr; Raisuddin, A. N. M.; Hussein, Suieiman (Basic Education and Policy Support (BEPS) Activity, United States Agency for International Development, 2004)

Bangladesh Education Sector Public Expenditure Review - Bhatta, Saurav Dev; Genoni, Maria Eugenia; Sharma, Uttam; Khaltarkhuu, Buyant Erdene; Maratou-Kolias, Laura; Asaduzzaman, T. M. (World Bank, 2019)
Adequate investment in human capital development is critical for enabling Bangladesh to reach its goal of becoming an upper middle-income country. Bangladesh, currently a lower-middle country with an annual per capita gross national income (GNI) of USD 1,470 (WDI 2019), aims to attain upper-middle income status by 2021 and eliminate poverty by 2030. Recognizing the importance of investing in education for building its human capital base, the government of Bangladesh (GoB) has been allocating a large portion of the national budget to the education sector each year during the past two decades. Effective utilization and equitable distribution of allocated public spending is important for ensuring adequate progress in education outcomes. This report analyzes major spending and outcomes trends in the overall education sector in recent years, with a focus on primary and secondary education. Responding to the recommendation of the 2015 Bangladesh Public Expenditure Review Update for more analytical work on public spending in different sectors, including education, the current study analyzes the trends in major education expenditures, access to education, quality of education, and disparities in education outcomes in the past two decades. It also looks at the composition of education expenditure, consistency between budget allocations and actual expenditures, equity in education spending, and potential links between spending and key educational outcomes. Because of data limitations, this report focuses mainly on primary and secondary education. It is expected that this analysis will add to the literature on investments in the Bangladesh education sector and inform discussions on identifying policy priorities and making resource allocation decisions in the sector.
Keywords: Education Budget; Education Expenditure; Education Outcomes; Equity in Education; Public Expenditure Review

Bangladesh Education Sector Analysis - GPE (2020)

Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017-2018: key indicators - NIPORT; ICF (National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT) and ICF, 2019)

Bangladesh Data - World Bank

Bangladesh - COVID 19 School Sector Response Project (English) - World Bank (2020)

Bangladesh Back-to-School Campaign - Kaye, Tom; Chuang, Rachel; Moss Coflan, Caitlin; Haßler, Björn (EdTech Hub, 2020)
The EdTech Hub received a request from the FCDO Bangladesh team to provide a topic brief identifying best practices from previous back-to-school campaigns following disruptions. Key themes of effective school re-openings are examined in the context of modalities used to deliver distance learning (e.g., radio, television).
Keywords: C:Bangladesh; COV:COVID and reopening of schools; E:Pedagogy; E:Teacher education (pre-service and in-service); F: Helpdesk response; LP: English; _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _GS:indexed; _MELA_seen; _cover:v1; _r:CopiedFromEvLib; _yl:g; _zenodo:submitted; _zenodoETH; _zenodoODE; dode_eth-src-eth; dode_eth-trf2-dode

Bangladesh - Additional Financing to the Second Reaching Out-of-School Children Project : Learning Opportunities for Displaced Rohingya Children - World Bank Group (2019)

Bangladesh - World Inequality Database (WID - World Inequality Database, 2021)
Bangladesh The source for global inequality data. Open access, high quality wealth and income inequality data developed by an international academic consortium.

Bandarban Sandbox: Needs assessment and hypothesis development - Tanweer, Rabia; Nashtaran, Trishia; Plaut, Daniel; Rahman, Asad; Ahmed, Shakil; Chowdhury, Dilruba; Rabbi, BM Fazley; Hoque, Rashedul; Nahar, Nurun; Afroze, Sadia (EdTech Hub, 2022)
The Covid-19 pandemic has catalysed the need for technology-enhanced education globally. This is no different in Bangladesh, where the Education Section of the UNICEF Bangladesh Country Office is seeking a better understanding of the role and potential of EdTech to improve numeracy skills among the most marginalised learners, working closely with the government and EdTech Hub to identify how EdTech can best be harnessed to support learning in Bangladesh. This partnership uses the sandbox approach — which provides a space for partners to test and grow ideas in conditions of uncertainty — to test how EdTech modalities that aim to improve numeracy outcomes for Grade 6 learners (early secondary) in Bandarban, one of the most remote areas of Bangladesh, can be used most effectively by learners and educators. This report outlines the process and findings from the needs assessment and hypothesis development phase. These findings (as well as the data collection which informs them) are organised around five research questions developed by EdTech Hub in partnership with Agami Education Foundation, the implementing agency for the sandbox. The findings of the research were distributed in themes that outlined the availability and utilisation of technology and a valid level of knowledge and interest in teachers and students towards using technology for education. While some findings shed light on the technical aspects of the context, some human factors also played a role in resisting the acceptance of technology in education. Building on the learning from this needs assessment phase, Agami Education Foundation and EdTech Hub have agreed to test this implementation plan in the upcoming staggered deployment phase. Keywords: EdTech; sandbox; numeracy; Bandarban; Bangladesh; UNICEF An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Keywords: _r:AddedByZotZen

Balochistan : Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) Performance Assessment Report - World Bank (2018)
Balochistan : Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) Performance Assessment Report (English)

Balochistan Education Sector Plan: 2020-2025 - Government of Balochistan (2020)

Balloons to Deliver Emergency Internet Across Kenya - Alison, Buckholtz (2020)
Telkom Kenya-Loon partnership will result in country-wide 4G connectivity during pandemic, boosting government services.

Balancing the One-To-One Equation: Equity and Access in Three Laptop Programs - Warschauer, Mark; Zheng, Binbin; Niiya, Melissa; Cotten, Shelia; Farkas, George (Equity & Excellence in Education, 2014)

BAG - BAG Innovation Ltd (2019)

Background paper for the Inclusion and Education: Role of non-government organisations as providers of and advocates for inclusive education - Singal, N (Global Education Monitoring Report, 2020)

Background information on education statistics in the UIS database - UNESCO (UNESCO Institute of Statistics, 2021)

Back to the Basics: Curriculum Reform and Student Learning in Tanzania - Rodriguez-Segura, Daniel; Mbiti, Isaac (Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), 2022)
In 2015, the Tanzanian government implemented a curriculum reform that focused instruction in Grades 1 and 2 on the “3Rs”—reading, writing, and arithmetic. Consequently, almost 80 percent of the instructional time in these grades was mandated towards foundational literacy in Kiswahili and numeracy skills. Other subjects such as English were no longer taught. Using student-level panel data, we evaluate the effect of this policy on learning outcomes using a difference-in-differences approach which leverages the variation in the timing of implementation across grade levels and cohorts impacted by the policy. We find that the policy increased learning by around 0.20 standard deviations in Kiswahili and math test scores one year after the start of the reform. Timely teacher training on the new curriculum was associated with even larger effects. Evaluating longer term outcomes, we find suggestive evidence that the reform decreased the dropout rate of children up to four years later. However, this was also accompanied with lower average passing rates in the national Grade 4 examination due to compositional changes as low-performing students became less likely to dropout.

Back to school with telepresence robot technology: A qualitative pilot study about how telepresence robots help school-aged children and adolescents with cancer to remain socially and academically connected with their school classes during treatment - Weibel, Mette; Nielsen, Martin Kaj Fridh; Topperzer, Martha Krogh; Hammer, Nanna Maria; Møller, Sarah Wagn; Schmiegelow, Kjeld; Bækgaard Larsen, Hanne (Nursing Open, 2020)
Aim: To explore how an AV1 telepresence robot helps school-aged children and adolescents with cancer to remain socially and academically connected with their school classes during cancer treatment. Design: Qualitative pilot study. Methods: Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with school-aged children and adolescents (N = 3, 12–14 years) diagnosed with cancer, their parents (N = 3), teachers (N = 2), classmates (12–14 years, N = 15, focus group interviews) and healthcare professionals (N = 4). Participant observation was performed in the child or adolescents' homes and in the classrooms during education participation via an AV1 telepresence robot. Results: Five themes emerged: expectations, sociality, learning, spatiality and technology. Participants experienced the robots as facilitating social interaction processes with classmates and inclusion in learning activities, reducing their sense of loneliness and lacking behind educationally. Nevertheless, multiple factors determine whether the robot is perceived as exclusive, including the technical functionality of the robot, spatiality in the classroom and mutual expectations of the parties involved.
Keywords: cancer; childhood illness; education; school nursing; technology

Back to school: Preparing and managing the reopening of schools - UNESCO (2020)

Back to school in Democratic Republic of Congo after COVID-19 state of emergency ends - Ging, John Paul (Africanews, 2020)

Back-to-School Campaigns Following Disruptions to Education - Chuang, Rachel; Kaye, Tom; Moss Coflan, Caitlin; Haßler, Björn (EdTech Hub, 2020)
This EdTech Hub Helpdesk response focuses on back-to-school campaigns following disruptions to education, ensuring that children rapidly return to school as soon as it is safe and practical. Key themes of effective school re-openings are examined in the context of modalities used to deliver distance learning (e.g., radio, television).
Keywords: COV:COVID and reopening of schools; F: Helpdesk response; LP: English; _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _MELA_seen; _cover:v1; _zenodo:submitted; _zenodoETH; dode_eth-src-eth; dode_eth-trf2-dode

Back to school - but classes are empty because of Ebola fears in DRC - Tounsi, Samir (Theirworld, 2020)
In villages near the centre of an outbreak, families are keeping their children at home - even though teachers know how to protect them.

Back to School After the Ebola Outbreak (2015)
Back to School After the Ebola Outbreak

Back to school 2020-2021 - UNICEF (UNICEF, 2020)
UNICEF supports children's return to school in a safe and protective environment

Awareness and use of a mobile phone as a potential pedagogical tool among secondary school teachers in Tanzania - Mfaume, Hamisi (International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology (IJEDICT), 2019)
The government of Tanzania through its ICT Policy for Basic Education, has indicated a commitment to use of mobile phones among other ICTs, as a strategy to enhance the quality of education. It is from this fact that this study determined teachers’ awareness of the educational benefits of the device, their use and barriers towards their educational use. The study was qualitative in nature, using a sample of twenty one (21) teachers who were purposefully selected from three secondary schools. Data were sought through semi-structured interviews and were thematically analysed. The findings revealed that teachers are well informed of the benefits, but they hardly utilize it for educational purposes. Lack of knowledge and skills, a negative attitude, lack of awareness of the ICT policy, age and low motivation emerged as key barriers. In light of the findings, the study concluded that the government’s commitment to integrate the device in the promotion of quality education has not yet moved beyond policy statements. Thus, a concerted effort is needed to train teachers on pedagogical utilization of the device.
Keywords: Bali; Bangkok Thailand; Cellular telephones; Education; Educational technology; Japan; Learning; Pedagogy; Secondary school teachers; Students; Tanzania; Teaching; United Kingdom--UK; United States--US; __:import:01; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2096774; __finaldtb; ⛔ No DOI found

Averting an Education Catastrophe for the World’s Children - Save Our Future (Save Our Future, 2020)
Education faces a triple threat: 90% of children in the world have had their education interrupted due to COVID-19. This...

