Two Years After: Saving a Generation - World Bank, UNICEF (World Bank, 2022)
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1596/37586 2339240:IN2YYX94 2405685:KU65BNHC

WebPower package - RDocumentation - Zhang, Zhiyong (2022)
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:4GT9U2LB 2405685:ZTAPFIXC

Encouraging Community Action Against Teacher Absenteeism: A Mass Media Experiment in Rural Uganda - Wilke, Anna M.; Green, Donald P.; Tan, Benjamin (The Journal of Development Studies, 2021)
Chronic teacher absenteeism is widespread in Uganda, with approximately one-third of public school teachers absent on any given day. Absenteeism and other problems that arise in Uganda’s public education system are often attributed to a lack of public oversight and parental involvement. In an effort to develop a scalable method of encouraging community engagement on this issue, the present study assesses the extent to which entertainment-education videos increase willingness among Ugandans to take action against absenteeism. Working in collaboration with Ugandan screenwriters and local actors, we developed video dramatisations that depicted the problem of absenteeism and how parents mobilised to address it. We assess the persuasive effects of these dramatisations both under lab-like conditions, to gauge immediate effects, and in the field, to gauge effects two months and eight months after a placebo-controlled media campaign attended by over 10,000 Ugandans in 112 villages. Although the persuasive effects are weaker in the field than the lab setting, the former remain substantial even after eight months. The demonstrated ability of entertainment-education to change public views on this issue sets the stage for policy experiments that test whether entertainment-education campaigns have downstream effects on absenteeism and public school performance more generally.
Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2021.2008367 KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1080/00220388.2021.2008367 2129771:MEAS58AG 2339240:9PCHFF4I 2405685:GLI5RLLR 4556019:Z9A72XEC
Keywords: Africa; access to education; education quality

Raising readers: Kenya schools use of technology to improve parent and carers' engagement in literacy learning: Inception Report - Nicolai, Susan; Zubairi, Asma; Bapna, Akanksha; Myers, Christina (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.5784255 2405685:ZT3TGJ26
Keywords: _r:AddedByZotZen

Social Emotional Learning and EdTech: Resources, Examples, and Effective Practices - Rui, Yang (Tingting) (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.5778309 2405685:8TZZZUMT
Keywords: F: Helpdesk response; _r:AddedByZotZen

Teachers’ adoption of an open and interactive e-book for teaching K-12 students Artificial Intelligence: a mixed methods inquiry - Zhang, Xiangling; Tlili, Ahmed; Shubeck, Keith; Hu, Xiangen; Huang, Ronghuai; Zhu, Lixin (Smart Learning Environments, 2021)
With the rapid development of information technology, e-books have become convenient for students to improve their learning performance, especially when learning complicated concepts. However, research showed that acceptance of e-books by teachers is fragmented, due to several factors including the e-book design. Therefore, this study combined the potential positive impacts of openness and interaction on learning to design an open and interactive e-book for teaching K-12 students AI. It then applied a mixed method to investigate the factors that affect teachers’ acceptance of this open and interactive e-book based on the technology acceptance model (TAM) and interviews. The obtained results showed that teachers’ intention to continue using this e-book is significantly influenced by their perceived usefulness and attitude towards this e-book. Additionally, both the interactive and openness features were very helpful for teachers in using this e-book in their teaching plans. However, some of them raised several concerns like the interactive coding platform should be personalized based on students’ age. The findings of this study could help different stakeholders (e.g., instructional designers, teachers, policymakers) in facilitating the design and adoption of open and interactive e-books.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1186/s40561-021-00176-5 2339240:2U8R2BFF 2405685:395HKI8Z

Digital Learning Solutions | Digital Learning For Every Child - Giraldo, Juan Pablo; Tungatarova, Auken; Cooper, Rachel (EdTech Hub, 2021)
UNICEF and EdTech Hub are partnering together to improve learning outcomes through effective uses of EdTech and digital learning. Read this guest post from UNICEF team members which focuses on the first pillar of UNICEF’s Reimagine Education initiative, world-class digital learning solutions.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:CF8CHKIM 2405685:9WZQKU59

Mapping the education data ecosystem in Sierra Leone - McBurnie, Chris; Beoku-Betts, Iman (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.5652942 10.53832/edtechhub.0068 2339240:GXUF5TA5 2339240:HHY6M835 2339240:SUEMN855 2405685:8S3IIB2B 2405685:EE9QCGHI 2405685:Q7YZW4YW 2405685:RN79UTQY 4656463:GIIQKETU 4656463:Y8LQGZWY
Keywords: _r:AddedByZotZen

Preparation, Practice, and Beliefs: A Machine Learning Approach to Understanding Teacher Effectiveness - Filmer, Deon; Nahata, Vatsal; Sabarwal, Shwetlena (Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), 2021)
This paper uses machine learning methods to identify key predictors of teacher effectiveness, proxied by student learning gains linked to a teacher over an academic year. Conditional inference forests and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator are applied to matched student-teacher data for Math and Kiswahili from Grades 2 and 3 in 392 schools across Tanzania. These two machine learning methods produce consistent results and outperform standard ordinary least squares in out-of-sample prediction by 14-24 percent. As in previous research, commonly used teacher covariates like teacher gender, education, experience, and so forth are not good predictors of teacher effectiveness. Instead, teacher practice (what teachers do, measured through classroom observations and student surveys) and teacher beliefs (measured through teacher surveys) emerge as much more important. Overall, teacher covariates are stronger predictors of teacher effectiveness in Math than in Kiswahili. Teacher beliefs that they can help disadvantaged and struggling students learn (for Math) and they have good relationships within schools (for Kiswahili), teacher practice of providing written feedback and reviewing key concepts at the end of class (for Math), and spending extra time with struggling students (for Kiswahili) are highly predictive of teacher effectiveness, as is teacher preparation on how to teach foundational topics (for both Math and Kiswahili). These results demonstrate the need to pay more systematic attention to teacher preparation, practice, and beliefs in teacher research and policy.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.35489/BSG-RISE-WP_2021/084 2339240:36V6MWVY 2405685:LBATNMUL

State releases rules on learner capitation grants, school funds - Githinji, Irene (People Daily, 2021)
One of the policy goals is to enhance access and disbursement of learner capitation grants and other school funds to all public schools.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:DRAWWYNI 2405685:KPF3QK8G 4656463:5ZEV3KM2

Building State Capacity - Di Maro, Vincenzo; Evans, David K.; Khemani, Stuti; Scot, Thiago (2021)
Although research has established the importance of state capacity in economic development, less is known about how to build that capacity and the role of external partners in the process. This paper estimates the impact of a typical development project designed to build state capacity in a low-income country. Specifically, it evaluates a multilateral development bank project in Tanzania, which incentivized investments in local state capacity by offering grants conditional on institutional performance scores. The paper uses a difference-in-differences methodology to estimate the project impact, comparing outcomes between 18 project and 22 non-project local governments over 2016–18. Outcomes were measured through two rounds of primary surveys of nearly 500 local government officials and nearly 3,000 households. Over the course of the project, measured state capacity improved in project areas, but due to comparable gains in non-project areas, the project’s value-added to change in state capacity is estimated to be zero across all the dozens of relevant variables in the surveys. The data suggest that state capacity is evolving in Tanzania through endogenous changes in trust and legitimacy in the country rather than from financial incentives offered by external partners.
Publisher: World Bank, Washington, DC KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:JPXRZ2XQ 2405685:5ZSUJQ6H 4656463:RBLHVDBX
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Statistical Yearbook of Cambodia 2021 - Royal Government of Cambodia Ministry of Planning (2021)
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:KUKE8JDT 2405685:DRJPZIV2

M-Lugha: Improving Student’s Access to Literacy and Numeracy by using Local Language Instruction in Northern Kenya - Cordeiro, Paula (Global Ed Leadership, 2021)
Abdinoor Alimahdi is a former telecommunications engineer from Kenya. He is an Award winning EdTech innovator and social entrepreneur. Some of the awards include: Best 100 startups (StartupIs…
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2405685:4T6JUN7V 4042040:68NXCIFI

Remote Learning During COVID-19: Lessons from Today, Principles for Tomorrow - Munoz-Najar, Alberto; Gilberto, Alison; Hasan, Amer; Cobo, Cristobal; Azevedo, Joao Pedro; Akmal, Maryam (World Bank, 2021)
School closures during COVID-19 (coronavirus) led to an unprecedented global experiment in the delivery of remote learning. This report seeks to assess what lessons can be drawn from experiences of remote learning during COVID-19 in K-12 education, with a focus on low- and middle-income countries. It focuses on the period from March 2020 to October 2021 and addresses the following key questions: 1. Was remote learning during COVID-19 taken up and if so, was it effective That is, did children learn as much as they did during pre-pandemic, in-person learning 2. What lessons can governments derive from this wide-spread experience 3. How might policymakers use these lessons to reimagine learning as schools begin to reopen This report is part of a larger effort led by the World Bank to provide guidance and technical assistance to optimize country effectiveness in the design and execution of remote learning strategies. It has been developed in conjunction with Remote Learning During the Global School Lockdown: Multi-Country Lessons, a qualitative study conducted between May and November 2020 to understand the perceived effectiveness of remote and remedial learning solutions implemented across 17 countries.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1596/36665 2339240:K4ED7NM9 2405685:6MM7PBEE

Behavioral nudges to prevent learning losses and dropout risk during the pandemic: experimental evidence from Brazil - Lichand, Guilherme; Christen, Julien; van Egeraat, Eppie (University of Zurich Department of Economics, 2021)
Using a cluster-randomized control trial with 18, 256 high-school students across 87 schools in the State of Goiás, Brazil, this paper documents that behavioral nudges, sent through text messages to students or their caregivers during remote learning in the context of COVID-19, significantly increased test scores in a standardized assessment test conducted with high-school seniors on the following year. Impacts were positive across the entire test score distribution, but nudges increased inequality in test scores. Relying on missing scorecard grades as a proxy for dropout risk across all high-school grades during remote learning, we show that nudges decreased this metric by 20% (although the effect is only imprecisely estimated). In contrast to test scores, nudges decreased inequality in dropout risk. Additional experiments that varied the content of nudges at the student level illustrate the opportunities and challenges of using behavioral insights to motivate students in the context of remote learning.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.2139/ssrn.3724386 2339240:VMRHPQ3G 2405685:FXZ3IKVM
Keywords: COVID-19; Dropouts; Learning Losses; Nudges; Remote Learning

Impact of Covid-19 on the education of children with disabilities in Malawi: reshaping parental engagement for the future - Singal, Nidhi; Mbukwa-Ngwira, Jenipher; Taneja-Johansson, Shruti; Lynch, Paul; Chatha, Gertrude; Umar, Eric (International Journal of Inclusive Education, 2021)
Covid-19 has led to unparalleled school closures and bought about extraordinary and unique challenges to ensuring continuity of learning for children across countries. This paper focuses on the educational experiences of children with disabilities in Malawi. Using a telephone survey, 99 parents/carers were interviewed about the impact of school closure on them and their child with disabilities. Parents reported as being overwhelmingly dissatisfied with the educational experiences of their child with disabilities, with a significant number reporting that they had no contact with the school or the teachers during closures. Children with disabilities were reported as spending very little time on formal learning activities. Nonetheless, parents were confident that their child with disabilities would return to school once these re-opened, as parents noted the loss of structure for their child’s day and increased loneliness arising from lack of contact with their friends. As schools reopen, the mental health of children with disabilities, alongside their learning, will need to be a priority. Finally, parents highlighted the need for more active involvement in their child’s schooling, so that they are able to support them better when they are at home.
Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2021.1965804 KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1080/13603116.2021.1965804 2339240:QH5LTGZL 2405685:GDE8Q2X8
Keywords: Covid-19; Malawi; disability; education; parent; telephone survey

Guidebook to Successful Implementation of Digital Education - Traore, Moussa (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.5719833 2405685:RTJ2Z8MX
Keywords: _r:AddedByZotZen

Developing a teacher-focused theory of change for technology-enhanced teaching and learning - EdTech Hub Team (2021)
Internal Brief
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2405685:2SL6PDSS

Helping families help themselves? Heterogeneous effects of a digital parenting program - Amaral, Sofia; Dinarte Diaz, Lelys; Dominguez, Patricio; Perez-Vincent, Santiago M. (The World Bank, 2021)
Parenting practices are crucial for the development of children’s brains and social skills. However, parenting styles may be far from ideal, particularly those of caregivers with high stress levels. Using an individual-level experiment with male and female caregivers of young children in El Salvador, this paper evaluates the impact of a free digital stress management and positive parenting intervention. The results indicate that, for males, the intervention increased stress and anxiety and lowered caregiver-child interactions.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1596/1813-9450-9850 2339240:EX5ZSVPT 2405685:I2CW3M3E

Rayyan - AI Powered Tool for Systematic Literature Reviews (2021)
Rayyan is an intelligent research collaboration platform that saves you time completing literature reviews and systematic reviews. Intuitive, scalable, fast.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2405685:DFTNNFWJ 2486141:3P8XGBYL
Keywords: _Added-ailr-2024

Ed tech, long overhyped, missed its moment amid COVID-19. What now? - Cheney, Catherine (Devex, 2021)
Devex speaks with the experts about how low-cost education technology might ensure more equitable access to remote learning during the pandemic and in any future disruptions to schooling.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:SA86GYJN 2405685:S289T9JY

Voices and Evidence from End-Users of the GLTV and GLRRP Remote Learning Programme in Ghana: Insights for inclusive policy and programming - Hodor, Raymond; Owusu, Ernest Adu; Ofori-Davis, Lucy; Afram, Alexander; Sefa-Nyarko, Clement (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.5611467 10.53832/edtechhub.0064 2339240:E542Q29N 2405685:2A5NQEV8 2405685:6JC7RU69 2405685:T3ZQ74QF
Keywords: _r:AddedByZotZen

Understanding Teacher Digital Competence in the Framework of Social Sustainability: A Systematic Review - De la Calle, Ana Maria; Pacheco-Costa, Alejandra; Gomez-Ruiz, Miguel Ángel; Guzman-Simon, Fernando (MDPI Journals, 2021)
Due to the global COVID-19 pandemic, ICT has been urgently introduced in education systems in a generalised manner. In this context, it is essential for teachers to master a spectrum of basic digital competencies and manifest digital leadership in the classroom. In addition, it is necessary to consider the relationship between digital competence development and social sustainability, that is, social and cultural heritage, and to what extent they contribute to improving social cohesion and living conditions in a community. This study presents a systematic review of research on teacher digital competence and social sustainability based on the PRISMA model and a review of 22 studies indexed in SCOPUS. The review reveals that most are intended to measure the digital competence level of teachers, usually in compulsory stages of the educational system and through quantitative studies based on virtual questionnaires comprised of closed-ended questions. However, the studies tend to ignore questions related to social sustainability (access to resources, heritage culture, intergenerational transmission, employability, or gender equality). It is therefore urgent to develop research committed to a sustainable society that is oriented towards social justice.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.3390/su132313283 2339240:KETKPSD6 2405685:GWCW5FRL

Kenya Partnership Compact. 2021 | Documents | Global Partnership for Education - Global Partnership for Education (2021)
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:TZEUP59V 2405685:FABDEDV3

Gender-responsive education in emergency in Nigeria: Safeguarding Girls' Presents and Futures - Ossai, , Edem D (Brookings Institution, 2021)
This policy brief highlights ways that a gender-responsive perspective can be fully incorporated into planning, policy design, and implementation models for education in emergencies (EiE) in Nigeria, so that governments and education stakeholders can ensure that girls, like boys, can continue learning in times of crisis.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:5S7KQM66 2405685:ZMSKJPQP

Mapping education data in sub-Saharan Africa: Our experience from the Unlocking Data campaign and Sierra Leone - Unlocking Data (2021)
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:HAKTFJKU 2405685:YPE9D2W3

World Bank: pandemic threatens to drive unprecedented number of children into learning poverty - World Bank (2021)
World Bank: Pandemic Threatens to Drive Unprecedented Number of Children into Learning Poverty
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:FD3S4QP4 2405685:WECGJJ5S

Integration of Technology in Education for Marginalised Children in an Urban Slum of Dhaka City During the Covid-19 Pandemic - Islam, Touhidul; Hussain, Maria; Shimul, Shafiun Nahin; Rupok, Rifat Islam; Orthy, S.R.Khan (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.5602863 10.53832/edtechhub.0063 2339240:I3JETHDB 2405685:5ZF9VGMK 2405685:6P5Q5IRZ 2405685:BIRTYTRC
Keywords: _r:AddedByZotZen

Dialling up Learning: Testing the Impact of Delivering Educational Content via Interactive Voice Response to Students and Teachers in Ghana - Afoakwah, Edmund; Carballo, Francisco; Caro, Alex; D’Cunha, Samantha; Dobrowolski, Stephanie; Fallon, Alexandra (EdTech Hub, 2021)
This study explores the potential impact of interactive audio content for students and teachers delivered via Interactive Voice Response (IVR) in Ghana following the reopening of schools. The content for the lessons was drawn from the Rising On Air (ROA) audio library, a 20-week programme developed by Rising Academies to support student learning over the radio during Covid-19 pandemic-related school closures. Rising Academies’ 30 low-cost private primary schools, known as Omega schools, were included in a randomised controlled trial. Half of the schools were randomised to receive the student intervention and the other half to receive the teacher intervention. Of the total sample of 1,359 students, 719 students in Grades 4, 5 and 6 received daily audio lessons that focused on foundational numeracy skills. Of the total sample of 333 teachers, 160 teachers received weekly professional development sessions focused on the instruction of foundational reading. In the student intervention, no significant effect was found on students’ math skills and although the majority of students reported liking the intervention and wanting it to continue, engagement was a significant challenge. Results from the teacher intervention indicated an improvement in teachers’ understanding of phonemic awareness, phonics, and morphology. Teachers’ beliefs about their ability to improve student learning in the areas of reading and engagement also increased, but the potential impact on student outcomes was not measured. Differences between the student and teacher interventions suggest some important considerations for future interventions delivered via IVR and highlight some of the challenges as well as potential opportunities for more effective low-tech solutions. An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
10.5281/zenodo.5555076 KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.5555076 10.53832/edtechhub.0051 2339240:7EJ6NEY6 2339240:AD3D9NRM 2339240:T92LLPYZ 2339240:YKA7P6GC 2405685:CJ35EP8W 2405685:ELJ87ZBC 2405685:MHMXZI8J 2405685:MXVNKUM2 2405685:P22BR78B 2405685:SNBG3VHT 2405685:UU5ZKKBE 2405685:X2ZWDMSU 2486141:F5MWP7EH 2534379:NKAFRXZM
Keywords: _r:AddedByZotZen