Availability of Resource Materials and Facilities for ICT Integration in the Public Primary School Curriculum in Kitui County, Kenya - Mwendwa, Nzwili K. (2017)
Throughout the world, the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) is changing the face of education. This paper is a report of a study that was carried out in the months of May and June 2016 on the availability of resources and facilities for ICT integration in the public primary school curriculum in Kitui County in Kenya. The research purpose and objective of the study was: To find out the availability of resources and facilities for ICT integration in the public primary school curriculum in Kitui County. This study was guided by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). It was informed by the pragmatic philosophy and the Mixed Method (MM) research approach. Data was collected from 388 public primary schools in Kitui County selected through stratified and simple random sampling methods. A total of 388 head teachers and 776 teachers participated in the study giving a total of 1114 respondents. The research instruments used were questionnaires for teachers, interview schedules for head teachers and observation checklists. The data collected was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The findings revealed that most of the schools were connected to electricity but lacked ICT resources such as desk computers, whiteboards, CD-ROMs and anti-viruses. Laptops were available in some of the schools but were not being used by teachers in direct instruction. They were mainly used in the storage of school records, teacher plans, examination questions and for examination registration exercises. Another finding was lack of internet connectivity in most of the schools that affected ICT integration in the curriculum. The study recommended that the education stakeholders and the government should partner in provision of ICT resources and facilities to facilitate integration of ICT in schools. It is hoped that this study will be useful in education policy making on ICT integration in schools in Kenya and other parts of the world.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Autorité de Régulation des Télécommunications et des Postes - ARTP SENEGAL

Automation tools in EPPI-Reviewer
Keywords: _Added-ailr-2024

Automation of systematic literature reviews: A systematic literature review - van Dinter, Raymon; Tekinerdogan, Bedir; Catal, Cagatay (Information and Software Technology, 2021)
Context Systematic Literature Review (SLR) studies aim to identify relevant primary papers, extract the required data, analyze, and synthesize results to gain further and broader insight into the investigated domain. Multiple SLR studies have been conducted in several domains, such as software engineering, medicine, and pharmacy. Conducting an SLR is a time-consuming, laborious, and costly effort. As such, several researchers developed different techniques to automate the SLR process. However, a systematic overview of the current state-of-the-art in SLR automation seems to be lacking. Objective This study aims to collect and synthesize the studies that focus on the automation of SLR to pave the way for further research. Method A systematic literature review is conducted on published primary studies on the automation of SLR studies, in which 41 primary studies have been analyzed. Results This SLR identifies the objectives of automation studies, application domains, automated steps of the SLR, automation techniques, and challenges and solution directions. Conclusion According to our study, the leading automated step is the Selection of Primary Studies. Although many studies have provided automation approaches for systematic literature reviews, no study has been found to apply automation techniques in the planning and reporting phase. Further research is needed to support the automation of the other activities of the SLR process.
Keywords: Automation; Machine learning; Natural language processing; Review; Systematic literature review (SLR); Text mining; _Added-ailr-2024

Automating data extraction in systematic reviews: a systematic review - Jonnalagadda, Siddhartha R.; Goyal, Pawan; Huffman, Mark D. (Systematic Reviews, 2015)
Automation of the parts of systematic review process, specifically the data extraction step, may be an important strategy to reduce the time necessary to complete a systematic review. However, the state of the science of automatically extracting data elements from full texts has not been well described. This paper performs a systematic review of published and unpublished methods to automate data extraction for systematic reviews.
Keywords: Conditional Random Field; Data Element; PubMed Abstract; Support Vector Machine; Systematic Review Process; _Added-ailr-2024

Automated teller machines (ATMs) (per 100,000 adults) - Sierra Leone - World Bank (2012)

Automated Knowledge Extraction from IS Research Articles Combining Sentence Classification and Ontological Annotation - Huettemann, Sebastian (2023)
Keywords: _Added-ailr-2024; ⛔ No DOI found

Autism screening and diagnosis in low resource settings: Challenges and opportunities to enhance research and services worldwide - Durkin, Maureen S.; Elsabbagh, Mayada; Barbaro, Josephine; Gladstone, Melissa; Happe, Francesca; Hoekstra, Rosa A.; Lee, Li-Ching; Rattazzi, Alexia; Stapel-Wax, Jennifer; Stone, Wendy L.; Tager-Flusberg, Helen; Thurm, Audrey; et al. (Autism Research: Official Journal of the International Society for Autism Research, 2015)
Most research into the epidemiology, etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of autism is based on studies in high income countries. Moreover, within high income countries, individuals of high socioeconomic status are disproportionately represented among participants in autism research. Corresponding disparities in access to autism screening, diagnosis, and treatment exist globally. One of the barriers perpetuating this imbalance is the high cost of proprietary tools for diagnosing autism and for delivering evidence-based therapies. Another barrier is the high cost of training of professionals and para-professionals to use the tools. Open-source and open access models provide a way to facilitate global collaboration and training. Using these models and technologies, the autism scientific community and clinicians worldwide should be able to work more effectively and efficiently than they have to date to address the global imbalance in autism knowledge and at the same time advance our understanding of autism and our ability to deliver cost-effective services to everyone in need.
Keywords: Autistic Disorder; Developing Countries; Global Health; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Internationality; Research; diagnosis; early detection; epidemiology; intervention

Australia-Indonesia for Pro-Poor Policy: the Knowledge Sector Initiative - Australian Agency for International Development (Australian Agency for International Development, 2012)

Audio Now!: Responding to COVID-19 - Education Development Center (2020)

Audio Lessons Through Radio for Primary Education Set for Launch -With Support from UNESCO CapED Programme for COVID-19 Educational Response for Bangladesh - UNESCO (UNESCO, 2020)

Audio-described educational materials: Ugandan teachers' experiences - Wormnaes, Siri; Sellaeg, Nina (British Journal of Visual Impairment, 2013)
This article describes and discusses a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory study of how 12 visually impaired teachers in Uganda experienced audio-described educational video material for teachers and student teachers. The study is based upon interviews with these teachers and observations while they were using the material either individually, in pairs, or in small groups along with sighted teachers. The findings demonstrate that audio-described material was highly appreciated by the teachers, contributing to their involvement and emotional engagement with the situation for learners with disabilities. The teachers also benefited from the opportunity of participating in the discussion sessions that followed the viewing. In this article, questions regarding what and how to audio describe are discussed in the light of educational objectives and cultural relevance. The overall aim of the study is to make a contribution to knowledge about how audio-described educational videos may assist inclusive and reflective learning processes among blind teachers and student teachers in an East African context. (Contains 1 note.)
Keywords: Access to Education; Audio description; Cultural Relevance; Culturally Relevant Education; ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE); Educational Objectives; Foreign Countries; Higher Education; Inclusion; Instructional Materials; Interviews; Learning Processes; Postsecondary Education; Qualitative Research; Reflection; Student Teachers; Teacher Attitudes; Teacher Education; Teachers; Uganda; Video Technology; Visual Impairments; __:import:01; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2098573; __finaldtb; blind universal design; educational material accessible media; teacher training

Attitudes of special education teachers towards using technology in inclusive classrooms: a mixed-methods study - Mohamed, Ahmed Hassan Hemdan (Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 2018)
The purpose of this mixed-methods study was to explore special education teachers’ attitudes towards using technology in inclusive classrooms in Oman. The sample consisted of 428 special education teachers working in Omani public schools (250 teachers of students with learning disabilities (LD), 90 teachers of students with intellectual disability and 88 teachers of students with hearing impairment). Participants responded to the attitudes towards computers questionnaire. For the qualitative section of this study, three semi-structured group interviews were conducted with a group of special education teachers: 15 teachers of students with hearing impairment, 15 teachers of students with intellectual disabilities and 15 teachers of students with LD). Also, the teachers responded to a survey of educational technology which encompassed seven questions about computer technology. Results of the study indicated that the special education teachers’ attitudes towards using computers were generally positive. The most notable positive attitudes were in the following subscales: special education considerations, staff development considerations, computers use in society, and computers and quality of instruction issues. The analysis of variance results showed that experience and type of disability did not have a significant effect on teachers’ attitudes towards technology.
Keywords: Attitudes; hard of hearing; inclusive education; intellectual disability; learning disabilities; technology

Atlassian Team Playbook - Build strong teams with Plays - Atlassian (Atlassian, 2020)
Plays are free workshop resources for addressing common team challenges and starting important conversations.

ATLAS.ti | The #1 Software for Qualitative Data Analysis (ATLAS.ti)
ATLAS.ti helps you uncover actionable insights with intuitive research tools and best-in-class technology. Try it for free today!

ATLAS.ti AI Lab | Accelerating Innovation for Data Analysis - ATLAS.ti (ATLAS.ti)
Powered by OpenAI, ATLAS.ti revolutionizes qualitative data analysis — bringing you light-speed insights.

At least 77 million rural inhabitants in Latin America and the Caribbean have no access to high-quality internet services - IICA (IICA.INT, 2020)
IICA-BID-MICROSOFT DOCUMENT “RURAL CONNECTIVITY IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN – A BRIDGE TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN TIMES OF THE PANDEMIC” The study focused on 24 countries throughout all of Latin America and the Caribbean. Average rural connectivity is approximately half of connectivity levels in urban areas. Limitations in available information about the status of rural connectivity and obsolete regulatory frameworks have hindered the implementation of policies to accelerate rural digital inclusion.

Assistive Technology in the African Region: Results of an Online Rapid Assistive Technology Capacity Survey (World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa)

Assistive technology in developing countries: national and international responsibilities to implement the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities - Borg, Johan; Lindström, Anna; Larsson, Stig (The Lancet, 2009)
In developing countries, disability is often associated with poverty caused by reduced participation in education, work, and community life.1–4 Education and employment contributes to reduction of poverty, improvement of health, and increased participation in society.2,5,6 According to findings from studies in high-income countries, assistive technology can have a positive socioeconomic effect on the lives of people with disabilities by improving access to education and increasing achievement.7,8 The use of assistive technology is a successful strategy to help participation in work,9,10 and maintenance of health.