Dialling up Learning: Testing the Impact of Delivering Educational Content via Interactive Voice Response to Students and Teachers in Ghana - Afoakwah, Edmund; Carballo, Francisco; Caro, Alex; D’Cunha, Samantha; Dobrowolski, Stephanie; Fallon, Alexandra (EdTech Hub, 2021)
This study explores the potential impact of interactive audio content for students and teachers delivered via Interactive Voice Response (IVR) in Ghana following the reopening of schools. The content for the lessons was drawn from the Rising On Air (ROA) audio library, a 20-week programme developed by Rising Academies to support student learning over the radio during Covid-19 pandemic-related school closures. Rising Academies’ 30 low-cost private primary schools, known as Omega schools, were included in a randomised controlled trial. Half of the schools were randomised to receive the student intervention and the other half to receive the teacher intervention. Of the total sample of 1,359 students, 719 students in Grades 4, 5 and 6 received daily audio lessons that focused on foundational numeracy skills. Of the total sample of 333 teachers, 160 teachers received weekly professional development sessions focused on the instruction of foundational reading. In the student intervention, no significant effect was found on students’ math skills and although the majority of students reported liking the intervention and wanting it to continue, engagement was a significant challenge. Results from the teacher intervention indicated an improvement in teachers’ understanding of phonemic awareness, phonics, and morphology. Teachers’ beliefs about their ability to improve student learning in the areas of reading and engagement also increased, but the potential impact on student outcomes was not measured. Differences between the student and teacher interventions suggest some important considerations for future interventions delivered via IVR and highlight some of the challenges as well as potential opportunities for more effective low-tech solutions. An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
10.5281/zenodo.5555076 KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.5555076 10.53832/edtechhub.0051 2339240:7EJ6NEY6 2339240:T92LLPYZ 2339240:YKA7P6GC 2405685:CJ35EP8W 2405685:ELJ87ZBC 2405685:MHMXZI8J 2405685:MXVNKUM2 2405685:P22BR78B 2405685:UU5ZKKBE 2405685:X2ZWDMSU 2486141:F5MWP7EH 2534379:NKAFRXZM
Keywords: _r:AddedByZotZen

Pakistan - Data Protection Overview - Rehman, Shafaq (DataGuidance, 2021)
October 2021 INTRODUCTION Pakistan does not have any extensive data protection legislation in place that specifically regulates matters in connection with the processing of personal data. The Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act, 2016 ('PECA') is currently the primary legislation that provides a legal framework in relation to various kinds of electronic crimes and also extends to the unauthorised access to personal data.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:XWWK2XCE 2405685:VLSFBU3F

New drive launched to get 250,000 out-of-school children back to class in 16 counties - UNICEF (2021)
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:6RX7TX9N 2405685:CY6AHZ2A

FCDO - GEC - Belfield, Sophie; Mathur, Meenu; Caine, Ellie (2021)
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:83NFRUKM 2405685:KL5VN6CJ

Using learning profiles to inform education priorities: An editors’ overview of the Special Issue - Crouch, Luis; Kaffenberger, Michelle; Savage, Laura (International Journal of Educational Development, 2021)
This special issue explores the use of learning profiles for analysing the dynamics of low learning in low- and middle-income countries and informing priorities to address the learning crisis. The 12 papers in the special issue draw on learning data from more than 50 countries and 6 million individuals, with implications for education policy and practice. Taken together, they point to a need to steepen learning trajectories by prioritizing early mastery of foundational skills for all children. The papers show that addressing the learning crisis will not be achieved through more school grade attainment alone, nor through within-country equality across groups (such as girls and boys or rich and poor). Positive examples show that programs focused on foundational learning both improved average learning and reduced inequality. Addressing the learning crisis will require a focus on systems improvement, using foundational learning as a case in point for making the needed systems improvements to steepen learning throughout children’s time in school. Learning profiles can provide a guide for education actors aiming to improve learning outcomes.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1016/j.ijedudev.2021.102477 2339240:URQN9N62 2405685:XXLGUC8W
Keywords: Education systems; Foundational skills; Inequality; Learning crisis; Learning profiles

All Programmes Recorded, All Outputs Reported - Haßler, Björn; Adam, Taskeen; Blower, Thomas; El-Serafy, Yomna; Kaye, Tom; Khalayleh, Abdullah; McBurnie, Chris; Megha-Bongnkar, Ghislaine; Regis, Callista (EdTech Hub, 2021)
previousDOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4698917 KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.4698917 10.53832/edtechhub.0050 2129771:WSQ43VG8 2405685:VJYXV8JP
Keywords: AuthorFirst:Haßler; _yl:q

COVID-19 learning losses: Early grade reading in South Africa - Ardington, Cally; Wills, Gabrielle; Kotze, Janeli (International Journal of Educational Development, 2021)
• In South Africa in 2020 around 60 % of early grade school days were lost due to COVID. • Grade 2 students have reading losses of between 57 % and 70 % of a year of learning. • Grade 4 students have reading losses of between 62 % and 81 % of a year of learning. • These losses imply learning to schooling loss ratios in the region of 1–1.4. • Students with stronger initial reading proficiency are more negatively impacted. Using three different studies on early grade reading from no-fee schools across in South Africa, this paper establishes short-term learning losses in reading for grade 2 and 4 students from under-resourced school contexts. We find that in 2020 grade 2 students lost between 57 % and 70 % of a year of learning relative to their pre-pandemic peers. Among a grade 4 sample, learning losses are estimated at between 62 % and 81 % of a year of learning. Considering that in 2020 students in the samples lost between 56 %–60 % of contact teaching days due to school closures and rotational timetabling schedules compared to a pre-pandemic year, this implies learning to schooling loss ratios in the region of 1–1.4. There is some evidence from the grade 4 sample that the reading trajectories of children benefiting more from attending school pre-pandemic – namely girls and children with stronger initial reading proficiency - are more negatively impacted. Mitigating the long-run implications of these learning losses will require a significant pivoting of the education system to ensure that instructional practices are appropriately levelled to optimise learning.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1016/j.ijedudev.2021.102480 2339240:3AG6DC4Z 2405685:UZD3F4EQ
Keywords: BEGINNING reading; COVID-19; COVID-19 pandemic; Early grade reading; Learning losses; READING (Preschool); READING ability testing; SCHOOL closings; School closure

ClassRoute: An English to Punjabi Educational Video Translation Pipeline for Supporting Punjabi Mother-Tongue Education - Shaghaghi, Navid; Ghosh, Smita; Kapoor, Raghav (2021 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC), 2021)
Information Communication Technology (ICT) permeates almost every aspect of our daily lives and has become one of the most important priorities for formal and informal education. However, many people particularly those in least developed countries, are unable to reap the benefits due to lack of access to ICT but also due to lack of access to quality educational material. Additionally, in Punjab India, due to a shortage of resources and lack of infrastructure, the education system suffers from massive gaps including high student to teacher ratios, shortage of qualified teachers, and poor teacher training programs. This all has also been further exacerbated due to the COVID19 Pandemic as schools shut down globally and all teaching/learning activities moved online where possible or were canceled otherwise. In an effort to help relieve some of the burden on the Punjabi education system, and motivated by the proven efficiency of mother-tongue based education as well as the importance of visual-based learning, this paper introduces a pipeline for translating English educational videos into Punjabi equivalents which seeks to go beyond simple translation and in future iterations take into consideration the cultural needs of the learners in order to better connect them with the topics being taught. This pipeline is among a series of under construction pipelines aimed at translating English educational videos into other languages, dubbed as ClassRoute.
ISSN: 2377-6919 KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1109/GHTC53159.2021.9612485 2405685:S27BBK9U 4042040:GWNJB5CP
Keywords: Bridging the Digital Divide; Education; Education Technology (EdTech); Humanitarian Information Communications Technology (ICT); Language Translation; Natural Language Processing (NLP); Pandemics; Pipelines; Quality Education; Semantics; Tongue; Tools; Training

Situation analysis on the effects of and responses to COVID-19 on the education sector in Asia - UNICEF ROSA; UNICEF EAPRO; UNESCO Bangkok; Cambridge Education (UNICEF, 2021)
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:X4I7DTV2 2405685:8K3IJB8S

Poverty and Equity Brief: Pakistan - World Bank (2021)
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:B7JZ5PAL 2405685:HWGIHZ4M

Educational Technology: How Important Is It In Today's Education Industry? - Lim, Alexander (eLearning Industry, 2021)
Technological advancement has impacted a lot on education. Find out the 7 most common benefits of educational technology!
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:I6IJMXVZ 2405685:79G9FM7F

Technology, Teacher Professional Development and Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Technical report on systematic mapping review - Hennessy, Sara; D'Angelo, Sophia; McIntyre, Nora; Koomar, Saalim; Kreimeia, Adam; Cao, Lydia; Brugha, Meaghan; Zubairi, Asma (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
10.5281/zenodo.5524840 KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.5524840 10.53832/edtechhub.0047 2339240:LSC89UVX 2339240:RIE9TWUK 2339240:SI398B6V 2405685:54BCQ23M 2405685:6NNCFPHE 2405685:77NJVUB6 2405685:HUY7VUM6 2405685:VTQDT65R 2405685:WFDCC7KZ 2534378:BQ8BJBGF
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate; _r:AddedByZotZen

test - jac, nyili (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.5524863 2405685:86XEZU2S
Keywords: _r:AddedByZotZen

Understanding Barriers to Girls’ Access and Use of EdTech in Kenya During Covid-19 - Tembey, Lara; Baier, Jasmin; Ogolla, Concilia; Mohan, Prithika (EdTech Hub and Busara Center for Behavioural Economics, 2021)
The Covid-19 pandemic resulted in the closure of approximately 90,000 schools across Kenya, causing over 18 million pre-primary, primary, and secondary school learners to be out of school throughout 2020. These lockdown measures of Covid-19 are expected to amplify gender inequalities in education and girls’ access to school, with girls likely to have experienced losses in learning during the pandemic to a greater extent than their male counterparts (⇡Malala Fund, 2020). To enable continued learning during this period, numerous education technology (EdTech) solutions and products have been developed to enable remote learning. This technology can be a powerful tool for girls. Studies have shown that girls engage more than boys when provided with the same level of access to technology, and receive more benefits beyond the realm of formal education such as an increase in access to economic opportunities and a greater ability to make informed decisions about their own health (⇡Webb et al., 2020). However, social inequalities, norms and technological constraints can disproportionately prevent girls from accessing and benefiting from EdTech (⇡Crompton et al., 2021). As such, EdTech interventions and products need to be designed and implemented prioritising gender considerations, otherwise they risk increasing the digital gender divide both in terms of access and use of digital technologies and the internet and the development of skills needed to use digital technologies (⇡Kuroda et al., 2019). Our qualitative and quantitative research looked at how access and usage of learning content and edutainment through smartphone and low-tech (such as radio, Interactive Voice Response, TV) EdTech solutions can be optimised to ensure inclusivity of girls, in particular, focusing on the caregiver as the gatekeeper for access to EdTech resources. In terms of access, our research found that caregivers are primarily concerned about financial resources, books and tutors, and often do not consider using EdTech to access educational resources when they are looking for support for their children. Further, our research showed that digital literacy, caregiver involvement, norms about technology for education, and intention are the most promising levers to improve access and use of educational material. An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
10.5281/zenodo.5524805 KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.5524805 10.53832/edtechhub.0048 2339240:5D6SMESW 2339240:7NDUJC6J 2339240:M8IZH5DT 2339240:SIZUDNKL 2339240:XAXIKZJX 2339240:YPDDA6JD 2405685:45G9SKWR 2405685:5ENZ6TFU 2405685:EJ4PXU4S 2405685:JZM7W6QE 2405685:LCHJ5D5W 2405685:RUAJ8C8M
Keywords: _r:AddedByZotZen

Perceived Efficacy of e-Proctoring Software for Emergency Remote Online Based Assessment: Perceptions of Proctored Examinations - Ironsi, Chinaza (EDEN Conference Proceedings, 2021)
The switch from traditional teaching methods to emergency remote online learning as a result of the outbreak of COVID-19 necessitated a change in approaches to measurement and evaluation in our educational system. A lot of methods were adopted yet the need for credible, properly monitored, valid and reliable assessment continues to be an issue of debate. E-proctoring as a popular strategy for monitoring and administering online-based examinations has witnessed tremendous success over the years yet ethical issues and many more are yet to be extensively examined. While a teacher may embrace the use of this software for monitoring examination, the perception of preservice teachers has not been explored adequately, much more the opinions of the instructors and preservice teachers on the level of efficacy with regards to the use of e-proctoring strategy for monitoring online-based examinations in a hybrid/emergency remote online educational model has not been investigated. It is in this light that this study intends to examine the perceptions of instructors and preservice teachers on the use of e-proctoring devices during online-based assessments, two research questions were investigated through a quantitative research design. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from 40 participants comprising of 36 students and 4 teachers on their perceptions of the effectiveness and efficacy of the e-proctored software while administering and monitoring examinations. Findings from the study will be beneficial in drawing valid conclusions on the use of e-proctored devices in monitoring emergency remote online-based assessment. The conclusions will prepare school administrators and equip them with the possible approaches to adopt in ensuring that a credible valid and reliable evaluation process is conducted during the post-COVID 19 semesters.
Number: 1 KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.38069/edenconf-2021-ac0026 2339240:7UAR7MC2 2405685:9NMH5XJQ

Online Course Satisfaction in a Holistic Flipped Classroom Approach - Ilic, Ulaş (Journal of Educational Technology and Online Learning, 2021)
The present study aimed to investigate the satisfaction of pre-service teachers with the completely online course instructed with the flipped classroom model. The study was conducted with the explanatory sequential mixed design. The participants included 117 pre-service teachers. Data were collected during the 2020-2021 academic year fall semester with the Online Course Satisfaction Scale and face-to-face interviews. The study findings demonstrated that the pre-service teachers were satisfied with the online course. The satisfaction level of female participants was higher, and the differences were not significant based on the student department. On the other hand, the participants stated that there were systemic and instructor-oriented problems. Furthermore, it was determined that ease of use was an important factor in predicting satisfaction. Ease of use varied based on PC ownership, but not based on tablet ownership. Satisfaction did not differ based on both PC and tablet ownership. It was found that the flipped classroom model exhibited interactional challenges. However, the model had advantages due to its structure that allowed flexibility. It could be suggested that the findings of the present study would contribute to future studies that would address flipped classroom method and satisfaction with online courses.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.31681/jetol.935325 2339240:XJ8SSCBR 2405685:FXMJU98K

EdTech evidence for Covid-19 response: Rapid evidence reviews of EdTech use in low-income and crisis contexts - Jordan, Katy; Mitchell, Joel (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.5512134 2405685:8M6GXINE 2405685:JGTWVQI4
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _r:AddedByZotZen; _zenodo:submitted

Reimagining Education for Continuous Learning and Teaching - Sengeh, Hon Minister David Moinina; Team, MBSSE Delivery; Team, Hon Minister David Moinina Sengeh and MBSSE Delivery (EdTech Hub, 2021)
EdTech Hub has partnered with the Ministry of Basic and Senior Secondary Education in Sierra Leone to increase the use of evidence in decisions around EdTech. Click to read more.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:6JKPNDHR 2405685:SQ7GPXQJ

Education in Emergencies, Mental Wellbeing and E-Learning - Shohel, M. Mahruf C.; Mahmud, Arif; Urmee, Munira Azhar; Anwar, Muhammad Naveed; Rahman, Mohammad Mojibur; Acharya, Dev Raj; Ashrafuzzaman, Md; Shohel, M. Mahruf C.; Mahmud, Arif; Urmee, Munira Azhar; Anwar, Muhammad Naveed; Rahman, Mohammad Mojibur; et al. (IntechOpen, 2021)
The world has been going through an unprecedented situation due to the world-wide health crisis created by the COVID-19 pandemic. It affected all sectors across the globe, including education. This chapter highlights the importance of education in emergencies and how a situation like the COVID-19 pandemic creates challenges alongside opportunities to learn for personal and professional development as well as to ensure mental wellbeing of individuals through e-learning. The chapter explores literature to draw on different perspectives regarding the issues related to effectiveness in handling education and learning in an emergency in addition to preparedness for post and future emergencies. However, it focuses mainly on the role of the education sector in supporting individuals, especially learners and educators during and after emergencies. It also reflects on educational professionals’ work with students during this pandemic i.e. how educational professionals report on their adaptation journey and how the pandemic impacted the ability to serve and engage learners. From the professionals’ best practices to assist students in being successful through online education or hybrid teaching and learning formats, many opportunities arose to shape and reform education for a better future and transform the process of lifelong learning. This chapter outlines strategies, in general, for the education sector, and in particular, institutions and individuals to be better prepared for future emergencies through the opportunities e-learning offers.
Publication Title: E-Learning and Digital Education in the Twenty-First Century KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5772/intechopen.97425 2339240:B2NKF79D 2405685:MVSKZIW2

Transition to online learning by a teacher education program with limited 4IR affordances - Tsakeni, Maria (Research in Social Sciences and Technology, 2021)
This study used the community of inquiry (CoI) framework and the affordances of Internet of things (IoT) to explore how the faculty of education of a rural campus of a university transitioned from face-to-face to online modes of instruction. In this qualitative interpretive study, data were collected through open-ended questionnaires from four purposely selected teacher educators and five final-year bachelor of education preservice teachers. Thematic content analysis techniques were used to analyze the data collected. The findings indicated the tensions experienced by the teacher educators as they negotiated the limited IoT affordances to ensure effective teaching, cognitive, and social presence in the newly formed online classrooms. Some of the tensions included the choices that were made on whether to use synchronous or asynchronous modes of instruction and the selection of effective communication modes. The teacher educators used a combination of the official learning management system (LMS) tools of the university and a social media platform as way of navigating the limited 4IR environments experienced by the preservice teachers.
Number: 2 KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.46303/ressat.2021.15 2339240:M4H98T8W 2405685:FMGDCFMJ
Keywords: COVID-19; Internet of things; community of inquiry; online learning; teacher education

Learning from Experience: A post-Covid-19 data architecture for a resilient education data ecosystem in Sierra Leone - Fab Inc. (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
2339240:7FA4YDWJ 2339240:YBKKN8XE KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/ZENODO.5498054 10.5281/zenodo.5498054 2339240:3H4M8YJ8 2339240:5S4BZY48 2339240:SRWI5WQJ 2405685:BCFK4Q23 2405685:JR65CZU2 2405685:JTKTA5X5 2405685:VQ3F9NQ7 2405685:ZLATZSGU 4656463:RIFY2UNL
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _r:AddedByZotZen; _zenodo:submitted

EdTech to Reach the Most Marginalised: A Call to Action - Zubairi, Asma; Kreimeia, Adam; Jefferies, Kate; Nicolai, Susan (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
10.5281/zenodo.5495857 KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.5495857 10.53832/edtechhub.0045 2339240:23D7YNSM 2339240:ESWRJBRS 2339240:PVDW8BXZ 2405685:69W2G8TJ 2405685:6KFAB5ML 2405685:UYDUMKBR 2405685:V9Y8MUDX 2405685:W8DB96IE
Keywords: _DOILIVE; ___working_potential_duplicate; _r:AddedByZotZen; _zenodo:submitted

Kenya lauded for achieving 75% electricity access rate - Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) (2021)
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:LE4N8QYZ 2405685:4RF5ZB4L

17 EdTech Frameworks and Who Needs to Know Them - Bapna, Akanksha; Nicolai, Susan; Myers, Christina; Pellini, Arnaldo; Sharma, Namrata; Wilson, Sam; Wilson, Susan Nicolai, Christina Myers, Arnaldo Pellini, Namrata Sharma and Sam, Akanksha Bapna (EdTech Hub, 2021)
17 EdTech frameworks that provide a valuable bridge between theory and practice. EdTech resources for policy-makers, educational institutions, teachers and multi-stakeholders.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:ZT8D763J 2405685:9TG8YM2I

Intergenerational transmission of lockdown consequences: prognosis of the longer-run persistence of COVID-19 in Latin America - Neidhöfer, Guido; Lustig, Nora; Tommasi, Mariano (The Journal of Economic Inequality, 2021)
The shock on human capital caused by COVID-19 is likely to have long lasting consequences, especially for children of low-educated families. Applying a counterfactual exercise we project the effects of school closures and other lockdown policies on the intergenerational persistence of education in 17 Latin American countries. First, we retrieve detailed information on school lockdowns and on the policies enacted to support education from home in each country. Then, we use these information to estimate the potential impact of the pandemic on schooling, high school completion, and intergenerational associations. In addition, we account for educational disruptions related to household income shocks. Our findings show that, despite that mitigation policies were able to partly reduce instructional losses in some countries, the educational attainment of the most vulnerable could be seriously affected. In particular, the likelihood of children from low educated families to attain a secondary schooling degree could fall substantially.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1007/s10888-021-09501-x 2339240:WXRB3PSQ 2405685:DI7L98CJ
Keywords: COVID-19; Education; Human capital; I24; I38; Inequality; Intergenerational persistence; J62; Latin America; Lockdowns; School closures

Ed-Tech Within Limits: Anticipating educational technology in times of environmental crisis - Selwyn, Neil (E-Learning and Digital Media, 2021)
Despite climate heating and rising ecological instability, environmental issues feature rarely in discussions of educational technology. Most commentators presume the continued unfettered use of digital education resources bolstered by occasional claims that emerging technologies might support the ?greening? of school and university provision. In contrast to such business-as-usual complacency, this article anticipates ongoing environmental degradation of the planet as radically upending the continued expansion of digital technologies in education. On the one hand, depletion of natural resources and energy curtailments might put paid to established ?abundant? forms of digital technology use. On the other hand, more frequent climate-related disasters might necessitate emergency forms of education for displaced and unsettled populations. As such, the article argues for a new paradigm of educational technology that is both wholly sustainable and targeted towards displaced and disadvantaged populations. The article considers a number of ways that such an ?Ed-Tech Within Limits? might be pursued ? outlining fundamental shifts in thinking necessary to reorient educational technology along environmentally concerned lines.
Publisher: SAGE Publications KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1177/20427530211022951 2339240:IAI4JMQG 2405685:8GL436EN

LGA Implementation Guide for Teacher Continuous Professional Development - Tanzania Institute of Education; Ministry of Education, Science & Technology; President’s Office — Regional and Local Governance (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.5202057 2405685:U7NR3KP4
Keywords: _r:AddedByZotZen

Nudging in education: from theory towards guidelines for successful implementation - Weijers, Robert J.; de Koning, Björn B.; Paas, Fred (European Journal of Psychology of Education, 2021)
Nudging is one of the strategies from behavioral economics that aims to influence behavior by changing the environment. We propose that it could also be a valuable means to influence behavior in educational contexts. However, implementation of nudging in education is yet sparse. We describe the relevant issues to consider when applying nudging in education, arguing that a focus on the long-term effects and underlying processes of a nudge is necessary for successful implementation. Then, we aim to facilitate this implementation of nudging in education by making a distinction between nudges that is relevant for overcoming these issues. Based on the framework proposed by Hansen and Jespersen (European Journal of Risk Regulation, 4(1), 3–28, 2013), we distinguish between Type 1 and Type 2 nudges, and transparent and non-transparent nudges, resulting in four nudge categories. For each of these nudge categories, we determine its suitability for different educational goals. The resulting decision matrix can help researchers and practitioners when designing nudges for an educational context.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1007/s10212-020-00495-0 2339240:E6XK7JIR 2405685:RC3MYCEA
Keywords: Educational psychology; Instructional support; Learning behavior; Nudging; Teaching strategies

Teaching and Testing by Phone in a Pandemic - Crawfurd, Lee; Evans, David K.; Hares, Susannah; Sandefur, Justin (Center for Global Development, 2021)
How did children learn while schools were closed during 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic? In this paper we evaluate the effectiveness of live tutoring calls from teachers, using a randomized controlled trial with 4,399 primary school students in Sierra Leone.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:FTSVR76S 2339240:GAPVTT3N 2339240:K9KUNITI 2405685:5RJW9S5N 2405685:7AP7H3CG 2405685:H3J9AJ2Z 2405685:KW3QGYS5 2534379:ZTWPMXUG
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

Where is EdTech working? Leveraging data for better EdTech policies - Marin, Sergio Venegas; Cobo, Cristobal; Cloutier, Marie-Helene; Lambert-Porter, Emma (Where is EdTech working? Leveraging data for better EdTech policies, 2021)
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted schooling for over 1.6 billion students worldwide. Many education systems fell short of their goal to ensure the continuity of learning due to the digital divide that kept many without access to any kind of remote learning opportunity.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:ERJ4KFAX 2405685:463WE282

An analysis of the reach and effectiveness of distance learning in India during school closures due to COVID-19 - van Cappelle, Frank; Chopra, Vidur; Ackers, Jim; Gochyyev, Perman (International Journal of Educational Development, 2021)
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1016/j.ijedudev.2021.102439 2339240:RRVFL86Y 2405685:L6WAUQMA

Connecting Learning Spaces: Possibilities for Hybrid Learning - Working Group on Digital Learning (Broadband Commission for Sustainable Development, 2021)
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:B6YJG67Z 2405685:HB5PH6ML

Reimagining Teacher Professional Development for Scalable, Sustainable and Equitable Outcomes - Using EdTech Research Evidence - Hennessy, Sara; Koomar, Saalim (2021)
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2405685:8NPXTAKN

Exploring EFL teachers’ professional identity development in a CALL teacher preparation program - Meihami, Hussein; Esfandiari, Rajab (The JALT CALL Journal, 2021)
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.29140/jaltcall.v17n2.404 2339240:W2D7U4LI 2405685:KX4C93E2

Country-Level Research Review: EdTech in Kenya - Myers, Christina; Kaye, Tom; Bapna, Akanksha; Williams, Ayesha; Mitchell, Joel (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.5256847 2405685:FQP8MJIY 2405685:SNBW6BK6
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _r:AddedByZotZen; _zenodo:submitted

Intergovernmental fiscal transfers, equity and service delivery: lessons from Uganda - Long, Cathal; Fraser, Alasdair; Mbate, Michael; Lacroix, Antoine (ODI: Think change, 2021)
Analysing the equity of government fiscal resource allocation
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:ZR6FLK9A 2405685:BGCRN4D3 4656463:6IGGVE36

First day of school 'indefinitely postponed' for 140 million first-time students around the world - UNICEF - UNICEF (2021)
At least eight million of these young learners have been waiting for over a year
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:NUQ9QBE3 2405685:JAQTAKT4 2405685:WMXY3AMI

Scaling Personalised Learning Technology in Malawi - Schmitt, Laurel (EdTech Hub, 2021)
Want to know more about the lessons we learnt from our sandbox with onebillion? Read our blog, Scaling personalized learning technology in Malawi.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:KWP37J8V 2339240:QWF5YPUM 2405685:3JNLR2A9 2405685:PMDAD9XJ

Schooling, interrupted: a critical account of motivation and education during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Quebec - Thompson, Jennifer; Fraser, Sarah; Archambault, Isabelle; Beauregard, Nancy; Dupéré, Véronique; Frohlich, Katherine (Journal of Teaching and Learning, 2021)
Among the concerns about youth wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic, one well-documented impact is youth motivation, particularly in relation to schooling. Yet many questions remain: How are youth experiencing motivation? What factors affect their motivation? How are youth differentially experiencing motivation? This article addresses young people’s experiences of motivation during the first wave of the pandemic as explored through participatory visual research. In Spring 2020, the Quebec private and public secondary school systems responded very differently to school closures. Private schools pivoted to distance learning within about two weeks, whereas public schools took almost two months to provide formal instruction. Bringing youth’s accounts of motivation into conversation with youth’s concerns about the inequities across the private and public school systems offers a rich opportunity to revisit Self-Determination Theory as an established theory of motivation. Youth’s analyses urge us to revisit the conceptualization of “structure” within this theory and how structure might offer a junction for accounting for more macrostructural inequalities within motivation research.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.22329/jtl.v15i2.6722 2339240:YNB9HL6M 2405685:IZXQTPC9

A Framework to Democratise the Design of Educational Games on Social Issues during Game Jams - Myers, Christina (The Open University, 2021)
Game Jams are events organised to create computer games, usually taking place during weekends. These events have become a popular way to enable participants to experience processes and practices of game development as well as to offer multidisciplinary learning opportunities, accessed through the variety of skills involved in game design. However, these events tend to be attended predominantly by male game developers and present barriers to participation for more diverse groups. This thesis investigates how to support diverse group participation in Game Jams, including people from different ethnicities, genders, ages, sexual orientations and who do not have any prior experience of designing games; and explores Game Jam participation as an opportunity to discuss social issues. To this end, a framework to democratise the design of educational games on social issues in Game Jams is proposed. The framework consists of a process with structured resources and activities to enhance learning by supporting egalitarian participation and agency. It offers collaborative learning opportunities for groups to engage with a social issue, relying on storytelling and on the exchange of perspectives and experiences. It also provides support and access to research-based principles to design games for education, and egalitarian opportunities to acquire game development skills, considered relevant opportunities given the wide-spread use of games and increasing interest in games as engaging tools for online education. The development of the framework is grounded in Critical Pedagogy, an educational approach providing principles and processes to democratise learning initiatives based on egalitarian participation and agency. Following a Design-Based Research methodology, the framework is developed through a case study on creating educational games on everyday sexism. A set of formative design studies are undertaken to co-design resources and activities that enable participants to elaborate solutions to the social issue and create educational games themselves. An evaluative study is then presented with the realisation of two Game Jams to assess and validate the proposed framework. The theoretical contributions of this work validate two new applications of Critical Pedagogy. The first one is to apply Critical Pedagogy to shape Game Jams to enhance learning through the active involvement of participants as equal learners and agents of social change. The second one applies Critical Pedagogy to democratise knowledge of design principles to create educational games on social issues. Lastly, access to a co-created tool for raising awareness of everyday sexism and insights on how to enable broad audiences to acquire games development skills are some of the practical contributions of this thesis.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:8JDXC44I 2405685:CNBR3BS2

Countries using data to inform education policies - Kelly, Peggy (Education for All, 2021)
How can data be transformed into policy so that children everywhere, even the most disadvantaged, can realize their right to learn? Read how a project has helped countries like Lao PDR, Georgia and Mongolia to just do that.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:EEWA9327 2405685:HW883XL9

Technical Assistance to the Government of Tanzania: Inception Report - Proctor, Jamie; Plaut, Daniel; El-Serafy, Yomna; Carter, Alice; Thakrar, Jayshree (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.5153385 2405685:EC7PUHHF
Keywords: _r:AddedByZotZen

Five ways geospatial analysis can help visualize and solve some of education’s biggest challenges - The Education Comission (2021)
As the education community continues to mobilize efforts towards achieving Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4), stakeholders at all levels of the system are grappling with questions on how to deliver inclusive quality education. What communities will benefit most...
Section: Updates KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2405685:2HMKI9VR 4042040:UQU9GND7

Five ways geospatial analysis can help visualize and solve some of education’s biggest challenges - the Education Commission (the Education Commission, 2021)
As the education community continues to mobilize efforts towards achieving Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4), stakeholders at all levels of the system are grappling with questions on how to deliver inclusive quality education. What communities will benefit most...
Section: Updates KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2129771:QDUZU3YQ 2405685:2ST897UD
Keywords: _yl:c

EdTech in developing countries: a review of the evidence - Rodriguez-Segura, Daniel (The World Bank Research Observer, 2021)
The emergence of educational technology (“EdTech”) in developing countries has been received as a promising avenue to address some of the most challenging policy questions within educational systems. In this paper, I review and synthesize all existing studies with credible causal identification frameworks of EdTech interventions in developing countries. While other studies review the evidence for EdTech interventions in developed countries, there is currently no equivalent study for developing contexts, in spite of the rising number of studies being produced. I classify studies into four thematic categories based on the type of EdTech intervention analyzed: Access to technology; technology-enabled behavioral interventions; improvements to instruction; and self-led learning. I find that EdTech interventions centered around self-led learning and improvements to instruction are the most effective forms of EdTech at raising learning outcomes. Similarly, technology-enabled behavioral interventions are less promising for generating large effects but highly cost-effective given their typically low marginal costs. Although expanding access to technology alone is not sufficient to improve learning, it is a necessary first step for some other types of interventions. More broadly, the overall success of interventions rests on the thoughtful customization of the EdTech solution to the policy constraints at hand. Finally, EdTech interventions across all thematic areas can and should act as complements by leveraging their respective comparative advantages to address deficiencies within educational systems in developing countries.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1093/wbro/lkab011 2339240:DEKZ2C9I 2405685:ZS3CD2X6

Current initiatives, barriers, and opportunities for networked learning in Latin America - Romero-Hall, Enilda (Educational Technology Research and Development, 2021)
This paper explores and describes the current initiatives, barriers, and opportunities for formal, non-formal, and informal networked learning experiences using social media in Latin America. It focuses on networked learning initiatives such as the use of institutional social media accounts, educational hashtags, social media in the classroom, educational channels via video hosting platforms, and government established networked learning programs for connected classrooms. The same multiplicity, diversity, and heterogenicity that represent the culture, languages, and socio-economic status of the people of Latin America also characterize the vast mixture of networked learning initiatives across the region. Potential barriers (i.e., the digital divide, Internet filtering policies, lack of research) and opportunities for implementation (i.e., networked learning educational reforms, mobile learning technology, and social media ethical considerations) are explored. The paper concludes with recommendations that policymakers and education leaders in Latin America should keep in mind to engage in fruitful networked learning initiatives.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1007/s11423-021-09965-8 2339240:25TY743U 2405685:SXGL4TF6
Keywords: Connected learning; Information and communications technology; Latin America; Mobile learning; Networked learning; Social media

Automation of systematic literature reviews: A systematic literature review - van Dinter, Raymon; Tekinerdogan, Bedir; Catal, Cagatay (Information and Software Technology, 2021)
Context Systematic Literature Review (SLR) studies aim to identify relevant primary papers, extract the required data, analyze, and synthesize results to gain further and broader insight into the investigated domain. Multiple SLR studies have been conducted in several domains, such as software engineering, medicine, and pharmacy. Conducting an SLR is a time-consuming, laborious, and costly effort. As such, several researchers developed different techniques to automate the SLR process. However, a systematic overview of the current state-of-the-art in SLR automation seems to be lacking. Objective This study aims to collect and synthesize the studies that focus on the automation of SLR to pave the way for further research. Method A systematic literature review is conducted on published primary studies on the automation of SLR studies, in which 41 primary studies have been analyzed. Results This SLR identifies the objectives of automation studies, application domains, automated steps of the SLR, automation techniques, and challenges and solution directions. Conclusion According to our study, the leading automated step is the Selection of Primary Studies. Although many studies have provided automation approaches for systematic literature reviews, no study has been found to apply automation techniques in the planning and reporting phase. Further research is needed to support the automation of the other activities of the SLR process.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1016/j.infsof.2021.106589 2405685:D5JR22C8 2486141:MUGRSX6T
Keywords: Automation; Machine learning; Natural language processing; Review; Systematic literature review (SLR); Text mining; _Added-ailr-2024

The latent digital divide and its drivers in e-learning among Bangladeshi students during the COVID-19 pandemic - Badiuzzaman, Md; Rafiquzzaman, Md; Rabby, Md Insiat Islam; Rahman, Mohammad Mustaneer (Information, 2021)
The devastating COVID-19 pandemic forced academia to go virtual. Educational institutions around the world have stressed online learning programs in the aftermath of the pandemic. However, because of insufficient access to Information Communication Technology (ICT), a substantial number of students failed to harness the opportunity of online learning. This study explores the latent digital divide exhibited during the COVID-19 pandemic while online learning activities are emphasised among students of Bangladesh. It also investigates the digital divide exposure and the significant underlying drivers of the divide. In order to accomplish this, a cross-sectional survey was employed to collect quantitative data, mixed with open-ended questions were utilised to gather qualitative information from the student community. The findings revealed that despite the majority of students having physical access to ICT, only 32.5% of students could attend online classes seamlessly. In total, 34.1% reported data prices as the critical barrier, while 39.8% identified poor network infrastructure as the significant barrier preventing them from participating in online learning activities. Although most students possess physical access to various devices and the Internet, they face the first-level digital divide due to the quality of access and price of cellular Internet. Consequently, they fail to take advantage of physical access, resulting in the third-level digital divide (utility gap), which submerges them into a digital divide cycle. The primary objective of this study is to explore the underlying issues of the digital divide among Bangladeshi students. This will assist relevant stakeholders (e.g., the Bangladesh government, educational institutions, and researchers) to gain necessary insights and theoretical understanding of underlying limitations and emergent directions to arrange adequate support for underprivileged students to undertake essential online learning activities.
Number: 8 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.3390/info12080287 2339240:6S36DZH9 2405685:BTG5QS57
Keywords: COVID-19; digital divide; multi-level digital divide; online learning