Assistive technology for students with visual disability in schools for the blind in Delhi - Senjam, Suraj Singh; Foster, Allen; Bascaran, Covadonga; Vashist, Praveen; Gupta, Vivek (Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology, 2020)
Background: To understand the awareness and utilization of assistive technology in students at schools for the blind in Delhi.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 250 students selected randomly from 10 blind schools in Delhi. Binocular distance presenting and pinhole vision acuity were assessed using Snellen “E” chart and a multiple pinhole occluder. Students were also interviewed using a questionnaire about 42 assistive devices to understand their awareness and use.Results: Male participants were 72.8%. Of the total, 27.6% students had best corrected visual acuity <6/18 to 1/60, and the rest had <1/60 vision. The awareness about tactile and sound-based technology was good among students: Braille books (98%), Braille slate and stylus (99.2%), handheld audio recorders (77.6%) and screen readers (77.2%). Good awareness was reported for abacus (88.8%), walking long canes (94.4%) and smart cane (89.6%), audible balls (96%), Braille chess (82.8%) and talking watch (98%). Among the students with <6/18 to 1/60 vision, the awareness of visual based technology ranged from 0.8% (typoscope) to 43.6% (video magnifiers). Braille technology was used for reading by 96.4% (books) and for writing by 96.8% (Braille slate and stylus) irrespective of visual status. Other devices were poorly used ranging from nil (typoscope) to 55% (screen readers). The use of math and science learning devices was poor (<20%). Walking canes were used by 59% of students whereas 87.2% students used audible ball for games.Conclusion: The results showed that majority of students used tactile based technology irrespective of visual status.Implications for rehabilitationStudents with visual disability need assistive technology for a wide range of activities including academic learning.Students in schools for the blind who have binocular best corrected vision acuity of 1/60 or better should be encouraged to use visual based assistive technology instead of tactile based.Students with binocular best corrected vision acuity less than1/60 should be encouraged to use other available tactile and sound-based assistive technologies as well as Braille books and Braille slate and stylus for their academic activities including maths and sciences.Teachers should be trained in the use of various assistive technologies for reading, writing, maths, sciences, sports, mobility and activities of daily living.
Keywords: Assistive technology; awareness; blind schools; utilization; visual disability

Assistive Technology for Children with Disabilities: Creating Opportunities for Education, Inclusion and Participation A discussion paper - UNICEF; WHO (WHO, 2015)

Assistive Technology. Fact sheet. Retrieved 10 December 2020, from - WHO

Assistive technology applied to education of students with visual impairment - Alves, Cássia Cristiane de Freitas; Monteiro, Gelse Beatriz Martins; Rabello, Suzana; Gasparetto, Maria Elisabete Rodrigues Freire; Carvalho, Keila Monteiro de (Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 2009)
OBJECTIVES: Verify the application of assistive technology, especially information technology in the education of blind and low-vision students from the perceptions of their teachers. METHODS: Descriptive survey study in public schools in three municipalities of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The sample comprised 134 teachers. RESULTS: According to the teachers' opinions, there are differences in the specificities and applicability of assistive technology for blind and low-vision students, for whom specific computer programs are important. Information technology enhances reading and writing skills, as well as communication with the world on an equal basis, thereby improving quality of life and facilitating the learning process. The main reason for not using information technology is the lack of planning courses. The main requirements for the use of information technology in schools are enough computers for all students, advisers to help teachers, and pedagogical support. CONCLUSIONS: Assistive technology is applied to education of students with visual impairment; however, teachers indicate the need for infrastructure and pedagogical support. Information technology is an important tool in the inclusion process and can promote independence and autonomy of students with visual impairment.
Keywords: Assistive technology; Brazil; information technology; visually impaired persons

Assistive technology - WHO (2019)
WHO fact sheet on assistive technology. Assistive technology enables people to live healthy, productive, independent, and dignified lives, and to participate in education, the labour market and civic life.

Assistive technologies in developing countries - Rohwerder, Brigitte (Institute of Developing Studies, 2018)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Assistive Technologies and Other Supports for People with Brain Impairment. - Scherer, M. J. (Springer Publishing Co, 2021)

Assistance to Basic Education: All Children Reading (ABE-ACR) Findings Report, Tanzania National Early Grade Reading Assessment (EGRA) - RTI International (USAID, 2016)

Assessment, technology, and change - Clarke-Midura, Jody; Dede, Chris (Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 2010)

Assessment of the Impact of the Jovem de Futuro Program on Learning - de Barros, Ricardo Paes; de Carvalho, Mirela; Franco, Samuel; Garcia, Beatriz; Henriques, Ricardo; Machado, Laura (World Bank, 2019)

Assessment of the effectiveness of ICT on Teacher Trainees in Colleges of education. A Case of St. Monica's College of Education - Osei Frimpong, Kojo; Asare, Samuel; Caroline, Owusu-Mintah (Asian Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology, 2019)
The use of ICT in teacher training colleges has relatively improve teaching and learning. The effective use of various ICT tools such the computer, smart phones and PDAs has brought innovative ideas in teacher trainees. This study aimed at finding out the factors influencing the use of ICT tools in enhancing teaching and learning process in the various teacher training institutions in Ghana. A survey was used in order to investigate the study. It was revealed from the findings of the study that students and tutors in the various colleges of education have now accepted the use of ICT in teaching and learning process. However some students still see ICT as difficult due to various factors such as inadequate computers in the various colleges for practical tution and poor access to the internet for learning.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Assessment of public primary school teachers preparedness in the implementation of digital literacy programme in public primary schools in Imenti north sub-county, Kenya - Nyaga, Felistas (University of Nairobi, 2018)
The purpose of this study was to investigate the preparedness of public primary school teachers in the implementation of digital literacy programme in Imenti North Sub County Kenya. The study was guided by the following objectives; to establish infrastructural availability for the public primary school teachers’ usage in teaching and learning in implementation of digital literacy programme in public primary schools in Imenti North Sub County, to examine how public primary school teachers’ competence influence implementation of digital literacy program in public primary schools in Imenti North Sub County, The study sought to determine how public primary school teacher perception influence implementation of digital literacy program in public primary schools in Imenti North Sub County. The study also sought to establish how digital literacy content availability for the public primary school teachers influence implementation of digital literacy programme in public primary schools in Imenti North Sub County. The study adopted descriptive research design. The study was grounded on technology diffusion theory to explain the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The study had a target population of 596 respondents who comprised 59 head teachers and 537 teachers. The respondents were selected using proportionate random sampling technique where by a sample size of 137 was used. Primary data was obtained using self-administered questionnaires that were made up of both open ended and closed ended questions, also unstructured interview was administered face-to-face or over the phone. The reliability of the study was measured using test retest method. The Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences and the data was presented in frequency tables, percentages and regression analysis. The study concluded that preparedness of public primary school teachers in the implementation of digital literacy programme was highly influenced by teacher competence followed by infrastructural preparedness and then by Teacher perception while digital literacy content had the least effect on implementation of digital literacy programme in public primary schools in Imenti North Sub County. The study concluded that infrastructural preparedness influences implementation of digital literacy program in public primary schools in Imenti North Sub County significantly. Even though the schools have electricity their computer lab have not been fully equipped. The implementation of digital literacy program has been delayed by inadequate internet connections coupled with inadequate digital literacy program devices for teaching and learning in the schools. Also, there being inadequate tablets for the learners and laptops for the teachers have negatively affected the implementation of digital literacy program in public primary schools. The study recommends that teachers and instructors need to be trained in basic ICT skills and ICT-based teaching methods to feel comfortable about using the materials. The study recommends that the governments should ensure that all the public primary schools are connected to wireless internet services; that primary schools should be assisted by both national and county government need to ensure that the schools have a complete computer lab that is fully equipped with enough laptops for the teachers and tablets for the learners. The study further recommends that head teachers and parents need to set up administrative committees to manage ICT facilities as proven to be very effective in ensuring the sustainability of initiatives.

Assessment of policies to improve teacher quality and reduce teacher absenteeism - Suryahadi, Asep; Sambodho, Prio (Working paper, 2013)

Assessment of Distance Learning Initiative of the Government of Bangladesh during COVID-19 Pandemic - Das, H (a2i, 2020)

Assessment of Computer-Based Nutrition Education Model in Primary Schools of Lahore, Pakistan - Elmadfa, I.; Siddique, A. (Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2009)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Assessment of accelerated education to catch up with missed school programme in post crisis settings: Case study of selected IDP camps in Maiduguri metropolitan council - Wali, Yagana S; Muhammad Ali, Mustapha (British Journal of Educational Studies, 2019)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Assessment for Learning: Meeting the Challenge of Implementation - Laveault, D; Allal, L (Springer, 2016)

Assessment for improved learning outcomes - UNESCO

Assessment and Development of Executive Function (EF) During Childhood - Anderson, Peter (Child Neuropsychology, 2002)
This review paper outlines the issues associated with the assessment of executive function (EF) in children and adolescents, and describes the developmental profile of executive processes across childhood. At the outset, EF is defined, and cognitive and behavioral impairments associated with executive dysfunction (EDF) are described. A developmental model of EF is proposed incorporating four discrete but inter-related executive domains (attentional control, cognitive flexibility, goal setting, and information processing) which operate in an integrative manner to enable “executive control”. Characteristics that constitute traditional EF measures are discussed, as are the problems associated with test interpretation. The ecological validity of EF tests and neuropsychological assessment procedures are examined, and adjunct methods of measurement are presented to enable a more comprehensive and valid assessment of EF. Based on developmental and normative studies, the maturation of executive domains is mapped. Attentional control appears to emerge in infancy and develop rapidly in early childhood. In contrast, cognitive flexibility, goal setting, and information processing experience a critical period of development between 7 and 9 years of age, and are relatively mature by 12 years of age. A transitional period is thought to occur at the beginning of adolescence, and shortly after “executive control” is likely to emerge. In order to confirm our current understanding of EF development and further enhance our understanding of brain-behavior relationships, longitudinal studies incorporating structural and functional neuroimaging are required.

Assessment and classroom learning - Black, Paul; Wiliam, Dylan (Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 1998)

Assessing value for money - National Audit Office UK (2011)

Assessing user acceptance toward blog technology using the UTAUT model - Pardamean, Bens; Susanto, Mario (International Journal of Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, 2012)
Blogs are among the many commonly used technologies for education and learning. They are also both conversational technologies and constructivist learning tools. Their interactive, collaborative, user-friendly, and instant archival features have transformed blogs into effective tools for enhancing case-based teaching methods in the asynchronous nature of the online environment. This study investigated the student populace’s acceptance of the blog technology through the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework. UTAUT integrates eight theories from social psychology and sociology in order to examine the effects of major factors on behavioral intention and actual use of blog to learn e-business course materials and topic discussions. The results showed that both social influence and performance expectancy had a significant relationship with behavioral intention, whereas effort expectancy did not. In this study, behavioral intention did not have a significant relationship with actual usage level of blogs as a learning tool.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Assessing the use of technology and Khan Academy to improve educational outcomes in Sacatepéquez, Guatemala - MANAUS Consulting (2016)

Assessing the Strength of Evidence in the Education Sector (DRAFT) - Building Evidence in Education (Building Evidence in Education, 2015)

Assessing the Strength of Evidence in the Education Sector - Building Evidence in Education (2015)

Assessing the Strength of Evidence in the Education Sector - Hinton, Dr Rachel; Robinson, Mark (2015)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Assessing the real-life socio-economic scenario of established slums in Dhaka: the cases of Korail and Sattola - Bashar, Raisa; Tonmoy, Sirajus; Ria, Alvira; Khan, Nazmul (European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 2020)
The research aims to assess the current situation of three primary socioeconomic indicators, namely education, health and water availability at the two most established slums of Bangladesh's capital Dhaka-Korail and Sattola. Surveys, using cluster and then random sampling to target households, and analysis, found that both slums' children's education level was moderate with 52%-68% and 20%-28% availing primary and secondary education, respectively; several NGOs had helped to establish brick-and-mortar latrines and disseminate necessary and effective awareness about sanitation; and surveyed slum dwellers were economically strong, with 68%-70% of the interviewed households' income levels being 10,000-15,000 BDT (USD 118-178) per month. A comparative analysis with national level statistics also yielded that the conditions in these slums are truly better than previously thought. Primary recommendation includes in-depth monitoring to understand why such large numbers live in slums, even though they can afford better.
Keywords: ⚠️ Invalid DOI

Assessing the policy influence of research: A case study of governance research in Viet Nam - Pellini, Arnaldo; Anderson, James H; Tran, Huong Thi Lan; Irvine, Renwick (Overseas Development Institute, 2012)

Assessing the Impacts of Literacy Learning Games for Syrian Refugee Children: An executive overview of Antura and the Letters and Feed the Monster Impact Evaluations - Comings, J (Resource Centre, 2018)
Keywords: RER theme_pedagogies and modalities

Assessing the Impact of Early Learning Programs in Africa - Gove, Amber; Brunette, Tracy; Bulat, Jennae; Carrol, Bidemi; Henny, Catherine; Macon, Wykia; Nderu, Evangeline; Sitabkhan, Yasmin (New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2017)
We present results from early learning programs in six African countries: Ethiopia, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Tanzania, and Uganda. In partnership with ministries of education, RTI International has worked within government systems to support the design and deployment of locally contextualized materials, training, and assessment tools, with the goal of improving outcomes for early learners in primary schools, and in Kenya and Tanzania preprimary as well. Here we report on the experience and evidence of impact from specific programs in each country, including summary assessment results when available. In several countries with completed impact evaluations, there are significant and important learning gains of between 0.2 and 2.57 SD in effect size; in one case the percentage of students reaching grade‐level reading proficiency increased from 12% to 47%. In the context of increased urgency surrounding what UNESCO has called a “global learning crisis,” these experiences provide useful lessons for policymakers and practitioners alike.