Telementoring and homeschooling during school closures: A randomized experiment in rural Bangladesh - Hassan, Hashibul; Islam, Asad; Siddique, Abu; Wang, Liang Choon (Centre for Development Economics and Sustainability, 2021)
Prolonged school closures due to political unrests, teacher strikes, natural disasters, and public health crises can be detrimental to student learning in developing countries. Using a randomized controlled experiment in 200 Bangladeshi villages, we evaluate the impact of over-the-phone mentoring and homeschooling support delivered by volunteers on the learning outcomes of primary school children during school closures caused by the coronavirus pandemic. The telementoring program improved the learning outcomes of treated children by 0.75 SD and increased homeschooling involvement of treated mothers by 0.64 SD. The impacts on learning are driven primarily by the direct mentoring of children and to some extent also by the increased homeschooling involvement of mothers. Academically weaker children and households from relatively lower socioeconomic backgrounds benefitted the most from telementoring. These findings suggest that learning crises in low-resource settings can be addressed by simple and very low-cost technology solutions.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:5YSHGI3S 2339240:7WBML8RC 2405685:6J9MZIZY 2405685:XE45G75X 2405685:XU7PCDNA 2534379:RF4FNWBS
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

Child education in the time of pandemic: Learning loss and dropout - Khan, Muhammad Jehangir; Ahmed, Junaid (Children and Youth Services Review, 2021)
The disruptive effects of the COVID-19 pandemic had affected the education sector at an unprecedented scale. In order to contain the spread of the virus, a large number of countries across the globe have shut their schools to handle the pandemic. However, it has adversely affected students' learning and school attendance. In this regard, we assess the impact of COVID-19 on the learning loss, school dropout, and the economic costs in term of foregone earnings for children in Pakistan. The study finds a substantial decrease in Learning Adjusted Years of Schooling (LAYS) with worsening consequences for girls than boys. Likewise, the aggregate economic cost amounts to 107 billion dollars when adjusted for human capital utilisation. Besides, our simulation results suggest that about 7.2 million children dropout due to a reduction in household expenditure by 50 percent. In comparison, the dropout is more pronounced at the primary level of schooling. The results recommend that the government design robust social protection and remote education strategies to mitigate school closure’s adverse effect on children's learning. The emphasis should be rather on the long run strategies to cope with a resilient education system of futuristic orientation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2021.106065 2339240:YF7YC22M 2405685:DWQ4UZX5
Keywords: Adjustment; COVID-19; Education; Learning Strategies; Learning loss; Pakistan; Pandemics; School Dropout; School Dropouts; School Learning

How to integrate Value for Money assessments within the External Evaluations of the GEC - Shah, Valsa (Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office, 2021)
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:32NCMKDK 2405685:NQ22KZWA

Intergenerational transmission of lockdown consequences: prognosis of the longer-run persistence of COVID-19 in Latin America - Neidhöfer, Guido; Lustig, Nora; Tommasi, Mariano (Journal of Economic Inequality, 2021)
The shock on human capital caused by COVID-19 is likely to have long lasting consequences, especially for children of low-educated families. Applying a counterfactual exercise we project the effects of school closures and other lockdown policies on the intergenerational persistence of education in 17 Latin American countries. First, we retrieve detailed information on school lockdowns and on the policies enacted to support education from home in each country. Then, we use these information to estimate the potential impact of the pandemic on schooling, high school completion, and intergenerational associations. In addition, we account for educational disruptions related to household income shocks. Our findings show that, despite that mitigation policies were able to partly reduce instructional losses in some countries, the educational attainment of the most vulnerable could be seriously affected. In particular, the likelihood of children from low educated families to attain a secondary schooling degree could fall substantially.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1007/s10888-021-09501-x 2339240:WN3LXJPD 2405685:TR8PDKM5

E-waste and planned obsolescence - Selwyn, Neil (Critical Studies of EDUCATION & TECHNOLOGY, 2021)
Notes from Guardian report (15.04.20) by John Harris on e-waste and planned obsolescence ** There is a pressing need to talk about educational technology in terms of the disposal – rather than adop…
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:MJVFPJ7K 2405685:8DUFXTJF

Handbook of Regression Modeling in People Analytics: With Examples in R and Python - McNulty, Keith (CRC Press, 2021)
Despite the recent rapid growth in machine learning and predictive analytics, many of the statistical questions that are faced by researchers and practitioners still involve explaining why something is happening. Regression analysis is the best ‘swiss army knife’ we have for answering these kinds of questions. This book is a learning resource on inferential statistics and regression analysis. It teaches how to do a wide range of statistical analyses in both R and in Python, ranging from simple hypothesis testing to advanced multivariate modelling. Although it is primarily focused on examples related to the analysis of people and talent, the methods easily transfer to any discipline. The book hits a ‘sweet spot’ where there is just enough mathematical theory to support a strong understanding of the methods, but with a step-by-step guide and easily reproducible examples and code, so that the methods can be put into practice immediately. This makes the book accessible to a wide readership, from public and private sector analysts and practitioners to students and researchers. Key Features:• 16 accompanying datasets across a wide range of contexts (e.g. academic, corporate, sports, marketing) • Clear step-by-step instructions on executing the analyses. • Clear guidance on how to interpret results. • Primary instruction in R but added sections for Python coders. • Discussion exercises and data exercises for each of the main chapters.• Final chapter of practice material and datasets ideal for class homework or project work.
Google-Books-ID: Nt4zEAAAQBAJ KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:73W8T3RZ 2405685:5DS6D5VM
Keywords: Business & Economics / Statistics; Mathematics / Probability & Statistics / General

Pesquisa revela sistemas de ensino melhor avaliados no país - Blog do EX - Escolas Exponenciais, (Escolas Exponenciais, 2021)
Diagnóstico Nacional da Educação aponta qual é o sistema de ensino mais bem avaliado por pais e responsáveis por alunos em todo Brasil.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:ZJP4J9X9 2405685:WCD5LB3Q

Silenced by an unknown language? Exploring language matching during rransitions from complementary education to government schools in Ghana - Daly, Kieran; Carter, Emma; Sabates, Ricardo (Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 2021)
Mother tongue-based education has been central to the promotion of early literacy skills in many multilingual contexts of the Global South. However, learners in such environments may face significant linguistic challenges when changing language of instruction during schooling. In particular, the linguistic distance between mother tongue and official language may be a significant barrier to learners. This paper provides an empirical approach to this issue by employing language matching based on linguistic distance between languages to explore changes in literacy scores for learners who change language of instruction. Findings show that the greater the linguistic distance between two languages, the larger the loss in foundational literacy. We conclude that language matching could be introduced as a tool to identify at-risk learners during transitions and, if possible, as a tool for linguistic allocation of students who have the possibility of selecting between schools with different languages for instruction.
Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2021.1941772 KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1080/03057925.2021.1941772 2405685:KV9RQPGW 4042040:F4XHI9TM
Keywords: Ghana; Mother tongue education; language matching; literacy; multilingualism

EdTech and Equity: Position Paper - Zubairi, Asma; Jefferies, Kate; Kreimeia, Adam, , Kreimeia (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.5140323 2405685:9KIUKW7T
Keywords: _r:AddedByZotZen

The Role of Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers in Improving Education Outcomes - Al-Samarrai, Samer; Lewis, Blane (World Bank, 2021)
The majority of the world’s children live in countries where local governments are responsible for the provision of basic education services. Although subnational governments manage their own education systems, they often rely on transfers from the central government for funding. The main purpose of this study is to assess how these fiscal transfers affect public funding for education and how they ultimately affect student schooling and learning outcomes. Through a careful analysis of how fiscal transfers have affected education systems in different contexts, the investigation develops a set of principles to support improvements in the design and implementation of transfer systems with a specific focus on the provision of education services. The study is centered on seven country case studies that aim to answer a set of common research questions using a similar approach. Country case studies were conducted in Brazil, Bulgaria, China, Colombia, Indonesia, Sudan, and Uganda. The analysis shows that fiscal transfer mechanisms can improve the adequacy of public education spending, reduce spending inequalities between regions, and improve spending efficiency. Moreover, the study highlights that carefully designed and implemented transfer systems can help raise overall education outcomes and reduce education inequality. This publication was funded by a grant from the Results in Education for All Children (REACH) trust fund at the World Bank. REACH is supported by the government of Germany through the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, the government of Norway through NORAD, and the government of the United States of America through the U.S. Agency for International Development.
Accepted: 2021-06-28T14:28:37Z KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1693-2 2339240:6R2LBJUB 2405685:RN7PVKFV 4656463:K5KKTKWC
Keywords: Education; Education Equity; Education Finance; Education Outcomes; Education Spending; Fiscal Decentralization; Fiscal Transfers; Public Expenditure

Safeguarding Her: A call to action to educating girls in vulnerable situations - Break Free Alliance (Education for All, 2021)
For millions of girls across Africa, the thought of joining school remains far-fetched. Here are 6 recommendations we consider vital to ensure girls’ better access to education and secure their futures.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:36KPCI4X 2405685:P5HCFXSZ

Brazil Case Study - Mello, Ursula; Loureiro, Andre; Cruz, Louisee (World Bank, 2021)
The majority of the world’s children live in countries where local governments are responsible for the provision of basic education services. Although subnational governments manage their own education systems, they often rely on transfers from the central government for funding. The main purpose of this study is to assess how these fiscal transfers affect public funding for education and how they ultimately affect student schooling and learning outcomes. Through a careful analysis of how fiscal transfers have affected education systems in different contexts, the investigation develops a set of principles to support improvements in the design and implementation of transfer systems with a specific focus on the provision of education services. The study is centered on seven country case studies that aim to answer a set of common research questions using a similar approach. Country case studies were conducted in Brazil, Bulgaria, China, Colombia, Indonesia, Sudan, and Uganda. The analysis shows that fiscal transfer mechanisms can improve the adequacy of public education spending, reduce spending inequalities between regions, and improve spending efficiency. Moreover, the study highlights that carefully designed and implemented transfer systems can help raise overall education outcomes and reduce education inequality. This publication was funded by a grant from the Results in Education for All Children (REACH) trust fund at the World Bank. REACH is supported by the government of Germany through the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, the government of Norway through NORAD, and the government of the United States of America through the U.S. Agency for International Development.
Accepted: 2021-06-28T14:28:37Z KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1693-2 2339240:IKJT3DUI 2405685:SZCK288Z 4656463:6PMDEFFM
Keywords: Education; Education Equity; Education Finance; Education Outcomes; Education Spending; Fiscal Decentralization; Fiscal Transfers; Public Expenditure

Guidelines for reporting trial protocols and completed trials modified due to the COVID-19 pandemic and other extenuating circumstances: The CONSERVE 2021 Statement - Orkin, Aaron M.; Gill, Peter J.; Ghersi, Davina; Campbell, Lisa; Sugarman, Jeremy; Emsley, Richard; Steg, Philippe Gabriel; Weijer, Charles; Simes, John; Rombey, Tanja; Williams, Hywel C.; Wittes, Janet; et al. (JAMA, 2021)
Extenuating circumstances can trigger unplanned changes to randomized trials and introduce methodological, ethical, feasibility, and analytical challenges that can potentially compromise the validity of findings. Numerous randomized trials have required changes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, but guidance for reporting such modifications is incomplete.As a joint extension for the CONSORT and SPIRIT reporting guidelines, CONSERVE (CONSORT and SPIRIT Extension for RCTs Revised in Extenuating Circumstances) aims to improve reporting of trial protocols and completed trials that undergo important modifications in response to extenuating circumstances.A panel of 37 international trial investigators, patient representatives, methodologists and statisticians, ethicists, funders, regulators, and journal editors convened to develop the guideline. The panel developed CONSERVE following an accelerated, iterative process between June 2020 and February 2021 involving (1) a rapid literature review of multiple databases (OVID Medline, OVID EMBASE, and EBSCO CINAHL) and gray literature sources from 2003 to March 2021; (2) consensus-based panelist meetings using a modified Delphi process and surveys; and (3) a global survey of trial stakeholders.The rapid review yielded 41 673 citations, of which 38 titles were relevant, including emerging guidance from regulatory and funding agencies for managing the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on trials. However, no generalizable guidance for all circumstances in which trials and trial protocols might face unanticipated modifications were identified. The CONSERVE panel used these findings to develop a consensus reporting guidelines following 4 rounds of meetings and surveys. Responses were received from 198 professionals from 34 countries, of whom 90% (n = 178) indicated that they understood the concept definitions and 85.4% (n = 169) indicated that they understood and could use the implementation tool. Feedback from survey respondents was used to finalize the guideline and confirm that the guideline’s core concepts were applicable and had utility for the trial community. CONSERVE incorporates an implementation tool and checklists tailored to trial reports and trial protocols for which extenuating circumstances have resulted in important modifications to the intended study procedures. The checklists include 4 sections capturing extenuating circumstances, important modifications, responsible parties, and interim data analyses.CONSERVE offers an extension to CONSORT and SPIRIT that could improve the transparency, quality, and completeness of reporting important modifications to trials in extenuating circumstances such as COVID-19.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1001/jama.2021.9941 2339240:5SVZDPZV 2405685:A55Z4Y79

Hello and Welcome to the Sandbox - Simpson, Lea; Carter, Alice; Rahman, Asad (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.5123366 2405685:CQQURC65
Keywords: _EdTechHub_Output; _r:AddedByZotZen

Keeping Kenya Learning: The importance of caregiver engagement in supporting learning beyond the classroom - Kimathi, Deborah; El-Serafy, Yomna; Plaut, Daniel; Kaye, Tom (EdTech Hub, 2021)
Since the Covid-19 pandemic began, parents, teachers, students and policymakers have been exploring how to support students to learn at home. The emphasis on education at home has made evident the need to better equip caregivers to support their children’s learning. The Keep Kenya Learning (KKL) initiative is helping parents and caregivers build their capacity and confidence to support learning…
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2405685:LZM9KHE6
Keywords: _EdTechHub_Output

The Importance of Caregiver Engagement in Supporting Learning - Kimathi, Deborah; El-Serafy, Yomna; Plaut, Daniel; Kaye, Tom (EdTech Hub, 2021)
Do you know the importance of caregiver engagement in supporting learning beyond the classroom? Visit our website to learn more.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:MCEFY3WR 2405685:7VZZBHDN

Contract Type and Teacher Absenteeism in Benin: The Role of Teacher’s Supplemental Income - Senou, Barthelemy Mahugnon (2021)
Absenteeism is a phenomenon that has been noted in professional circles with consequences on the income of the wage earner as well as the profits of the firm, consequences that led, according to statistics from 2005, to losses in public finance amounting to close to 70 billion francs for the Government of Benin. Despite such losses, very few studies in economics have focused on the subject in order to try and give an understanding of the real causes of absenteeism and its consequences. The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between the status of the teacher, supplemental income of the teacher, and the absenteeism of the teacher. Using data from PASEC-CONFEMEN 2005, that will be applied to a theoretical model that we are developing, and through the use of a Tobit empirical method, after having taken the endogeneity bias on the practice of supplemental income generating activities by the teacher into account, this study demonstrates that the practice of income generating activities by teachers positively influences their absenteeism, with contract teachers being more frequently absent than those who are on permanent and pensionable employment contracts. Through linking the level of prices in a locality with absenteeism behaviours, we make it clear that the reasons for absenteeism are mostly related to low purchasing power in the context of earning relatively meagre salaries. These results elicit a set of recommendations that essentially suggest that there should be an improvement in the salaries and working conditions of teachers.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2129771:G5ULT28D 2405685:KQA3YITJ 4556019:RK7QIQGC
Keywords: C:Benin; ⛔ No DOI found

Embracing EdTech: four critical questions answered through a rapid prototype programme on teachers’ professional development (TPD) - Sabbab, Salman; Shakil, Abdullah All; Alam, Faria (EdTech Hub, 2021)
Seventy-one teachers participating in the ‘Onneshon’ prototype were flooding the WhatsApp group with messages about the challenges and hiccups they were experiencing, either with watching the video content or with taking a quiz in the first two weeks. Problems were pouring in and so were solutions being innovated and offered through diverse channels. In the space of two weeks, the…
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2405685:ZWUKU2YL
Keywords: _EdTechHub_Output

Social And Emotional Learning and EdTech: An Evidence Review - Kalifa, , Damani (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.5094331 2405685:FNJUHA6J
Keywords: _EdTechHub_Output; _r:AddedByZotZen

Innovations in Social and Emotional Learning Research and Practice: Building from Evidence and Applying Behavioral Insights to the Design of a Social and Emotional Learning Intervention in Northeast Nigeria - Bailey, Rebecca; Raisch, Natasha; Temko, Sonya; Titus, Britt; Bautista, Jonah; Eniola, Tahirat Omolara; Jones, Stephanie M. (International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021)
Recent studies suggest that social and emotional learning (SEL) programming has the potential to be effective in conflict-affected regions, yet evidence is limited, and findings to date are mixed. One hypothesis about why SEL interventions in education in emergencies (EiE) settings have not generated the anticipated results is that the SEL content and materials have not been sufficiently localized to the context, leading to poor cultural relevance or fit. A second hypothesis is that SEL program demands tend to be high and capacity for implementation is low, undermining sustainability and impact. The current study addresses these challenges by investing in locally driven SEL content and design as a way to ensure that SEL materials are grounded in local values and needs, culturally appropriate, relevant to the specific context, and feasible to implement. The study draws on the developmental and prevention sciences as well as the field of behavioral insights to test evidence-based interventions intended to encourage desired behaviors around uptake and implementation. This paper documents the activities conducted during the project’s design phase, including landscape research, creation of initial prototypes, design workshops and rapid prototyping, and field testing. Findings suggest that using local values, practices, and framing in SEL programming increases relevance and appropriateness for the Northeast Nigeria setting. Furthermore, targeted behavioral insights interventions increased the uptake, habitual and regular use, as well as correct implementation of SEL activities. The findings contribute to the emerging literature on the cultural variability of SEL and the need to consider the context when designing and implementing programs in any setting.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.3390/ijerph18147397 2339240:CDB54TJY 2405685:Z8ML2UVR

Verna Lalbeharie joins EdTech Hub as incoming Executive Director - Hub, EdTech (EdTech Hub, 2021)
We are excited to announce that Verna Lalbeharie is joining EdTech Hub as the incoming Executive Director. A native of South Africa, now living in North Carolina (USA), Lalbeharie brings not only 25 years of EdTech expertise to the role, but also a career-spanning commitment to evidence-building in education technology to create a more equitable future for all students. “When…
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2405685:GWTBTPXG
Keywords: _EdTechHub_Output

Rapid versus traditional qualitative analysis using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) - Nevedal, Andrea L.; Reardon, Caitlin M.; Opra Widerquist, Marilla A.; Jackson, George L.; Cutrona, Sarah L.; White, Brandolyn S.; Damschroder, Laura J. (Implementation Science, 2021)
Qualitative approaches, alone or in mixed methods, are prominent within implementation science. However, traditional qualitative approaches are resource intensive, which has led to the development of rapid qualitative approaches. Published rapid approaches are often inductive in nature and rely on transcripts of interviews. We describe a deductive rapid analysis approach using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) that uses notes and audio recordings. This paper compares our rapid versus traditional deductive CFIR approach.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1186/s13012-021-01111-5 2339240:R59M4XJ9 2405685:A87VCNQJ
Keywords: Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR); Implementation science; Qualitative methods; Rapid analysis; Veterans

Building back better to avert a learning catastrophe: Estimating learning loss from COVID-19 school shutdowns in Africa and facilitating short-term and long-term learning recovery - Angrist, Noam; de Barros, Andreas; Bhula, Radhika; Chakera, Shiraz; Cummiskey, Chris; DeStefano, Joseph; Floretta, John; Kaffenberger, Michelle; Piper, Benjamin; Stern, Jonathan (International Journal of Educational Development, 2021)
We model learning losses due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the potential for cost-effective strategies to build back better. Data from Early Grade Reading Assessments in Ethiopia, Kenya, Liberia, Tanzania, and Uganda suggest half to over a year’s worth of learning loss. In modeling losses over time, we found that learning deficits for a child in grade 3 could lead to 2.8 years of lost learning by grade 10. While COVID-19 has stymied learning, bold, learning-focused reform consistent with the literature reviewed in this paper—specifically reform on targeted instruction and structured pedagogy—could improve learning even beyond pre-COVID-19 levels.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1016/j.ijedudev.2021.102397 2339240:6FG39EY3 2339240:LB3VWRGN 2405685:7MUIIRXU
Keywords: COVID-19; Education; Foundational skills; Learning loss; Recovery

The Sandbox Handbook v1.0: A guide to growing and testing EdTech ideas - Rahman, Asad; Carter, Alice; Plaut, Daniel; Dixon, , Dixon; Salami, Taiye; Schmitt, Laurel (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
ZenodoArchiveID: 5120788 KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.5120788 10.5281/zenodo.5142473 2405685:3C8VWLJP 2405685:772S7Z4R 2405685:CW2FHVT8
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _r:AddedByZotZen; _zenodo:submitted

Time to Teach: Teacher Attendance and Time on Task in Primary Schools in Mozambique - Nugroho, Dita; Karamperidou, Despina (UNICEF, 2021)
Teacher attendance is one of the prerequisites on the path toward universal learning in developing countries. Over the past decades, however, studies from across the developing world have found national rates of teacher absenteeism that range from 3 to 27 per cent. Therefore, enhancing teachers' presence in the classroom and ensuring that class time is spent teaching, can contribute significantly to the productivity and inclusive prosperity of a country. This Time to Teach study collates and strengthens the evidence base on primary school teacher absenteeism in Mozambique. The study uses a mix of qualitative and quantitative research methods to provide critical insights into the factors that underpin the multiple forms of teacher absenteeism and time on task. It also examines how factors vary across countries, school types, gender of teacher and other teacher characteristics. Despite high levels of teacher absenteeism, the study shows that teachers are generally committed and that what is needed is education system strengthening. It is hoped that findings will inform workable solutions and policies that will ensure a motivated teaching force, increase opportunities for children to learn at school and, ultimately, improve their life and work opportunities.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2405685:ZP685VWV 4042040:9DF5VZLU 4556019:44PQIP2W 4556019:6P6UPZAV
Keywords: Barriers; C:Mozambique; Developing Nations; Educational Change; Educational Policy; Elementary School Teachers; Employee Absenteeism; Foreign Countries; Gender Differences; Influences; Institutional Characteristics; Rural Urban Differences; Sanctions; Teacher Attendance; Teacher Attitudes; Teacher Characteristics; Teacher Education; Teacher Persistence; Teaching Conditions; Time Management; ⛔ No DOI found

Remote Learning: Evidence from Nepal during COVID-19 - Radhakrishnan, Karthika; Sabarwal, Shwetlena; Sharma, Uttam; Cullen, Claire; Crossley, Colin; Letsomo, Thato; Angrist, Noam (World Bank, 2021)
This note discusses early results from a distance education program on foundational numeracy for primary school students in Nepal during Coronavirus (COVID-19) evaluated in a randomized trial. The trial included 3,700 households with children in public school (grades 3-5). It provided support for foundational numeracy through mobile phone-based tutoring. The trial tested delivery through public school teachers and also through NGO facilitators. It led to a 30 percent increase in foundational numeracy, with teachers being slightly more effective at producing learning gains than NGO facilitators. These results suggest that instructional support through mobile phones can be a high-access and low-cost approach to providing instruction at scale
Accepted: 2021-07-28T17:29:14Z KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:LFIQ9LIB 2405685:F89QL28Q
Keywords: Coronavirus; Covid-19; Numeracy; Pandemic Impact; Remote Learning; School Closure

Tool for assessing the gender responsiveness of content for digital learning platforms - UNICEF (2021)
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:K9AZY7KG 2405685:ZXCPZH4J

Examination of Teacher Candidates' Views on Peer Learning Performed with Interactive Videos in the Blended Learning Process - Ipek, Jale; Kalay, Abdullah; Ertas, Sercan (Education Quarterly Reviews, 2021)
Today, the speed of the development of technology has various effects in many areas. In the field of education, some concepts, methods, techniques, theories and models come to the fore with the effect of technology and attract the attention of researchers. One of them is blended learning. Blended learning is a learning process in which both face-to-face learning processes and learning processes in online environments coexist. Today's learners are expected to be able to solve problems, work collaboratively, and have strong communication. It is thought that peer learning can be used in constructivist teaching processes in order to gain these features. Peer learning involves learners performing their learning by interacting with each other. In this study, it is aimed to determine the opinions of teacher candidates about peer learning realized with interactive videos in the blended learning process. The study group consists of 37 Computer and Instructional Technologies Education Department teacher candidates, 11 women (29.73%) and 26 men (70.27%) enrolled in the "Special Teaching Methods - II" course in the spring semester of 2018-2019 academic year. In the online part of the study, a web 2.0 tool (Edpuzzle) was used to prepare interactive video content. The videos prepared by the peers regarding the course content were expected to be watched online and before the face-to-face lessons. In the face-to-face learning process, students progressed the learning process interactively with their peers. At the end of the process, the data were collected with the data collection tool named "teacher candidate opinion form" developed by the researchers from the study group. The collected data were analyzed with content analysis and interpreted by the researchers. In the study results, the opinions of the teacher candidates about the process after their learning experiences were determined. It was found that a great majority of the teacher candidates had a positive opinion about the peer learning realized with interactive videos in the blended learning process.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.31014/aior.1993.04.02.281 2339240:QFNTPDR9 2405685:4CPCU8MQ

Nudges to improve learning and gender parity: Supporting parent engagement and Ghana’s educational response to COVID-19 using mobile phones - Wolf, Sharon; Aurino, Elisabetta; Osei-Akoto, Isaac; Ackwerh, Eunice Yaa Brimfah (World Bank Strategic Impact Evaluation Fund (SIEF), 2021)
Randomized control trial testing impacts of SMS messages to suggest activities that promote social-emotional development at home and to encourage engagement with remote instruction, variants of these messages that have a gender-parity focus, and the duration of these messages (3 months vs. 6 months)
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:H7GV3H2Z 2405685:7DVEJE63 2405685:YKSU9467

Empowering parents and caregivers to support learning and a safe return to school - Fuller, Sarah; Brown, Jessica Katherine (UNICEF Europe and Central Asia, 2021)
Ongoing pandemic response, recovery and long-term resilience must consider parents and caregivers if we are to reach every child.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:57DMA7WU 2405685:V3FJEMU9

Teacher Perspectives on Peer-Peer Collaboration and Education Technologies in Rural Tanzanian Classrooms - Uchidiuno, Judith; Koedinger, Ken; Ogan, Amy (ACM SIGCAS Conference on Computing and Sustainable Societies, 2021)
Teachers’ perspectives are critical for understanding classroom culture. They create and enforce rules in classrooms and are responsible for educating students using methods that they perceive to be most effective. Therefore, creating supplementary education technologies without understanding teachers and the culture they promote may lead to interventions that are underutilized or ineffective. Our research specifically investigates how technologies that foster student collaboration fit into teachers’ views of learning in a rural context with limited existing collaboration scaffolds. We interviewed 24 teachers and observed 39 classrooms in a rural Tanzanian village to understand how teachers value peer-peer collaboration in their teaching practice, and the unique challenges they face educating students in rural classroom settings. We uncover insights that inform the design and deployment of supplementary education technologies to support teachers in rural Tanzania and similar demographics.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1145/3460112.3471939 2339240:VUXY6J6M 2405685:TWE99YU2
Keywords: Early literacy; Sub-Saharan Africa; educational technologies; peer-peer collaboration

How Bangladesh repurposed pre-existing online platforms to reimagine education during Covid-19 - Bangladesh), Anir Choudhury (a2i (EdTech Hub, 2021)
Forty-two million. That is the total number of students in Bangladesh. Forty-two million potential leaders of tomorrow. Forty-two million reasons to be hopeful for the country’s future. Forty-two million students who, because of Covid-19, were left without classrooms, without their friends, without their schools and colleges – without formal education.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2405685:HVNU4INN 2405685:TA8WC382
Keywords: _EdTechHub_Output

EdTech and Covid-19: the story so far - Gould, Briony (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.4899740 2405685:IWGMZ8QI
Keywords: _EdTechHub_Output; _MELA_seen; _r:AddedByZotZen

Malaysia Data Protection Overview - Ping, Jillian Chia Yan (DataGuidance, 2021)
June 2021 1. Governing Texts Data protection in Malaysia is primarily governed by the Personal Data Protection Act 2010 ('PDPA') and its subsidiary legislation as outlined below. The PDPA purports to safeguard personal data by requiring data users to comply with certain obligations and conferring certain rights to the data subject in relation to his personal data. 1.1. Key acts, regulations, directives, bills Primary Legislation Prior to 2010, the regulation of personal data was governed mainly by industry specific legislation.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:AVKSZT94 2405685:P7QN448B

Promises to keep: impact of COVID-19 on adolescents in Kenya - Presidential Policy and Strategy Unit (Kenya); Population Council (2021)
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:SZHGL7E3 2405685:AHRVVYD2

World Development Report 2021: Data for Better Lives - World Bank (The World Bank, 2021)
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1600-0 2339240:UMDZ9J6Y 2405685:VZXWSLIJ

Reframing the policy discourse: A comparative analysis of teacher preparation for rural and remote education in Australia, South Africa and Mexico - Ledger, Susan; Masinire, Alfred; Díaz, Miguel Angel; Burgess, Madeline (education policy analysis archives, 2021)
The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has highlighted a ‘vicious cycle of decline’ in rural, regional and remote (RRR) regions, with significant inequalities in educational outcomes between rural and urban areas. However, interventions have not resulted in transformative or lasting improvements to education in rural contexts. This paper presents a cross-comparative country analysis of current global policy on RRR education. We used a policy analysis framework to interrogate national policy texts concerning teacher education for RRR contexts in three countries - Australia, South Africa and Mexico. A rigorous selection process of the literature yielded 17 key policy texts, which were examined for the influences, practices, language and outcomes relating to teacher education preparation for RRR locales. Findings highlighted a legacy of historical influences and a metrocentric bias in policy texts, with limited examples of assets-based education. We argue that these factors may be perpetuating the significant and persistent disadvantage in RRR education. We recommend an alternative policy discourse that recognises the productivities and potentialities of an assets-based approach within the local context, where school leaders and teachers are positioned as central change agents in RRR education.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.14507/epaa.29.6233 2339240:F5WE3FYK 2405685:J5B2NK2G

Country-Level Research Review: EdTech in Bangladesh - Zubairi, Asma; Kreimeia, Adam; Kaye, Tom; Ashlee, Amy (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
ZenodoArchiveID: 5651981 previousDOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5109678 previousDOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4943272 KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.4943272 10.5281/zenodo.5109678 10.5281/zenodo.5651981 2339240:TCHKGQZS 2405685:QUJHNPRD 2405685:XH44AG5R 2405685:YULPZE4D
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _MELA_seen; ___working_potential_duplicate; _r:AddedByZotZen; _zenodo:submitted

Eswatini Education Sector Analysis 2021 - World Bank (World Bank, 2021)
The current Education Sector Strategic Plan (ESSP) for 2010-2022 and the first and second National Education and Training Improvement Programs that operationalize the plan, were based on the comprehensive 2010 Education Sector Review (Marope, 2010, MoET, 2010, 2016, 2018b). As the current plan and program come to their end, this education sector analysis (ESA) was undertaken. In addition, complementary studies for the ECDE and TVET sub-sectors will be conducted separately to collect primary data to further help inform the development of the next ESSP. The ESA report examines the recent status of the education system to provide an evidence-based foundation for the Government’s preparation of its next ESSP and help guide the country more generally on the priority issues for the education sector looking forward. This executive summary begins with a brief description of the general context for education followed by an overview of recent achievements in education. The main part of the summary sets out the priority issues identified by the ESA report. The final section concludes with a discussion of selected policy options that may be considered looking ahead.
Accepted: 2021-06-21T21:34:24Z KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:G89C9EA6 2405685:M6XKMLXA
Keywords: Early Childhood Development; Early Childhood Education; Education Finance; Education Management; Education System; Labor Market; Primary Education; School Administration; Secondary Education; Skills Development; Student Achievement; Student Learning Assessment; Teacher Development; Teacher Recruitment; Teacher Training

The Power of Girls' Reading Camps: Exploring the impact of radio lessons, peer learning and targeted paper-based resources on girls’ remote learning in Kenya - Amenya, Donvan; Fitzpatrick, Rachael; Njeri, M.E.; Naylor, Ruth; Page, Ella; Riggall, Anna (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
ZenodoArchiveID: 5651935 previousDOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4923094 KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.4923094 10.5281/zenodo.5651935 2339240:6ELB8P84 2339240:HZ3EBZ29 2405685:79JJ5T29 2405685:P8IAN448 2405685:RU8ET9S2
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _MELA_seen; _r:AddedByZotZen; _zenodo:submitted

EdTech and Emergency Remote Learning: A Systematic Review - Crompton, Helen; Burke, Diane; Jordan, Katy; Wilson, Sam; Nicolai, Susan; Myers, Christina (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
ZenodoArchiveID: 5651932 previousDOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4917221 KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.4917221 10.5281/zenodo.5651932 2405685:V6UCUGBZ
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _MELA_seen; _r:AddedByZotZen; _zenodo:submitted

Inequalities in Girls’ Learning Opportunities via EdTech: Addressing the Challenge of Covid-19 - Crompton, Helen; Chigona, Agnes; Jordan, Katy, , Jordan; Myers, Christina (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/ZENODO.4917252 10.5281/zenodo.4917252 2339240:G2X4SJI9 2339240:MUSPGK9F 2339240:MVU3QIHM 2339240:NQF22P32 2405685:B2ABXUCR 2405685:D6PWMC4I 2405685:HW7NU96L 2405685:JWIHBL5M 2405685:PXBXCZ29 2405685:YHC5ZPU8
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _MELA_seen; ___working_potential_duplicate; _r:AddedByZotZen

EdTechTools Relaunched with TVET Resources - EdTech Hub; Generation Unlimited (EdTech Hub, 2021)
EdTechHub, Generation Unlimited (GenU), UNESCO and UNESCO-UNEVOC have joined forces to relaunch EdTechTools (formerly the Tools Database): a global repository of education technology tools and platforms designed to help decision makers at all levels in the global education and training community find resources that facilitate and support remote learning. More than a year after the world experienced an education disruption…
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2405685:HNAI38V8
Keywords: _EdTechHub_Output

Advancing Data-Driven Decision-Making for School Improvement: Findings from the One Tablet Per School User Testing Programme in Sierra Leone - McBurnie, Chris; Beoku-Betts, Iman; Waistell, Daniel; Nallo, Michael (MBSSE, EdTech Hub, Leh Wi Lan, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.4896502 10.53832/edtechhub.0066 2339240:9A7P2GEI 2339240:PA2CB3JF 2339240:Q3RLYCNW 2339240:TMHE9JIR 2405685:2CEZ2LKN 2405685:9B56X45X 2405685:FAJLNB8S 2405685:KFTXK9K2 2405685:MPRD5RKR 2405685:PGUR927P 2405685:UKHA4WKY 2486141:A5SQMX8T 4656463:XTGYWNYB
Keywords: _EdTechHub_Output; _MELA_seen; _r:AddedByZotZen

Malawi World Bank Approves $100 Million to Improve Skills Development Programs Press Release - World Bank (2021)
The World Bank today approved $100 million in financing from the International Development Association (IDA)* for Malawi to support increased access, particularly for female students, to skills development programs in priority areas of the economy that are most relevant to the labor market— now and in the future.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:TL85HTPK 2405685:U7C5Y7FU 2405685:YAAV4TE4
Keywords: auto_merged

Transforming how teachers use technology - Wilichowski, Tracy; Cobo, Cristóbal (World Bank Blogs, 2021)
Before the pandemic, there was a widely held notion that technology will revolutionize the field of education.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:HJJ2VM4G 2405685:425BK3MP

Service Design Blueprint - Carter, , Alice (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.5147560 2405685:G62DCDN2
Keywords: _r:AddedByZotZen

What we learnt in the Sandbox between onebillion, VSO Malawi and EdTech Hub (Sprint Review Draft) - Dinham, Nat; Plaut, Daniel; Rahman, Asad; Schmit, Laurel (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.4959811 2405685:M78SQRBW
Keywords: _EdTechHub_Output; _MELA_seen; _r:AddedByZotZen

A mixed-methods evidence assessment for emergent fields of knowledge - Haßler, Björn (EdTech Hub, 2021)
previousPreviousDOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4698915 PreviousDOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4698915 KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.4698915 10.53832/edtechhub.0003 2129771:E3W7NXR9 2405685:PUVVR28E
Keywords: _EdTechHub_Output; _yl:m