Assessing the Construct Validity of Save the Children's International Development and Early Learning Assessment (IDELA) - Wolf, Sharon; Halpin, Peter; Yoshikawa, Hirokazu; Pisani, Lauren; Dowd, Amy Jo; Borisova, Ivelina (Global TIES for Children, New York University, Save the Children, 2016)

Assessing social and emotional learning in Tanzania: an interview with Matthew Jukes - RTI International (Medium, 2018)
Social emotional learning is likely to be strongly influenced by culture, but global variation has yet to be captured because much of the…

Assessing Research-Practice Partnerships - Henrick, Erin C; Cobb, Paul; Penuel, William R; Jackson, Kara; Clark, Tiffany (William T. Grant Foundation., 2017)

Assessing pre-service English language teachers' learning using e-portfolios: Benefits, challenges and competencies gained - Kabilan, Muhamad; Khan, Mahbub (Computers & Education, 2012)
Assessment in learning is always of interest to practitioners, academics and researchers, and is always evolving with new implications. Alternative forms of assessment such as e-portfolios have gained recognition in documenting students’ learning, as it is synchronous with both product and process. Vast amount of literature narrates the relative advantages of e-portfolios across disciplines, institutions, and applications. In Malaysia, such alternative assessment practices are less explored so far in teacher education. In this study, 55 pre-service TESOL teachers from Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) are required to create and maintain a personal e-portfolio. The aim of the study is to ascertain the future teachers’ practices with e-portfolios in their learning and to determine if these practices lead to teaching competencies. In addition, the study also aims to identify the benefits and challenges of using an e-portfolio as a tool for learning and self-assessment. Findings indicate that participants are appreciative of e-portfolios, as their performance and achievements are traced over time. It is also found that e-portfolios function as a monitoring tool, which helps the teachers recognize their learning and identify their strengths and weaknesses. Challenges are also noted, which include validity and reliability, interrupted Internet connection, negative attitudes participants, time constraints, workload and ethical issues. In terms of teacher competencies, it is found that six competencies emerge from the teachers’ practices of e-portfolios – (1) developing understanding of an effective teacher’s role; (2) developing teaching approaches/activities; (3) improving linguistic abilities; (4) comprehending content knowledge; (5) gaining ICT skills and; (6) the realization of the need to change mindsets.

Assessing pre-service English language teachers' learning using e-portfolios: benefits, challenges and competencies gained - Kabilan, Muhammad Kamarul; Khan, Mahbub Ahsan (Computers & Education, 2012)
Assessment in learning is always of interest to practitioners, academics and researchers, and is always evolving with new implications. Alternative forms of assessment such as e-portfolios have gained recognition in documenting students' learning, as it is synchronous with both product and process. Vast amount of literature narrates the relative advantages of e-portfolios across disciplines, institutions, and applications. In Malaysia, such alternative assessment practices are less explored so far in teacher education. In this study, 55 pre-service TESOL teachers from Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) are required to create and maintain a personal e-portfolio. The aim of the study is to ascertain the future teachers' practices with e-portfolios in their learning and to determine if these practices lead to teaching competencies. In addition, the study also aims to identify the benefits and challenges of using an e-portfolio as a tool for learning and self-assessment. Findings indicate that participants are appreciative of e-portfolios, as their performance and achievements are traced over time. It is also found that e-portfolios function as a monitoring tool, which helps the teachers recognize their learning and identify their strengths and weaknesses. Challenges are also noted, which include validity and reliability, interrupted Internet connection, negative attitudes participants, time constraints, workload and ethical issues. In terms of teacher competencies, it is found that six competencies emerge from the teachers' practices of e-portfolios--(1) developing understanding of an effective teacher's role; (2) developing teaching approaches/activities; (3) improving linguistic abilities; (4) comprehending content knowledge; (5) gaining ICT skills and; (6) the realization of the need to change mindsets. (Contains 2 tables and 1 figure.)
Keywords: Academic Achievement; Alternative Assessment; ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE); Electronic Publishing; English (Second Language); Ethics; Evaluation; Faculty Workload; Foreign Countries; Higher Education; Information Technology; Internet; Language Teachers; Malaysia; Negative Attitudes; Portfolios (Background Materials); Preservice Teachers; Reliability; Teacher Competencies; Teacher Education; Teaching Methods; Validity; __:import:01; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2097613; __finaldtb; auto_merged

Assessing pre-service English language teachers' learning using e-portfolios: benefits, challenges and competencies gained - Kabilan, Muhammad Kamarul; Khan, Mahbub Ahsan (Computers & Education, 2012)
Assessment in learning is always of interest to practitioners, academics and researchers, and is always evolving with new implications. Alternative forms of assessment such as e-portfolios have gained recognition in documenting students' learning, as it is synchronous with both product and process. Vast amount of literature narrates the relative advantages of e-portfolios across disciplines, institutions, and applications. In Malaysia, such alternative assessment practices are less explored so far in teacher education. In this study, 55 pre-service TESOL teachers from Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) are required to create and maintain a personal e-portfolio. The aim of the study is to ascertain the future teachers' practices with e-portfolios in their learning and to determine if these practices lead to teaching competencies. In addition, the study also aims to identify the benefits and challenges of using an e-portfolio as a tool for learning and self-assessment. Findings indicate that participants are appreciative of e-portfolios, as their performance and achievements are traced over time. It is also found that e-portfolios function as a monitoring tool, which helps the teachers recognize their learning and identify their strengths and weaknesses. Challenges are also noted, which include validity and reliability, interrupted Internet connection, negative attitudes participants, time constraints, workload and ethical issues. In terms of teacher competencies, it is found that six competencies emerge from the teachers' practices of e-portfolios--(1) developing understanding of an effective teacher's role; (2) developing teaching approaches/activities; (3) improving linguistic abilities; (4) comprehending content knowledge; (5) gaining ICT skills and; (6) the realization of the need to change mindsets. (Contains 2 tables and 1 figure.)
Keywords: Academic Achievement; Alternative Assessment; ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE); Electronic Publishing; English (Second Language); Ethics; Evaluation; Faculty Workload; Foreign Countries; Higher Education; Information Technology; Internet; Language Teachers; Malaysia; Negative Attitudes; Portfolios (Background Materials); Preservice Teachers; Reliability; Teacher Competencies; Teacher Education; Teaching Methods; Validity; __:import:01; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2097613; __finaldtb

Assessing pre-service English language teachers' learning using e-portfolios: benefits, challenges and competencies gained - Kabilan, Muhammad Kamarul; Khan, Mahbub Ahsan (Computers & Education, 2012)
Assessment in learning is always of interest to practitioners, academics and researchers, and is always evolving with new implications. Alternative forms of assessment such as e-portfolios have gained recognition in documenting students' learning, as it is synchronous with both product and process. Vast amount of literature narrates the relative advantages of e-portfolios across disciplines, institutions, and applications. In Malaysia, such alternative assessment practices are less explored so far in teacher education. In this study, 55 pre-service TESOL teachers from Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) are required to create and maintain a personal e-portfolio. The aim of the study is to ascertain the future teachers' practices with e-portfolios in their learning and to determine if these practices lead to teaching competencies. In addition, the study also aims to identify the benefits and challenges of using an e-portfolio as a tool for learning and self-assessment. Findings indicate that participants are appreciative of e-portfolios, as their performance and achievements are traced over time. It is also found that e-portfolios function as a monitoring tool, which helps the teachers recognize their learning and identify their strengths and weaknesses. Challenges are also noted, which include validity and reliability, interrupted Internet connection, negative attitudes participants, time constraints, workload and ethical issues. In terms of teacher competencies, it is found that six competencies emerge from the teachers' practices of e-portfolios--(1) developing understanding of an effective teacher's role; (2) developing teaching approaches/activities; (3) improving linguistic abilities; (4) comprehending content knowledge; (5) gaining ICT skills and; (6) the realization of the need to change mindsets. (Contains 2 tables and 1 figure.)
Keywords: Academic Achievement; Alternative Assessment; ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE); Electronic Publishing; English (Second Language); Ethics; Evaluation; Faculty Workload; Foreign Countries; Higher Education; Information Technology; Internet; Language Teachers; Malaysia; Negative Attitudes; Portfolios (Background Materials); Preservice Teachers; Reliability; Teacher Competencies; Teacher Education; Teaching Methods; Validity; __:import:01; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2097613; __finaldtb

Assessing outside of the “classroom box” while schools are closed: The potential of phone-based formative assessments to support learning continuity - Luna-Bazaldua, D; Liberman, J; Levin, V (2021)

Assessing national achievement levels in education. National assessments of educational achievement. Volume 1. - Greaney, V.; Kellaghan, T. (The World Bank, 2008)

Assessing Early Childhood Fluid Reasoning in Low- and Middle-Income Nations: Validity of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence Across Seven MAL-ED Sites - Ruan-Iu, Linda; Pendergast, Laura L.; Rasheed, Muneera; Tofail, Fahmida; Svensen, Erling; Maphula, Angelina; Roshan, Reeba; Nahar, Baitun; Shrestha, Rita; Williams, Brittney; Schaefer, Barbara A.; Scharf, Rebecca; et al. (Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 2019)
An adapted version of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence—Third Edition (WPPSI-III) was administered to assess cognitive functioning among 1,253 5-year-old children from the Malnutrition and Enteric Disease (MAL-ED) study—an international, multisite study investigating multiple aspects of child development. In this study, the factor structure and invariance of the WPPSI-III were examined across seven international research sites located in Bangladesh, Brazil, India, Nepal, Pakistan, South Africa, and Tanzania. Using a multiple indicator multiple cause (MIMIC) modeling approach, the findings supported the validity of a fluid reasoning dimension (comprised of block design, matrix reasoning, and picture completion subscales) across each of the seven sites, although the scores were noninvariant. Accordingly, these scores are recommended for research purposes and understanding relationships between variables but not for mean comparisons or clinical purposes.