The global stakes of digitalization in education - Haßler, Björn (2021)
PreviousDOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4888604 KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.4888887 2405685:J49DGN5M
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _zenodo:submitted

Sierra Leone CPD Sandbox - Draft Theory of Change - Plaut, Daniel (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.4959786 2405685:T7AUREA5
Keywords: _EdTechHub_Output; _MELA_seen; _r:AddedByZotZen

Emergency remote education experiences of teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a phenomenological research - Eroglu, Mehmet; Senol, Cem (Shanlax International Journal of Education, 2021)
The purpose of the study is to examine teachers' experiences of Emergency Remote Education (ERE) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was designed in the qualitative approach and as the research method, "phenomenology" was used. The sample of the study consists of 12 teachers selected by the criterion sampling method. The interview technique was used to collect data. The data were collected through a semi-structured interview form developed by the researchers. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. The study results showed that the ERE activity that teachers experienced the most was the online lessons. Teachers have done the ERE activities through various applications such as EIN (Education Information Network), Zoom, WhatsApp, YouTube. Teachers emphasized that ERE was ineffective due to low student participation, insufficient infrastructure, lack of responsibility and motivation for learning, low ICT competency of students and teachers, low socioeconomic status, and inappropriateness of planning and curriculums. In addition, teachers stated that education in the COVID-19 pandemic process should be done in diluted classrooms, hybrid or face to face. It is concluded that the lack of infrastructure, lack of responsibility and motivation for learning created inequality of opportunity for participation in ERE. The lack of infrastructure was mostly due to students being in the low socioeconomic group. In addition, students' learning responsibility and motivation are very important in the effectiveness of ERE.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.34293/education.v9i3.3918 2339240:QQT6MK3B 2405685:RD4IZKPG
Keywords: Barriers; COVID-19; Distance Education; Electronic Learning; Elementary Secondary Education; Emergency Programs; Foreign Countries; Instructional Effectiveness; Integrated Learning Systems; Internet; Learning Motivation; Pandemics; Phenomenology; Socioeconomic Status; Student Participation; Student Responsibility; Teacher Attitudes; Turkey

Exploring the fundamental factors of digital inequality in Bangladesh - Islam, Muhammad Nazrul; Inan, Toki Tahmid (SAGE Open, 2021)
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1177/21582440211021407 2339240:C3ZIMHJY 2405685:TDV2W3I9

An Investigation into Pre-Service Teachers' Self-Regulated Online Learning Perceptions - Özdemir, Atilla; Önal, Ahmet (International Journal of Contemporary Educational Research, 2021)
The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 pandemics has accelerated the process of technological transformation experienced by educational institutions. Traditional face-to-face education has been replaced by distance education as a precaution to minimize physical contact among the teachers and the students. As a result, self-regulatory skills have become a more significant factor for academic success in distance education. In line with this, the main aim of the study is to identify the level of self-regulated online learning perceptions of pre-service teachers in Turkish higher education context. Furthermore, the study also aims to reveal whether the pre-service teachers' self-regulated online learning perceptions differ according to several variables such as their gender, department, class, level of digital literacy and the time they daily spend online. A total of 353 pre-service teachers from various departments have participated in the study. The findings of the study indicate that pre-service teachers' perceptions of self-regulated online learning are at moderate level; thus, it can be argued that the level of their perceptions is far from satisfactory. Additionally, it has been observed that the pre-service teachers' self-regulated online learning perceptions differ according to their gender, level of digital literacy and time daily spent online. To be more precise, it has been noted that self-regulated online learning perceptions of female pre-service teachers are higher than those of male pre-service teachers. In a similar vein, it has been observed that the higher the level of digital literacy and the more time spent online, the higher the self-regulated online learning perceptions of pre-service teachers. The overall results of the study suggest that self-regulation skills of the pre-service teachers need to be emphasized and improved with the aim of contributing to the efficient implementation of distance education.
Publisher: International Journal of Contemporary Educational Research KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:62H9WIHB 2405685:P6VB83C6
Keywords: COVID-19; Correlation; Distance Education; Electronic Learning; Foreign Countries; Gender Differences; Pandemics; Preservice Teachers; Self Management; Student Attitudes; Technological Literacy; Time Management; Undergraduate Students; ⛔ No DOI found

Distance learning: Reach & Effectiveness in South Asia - Panth, Brajesh; van Cappelle, Frank; Li, Zhigang; van Kalmthout, Ellen; Gochyyev, Perman; Hayashi, Ryotaro (2021)
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:SF5W3G69 2405685:8HZRZR9K

Sierra Leone Public Expenditure Review 2021: Fiscal Policy for a Sustainable Recovery - World Bank (World Bank, 2021)
This Fiscal and Debt Sustainability Note, the first module of a programmatic multisectoral Public Expenditure Review (PER), reviews the recent macro-fiscal challenges, analyzes their causes and consequences and provide policy options for enhancing the conduct of fiscal and PFM policies in the country. The first part of this module draws on the Boost database to provide a comprehensive overview of the budget covering both revenues and expenditures. It analyzes the composition of the budget (based on economic and functional classifications) and discusses the most critical PFM issues the country faces. It also assesses budget execution and the efficiency of public expenditure. The second part of the module focuses on fiscal risks and their implications for medium-term fiscal and debt sustainability. It examines the recent evolution of public debt, its main drivers and relationship to economic growth. It describes recent reforms to address fiscal and debt vulnerabilities and how these reforms have been affected by the global pandemic. It also analyzes the main fiscal risks with a focus on those stemming from State-Own Enterprises (SOEs), local councils, litigations, natural disasters, and health crises. This part uses simulations to analyze the most likely evolution of the public debt path over the next 20 years under alternative risk scenarios. Finally, the module proposes practical and actionable policy options to help improve the macro-fiscal environment over the short term and preserve debt sustainability over the medium term.
Accepted: 2021-06-29T15:28:44Z KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:QWRVJMBE 2405685:KDMZ7CXM
Keywords: Debt Sustainability; Fiscal Policy; Fiscal Sustainability; Public Debt; Public Expenditure; Public Financial Management; Public Investment Management; State-Owned Enterprises

Re-imagining the future education management information systems, beyond head counts: leveraging data systems to support inclusive and effective learning for all - UNESCO (2021)
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:5UBF8HJT 2339240:XEWQYE2N 2405685:32I7B2XX 2405685:SA922BN9 2405685:XDKGCG2W 4656463:CD5YN6NM 4656463:NJH4HU8K

Analysis of Rural-Based Pre-Service Teachers Spatial-Visualisation Skills in Problem Solving in Vector Calculus Using MATLAB - Amevor, Godfred; Bayaga, Anass; Bosse, Michael (International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 2021)
In science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) for instance, interdisciplinary studies have noted positive correlation between spatial-visualization (SV skills) and mathematical problem solving. The majority of these studies sharing a link between SV skills and problem solving were contextualized in urban settings and only a few in rural settings. This investigation analyses how rural-based pre-service teachers apply their SV skills in problem-solving in a South African university, in the context of vector calculus. One hundred rural-based pre-service teachers in a second year vector calculus class at University of Zululand (UNIZULU) were randomly selected into control and experimental groups. MATLAB was used as a dynamic visual tool to analyse how research participants applied their SV skills. A mixed method approach was employed in data collection (quantitative and qualitative). Our findings revealed that the rural-based pre-service teachers’ SV skills correlate with their problem-solving skills in vector calculus.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.3991/ijet.v16i10.19269 2339240:Q22Y38D2 2405685:43VE73IX

WhatsApp-Assisted Learning for Refugees. End of Sandbox Sprint 3 - Boujikian, Michèle; Carter, Alice; Khalayleh, Abdullah (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.4783017 2405685:89DPN3SP 2405685:EVSZNGMA
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _MELA_seen; _r:AddedByZotZen; _zenodo:submitted

Determining the suitability of Whatsapp for Jusoor Azima Project - Khalayleh, Abdullah (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.4783101 2405685:MIQMEJK2
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _MELA_seen; _r:AddedByZotZen; _zenodo:submitted

What Did Children Do During School Closures? Insights from a Parent Survey in Tanzania - Oza, Shardul; Cilliers, Jacobus (Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), 2021)
In this Insight Note, we report results of a phone survey that the RISE Tanzania Research team conducted with 2,240 parents (or alternate primary care-givers) of primary school children following the school closures in Tanzania. After the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed in Tanzania on 16 March 2020, the government ordered all primary schools closed the following day. Schools remained closed until 29 June 2020. Policymakers and other education stakeholders were concerned that the closures would lead to significant learning loss if children did not receive educational support or engagement at home. To help stem learning loss, the government promoted radio, TV, and internet-based learning content to parents of school-age children. The primary aims of the survey were to understand how children and families responded to the school closures, the education related activities they engaged in, and their strategies to send children back to school. The survey also measures households’ engagement with remote learning content over the period of school closures. We supplement the findings of the parent survey with insights from interviews with Ward Education Officers about their activities during the school closures. The survey sample is comprised of primary care-givers (in most cases, parents) of students enrolled in Grades 3 and 4 during the 2020 school year. The survey builds on an existing panel of students assessed in 2019 and 2020 in a nationally representative sample of schools.4 The parent surveys were conducted using Computer Assisted Telephonic Interviewing (CATI) over a two-week period in early September 2020, roughly two months after the re-opening of primary schools. We report the following key findings from this survey: *Almost all (more than 99 percent) of children in our sample were back in school two months after schools re-opened. The vast majority of parents believed it was either safe or extremely safe for their children to return to school. *Only 6 percent of households reported that their children listened to radio lessons during the school closures; and a similar fraction (5.5 percent) tuned into TV lessons over the same period. Less than 1 percent of those surveyed accessed educational programmes on the internet. Households with access to radio or TV reported higher usage. *Approximately 1 in 3 (36 percent) children worked on the family farm during the closures, with most children working either 2 or 3 days a week. Male children were 6.2 percentage points likelier to work on the family farm than female children. *Households have limited access to education materials for their child. While more than 9 out of 10 households have an exercise book, far fewer had access to textbooks (35 percent) or own reading books (31 percent). *One in four parents (24 percent) read a book to their child in the last week.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.35489/BSG-RISE-RI_2021/027 2339240:4NJ7WZ8K 2405685:8WI6L8RQ

Locked out of school: Pakistan’s digital divide has students struggling - Irfan, Anmol (The Guardian, 2021)
Online lessons can’t reach children in many areas of Covid-hit country even though their parents still have to pay fees
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:T8XC53BT 2405685:CSPLGDG7

School Hits the Airwaves: Sierra Leone Turns to Education Radio as a Response to COVID-19 - World Bank (The World Bank, 2021)
Sierra Leone's experience with education radio during the 2014 Ebola outbreak has helped strengthen its radio programming during school closures caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:TQTHH2MX 2405685:55GPK4S9

New data on learning loss in Pakistan - Crawfurd, Lee; Hares, Susannah; Minardi, Ana Luiza (Center for Global Development, 2021)
To get a better picture of the effects of the pandemic on education in Pakistan, we carried out another round of our survey of students and parents. We found gender differences in learning loss, little engagement with government teleschool, dropping parental support for further closures, and more.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:ANJSCDN7 2405685:4P85RKIL 2405685:WY4KS8G3

STEM: breaking gender stereotypes - UNGEI (UNGEI, 2021)
In some Western cultures, pink is for girls, blue is for boys. Why? It just is. You might hear mothers remark with wonder that their little girls just love the pink dress (that was given to them). You may have heard fathers insist that their sons not wear pink clothing. It’s interesting to think that at the end of the nineteenth century in the USA, pink was actually the colour preferred for boys, it being a softer version of military red. Things change. The accepted wisdom that stereotypes originally come from a place of truth is erroneous. No credible research has indicated that girls gravitate to pink things without any cultural prompting. Our gendered behaviour is primarily socially conditioned. Research suggests that the idea of a female brain and a male brain is false [1]. Rather, the plasticity of the brain means that it can be moulded – from birth onwards – through learning, engaging in the world and being socially conditioned. This includes learning and absorbing gender stereotyping. Gendered colours are harmless though, right? No, not really. Any gender stereotype will reinforce a gender bias. In 2019, a Fawcett Society study found that 45 per cent of people said that when they were children, they experienced gender stereotyping as they were expected to behave in a certain way [2]. Seven in 10 younger women (18-34s) affected by stereotypes say their career choices were restricted [3]. Around 70 per cent of individuals in 34 countries associated science with males more than with females [4]. © UNICEF/UN0364176/XimendazCaregivers and teachers often reproduce the stereotype that boys are better in science and mathematics than girls, encouraging girls to aspire to ‘female-oriented’ careers instead of ‘male’ STEM related ones [5,6]. To compound this negative reinforcement, curriculum and learning materials reinforce gender stereotypes and unequal gender norms in STEM. In India, illustrations in math and science textbooks in primary school show 6 per cent girls, but more than 50 per cent boys [7]. The stereotyping sanctioned by parents, teachers and the curriculum itself negatively impacts a girl’s self-belief – and her future aspirations [8]. When three women won the Nobel Prize for science in 2020, it was newsworthy partly because not many women have won the prize over the years. But is it also newsworthy because, even today, many would not expect women to be such high achievers in science, technology, engineering and mathematics. Engineering is for boys. Mechanical toys are for boys. Science experiments are for boys. These are the stereotypes we learn. Where does this thinking come from? There’s obviously a lot to unpack here: traditional roles in society born out of a female’s capability to bear children, or stronger upper body strength, on average, amongst males, for example. But they don’t speak to our cognitive and intellectual potential. And I’m sure there would be many who would dispute every particular of the above. Questioning norms that are the foundation of our interaction with the world is difficult for all of us to do. © UNICEF/UN0145559/SchermbruckerAcknowledging that stereotypes exist is straightforward. Deciding that they shouldn’t constrain our behaviour and life path is a little harder. But confronting and actively challenging these stereotypes – indeed, breaking them! – is an altogether more difficult process. How do we do it? How do we take organic and grassroots solutions toward a tipping point of change? This International Girls in ICT Day (22nd April), UNGEI hosted an Instagram Live event to explore these important questions. Transform Education members Maryam and Nivaal and NASA engineer Farah Alibay talked about working with NASA on the Mars 2020 mission, how to drive progress for gender equality in STEM and why representation matters. Shifting power in STEM starts with listening to the experts and girls themselves, such as the inspiring changemakers on UNICEF’s Teen. Girl. Activist site. Debunking stereotypes is in their very capable hands… The first thing we need to do is recognize that there is a societal bias... let’s recognize that we are treating girls differently and that they are not being given the same opportunities. Now that we’ve started to recognize that problem, I think...normalizing STEM for girls, providing resources, and providing a safe space for girls is really important. Farah Alibay, Systems Engineer, NASA (UNGEI International Girls in ICT IG Live Event) Some choose to tackle stereotypes head-on, like the ‘Talent Viewer’ in the Netherlands, to break the stereotype that girls can’t successfully engage in STEM. Girls and boys in primary school (aged 9 to 12) assign talents to each other, discuss them, then investigate what STEM professions used these talents. This looks at certain talents being appropriate for STEM, not gender. A woman working in a STEM field talks to the classes about her job, effectively role modelling for girls. Critically, parents are encouraged to discuss the talents with their child and teachers participate in professional development on gender awareness, STEM education and talent development. The evaluation of the programme has indicated a positive change in attitude in both girls and boys towards girls’ participation in STEM. Around 46,000 children have engaged in this exciting work to date. © UNICEF/UNI363793/AryanAnother approach is simply to place girls in STEM-related industries, to show that it’s a natural place for both men and women, like the ‘Technogirls’ programme. This is a public-private partnership in South Africa that seeks to enhance the career uptake by disadvantaged girls in STEM fields (which is critical to the country’s economic growth). It identifies school-going young women from disadvantaged communities and places them in corporate mentorship and job-shadowing programmes. So far, 11,241 girls have engaged in structured job-shadowing programmes – and 78 per cent of them who have gone on to study in one of three scarce skills STEM fields in the country. These women become role models for the next generation and many of them are now mentors to new intakes of girls. The best investment is...girls' quality STEM education. And if we can give support to girls for quality STEM education, they will pay back successfully in the future to make a better world. Nasrin Siddiqa, Brookings Echidna Global Scholar (UNGEI@20 Forum) Other education systems have worked on how they teach STEM to ensure that girls aren’t overlooked or left behind. UNICEF in Ghana has worked with the Korea International Cooperation Agency and the Ghana Education Service on the ‘Better Life for Girls’ project. Focused on dismantling gender norms, the project included gender-responsive pedagogy (teaching and learning processes that pay attention to the specific learning needs of girls and boys) in mathematics and science, and providing life skills and leadership training for adolescent girls – helping more than 4,000 girls to stay in school and explore their potential. Training teachers on gender-responsive pedagogy helped to change girls’ perceptions of their own abilities – and this has a knock-on effect in the learning they pursue. If girls had believed the stereotype about not being good at mathematics, what other stereotypes can they challenge? And that is surely a question for all of us. During UNGEI’s 20th Anniversary Forum (UNGEI@20), activists, experts and leaders came together to explore what it will take to close the STEM gender gap in education and thus help girls fulfil their leadership potential. The event concluded that we need a gender-transformative approach to education, increasing opportunities for girls to develop digital skills and building their confidence and aspirations to pursue careers as STEM professionals. Technology is such a useful tool because it doesn't just provide mentors. It provides resources. It provides community. When you take away that access to tech, you take away that access to education as well, that basic human right. Audrey Pe, WiTech Founder (UNGEI@20 Forum) In the pursuit of equity in digital literacy and STEM skills, especially as we look toward a world of work where 9 in 10 jobs will require digital skills, UNICEF is proud to mobilize commitments alongside other public and private partners as an Action Coalition for Technology and Innovation as part of the Generation Equality Forum. These commitments include advancing girl-designed solutions to learning fit for a digital world, and advancing an outcome fund for digital literacy equity that brings together the best of public and private human and financial resources. © UNICEF/UNI363793/AryanIn the context of the Covid-19 crisis, which exposed structural inequalities in education and access to technology, these types of interventions are more important than ever. If we are to deliver on our global commitments to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 4 and 5, we need to understand just how much harm stereotypes of any kind can be, particularly to young, vulnerable, curious children. If we are serious about helping children to achieve their potential – for their own development and so they can contribute to their communities and the world – then we need to minimize the forces that limit that potential. This includes gender stereotyping. We need to start celebrating children for who they are, not who we think they should be, based on a pointless stereotype. Let’s help them to access their rights to be themselves. Let’s help them to wear whatever colour they like.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:RFBQ67SV 2405685:PWYK67HD