Assessing cost-effectiveness with equity of a programme targeting marginalised girls in secondary schools in Tanzania - Sabates, Ricardo; Rose, Pauline; Alcott, Benjamin; Delprato, Marcos (Journal of Development Effectiveness, 2020)

Assessing cost-effectiveness with equity of a programme targeting marginalised girls in secondary schools in Tanzania - Sabates, Ricardo; Rose, Pauline; Alcott, Benjamin; Delprato, Marcos (Journal of Development Effectiveness, 2021)
Cost-effectiveness studies rarely pay explicit attention to whether resources are used effectively to benefit the most marginalised. By linking a quasi-experimental design with detailed financial information, we analyse the cost-effectiveness of the Campaign for Female Education (CAMFED)’s programme in Tanzania. The programme provides targeted, multi-dimensional support to marginalised girls in government secondary schools in deprived rural areas. We find the cost-effectiveness of CAMFED’s programme to be similar to interventions designed for more advantaged populations who are easier (and less costly) to reach. There is further evidence of positive spill-over effects to boys in the schools supported by CAMFED.
Keywords: Cost effectiveness; Girls’ Education; Tanzania; equity

Assessing cost-effectiveness with equity of a programme targeting marginalised girls in secondary schools in Tanzania - Sabates, Ricardo; Rose, Pauline; Alcott, Benjamin; Delprato, Marcos (Journal of Development Effectiveness, 2021)
Cost-effectiveness studies rarely pay explicit attention to whether resources are used effectively to benefit the most marginalised. By linking a quasi-experimental design with detailed financial information, we analyse the cost-effectiveness of the Campaign for Female Education (CAMFED)’s programme in Tanzania. The programme provides targeted, multi-dimensional support to marginalised girls in government secondary schools in deprived rural areas. We find the cost-effectiveness of CAMFED’s programme to be similar to interventions designed for more advantaged populations who are easier (and less costly) to reach. There is further evidence of positive spill-over effects to boys in the schools supported by CAMFED.
Keywords: Cost effectiveness; Girls’ Education; Tanzania; equity

Assessing academic motivation among elementary school children: the Elementary School Motivation Scale (ESMS) - Guay, Frederic; Marsh, Herbert W.; Dowson, Martin; Larose, Simon (Australian Association for Research in Education Annual Conference, 2005)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Assemblage Theory: Coping with Complexity in Technology Enhanced Language Learning - Matthews, Blair (Research-publishing, 2019)
Language classrooms are complex systems, but theory often simplifies these processes making researching effectiveness difficult. Assemblage theory -- a theory of complexity in the social sciences -- allows us to examine complexity in the language classroom. In this paper, I present an account of the language classroom that captures the complexity, subjectivity, and temporality of technology enhanced language learning. [For the complete proceedings, see ED600837.]
Keywords: Computer Assisted Instruction; Influence of Technology; Learning Motivation; Learning Processes; Learning Theories; Second Language Learning; Social Systems; Systems Approach; Teaching Methods

ASReview - Active learning for Systematic Reviews (ASReview)
Our software ASReview is designed to accelerate the step of screening abstracts and titles with a minimum of papers to be read.
Keywords: _Added-ailr-2024

Aspirations, poverty, and economic change - Ray, Debraj (Understanding Poverty, 2006)
This essay discusses a particular aspect of poverty: its close and brutal association with a failure of aspirations. This is not an assertion about individuals who are poor; it is a statement about the condition of poverty itself. Poverty stifles dreams, or at least the process of attaining dreams. Thus, poverty and the failure of aspirations may be reciprocally linked in a self-sustaining trap. This essay seeks to draw out various aspects of this theme and, in the process, to introduce and discuss an aspirations-based view of individual behavior.
Keywords: aspirations failure; aspirations window; collective action; individual behavior; poor; social polarization

Aspirations and the Role of Social Protection: Evidence from a Natural Disaster in Rural Pakistan - Kosec, Katrina; Mo, Cecilia Hyunjung (World Development, 2017)
Citizens’ aspirations are increasingly recognized as an important dimension of their well-being. Those with high aspirations set ambitious goals for themselves, and those with low aspirations may fall prey to a poverty trap. Do natural disasters negatively impact aspirations? If so, can governments blunt these effects? We consider Pakistan’s devastating 2010 floods—and the government’s uneven relief efforts—to analyze these questions. We first show that the extreme rainfall generating this disaster significantly reduced aspirations, even when current levels of household expenditure, wealth, and education are taken into account. Individuals experiencing 2010 monsoon season rainfall that was one standard deviation higher than average had aspiration levels 1.5years later that were 0.15 standard deviations lower than those of similar individuals experiencing just average levels of rainfall. This is the same negative shock to aspirations that one would experience as a result of a 50% reduction in household expenditures. Moreover, the negative effect of natural disasters on aspirations is especially strong among the poor, and among those who are most vulnerable to weather shocks. However, exploiting exogenous variation in flood relief access, we show that government social protection can attenuate these negative impacts. Individuals in villages that received Citizens Damage Compensation (Watan Card) Program flood relief—providing cash equivalent to 9.4% of annual household expenditures in each of the three years following the disaster—saw significantly lower declines in aspirations than did those in similarly affected villages without this relief. This offers a new understanding of social protection; it not only restores livelihoods and replaces damaged assets, but also has an enduring effect by easing mental burdens, and thus raising aspirations for the future. The negative effects of natural disasters and the efficacy of government relief programs may thus be underestimated if aspirations are ignored.
Keywords: Pakistan; South Asia; climate change; political economy of development; political psychology; state capacity

ASIDI - Accelerated School Infrastructure Delivery Initiative - Republic of South Africa (2022)

Así dio vuelta el consumo mediático en El Salvador durante la COVID-19 - Carballo, Willian; Marroquín, Amparo (2021)

Así consumíamos medios en El Salvador antes de la COVID-19 - Carballo, Willian; Marroquín, Amparo (2020)

ASER_National_2019.pdf

As Schools Close Over Coronavirus, Protect Kids’ Privacy in Online Learning (Human Rights Watch, 2020)
The educational disruption caused by the coronavirus pandemic is unprecedented in speed and scale. As of today, over 160 countries have closed schools. Education authorities are scrambling to provide remote learning for more than 87% of the world’s student population now missing class.

Artificial Intelligence in Education: Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Development - UNESCO (Roscongress Building Trust, 2020)

Artificial intelligence for strengthening healthcare systems in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review - Ciecierski-Holmes, Tadeusz; Singh, Ritvij; Axt, Miriam; Brenner, Stephan; Barteit, Sandra (npj Digital Medicine, 2022)
In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), AI has been promoted as a potential means of strengthening healthcare systems by a growing number of publications. We aimed to evaluate the scope and nature of AI technologies in the specific context of LMICs. In this systematic scoping review, we used a broad variety of AI and healthcare search terms. Our literature search included records published between 1st January 2009 and 30th September 2021 from the Scopus, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Global Health and APA PsycInfo databases, and grey literature from a Google Scholar search. We included studies that reported a quantitative and/or qualitative evaluation of a real-world application of AI in an LMIC health context. A total of 10 references evaluating the application of AI in an LMIC were included. Applications varied widely, including: clinical decision support systems, treatment planning and triage assistants and health chatbots. Only half of the papers reported which algorithms and datasets were used in order to train the AI. A number of challenges of using AI tools were reported, including issues with reliability, mixed impacts on workflows, poor user friendliness and lack of adeptness with local contexts. Many barriers exists that prevent the successful development and adoption of well-performing, context-specific AI tools, such as limited data availability, trust and evidence of cost-effectiveness in LMICs. Additional evaluations of the use of AI in healthcare in LMICs are needed in order to identify their effectiveness and reliability in real-world settings and to generate understanding for best practices for future implementations.
Keywords: Health policy; Translational research

Artificial intelligence and the conduct of literature reviews - Wagner, Gerit; Lukyanenko, Roman; Paré, Guy (Journal of Information Technology, 2022)
Artificial intelligence (AI) is beginning to transform traditional research practices in many areas. In this context, literature reviews stand out because they operate on large and rapidly growing volumes of documents, that is, partially structured (meta)data, and pervade almost every type of paper published in information systems research or related social science disciplines. To familiarize researchers with some of the recent trends in this area, we outline how AI can expedite individual steps of the literature review process. Considering that the use of AI in this context is in an early stage of development, we propose a comprehensive research agenda for AI-based literature reviews (AILRs) in our field. With this agenda, we would like to encourage design science research and a broader constructive discourse on shaping the future of AILRs in research.
Keywords: _Added-ailr-2024; _important-ailr-2024

Article 9: Issue 4: Systems Thinking and Technology Leadership in PK-12 Schools - Maddin, Ellen (EdTechnology Ideas, 2013)
Article 9: Issue 4: Systems Thinking and Technology Leadership in PK-12 Schools
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Article 160 - Constitution 1973 - Government of Pakistan (1973)

Around 2 in 3 children are still out of the classroom in Latin America and the Caribbean - UNICEF (2021)
UNICEF urges countries in the region to scale up the return to in-person learning

Arm-wrestling in the classroom: the non-monotonic effects of monitoring teachers - Lichand, Guilherme; Wolf, Sharon (Working Paper Series, 2021)
Teacher absenteeism and shirking are common problems in developing countries. While monitoring teachers should ameliorate those problems, mobilizing parents to do so often leads to small or even negative effects on learning outcomes. This paper provides causal evidence that this might result from non-monotonic effects of monitoring teachers. Cross-randomizing nudges to teachers and parents in Ivory Coast – to motivate and monitor teachers directly, and to mobilize parents –, we find that, in schools where parents are nudged, numeracy and literacy test scores improve by an additional school quarter, and student dropouts decrease by over 50%. In contrast, in schools where both are nudged, there is no effect on either learning outcomes or dropouts – even though the latter also fall by nearly 50% where teachers are nudged alone. In those schools, teachers show up less frequently, allocate less time to career development, and target instruction to top students to a greater extent than in schools where only parents are nudged. Monitoring backfires precisely for teachers who were most motivated at baseline, consistent with monitoring intensity eventually crowding out intrinsic motivation. Our results have implications for the design of accountability programs above and beyond education.

Arifu

Arifu - Arifu

Argentina Has More Women in Science—But It Hasn't Fixed Sexism - Zhang, Sarah (Wired, 2015)
The numbers of women in astronomy are dismal, but Argentina is an exception. Does the country have something to teach about equality in academia?
Keywords: argentina; astronomy; gender

Are the new millennium learners making the grade? Technology use and educational performance in PISA 2006 - OECD (OECD, 2010)
OECD's dissemination platform for all published content - books, serials and statistics

Are the eﬀects of informational interventions driven by salience? - Bettinger, Eric; Cunha, Nina; Lichand, Guilherme; Madeira, Ricardo (Working Paper Series, 2021)
Informational interventions have been shown to signiﬁcantly change behavior across a variety of settings. Is that because they lead subjects to merely update beliefs in the right direction? Or, alternatively, is it to a large extent because they increase the salience of the decision they target, aﬀecting behavior even in the absence of inputs for belief updating? We study this question in the context of an informational intervention with school parents in Brazil. We randomly assign parents to either an information group, who receives text messages with weekly data on their child’s attendance and school eﬀort, or a salience group, who receives messages that try to redirect their attention without child-speciﬁc information. We ﬁnd that information makes parents more accurate about student attendance, and has large impacts on their test scores and grade promotion relative to the control group. Even though salience messages, in contrast, do not make parents more accurate about attendance levels, learning outcomes in the salience group improve by at least as much. Why? We show that treated parents across both conditions become more accurate about changes in their children’s grades over time, although not about grade levels. Such coarse belief updating is consistent with independent information acquisition in response to salience eﬀects from both interventions. Our results have implications for the design and interpretation of informational interventions across a range of domains.
Keywords: ❓ Multiple DOI

Are students still learning during COVID-19? Formative assessment can provide the answer - Liberman, Julia; Levin, Victoria; Luna-Bazaldua, Diego (World Bank Blogs, 2020)
As schools around the world have closed due to coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic (and many have extended closures for the remainder of the school year), students, teachers, and parents are settling into the "new reality" for the foreseeable future.