Making the grade: The sensitivity of education program effectiveness to input choices and outcome measures - Kerwin, Jason T.; Thornton, Rebecca L. (The Review of Economics and Statistics, 2021)
This paper demonstrates the acute sensitivity of education program effectiveness to the choices of inputs and outcome measures, using a randomized evaluation of a mother-tongue literacy program. The program raises reading scores by 0.64 SD and writing scores by 0.45 SD. A reduced-cost version instead yields statistically insignificant reading gains and some large negative effects (−0.33 SDs) on advanced writing. We combine a conceptual model of education production with detailed classroom observations to examine the mechanisms driving the results; we show they could be driven by the program initially lowering productivity before raising it, and potentially by missing complementary inputs in the reduced-cost version.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1162/rest_a_00911 2339240:YSZWN3WD 2405685:IJLK42YK 4656463:SK8JBZHG

Making the Grade: The Sensitivity of Education Program Effectiveness to Input Choices and Outcome Measures - Kerwin, Jason T.; Thornton, Rebecca L. (The Review of Economics and Statistics, 2021)
This paper demonstrates the acute sensitivity of education program effectiveness to the choices of inputs and outcome measures, using a randomized evaluation of a mother-tongue literacy program. The program raises reading scores by 0.64 SD and writing scores by 0.45 SD. A reduced-cost version instead yields statistically insignificant reading gains and some large negative effects (−0.33 SDs) on advanced writing. We combine a conceptual model of education production with detailed classroom observations to examine the mechanisms driving the results; we show they could be driven by the program initially lowering productivity before raising it, and potentially by missing complementary inputs in the reduced-cost version.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1162/rest_a_00911 2339240:YSZWN3WD 2405685:IJLK42YK 4656463:SK8JBZHG

Influence of COVID-19 on Students’ Sign Language Learning in a Teacher-Preparation Program in Saudi Arabia: Moving to E-Learning - Alawajee, Omar (Contemporary Educational Technology, 2021)
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.30935/cedtech/10886 2339240:Z6B9WIX9 2405685:3CNS5VW3

Advancing evidence-based decision making in LMICs: Focus of EdTech Hub’s work - Hennessy, Sara (EdTech Hub, 2021)
This blog sets out the Hub’s aims and approaches to identifying appropriate and effective uses of EdTech that can potentially raise learning outcomes in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Research shows that EdTech offers immense potential, but sustainable and positive change at scale has largely proved elusive in practice – particularly for marginalised learners where we focus our work. To…
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2405685:33PABHJH 2405685:Q8R8G8WG
Keywords: _EdTechHub_Output

How can real-time performance data lead to better education outcomes? - Sharma, Aarushi; Gustafsson-Wright, Emily; Osbourne, Sarah (Brookings, 2021)
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:SZWXK6WN 2405685:JNRNE6CJ 4656463:GFXAJF9E

Lack of Means or Lack of Awareness? Survey findings: barriers to learning with WhatsApp in refugee camps in Lebanon - Boujikian, Michèle; Carter, Alice (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.4780972 2405685:4UQT8WRN 2405685:WWUQ7VRT
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _MELA_seen; _r:AddedByZotZen; _zenodo:submitted

Using EdTech to Support Learning Remotely in the Early Years. Rapid Literature Review of Evidence from the Global Response to Covid-19. - Korin, Astrid (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org This topic brief examines the literature on technology-based, remote approaches to supporting learning in the early years for children from birth to age five, identifying promising practices for using EdTech in early childhood education (ECE) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). It draws on the nurturing care framework, Principles for Digital Development, and effective pedagogical practices for ECE.
ZenodoArchiveID: 4746391 previousDOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4746391 previousDOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4664510 KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.4664510 10.5281/zenodo.4746391 2339240:CJNJNHNU 2405685:RTQ64R3P 2405685:TD3Y79BH
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _MELA_seen; _cover:v3; _r:AddedByZotZen; _zenodo:submitted; _zenodoETH

Are the eﬀects of informational interventions driven by salience? - Bettinger, Eric; Cunha, Nina; Lichand, Guilherme; Madeira, Ricardo (University of Zurich Department of Economics, 2021)
Informational interventions have been shown to signiﬁcantly change behavior across a variety of settings. Is that because they lead subjects to merely update beliefs in the right direction? Or, alternatively, is it to a large extent because they increase the salience of the decision they target, aﬀecting behavior even in the absence of inputs for belief updating? We study this question in the context of an informational intervention with school parents in Brazil. We randomly assign parents to either an information group, who receives text messages with weekly data on their child’s attendance and school eﬀort, or a salience group, who receives messages that try to redirect their attention without child-speciﬁc information. We ﬁnd that information makes parents more accurate about student attendance, and has large impacts on their test scores and grade promotion relative to the control group. Even though salience messages, in contrast, do not make parents more accurate about attendance levels, learning outcomes in the salience group improve by at least as much. Why? We show that treated parents across both conditions become more accurate about changes in their children’s grades over time, although not about grade levels. Such coarse belief updating is consistent with independent information acquisition in response to salience eﬀects from both interventions. Our results have implications for the design and interpretation of informational interventions across a range of domains.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:BRBKHQ3F 2405685:V3BN4GC8
Keywords: ❓ Multiple DOI

Equitable learning with ICT: study of an intervention at scale for underserved students in India - Chandran, M.G.; Sarangapani, P. (2021)
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2405685:94XX23CS 2534378:RKB8G5HH

Zotero Workbook (v4) - Haßler, Björn; McBurnie, Chris; Murphy, Mary; Nourie, Kristi (2021)
Previous_DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3406140 KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.4719821 2405685:ISD67Q83

Cambodia Secondary Education Blueprint 2030 - Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport (2021)
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:SUR9LL27 2405685:HD54DUP6

Challenges and Opportunities as Students Return to School: Evidence from Caregiver and Staff Surveys across Rising Academy Network School - Caballero, Erika Montoya; McManus, Jeff; Njogu-Ndongwe, Frida; Fall, Sokhna Mously (IDinsight, 2021)
This report shares survey findings on the barriers that children face as they transition back to school after prolonged closures with evidence from caregiver and staff surveys across Rising Academy Network Schools.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:YXEGBXY2 2405685:HMTL6PX2

A 35-hour a year CPD entitlement could stop 12,000 teachers quitting - Henshaw, Pete (SecEd, 2021)
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:V3CA53IQ 2405685:T2GWCZ9P

What is Hybrid Learning? How can countries get it right? - Barron, Maria; Cobo, Cristobal; Ciarrusta, Inaki Sanchez; Munoz-Najar, Alberto (Education for Global Development, 2021)
What is Hybrid Learning? How can countries get it right?
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:392QJFI9 2339240:Z6VGWSAD 2405685:HH6SV3WK 2405685:NFXBM7SR

Learning loss due to school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic - Engzell, Per; Frey, Arun; Verhagen, Mark D. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021)
Suspension of face-to-face instruction in schools during the COVID-19 pandemic has led to concerns about consequences for students' learning. So far, data to study this question have been limited. Here we evaluate the effect of school closures on primary school performance using exceptionally rich data from The Netherlands (n ≈ 350,000). We use the fact that national examinations took place before and after lockdown and compare progress during this period to the same period in the 3 previous years. The Netherlands underwent only a relatively short lockdown (8 wk) and features an equitable system of school funding and the world's highest rate of broadband access. Still, our results reveal a learning loss of about 3 percentile points or 0.08 standard deviations. The effect is equivalent to one-fifth of a school year, the same period that schools remained closed. Losses are up to 60% larger among students from less-educated homes, confirming worries about the uneven toll of the pandemic on children and families. Investigating mechanisms, we find that most of the effect reflects the cumulative impact of knowledge learned rather than transitory influences on the day of testing. Results remain robust when balancing on the estimated propensity of treatment and using maximum-entropy weights or with fixed-effects specifications that compare students within the same school and family. The findings imply that students made little or no progress while learning from home and suggest losses even larger in countries with weaker infrastructure or longer school closures.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1073/pnas.2022376118 2339240:FQ7T9968 2405685:BRNCTXQM
Keywords: COVID-19; Child; Female; Humans; Learning; Male; Netherlands; Pandemics; Quarantine; SARS-CoV-2; Schools; digital divide; learning loss; school closures; social inequality

Evidence to Strengthen Tech-Supported Teacher Development in Madagascar - Coflan, Caitlin Moss; Koomar, Saalim; Rasolohery, Hasiniavo (EdTech Hub, 2021)
Our latest blog looks at using evidence to strengthen tech-supported teacher professional development in Madagascar. For more details, visit our website.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:ANDK8LBN 2405685:DRXSJH4U

L'utilisation des preuves pour renforcer la formation pédagogique à travers les technologies à Madagascar - Coflan, Caitlin Moss; Koomar, Saalim; Rasolohery, Hasiniavo (EdTech Hub, 2021)
Lire en Anglais Contexte Madagascar fait face à un taux élevé de la pauvreté d’apprentissage; 97 pour cent des enfants en classe de primaire du pays ne sont pas capables de lire un texte en français adapté à leur âge (Banque mondiale 2019, sur données PASEC 2015). Nous savons que les enseignants ont une influence cruciale sur l’éducation des élèves;…
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.4728174 2405685:552YTW72
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; ___working_potential_duplicate; _zenodoETH

Covid-19 and EdTech in Africa: A Country-Level Review Based on eLearning Africa Data - Damani, Kalifa (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
ZenodoArchiveID: 4703718 KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.4703718 2405685:CDC2W7Q6 2405685:HVQVC8TU
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _MELA_seen; _cover:v3; _r:AddedByZotZen; _zenodo:submitted; _zenodoETH

Let's Read — How Tusome Leveraged EdTech to Improve National Learning Outcomes. Governing Digital Transformation: Improving Outcomes in Education Systems - Myers, Christina; Kaye, Tom; Khalayleh, Abdullah (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
ZenodoArchiveID: 4699337 KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.4699337 2339240:MQFC486E 2339240:YAXCDGIK 2405685:3GQXS67C 2405685:Q9F2PISN
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _MELA_seen; _cover:v3; _r:AddedByZotZen; _zenodo:submitted; _zenodoETH

Let's Read — How Tusome Leveraged EdTech to Improve National Learning Outcomes. Governing Digital Transformation: Improving Outcomes in Education Systems - Myers, Christina; Kaye, Tom; Khalayleh, Abdullah (EdTech Hub, 2021)
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2405685:2J7K7DAQ 2486141:3ILITC56

EdTech for learners with disabilities: urgent need to focus on access, engagement and learning outcomes - Singal, Nidhi; Lynch, Paul; Kaye, Tom; Francis, Gill (EdTech Hub, 2021)
The current approaches to providing high quality learning experiences to learners with disabilities in low and middle-income (LMICs) countries requires radical rethinking. To date, significant numbers of learners with disabilities are not enjoying the benefits of barrier-free and meaningful engagement with the school curriculum in order to reach their potential. Appropriately matched technology to learner needs – in terms of…
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.4728168 2405685:6QJYLAD7 2405685:BZDFHTPM
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _zenodoETH

A Review of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Education from 2010 to 2020 - Zhai, Xuesong; Chu, Xiaoyan; Chai, Ching Sing; Jong, Morris Siu Yung; Istenic, Andreja; Spector, Michael; Liu, Jia-Bao; Yuan, Jing; Li, Yan (Complexity, 2021)
This study provided a content analysis of studies aiming to disclose how artificial intelligence (AI) has been applied to the education sector and explore the potential research trends and challenges of AI in education. A total of 100 papers including 63 empirical papers (74 studies) and 37 analytic papers were selected from the education and educational research category of Social Sciences Citation Index database from 2010 to 2020. The content analysis showed that the research questions could be classified into development layer (classification, matching, recommendation, and deep learning), application layer (feedback, reasoning, and adaptive learning), and integration layer (affection computing, role-playing, immersive learning, and gamification). Moreover, four research trends, including Internet of Things, swarm intelligence, deep learning, and neuroscience, as well as an assessment of AI in education, were suggested for further investigation. However, we also proposed the challenges in education may be caused by AI with regard to inappropriate use of AI techniques, changing roles of teachers and students, as well as social and ethical issues. The results provide insights into an overview of the AI used for education domain, which helps to strengthen the theoretical foundation of AI in education and provides a promising channel for educators and AI engineers to carry out further collaborative research.
Publisher: Hindawi KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1155/2021/8812542 2405685:T7U5VLI3 2486141:LZ7DG3FE

How Can EdTech Support Primary School Learners with Disabilities in LMICs? Recommendations for Policy - Lynch, Paul; Singal, Nidhi; Francis, Gill A. (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
ZenodoArchiveID: 4701259 KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.4701259 2339240:K42SWARR 2405685:DGECLZII 2405685:J83BVHG6 2405685:UXWEBRCC
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _MELA_seen; ___working_potential_duplicate; _cover:v3; _r:AddedByZotZen; _zenodo:submitted; _zenodoETH

Helping improve the Kenya Education Cloud with a SWOT analysis - Groeneveld, Caspar; Kimenyi, Eric; Kaye, Tom (EdTech Hub, 2021)
In early 2021, EdTech Hub partnered with the Kenya Institute of Curriculum Development to support them to analyse the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the Kenya Education Cloud. This blog highlights what we learnt, and lessons that can inform the development of Virtual Learning Environments around the world. Governments all over the world responded to Covid-19 school closures by…
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.4707900 2405685:F5HJ29AQ
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _zenodoETH

Combatting the impact of COVID-19 school closures in Bangladesh - Rahman, Tashmina; Ahmed, Ramim (2021)
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:N456FTY7 2405685:27LNFHVR

National Education Infrastructure Management System Report as at 12 April 2021 - Department of Basic Education, Republic of South Africa (Government of the Republic of South Africa, 2021)
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:ECR78M4N 2405685:E6DHFE74 4656463:EMQS6MGJ

The Use of Technology in the CPD Implementation Plan in Tanzania - Adam, Taskeen; El-Sefary, Yomna; Haßler, Björn; Khalayleh, Abdullah; Kremeia, Adam; Proctor, Jamie; Mtebe, Joel (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.4665846 2405685:N5HMII3R
Keywords: _EdTechHub_Output; _MELA_seen; _cover:analysis:nopdf; _r:AddedByZotZen

Support provided for K-12 teachers teaching remotely with technology during emergencies: A systematic review - Crompton, Helen; Burke, Diane; Jordan, Katy; Wilson, Samuel (Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 2021)
Emergencies can cause disruption to education. This study is unique in providing the first empirical systematic review on teacher support for Emergency Remote Education (ERE) from 2010 to 2020. A total of 57 studies emerged from the PRISMA search. This mixed-method study used deductive and inductive iterative methods to examine the data. The data reveal teacher support strategies from across 50 different high and low-income countries. Few studies focused on a teacher’s subject and the age range taught. In the examination of professional development provided to prepare K-12 teachers to conduct ERE, eight codes emerged from the grounded coding as; 1) prior preparation, 2) understanding ERE, 3) needs analysis, 4) digital pedagogical strategies, 5) technology tools, 6) frameworks, 7) digital equity, and 8) mental wellness.
ZenodoArchiveID: 5652026 Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2021.1899877 KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1080/15391523.2021.1899877 10.1111/bjet.13114 10.5281/zenodo.5652026 2339240:258WF4VH 2339240:RAP22KJU 2405685:5UAQ3N5K 2405685:BKMMRYCD 2405685:IA5XF32V 2405685:SU6FMBKT 2405685:XERPP4G9 2534379:UVB8PHFN
Keywords: COVID-19; Teacher education; _EdTechHub_Output; _GS:indexed; _MELA_seen; ___working_potential_duplicate; _cover:analysis:nopdf; _r:CopiedFromEvLib; _yl:a; disasters; emergencies; emergency remote education; pandemic; remote education

Children’s and adolescents’ digital access in Chile: the role of digital access modalities in digital uses and skills - Cabello, Patricio; Claro, Magdalena; Rojas, Rodrigo; Trucco, Daniela (Journal of Children and Media, 2021)
This article analyses the modes of physical access that facilitate participation in digital opportunities and the development of digital skills in children and adolescents (9 to 17 years old). We analysed the data obtained from the Kids Online survey in Chile. A latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted to identify groups based on access points and devices of use; access modalities were then composed crossing these variables. Four access modalities were found: cellphone-home; cellphone-ubiquitous; multi-device-home; multi-device-ubiquitous. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that ubiquitous modalities (multi-device and cellphone varieties) predicted digital use and skills among young Chileans, while the more static modalities (cellphone and home and multi-device and home) did not. These results are critical to addressing what can be deﬁned as “enabling access” among young Internet users in the context of digital inclusion policies.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1080/17482798.2020.1744176 2339240:BQ495K6E 2405685:XJRHE5YU

Motivating online learning through project-based learning during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic - Hira, Avneet; Anderson, Emma (IAFOR Journal of Education, 2021)
The transition of traditional schooling to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted formal school education. Though at home, teachers and students continued teaching and learning in socially distant ways using online technologies. From various teacher surveys, only about 60% of students in the United States regularly engaged with learning activities. Teachers and parents also expressed a significant need for help to keep students motivated and engaged in learning activities. During the pandemic, online learning left teachers and parents needing support for learning activities that motivate and engage students. Project-based learning is an increasingly popular pedagogical practice centered around students working collaboratively on projects while the teacher facilitates learning activities and progression. Project-based learning embodies several factors considered central to motivation in online learning. In this paper, we inquire how this approach presents itself as a candidate for learning during the pandemic when considering students’ motivation to learn through online learning experiences. We construct a conceptual framework informed by motivational theories that share core tenets with this form of learning and use the framework to analyze interviews of 11 teachers from 4 schools that taught with a project-based learning approach before the pandemic and transitioned to teaching, using it online, in the Spring of 2020. From our analyses of the teachers’ narratives, we discuss teaching aspects of the approach that lend themselves well to online teaching, elements that the teachers believe are missing, and how educators might cater to these missing aspects with a focus on student motivation to learn.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.22492/ije.9.2.06 2339240:KMIB34A6 2405685:BTUKQQCY