Are our children learning? Uwezo Tanzania learning assessment report 2019 | Unesco IIEP Learning Portal - Twaweza East Africa (2019)

Are Our Children Learning? The Status of Remote-learning among School-going Children in Kenya during the Covid-19 Crisis - Usawa Agenda (Usawa Agenda, 2020)

Are Our Children Learning? The Status of Remote-learning among School-going Children in Kenya during the Covid-19 Crisis - Uwezo (Usawa Agenda, 2020)

Are Our Children Learning? - Uwezo (Twaweza East Africa, 2016)

Are contract teachers and para-teachers a cost-effective intervention to address teacher shortage and improve learning outcomes? - Kingdon, Geeta Gandhi; Aslam, Monazza; Rawal, Shenila; Das, Sushmita (Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre:Social Science Research Unit, Institute of Education, University of London, 2013)

Are children with disabilities in school and learning? Evidence from a household survey in rural Punjab, Pakistan - Malik, Rabea; Raza, Fizza; Rose, Pauline; Singal, Nidhi (Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 2020)
Invisibility of children with disabilities in data on educational access and learning is a key policy challenge for tracking progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. In this article, we report findings from a household survey undertaken in rural Punjab, Pakistan. These data enable us to identify the extent to which children with disabilities are in school and learning the basics in literacy and numeracy. We find that, perhaps contrary to expectations, many of these children in this context are in mainstream (government and private) schools, although their chances of being in school are lower than their peers. We further find that overall levels of literacy and numeracy are low, even more so for children with disabilities. Our findings corroborate recent research from other countries. The paper highlights important lessons for the policy which are of relevance to other low-income contexts.
Keywords: Learning outcomes; Pakistan; Washington Group; disability; household survey; primary education

Are All Our Children Learning? - Uwezo (Usawa Agenda, 2021)

Architects and contractors: political economy analysis of policy research in Pakistan - Wood, Geof (University of Bath, 2013)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Arabic version of Design Thinking for Educators – Open Development & Education - Khalayleh, Abdullah (2020)
Keywords: dode_eth-src-dode; dode_eth-trf2-dode

"Aprendo en Línea" mantendrá acceso gratuito desde dispositivos móviles - mineduc (Ministerio de educación, 2021)
“Aprendo en Línea” cuenta con más de 80.000 recursos pedagógicos digitales para estudiantes, apoderados, docentes y directivos.

Aprendo en línea | Ayuda Mineduc - Ayuda Mineduc

Aprendizaje híbrido Experiencias internacionales con enfoque multimodal - Villavicencio, Xuzel; Coflan, Caitlin (2022)
Esta presentación se elaboró originalmente para una serie de seminarios web sobre aprendizaje blended e híbrido para UNICEF El Salvador y el Ministerio de Educación de El Salvador. Los talleres en línea se impartieron en dos sesiones, con los profesores de El Salvador como parte fundamental de la audiencia. Junto con las lecciones aprendidas de las diversas iniciativas internacionales mapeadas, también se tocaron temas como la infraestructura de las TIC del país y la relevancia de un enfoque de Aprendizaje Socioemocional (SEL). Keywords: híbrido; blended; multimodal; El Salvador; capacitación docente; aprendizaje socioemocional An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Keywords: _r:AddedByZotZen

Aprender a Ler (Learn to Read) - EdTech Center @ World Education (EdTech Center @ World Education)
From 2012-2016, World Education, Inc. implemented the USAID|Aprender a Ler (Learn to Read) program in the northern provinces of Nampula and Zambézia in Mozambique. With the goal of improving early grade reading outcomes for students in grades 1-3, WEI used technology via radios and smartphones as a critical companion to training, coaching, and overall school-community support …

Aprender a Ler (ApaL)

Aprender a Ler (ApaL) - USAID (World Education, Inc., 2017)

Approximating the equilibrium effects of informed school choice - Neilson, Christopher A (Working Paper #628, Princeton University Industrial Relations Section, 2019)
This paper studies the potential small and large scale effects of a policy designed to produce more informed consumers in the market for primary education. We develop and test a personalized information provision intervention that targets families of public Pre-K students entering elementary schools in Chile. Using a randomized control trial, we ﬁnd that the intervention shifts parents’ choices toward schools with higher average test scores, higher value added, higher prices, and schools that tend to be further from their homes. Tracking students with administrative data, we ﬁnd that student academic achievement on test scores was approximately 0.2 standard deviations higher among treated families ﬁve years after the intervention. To quantitatively gauge how average treatment effects might vary in a scaled up version of this policy, we embed the randomized control trial within a structural model of school choice and competition where price and quality are chosen endogenously and schools face capacity constraints. We use the estimated model of demand and supply to simulate policy effects under different assumptions about equilibrium constraints. In counterfactual simulations, we ﬁnd that capacity constraints play an important role mitigating the policy effect but in several scenarios, the supply-side response increases quality, which contributes to an overall positive average treatment effect. Finally, we show how the estimated model can inform the design of a large scale experiment such that reduced form estimates can capture equilibrium effects and spillovers.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Approved Basic Education Statistical Booklet 2019 - Ministry of Education (2019)

Approaches to teacher professional development in low-to-middle-income countries - Power, Tom (Sustainable English language teacher development at scale: lessons from Bangladesh, 2019)
This chapter begins by situating discussion of approaches to teacher development (TD) in the context of the grand societal challenge of Education for All (UNESCO 2014), as written into the earlier Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and now Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4:‘to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education for all.’ This goal cannot be met without addressing the stark and urgent need for greater numbers of teachers who are adequately equipped with the knowledge and skills to enable effective student learning. Drawing upon personal experiences of work with teachers in LMICs over nearly two decades, the chapter argues against ‘blaming teachers’ for poor student learning outcomes, and advocates instead the development of better understandings of the often challenging contexts in which teachers practise. The chapter then critically examines common approaches to TD that have often failed adequately to equip teachers for classroom practice, outlining a broadly supported agenda for reform. Recent literature has begun to identify certain characteristics of TD programmes that are increasingly associated with effective student outcomes, in what may be an emerging consensus. These characteristics are briefly outlined, before the chapter closes with lessons learned from English in Action. EIA has both contributed to and benefitted from this emerging evidence base and Chapter 5 illustrates how the implementation of EIA exemplifies such characteristics through a cohesive programme design.
Keywords: Important; Read

Approaches to qualitative-quantitative methodological triangulation - Morse, Janice M. (Nursing research, 1991)

Appraising research on personalized learning: definitions, theoretical alignment, advancements, and future directions - Walkington, Candace; Bernacki, Matthew L. (Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 2020)
This article introduces a special issue comprising research on efforts to personalize learning in different academic subjects. We first consider the emergence of personalized learning (PL) and the myriad of definitions that describe its essential features. Thereafter, we introduce the articles in the special issue by examining their alignment to extant theories of learning, the instructional design features that personalize the learning experience based on a learner characteristic, and the relationships between PL design and outcomes achieved in an educational context. Based on observations of contemporary PL research, we identify key issues to be addressed by the field and recommendations for future researchers to undertake to advance a PL theory. Chief among issues with PL are the role of technology, the agency of the learner, and the absence of a consistent theoretical grounding to motivate PL design choices. Future directions that would advance PL include the adoption of a theory of change in PL design, a design-based research approach to refine PL initiatives, more intensive and iterative research in authentic classroom contexts, and a greater focus on student input into and ownership of the PL experience.

Appraisal on perceived multimedia technologies as modern pedagogical tools for strategic improvement on teaching and learning - Adekunle, Salako E.; Adewale, Olumide S.; Boyinbode, Olutayo K. (International Journal of Modern Education and Computer Science, 2019)

Applying the self-determination theory (SDT) to explain student engagement in online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic - Chiu, Thomas K. F. (Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 2022)
During school closures forced by the COVID-19 pandemic, remote/online learning has been adopted to help students continue to learn. Student engagement, which is energized by motivation as explained by self-determination theory (SDT), is a prerequisite for learning. Therefore, this study investigated how the three perceived psychological needs in SDT affected student engagement in online learning using pre- and post-questionnaires completed by 1201 Grade 8 and 9 students within 6 weeks of partaking in online learning. The results suggested that digital support strategies better satisfied students’ needs, that all of the needs were predictors of the level of engagement, and that relatedness support was very important.
Keywords: K-12 education; Online learning; pandemic; self-determination theory; student engagement

Applying the information search process model to analyze aspects in the design of serious games for children with hearing impairment - Cano, Sandra; Alghazzawi, Daniyal M.; Arteaga, Jaime Muñoz; Fardoun, Habib M.; Collazos, César A.; Amador, Viviana Bustos (Universal Access in the Information Society, 2018)
Deaf children traditionally face greater challenges and encounter difficulties particular to their abilities. The Information Search Process model (ISP) is oriented in the context of the present work as a process of searching for information about children with a hearing impairment in the area of literacy, applying the different stages of the ISP model to identify different aspects of hearing impairment. A case study was carried out at the USAER school in Aguascalientes, Mexico, a school that enables children with hearing impairments to be included in regular secondary schooling. The children here are aged 12–15 years and have literacy problems. Eight children from 7 to 11 years of age were also evaluated in the Institute for Deaf and Blind Children in Cali, Colombia. The ISP model can be deemed to have been useful for identifying the relevant needs to support both teachers and deaf children. A need was identified, to construct a game that integrates the activities undertaken following the FitzGerald keys and in turn allow them to assess learning through different activities that help increase the semantic repertoire.

Applying the general systems theory to students'conflict management in Nigeria's tertiary institutions - Oyebade, S. A. (Lagos Journal of Educational Administration and Planning, 2001)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Applying Systems Theory Through the Lens of Learning: What Does Learning Research Say? - Jones, Beau Fly; Knuth, Randy A.; Baxendale, Steve (Springer, 1993)
Two areas of learning research, research about the learning process and views about the learner, need to be considered to guide educational stakeholders in the task of successfully redesigning schools to promote learning. The most meaningful learning results from an instructional design based on learning research. Research in the application of systems theory in education has profound implications for curriculum, instruction, and assessment in schools.
Keywords: Affective education; IQ; cognitive theory; creative thinking; critical thinking; educational research; intelligence; learner; learning processes; learning strategies; learning theories; metacognition; multiple intelligences; schema theories; school restructuring

Applying Systems Design Principles to the Design of Web-Based Training Systems - Bettin, Antje; Dillinger, Lisa; Ferraro, Sal; St-Pierre, Armand (WebNet Journal: Internet Technologies, Applications & Issues, 1999)
The Web is a popular platform for training educators and learners in educational systems. We find several Web-based training systems that are developed by enterprises that try to train teachers and students to use Web technologies in educational settings. The purpose of this article is to apply systems design principles to the design of Web-based training systems for teachers and learners. Several issues will be addressed in this paper such as the development of an Integrated Learning Community System (ILCS) for a better learning environment, the Quality Assurance / Audience Analysis /...
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Applying systems approach to educational-organizational change: Improvement of an interdisciplinary program - Karim, Sanaz (Uppsala University, 2010)

Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis: Modeling Change and Event Occurrence - Singer, Judith D.; Willett, John B. (Oxford University Press, USA, 2003)
Change is constant in everyday life. Infants crawl and then walk, children learn to read and write, teenagers mature in myriad ways, the elderly become frail and forgetful. Beyond these natural processes and events, external forces and interventions instigate and disrupt change: test scores may rise after a coaching course, drug abusers may remain abstinent after residential treatment. By charting changes over time and investigating whether and when events occur, researchers reveal the temporal rhythms of our lives. Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis is a much-needed professional book for empirical researchers and graduate students in the behavioral, social, and biomedical sciences. It offers the first accessible in-depth presentation of two of today's most popular statistical methods: multilevel models for individual change and hazard/survival models for event occurrence (in both discrete- and continuous-time). Using clear, concise prose and real data sets from published studies, the authors take you step by step through complete analyses, from simple exploratory displays that reveal underlying patterns through sophisticated specifications of complex statistical models.Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis offers readers a private consultation session with internationally recognized experts and represents a unique contribution to the literature on quantitative empirical methods.Visit http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/examples/alda.htm for:DT Downloadable data setsDT Library of computer programs in SAS, SPSS, Stata, HLM, MLwiN, and moreDT Additional material for data analysis
Keywords: Mathematics / Probability & Statistics / General; Medical / Epidemiology; Psychology / Statistics

Application of EdTech in Tanzania: Effectiveness of radio and television in teaching and learning amid COVID-19 pandemic - Feruzi, Sadiki M.; Li, Yang (International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science, 2020)
On March 2020 school and university going students experienced termination of classes. The statement declared by the Tanzania prime minister honourable Kassim Majaliwa required all primary and secondary schools to postpone learning for a month and one day later universities were also asked to suspend studies and other activities. It was necessary to do so because of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 named by World Health Organisation as COVID-19 a pandemic that had spread and hit more than 150 countries. This paper intended to attain two major objectives, one was to explore the effectiveness of radio and television in handling teaching and learning process as an alternative adopted to ensure that students continue to be engaged in learning. Second, to examine the capabilities of the country through the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology to continue teaching and learning during the time of classroom disruption. The authors made a case study where radio and television platforms were adopted for teaching and learning. The results show that the transition from classroom teaching and learning to teaching and learning through radio and television stations platform was not effective. Similarly, the study shows that the government has demonstrated incompetence in running and monitoring the programme mostly in terms of programme preparation and implementation. However, this experience has built a solid foundation for the future cases, when the country, facilitators, students and parents will be more arranged than now.

Application of Computerized Adaptive Testing to Educational Problems - Weiss, David J.; Kingsbury, G. Gage (Journal of Educational Measurement, 1984)
Three applications of computerized adaptive testing (CAT) to help solve problems encountered in educational settings are described and discussed. Each of these applications makes use of item response theory to select test questions from an item pool to estimate a student's achievement level and its precision. These estimates may then be used in conjunction with certain testing strategies to facilitate certain educational decisions. The three applications considered are (a) adaptive mastery testing for determining whether or not a student has mastered a particular content area, (b) adaptive grading for assigning grades to students, and (c) adaptive self-referenced testing for estimating change in a student's achievement level. Differences between currently used classroom procedures and these CAT procedures are discussed. For the adaptive mastery testing procedure, evidence from a series of studies comparing conventional and adaptive testing procedures is presented showing that the adaptive procedure results in more accurate mastery classifications than do conventional mastery tests, while using fewer test questions.

Application of a Systems Approach to Distance Education - Daniel, Teresa A. (2006)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Application and program document for COVID-19 accelerated funding for Kenya - Global Partnership for Education (2020)

Apping and resilience: How smartphones help Syrian refugees in Lebanon negotiate the precarity of displacement - Göransson, Markus (Clingendael Netherlands Institute of International Relations, 2018)

Appendix H Quality appraisal checklist – qualitative studies | Methods for the development of NICE public health guidance (third edition) | Guidance | NICE - NICE (2012)

Appendix 2. Methodology for the Interviews and Structured Community Review - Haßler, Björn; Haseloff, Gesine; Adam, Taskeen; Akoojee, S.; Allier-Gagneur, Zoé; Ayika, S.; Bahloul, K.; Kigwilu, P. Changilwa; Costa, D. Da; Damani, Kalifa; Gordon, Rebecca; Idris, A.; et al. (Technical and Vocational Education and Training in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review of the Research Landscape, 2020)
This chapter/appendix forms part of the full report: Haßler et al. (2020). Technical and Vocational Education and Training in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review of the Research Landscape (1st ed.). VET Repository, Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung, Bonn, Germany. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4264612. The document is available under Creative Commons Attribution, and both a PDF and a Word document are avaialable.
Keywords: Author:Haßler; AuthorFirst:Haßler; Björn-CV-OECS; _yl:aa2

Annual Survey of Progress and Achievement - T-TEL (2019)

Annual Status of Education Report (Rural) 2020. Wave 1 - ASER (ASER Centre, 2020)

Annual Status of Education Report (rural) 2018 - ASER Centre (Assessment Survey Evaluation Research (India), 2018)

Annual Status of Education Report. ASER-Pakistan 2021 - ASER Pakistan (ASER Pakistan Secretariate & Idara-e-Taleem-o-Agahi, 2021)

Annual Status of Education Report ASER-PAKISTAN 2019 Urban - ASER (2020)

Annual Status of Education Report: ASER-Pakistan 2019 (National) - ASER (2020)

Annual Status of Education Report 2021 (ASER, 2022)

Annual Status of Education Report 2019 - ASER Pakistan (2020)

Annual Status of Education Report - ASER (ASER, 2019)

Annual Status of Education Report - ASER Pakistan (2019)

Annual School Census Report - Ministry of Basic and Secondary Education (2019)

Annual School Census Report - Ministry of Basic and Secondary Education (2021)
Keywords: auto_merged

Annual School Census - Ministry of Basic and Senior Secondary Education (2021)

Annual Report 2019 - Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (2019)

Annual Primary School Census 2019 (Draft) - MoPME; Directorate of Primary Education (2020)

Annual Primary School Census 2019 - MoPME (Directorate of Primary Education, 2019)

Annual Development Plan 2019/20 - Azad Government of the State of Jammu & Kashmir (2018)

Annexure W1 Explanatory memorandum to the division of revenue - National Treasury of the Republic of South Africa (2022)

Anasoma Mid-Term Report - Worldreader; R4D (Worldreader, 2017)
This report shows the initial findings of the first sprint of the Anasoma Research aimed at identifying barriers of and drivers to female mobile readership in Kenya.

Analyzing the Impact of COVID-19 on Education Professionals. Toward a Paradigm Shift: ICT and Neuroeducation as a Binomial of Action - Espino-Díaz, Luis; Fernandez-Caminero, Gemma; Hernandez-Lloret, Carmen-Maria; Gonzalez-Gonzalez, Hugo; Alvarez-Castillo, Jose-Luis (Sustainability, 2020)
This study analyzed the current situation of education in the context of the pandemic caused by COVID-19. The worldwide health emergency situation has caused the confinement of people and with it, the closure of centers and the transfer of face-to-face education to online education. Faced with these facts, teachers have had to adapt at a dizzying pace not only to new methodological approaches, but also to their own confinement, presenting high levels of stress. The purpose of this study is to offer a proposal that optimizes the work of education professionals in the current context of a pandemic through the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) under the novel approach of the contributions of neuroeducation in the field of managing emotions and motivational processes, contributing to meaningful learning in students. The symbiosis of ICT and neuroeducation can make a great contribution to the paradigm shift that is taking place today.
Keywords: covid-19; ict; neuroeducation; stress; teachers

Analyzing and Utilizing Assessment Data for Better Learning Outcomes - UNESCO (2017)

Analysis of the problems of primary education system in Pakistan: critical review of literature - Ahmad, Iqbal; Rauf, Muhammad; Rashid, Aqeela (Academic Research International, 2013)
This study critically examines the problems of primary education system in Pakistan. For this purpose a critical review of existing literature was carried out. On the basis of deeper and critical investigation into the literature, the study found that primary education is the most neglected, poorly financed and poorly managed. There is political interference in the system which breeds corruption, favoritism and nepotism. The system of supervision is weak and traditionally characterized having no effective mechanism for teacher training with poor system of accountability, teachers are underpaid and successive educational policies have failed to bring any positive changes in the system due to poor implementation. The curriculum of the primary education is outdated. Assessment is based on the memory of the students rather than their performance. On the basis of this study it is recommended that the problems can be solved by robust system of accountability, eradication of corruption, quality assessment system, non political interference, quality curriculum, teacher motivation.
Keywords: ⚠️ Invalid DOI

Analysis of Rural-Based Pre-Service Teachers Spatial-Visualisation Skills in Problem Solving in Vector Calculus Using MATLAB - Amevor, Godfred; Bayaga, Anass; Bosse, Michael (International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 2021)
In science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) for instance, interdisciplinary studies have noted positive correlation between spatial-visualization (SV skills) and mathematical problem solving. The majority of these studies sharing a link between SV skills and problem solving were contextualized in urban settings and only a few in rural settings. This investigation analyses how rural-based pre-service teachers apply their SV skills in problem-solving in a South African university, in the context of vector calculus. One hundred rural-based pre-service teachers in a second year vector calculus class at University of Zululand (UNIZULU) were randomly selected into control and experimental groups. MATLAB was used as a dynamic visual tool to analyse how research participants applied their SV skills. A mixed method approach was employed in data collection (quantitative and qualitative). Our findings revealed that the rural-based pre-service teachers’ SV skills correlate with their problem-solving skills in vector calculus.

Analysis of motor performance in individuals with cerebral palsy using a non-immersive virtual reality task – a pilot study - Martins, Fabiana Paula Almeida; Massetti, Thaís; Crocetta, Tania Brusque; Lopes, Priscila Bianchi; da Silva, Amanda Abreu; Figueiredo, Eliketylen Fernandes; de Abreu, Luiz Carlos; da Silva, Talita Dias; Monteiro, Carlos Bandeira de Mello (Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 2019)
Purpose To evaluate the performance improvement of individuals with hemiparesis cerebral palsy (CP) using a virtual task. Participants and methods Twenty individuals were selected and distributed into two groups. The experimental group (CP group) comprised ten individuals with a medical diagnosis of CP, and ten individuals with typical development (sex- and age-matched) composed the control group (TD group). Both groups followed the same intervention protocol, which included a virtual coincident timing task: the participants performed upper limb movements in front of a computer’s webcam and interacted with the task with the aim of virtually intercepting spheres that fell in four rows following the rhythm of a pre-selected song during an 8-minute period. To verify the influence on a real task, pre- and posttests were performed in a similar task, but with physical contact (using the spacebar on the keyboard of a computer). To analyze the data, we evaluated the variable, constant, and absolute errors during the task and in the pre- and posttests. Results The results showed that there was an improvement in performance between the pre- and posttests; that is, after practicing the task in an environment without physical contact, there was a performance improvement in posttests in the real task, but only for the CP group. Moreover, there were significant differences in precision and accuracy between the two groups, with worse performance in the CP group. Conclusion Individuals with CP presented better performance in the real task after practice in a virtual reality task, albeit with worse performance compared with individuals with TD. This is an interesting result that supports the possible use of virtual tasks for the rehabilitation of individuals with CP.

Análisis comparativo de las prácticas educativas implementadas en Chile y México durante la pandemia de COVID-19 | Guayana Moderna - Arizmendi Loredo, Karla Fabiola; Fernández Hidalgo, Mariana; Núñez Rivadeneira, Scott (2020)

Análisis comparativo de las prácticas educativas implementadas en Chile y México durante la pandemia de COVID-19 - Loredo, Karla Fabiola Arizmendi; Hidalgo, Mariana Fernández; Rivadeneira, Scott Núñez (Guayana Moderna, 2020)
Resumen El actual contexto de pandemia ha llevado a que los Sistemas Educativos implementen diversas herramientas para garantizar el derecho constitucional a la educación. A través de un estudio comparativo, realizado en colaboración por estudiantes de Chile y México se buscó establecer las diferencias y similitudes existentes entre ambos sistemas, incluyendo en éstas las medidas tomadas por los gobiernos de ambos países para abordar la nueva realidad de la educación a distancia, así como la situación actual en la cual se encuentran los maestros de educación básica de diversos establecimientos. Esta investigación se realizó a través de encuestas dirigidas a los docentes, y por medio del análisis de documentos e información relacionada a la organización de los sistemas educativos de Chile y México; por último, se compararon las propuestas y medidas decretadas por los mismos para su implementación en el desarrollo e impartición de las clases. Los principales resultados obtenidos en la investigación dan muestra de que las medidas implementadas por ambos países no logran resguardar el aseguramiento de la calidad, y que así mismo faltan herramientas para un correcto desarrollo de las clases virtuales. De igual forma, se presentan y analizan los resultados de las encuestas realizadas, en donde los maestros expresan su sentir acerca de los desafíos y la exigencia de la situación actual.Palabras Clave: Sistema Educativo, Educación Básica, México, Chile, Pandemia, Maestros
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

An overview of ICT for education of refugees and IDPs - Joynes, Chris; James, Zoe (2018)
This rapid review examined examples of ICT approaches to address the education needs of those living in IDP and refugee camps and lessons learned from these experiences. Although ICT is considered a good system to fulfil the education needs within refugee settings, many studies conclude that access to ICTs in schools or at home is not sufficient to improve learning outcomes. It is due to the role of a mentor or tutor figure is seen as key to productive learner engagement with technology, and the effectiveness of ICT-based education is reliant on appropriate teacher training to ensure successful up-take at the classroom level (Tauson & Stannard 2018: 47, 62; UNESCO 2018: 74; Carlson 2013: 30). Secondly, in terms of content, ICTs for education should provide content that is responsive or adaptable to the learners’ level, is implemented in line with the local curriculum and also is relevant to the learners’ context (Tauson & Stannard 2018: 36-38, 61). Despite this potential for ICTs, there remains a broad lack of evidence related to education in refugee settings (Burde et al. 2015; Tauson & Stannard 2018; World Bank 2016). In particular, more information is needed on pedagogic design, on the effective use of ICTs for learning, on the role of ICTs in ensuring continuity of and linkages between learning in formal and non-formal settings, on the role of ICTs in educational data-gathering, and on the cost-effectiveness of ICT-led interventions (Burde et al 2015; Tausin & Stannard 2018; Carlson 2013). In light of the availability of evidence, some of the studies cited here instead supplement their findings by drawing on observational studies, and on studies on effective ICT usage from learners in non-refugee contexts (Burde et al. 2015; Tauson & Stannard 2018).
Keywords: Google Scholar/ "education technology" refugees; RER theme_general; RER theme_pedagogies and modalities; ⛔ No DOI found

An overview of e-learning in China: History, challenges and opportunities - Wang, Yan; Liu, Xuan; Zhang, Zhenhong (Research in Comparative and International Education, 2018)
The Chinese government has attached great importance to the development of e-learning since its emergence in the 1990s. As a consequence of the implementation of a series of policies, China has made significant achievements in the e-learning arena with respect to infrastructure construction, production of resources, academic education, non-academic training, and education for disadvantaged groups. However, due to the constraints of China’s traditional culture, information literacy, and educational mechanisms, challenges have emerged in the implementation of e-learning that need urgently to be addressed. As e-learning in China continues to grow, major research areas such as students’ and teachers’ perspectives on developments in e-learning, teachers’ pedagogical capacity and ongoing professional development in e-learning settings, and the production of more convenient and useful e-learning resources, are likely to be topics of continuing research interest.
Keywords: Challenges; China; ICT in education; e-learning; professional development; successes

An Overlooked Indicator of Edtech Quality: The Use of Learning Sciences Research - Van Nostrand, Parker; Noakes, Sierra; Shah, Zohal; Luke Luna, Christina (2022)

An Outline of General System Theory - von Bertalanffy, Ludwig (The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 1950)
A survey of the history of science shows that very similar conceptions have been developed independently in various branches of science. At present, for example, holistic interpretations are prevalent in all fields whereas in the past atomistic explanations were common. Such considerations lead to the postulation of General System Theory which is a logico-mathematical discipline applicable to all sciences concerned with systems. The fact that certain principles have general applicability to systems explains the occurrence of isomorphic laws in different scientific fields. Just as Aristotelian logic was a fundamental organon for the classificatory sciences of antiquity, so may General System Theory define the general principles of dynamic interaction which appears as the central problem of modern science. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

An open source machine learning framework for efficient and transparent systematic reviews - van de Schoot, Rens; de Bruin, Jonathan; Schram, Raoul; Zahedi, Parisa; de Boer, Jan; Weijdema, Felix; Kramer, Bianca; Huijts, Martijn; Hoogerwerf, Maarten; Ferdinands, Gerbrich; Harkema, Albert; Willemsen, Joukje; et al. (Nature Machine Intelligence, 2021)
To help researchers conduct a systematic review or meta-analysis as efficiently and transparently as possible, we designed a tool to accelerate the step of screening titles and abstracts. For many tasks—including but not limited to systematic reviews and meta-analyses—the scientific literature needs to be checked systematically. Scholars and practitioners currently screen thousands of studies by hand to determine which studies to include in their review or meta-analysis. This is error prone and inefficient because of extremely imbalanced data: only a fraction of the screened studies is relevant. The future of systematic reviewing will be an interaction with machine learning algorithms to deal with the enormous increase of available text. We therefore developed an open source machine learning-aided pipeline applying active learning: ASReview. We demonstrate by means of simulation studies that active learning can yield far more efficient reviewing than manual reviewing while providing high quality. Furthermore, we describe the options of the free and open source research software and present the results from user experience tests. We invite the community to contribute to open source projects such as our own that provide measurable and reproducible improvements over current practice.
Keywords: Computational biology and bioinformatics; Computer science; Medical research; SARS-CoV-2; _Added-ailr-2024

An OLPC workshop in rural Tanzania: Preliminary results - Apiola, M.; Pakarinen, S.; Moisseinen, N.; Tedre, M. (2013 IEEE 13th International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, 2013)
One-to-one computing is an active and widely researched topic in educational technology. Its benefits include, for instance, easily up datable material base, anywhere-anytime learning, adaptability, and simulated experiments in science. The use of one-to-one computing in a developing country context has recently become an active research topic. However, the materialization of the educational benefits requires proper contextualization regarding the necessary pedagogical, organizational, institutional, and other types of adaptation. This paper presents preliminary results from an action research study in a primary school in rural Tanzania. In that study, the utilization of one-to-one computing in a combination with modern pedagogical approaches to teach ICT and health care topics was studied.
Keywords: Conferences; Developing country context; Educational institutions; Games; ICT; Materials; OLPC workshop; One-Laptop-Per-Child Foundation; Portable computers; Tanzania; anywhere-anytime learning; computer aided instruction; educational technology; information-and-communication technology; institutional learning; one-to-one computing; organizational learning; pedagogical approach; pedagogical learning

An Investigation on Learning Performance among Disabled People Using Educational Multimedia Software: A Case Study for Deaf People - Masitry, Ananthi Krishnasami; Majid, Mazlina Abdul; Toh, M Zulfahmi; Herawan, Tutut (2013)
The increasing number of people with hearing-impaired in Malaysia attracts to produce a variety of technologies, which can assist the deaf people in carrying out their tasks in everyday life as normal people. New technology can help to decrease the difficulty that hearing-impaired people faces in daily life to use the information services like normal people. Thus, this paper focuses on: i) developing a new multimedia courseware for pre-school students with hearing problem, and ii) comparing the deaf student’s learning performance before and after using the courseware. Four modules were developed for e-MSL courseware consist of alphabets, numbers, words and quizzes with colorful text, animation, sounds, video and pictures using Malaysian Sign Language (MSL). Sekolah Rendah Pendidikan Khas (SRPK) Indera Mahkota II, Kuantan has been chosen as the case study for data collection and for investigating the student learning performance on the courseware. The survey results show that 100% of the respondents have agreed that using e-MSL courseware managed to reduce the student learning time more than 80%. The result has indicated that students have shown better learning performance using e-MSL compared to traditional learning.

An Investigation of the Impact of an Intervention to Reduce Academic Procrastination Using Short Message Service (SMS) Technology - Davis, D; Abbitt, J (Journal of Interactive Online Learning, 2013)
This mixed-method pilot study investigated the impact of a custom Short Message Service (SMS) reminder system developed to help students reduce procrastination and increase performance on weekly content-related quizzes in a high-enrollment hybrid online course. Text message reminders were sent to three students with high procrastination and low performance levels on a schedule based on free-operant avoidance principles, where messages would be terminated upon completion of the weekly quiz. The results suggest that there was sufficient evidence that the system had a positive effect on procrastination levels, but less evidence for an effect on performance. Subsequent interviews with the participants confirmed the utility and potential of the system, and revealed areas for improvement in the implementation of the SMS reminder system as well as an understanding of the students’ response to the intervention.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

An Investigation of Provision of Quality Basic Education in Ghana: A Case Study of Selected Schools in the Central Region - Ampiah, Joseph (Journal of International Cooperation in Education, 2008)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

An Investigation of pre-service teachers' motives for using Instagram: Pre-service teachers' motives for using Instagram - Ramazanoğlu, Mehmet; Toytok, Esef Hakan (International Journal of Curriculum and Instruction, 2021)
The aim of the study was to determine the motivations of pre-service teachers to use Instagram program, which is one of the common social media tools, in the context of developments in information and communication technologies in order to achieve sustainable learning and examine them according to various variables. The study was designed via descriptive survey model in the quantitative method. The population of the research consisted of pre-service teachers who pursued their education at the Faculty of Education of Siirt University in the spring term of 2018-2019 academic year. In the study, convenient sampling (easily accessible) and criterion sampling methods were utilized. In this context, 384 of the 495 scales distributed were returned and 56 of them were excluded from the research because they were not properly filled, 163 of them were excluded from the research because they did not meet the criteria; therefore, opinions of 165 pre-service teachers were included in the research and analysed. Personal demographic form and Instagram usage motivation scale were used as data collection tool of the research. The results obtained in the research showed that pre-service teachers use Instagram for social escape / relaxation and personal development / self-expression the most with respect to their motivations to use Instagram while they use it with the purpose of entertainment / habit the least. It was observed that Instagram using motivations of pre-service teachers show significant differences in different factors according to gender, age, department and daily time spent in Instagram variables. In addition, it was found out that pre-service teachers should be able to use the Instagram program, which is one of the world-renowned social networking software, for a sustainable education and training life more dynamically and effectively.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

An investigation of appropriate new technologies to support interactive teaching in Zambian schools (ANTSIT). A joint report from Aptivate and the Centre for Commonwealth Education (University of Cambridge). Final Report to DfID. - Haßler, Björn; Hennessy, S.; Lord, T.; Cross, A.; Jackson, A.; Simpson, M. (Aptivate and University of Cambridge, 2011)
Keywords: Author:Haßler; dode_eth-src-dode; dode_eth-trf2-dode