Community Help for Inclusive Learning and Development (CHILD): A Study of How Mobile Phones Were Used to Recruit and Equip Community Volunteers to Support Children’s Learning During Covid-19 School Closures in Zimbabwe - Power, Tom; Buckler, Alison; Ebubedike, Margaret; Tengenesha, Martha; Jama, Mbuso; Ndlovu, America; Mukoyi, Jane; Ndou, Mashudu; Mubaira, Simbarashe (EdTech Hub, 2021)
ZenodoArchiveID: 4557015 PrevoousDOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4502122 KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.4502122 10.5281/zenodo.4557015 2339240:6Z8Q4VYT 2339240:KCTXJNS6 2405685:HZRHPNI5
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _MELA_seen; _cover:v3; _zenodo:submitted; _zenodoETH

The pathway to progress on SDG 4 requires the global education architecture to focus on foundational learning and to hold ourselves accountable for achieving it - Beeharry, Girindre (International Journal of Educational Development, 2021)
Levels of reading comprehension and ability to do basic mathematics are shockingly low among primary-age children in low-income countries, despite the efforts of global education actors. This essay will argue that to make real progress on improving learning, actors in the sector need to prioritize a few key goals – in particular foundational literacy and numeracy – monitor progress to achieve them, and hold ourselves collectively accountable for improving results. Recent efforts such as the World Bank’s Foundational Learning Compact show promise but will require the support and scrutiny of other actors.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1016/j.ijedudev.2021.102375 2339240:MBCWCTFT 2339240:UQGCU5P5 2405685:IWU8MQJ7 2405685:WFTBEXII
Keywords: Foundational learning; Foundational literacy and numeracy; Global education; Global education architecture

A structured model of the dynamics of student learning in developing countries, with applications to policy - Kaffenberger, Michelle; Pritchett, Lant (International Journal of Educational Development, 2021)
Learning trajectories vary amazingly widely across countries, regions, and individual students in dynamic ways. In this paper we develop a parametrized structural model of the dynamics of the learning process and use the model for suggestive policy applications. We first synthesize the existing empirical literature on learning profiles, which suggest a clear set of parameters that formally characterize the learning process. We then calibrate this model of the learning process to reproduce the distribution of observed learning outcomes in low- and middle-income countries. Applying our calibrated model to policy simulations, we find that expanding schooling to universal attainment of basic education without changing the dynamics of the learning process would produce very little additional learning. Adjusting other parameters in the model, however, has large, positive effects. Slowing the pace of curriculum, so that more children can keep up, increases average learning in grade 10 by the learning equivalent of 1.6 years of schooling. Expanding the student skill levels that learn from a given level of instruction to account for within classroom heterogeneity of learning levels increases average grade 10 learning by the equivalent of a full year of schooling. The parameters we use are flexible, to accommodate the learning process in different contexts, and future work could explore additional parameterizations and calibrations for informing plans to improve education systems’ coherence for learning.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1016/j.ijedudev.2021.102371 2339240:CA826UNI 2405685:ZMA5UBXJ
Keywords: Dynamics of learning; Education policy; Learning trajectories; Low and middle income countries; Modelling learning

A comprehensive analysis of personalized learning components - Shemshack, Atikah; Kinshuk; Spector, Jonathan (Journal of Computers in Education, 2021)
Personalized learning is a learning approach that aims to personalize the learning experience according to the unique needs, goals, and skills of individuals which can be achieved by using current instructional technology that provides unique learning experiences in different learning environments. Technology is the main component that will enable and enrich personalized learning experience; however, even though technology is available to personalize the learning experience, there is still a lack of unified agreement on what components need to be considered for a dynamic personalized learning approach that is to be able to provide a unique and effective learning experience to each learner. To address this need, this study aims to analyze and synthesize different personalized learning approaches that consider different learning components, so that we have an evolving agreement on personalized learning models and approaches. The findings of this research identified the following main components: learner profiles and attitudes, previous knowledge and beliefs, personalized adaptive learning paths, and flexible self-paced learning environments that are generated by learning analytics. These prominent characteristics imply that a personalized learning environment (PLE) would need to be dynamic to maintain a current record of learner interests and attitudes, past experiences and performance, and activities and interactions likely to match a particular learner and learning goal.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1007/s40692-021-00188-7 2339240:QSBTLZSS 2405685:AYW2Z9VQ

Eight Reasons Why EdTech Doesn’t Scale: How sandboxes are designed to counter the issue - Simpson, Lea; Carter, Alice; Rahman, Asad; Plaut, Daniel (EdTech Hub, 2021)
The EdTech Hub’s sandbox approach offers implementers and decision makers a clear way to implement and scale only the most effective EdTech interventions. In this position paper we share our view on why EdTech isn’t scaling and how we see the sandboxes approach addressing them. Keywords: innovation; implementation; sandboxes; EdTech; scale; experimentation An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
ZenodoArchiveID: 4966322 KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.4966322 10.53832/edtechhub.0115 10.53832/edtechhub.0116 2405685:8HKCSIRC
Keywords: _EdTechHub_Output; _MELA_seen; _r:AddedByZotZen

Consequences of school closure on access to education: lessons from the 2013–2016 Ebola pandemic - Smith, William C. (International Review of Education, 2021)
The COVID-19 pandemic has seen an unprecedented shutdown of society. Among the various safety measures taken, much attention has been given to school closure as a non-pharmaceutical mitigation tool to curb the spread of the disease through ensuring “social” (physical) distancing. Nearly 1.725 billion children in over 95% of countries worldwide have been affected by school closures implemented in April 2020 as the virus continued to spread. In the field of education, policymakers’ attention has been directed at keeping students on board through remote learning and addressing the immediate needs of schools upon reopening. The study presented in this article focuses on who remains absent after schools resume. Using publicly available survey data from the USAID Demographic Health Surveys Program and the UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey from before and after the 2013–2016 Ebola pandemic in Guinea and Sierra Leone in West Africa, the author examined changes in school enrolment and dropout patterns, with targeted consideration given to traditionally marginalised groups. At the time, schools closed for between seven to nine months in the two countries; this length and intensity makes this Ebola pandemic the only health crisis in the recent past to come close to the pandemic-related school closures experienced in 2020. The author’s findings suggest that post-Ebola, youth in the poorest households saw the largest increase in school dropout. Exceeding expected pre-Ebola dropout rates, an additional 17,400 of the poorest secondary-age youth were out of school. This evidence is important for minimising the likely post-COVID-19 expansion in inequality. The author’s findings point to the need for sustainable planning that looks beyond the reopening of educational institutions to include comprehensive financial support packages for groups most likely to be affected.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1007/s11159-021-09900-2 2339240:JKCDRWKL 2405685:JFZ4ET3L

Emanant themes of blended learning in K-12 educational environments: lessons from the Every Student Succeeds Act - Yang, Sohyun; Carter, Richard, Jr; Zhang, Ling; Hunt, Tiffany (Computers & Education, 2021)
Blended learning (BL) is an instructional design structure that facilitates the benefits of technology, paired with face-to-face instruction, to address the variance in student learning. BL has been widely utilized in education with the rapid development of technology. While the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA, 2015) of the United States emphasizes supporting states to implement BL by facilitating the use of technology, it is unclear how states intend to operationalize BL in practice based on the federal statute. Therefore, this study investigated how many states referenced BL and how they operationalized BL in state ESSA plans by using thematic analysis. Results suggested a total of 17 states addressed BL in their finalized state ESSA plans. While these states referenced BL in various titles and parts, the researchers identified three major themes that operationalize BL, including (a) BL leveraging technology to support learning, (b) BL in professional development, and (c) BL as an alternative pathway. In the discussion, the researchers noted the ambiguity of the definition of BL among stakeholders (e.g., states) as well as the possibility of the use of BL towards enabling personalized learning in K-12. The researchers also discussed how to empower educators in the context of BL.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1016/j.compedu.2020.104116 2339240:NMIPJUID 2405685:DQW7UFZ4

The Relationship between Teachers' Attitudes to Distance Education and Their Life Satisfaction - Kirkiç, Kamil Arif; Yahsi, Ömer (Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 2021)
Teachers' attitudes toward distance education are important in terms of the effectiveness of the distance education process. They become even more critical during this time of global pandemics when face-to-face education has been compulsorily replaced by distance education. The worldwide coronavirus pandemic has changed the practices of the teaching profession. This period has revealed how teachers' life satisfaction while carrying out their profession can be affected by changes in education delivery. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between teachers' attitudes toward distance education and their life satisfaction during the distance education process. This research used the correlational survey method, a method in quantitative research. The sample group consisted of teachers (1,233 male and 3,671 female educators) working in different branches in Izmir. The "Life Satisfaction Scale" and "Attitude toward Distance Education Scale" were applied. Participants' demographic information was obtained using a "Personal Information Form" designed by the researchers. According to the results of the study, while there is a notable difference in teachers' limitations toward distance education and life satisfaction according to gender, there is no difference in the advantages gained from and attitudes toward distance education.
Publisher: University of Malaya Faculty of Education KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:ZILZ6A6N 2405685:FTADKX9J
Keywords: COVID-19; Correlation; Distance Education; Educational Attainment; Elementary School Teachers; Foreign Countries; Gender Differences; Income; Instructional Effectiveness; Knowledge Level; Life Satisfaction; Pandemics; Secondary School Teachers; Teacher Attitudes; Teacher Characteristics; ⛔ No DOI found

Parental Involvement, Learning Participation and Online Learning Commitment of Adolescent Learners during the COVID-19 lockdown - Lawrence, Kehinde Clement; Fakuade, Olubasayo Victor (Research in Learning Technology, 2021)
During the escalating coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, attempting to contain its spread, a large number of educational institutions shut down face-to-face teaching and learning activities globally due to a complete lockdown. This lockdown revealed emerging vulnerabilities of education systems in the lowand middle-income countries of the world, with Nigeria being no exception. Given these concerns, this research study assessed parental involvement, learning participation and the commitment to online learning of adolescent learners during the COVID-19 lockdown in Nigeria. An online survey questionnaire was employed to examine the level of online learning commitment and the contributory roles of each of the factors to online learning commitment of adolescent learners. In total, 1407 adolescents (male = 38.8%; female 61.2%) aged between 12 and 20 years (mean = 15: SD = 4.24) responded to the online survey, which was open for 2 months. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics of frequency distribution and inferential statistics of multiple regression. The findings revealed that the commitment level of adolescent learners to online learning was high. The findings further yielded a coefficient of R = 0.439 and R2 = 0.192 variance in the prediction of the outcome measure. Parental involvement contributed 32% (β = 0.322, p < 0.05) and learning participation contributed 23% (β = 0.234, p < 0.05) towards online learning. The study concludes that parental involvement and learning participation played a significant and positive role in the commitment of adolescent learners towards online learning during the COVID-19 lockdown in Nigeria. The authors suggest that parents be encouraged to synergise with the digitalised revolution, while the need for further in-depth research on the subject is emphasised in the suggestions for future research.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.25304/rlt.v29.2544 2339240:DSGJRP6C 2405685:KNYG37D4

Sierra Leone Series: Plan International and the importance of community support for distance teacher professional development programmes - McBurnie, Chris; Saidu, Arthur; Rincon Casado, Eusebio; Shergill, Maggie (EdTech Hub, 2021)
ZenodoArchiveID: 5652007 KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.5652007 2405685:KZ6FTNMC
Keywords: _EdTechHub_Output; _MELA_seen; ___working_potential_duplicate; _cover:analysis:nopdf; _r:AddedByZotZen

Kenya: How Rogue Officials Inflated Enrolment, Used Ghost Schools to Steal Billions - Muchunguh, David (The Nation in Allafrica.com, 2021)
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:HPKQLIY4 2405685:6QAGBDTM 4656463:3VX5BIBW

Using educational transitions to estimate learning loss due to COVID-19 school closures: The case of Complementary Basic Education in Ghana - Sabates, Ricardo; Carter, Emma; Stern, Jonathan M.B. (International Journal of Educational Development, 2021)
• Estimate learning losses during grade transition for disadvantaged and previously out of school students in Ghana. • The estimated average learning loss is around 66 % of previous learning gains in foundational numeracy during this transition period. • Widening gaps in learning loss are found according to availability of home learning support, as well as home learning resources. • Learning at home and in communities has to be reimagined if gains are to be achieved and losses are to be mitigated in the post-COVID 19 era. Learning loss is expected for millions of children who have been out of school as a result of the current COVID-19 pandemic. Unfortunately, it is uncertain how much learning will be lost and how wide the gaps may be for disadvantaged children. This paper uses a unique longitudinal dataset to estimate learning loss during a three-month transition from Complementary Basic Education to government schools in Ghana. Our results show an average learning loss of 66 % of previous learning gains in foundational numeracy during this transition period. More importantly, we estimate widening gaps in learning loss according to lack of home learning support, as well as lack of home learning resources. Our results have implications for the provision of learning activities and support at home, not just during current school closures due to COVID-19, but also during transitions between academic years.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1016/j.ijedudev.2021.102377 2339240:SQ7VK9VL 2405685:KHANG6IQ
Keywords: BASIC education; CHILDREN with social disabilities; COVID-19 pandemic; COVID-19 school closure; EDUCATIONAL outcomes; Equity; Ghana; Learning; Literacy; Numeracy; SCHOOL closings

A Monitoring and Evaluation Framework for Blended Learning: Pakistan Ministry of Federal Education and Professional Training - Khalayleh, Abdullah; Baloch, Imdad; Dele-Ajayi, Opeyemi; Kaye, Tom (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
ZenodoArchiveID: 4633326 KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.4633326 2339240:DNCQ88UV 2339240:ILPGZU8E 2339240:SGQPIKMM 2405685:AR7EAIDU 2405685:XBPZPS3P 2405685:ZL7H9N8P
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _MELA_seen; _cover:v3; _r:AddedByZotZen; _zenodo:submitted; _zenodoETH

Software preference for online learning of science and biology teachers under COVID-19 pandemic - Khaleyla, Firas; Wisanti, Wisanti; Ambarwati, Reni; Rahayu, Dwi Anggorowati; Putri, Eva Kristinawati (JPBI (Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Indonesia), 2021)
As measure against the rapid spreading of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which now has reached global level, Indonesian government established Large-scale Social Distancing (LsSD). As consequence, learning method used in junior and senior high school is substituted from face-to-face learning in class to online distance learning, including for science and biology. This study was conducted to know software preference used by science and biology junior and senior high school teachers for online learning during LsSD measure. A total of 189 science and biology junior and senior high school teachers from various area had given their response via questionnaire. Data was analyzed using quantitative descriptive method. About 57% respondents had never manage online learning before COVID-19 pandemic while the remaining 43% had experience in managing one before, however almost all managed online learning. Non-paid software used the most (81%) among respondents to manage online science/biology learning. Software types used were social networking (64%) especially WhatsApp, learning management system (LMS) (51%) especially Google Classroom, teleconference applications (12%), and assessment software outside of LMSs (15%). Software chosen were mostly non-paid, easily accessed by all people, already familiar among Indonesian, and its interface were easily mastered.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.22219/jpbi.v7i1.14253 2339240:B2NF22CZ 2405685:9Z5QJX7F

Sierra Leone Series: the Pikin-to-Pikin Movement and its focus on child protection, education, nutrition and health - McBurnie, Chris; Swaray, Abdulai; Kamara, Bai (EdTech Hub, 2021)
ZenodoArchiveID: 5652005 KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.5652005 2405685:RT5H8XNG
Keywords: _EdTechHub_Output; _MELA_seen; _cover:analysis:nopdf; _r:AddedByZotZen

Deaf Reach: End of Sandbox Showcase - Siddiqui, Maira; Shaikh, Saira; Rahman, Asad (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.4959839 2405685:6FBBKFMM
Keywords: _EdTechHub_Output; _MELA_seen; _r:AddedByZotZen

Academic Recovery Programme: Synthesis of Qualitative Data and High-level Overview - Haßler, Björn; Blower, Thomas; Megha-Bongnkar, Ghislaine; Regis, Callista (Open Development & Education, 2021)
Colophon: Commissioned by the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States, Castries, Saint Lucia. KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.4555874 2129771:XAMQ949U 2405685:I9KQL5GV
Keywords: Author:Haßler; AuthorFirst:Haßler; _C:Dominica DMA; _C:Grenada GRD; _C:Saint Lucia LCA; _C:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines VCT; _yl:c

L'utilisation des preuves pour renforcer la formation pédagogique à travers les technologies à Madagascar - Koomar, Saalim; Moss Coflan, Caitlin; Rasolohéry, Hasiniavo (EdTech Hub, 2021)
An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.4645807 2405685:BBWJNPNA
Keywords: _EdTechHub_Output; _MELA_seen; ___working_potential_duplicate; _cover:analysis:nopdf; _r:AddedByZotZen

"Aprendo en Línea" mantendrá acceso gratuito desde dispositivos móviles - mineduc (Ministerio de educación, 2021)
“Aprendo en Línea” cuenta con más de 80.000 recursos pedagógicos digitales para estudiantes, apoderados, docentes y directivos.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:2JKEXBRV 2405685:VBF82GCL

Sierra Leone series: Plan International and the importance of community support for distance teacher professional development programmes - Saidu, Arthur; Casado, Eusebio Rincon; Shergill, Maggie; McBurnie, Chris (EdTech Hub, 2021)
Over the past few months, the EdTech Hub team has analysed and mapped the EdTech research landscape in Sierra Leone. In doing so, we have met a number of individuals and organisations that are exploring if and how technology can support the country’s education sector. In week four, we met with Arthur Saidu, Eusebio Rincon Casado and Maggie Shergill from…
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5281/zenodo.4707910 2405685:7HCBSU4P
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; ___working_potential_duplicate; _zenodoETH

The Absent Voices of Development Economics - Subramanian, Arvind; Kapur, Devesh (Project Syndicate, 2021)
Development economics focuses on improving the well-being of billions of people in low-income countries, but the Global South is severely underrepresented in the field. A small number of rich-country institutions dominate, and their growing use of randomized controlled trials in research is entrenching the imbalance.
Section: Economics & Finance KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:JI4Z5G8C 2405685:DZA5YC5V

Needed: An Ecosystem for Meaningful Digital Innovation in Northern Kenya - Aslan Afrika (Aslan Afrika, 2021)
The information and communications technology (ICT) industry thrives in Kenyan cities, but vast rural tracts in Northern Kenya are stranded on the wrong side of the digital divide. One of the weakest links is a lack of infrastructure, both for […]
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:M9U4C6IJ 2405685:4LVDHQIG

Our Kids Are Not Broken - Berger, Ron (The Atlantic, 2021)
I am concerned about how this growing narrative of loss will affect our students, emotionally and academically.
Section: Ideas KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:PDGZ2NCM 2405685:CCCBBVG4

One year into COVID-19 education disruption: Where do we stand? - UNESCO (2021)
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:LCIHMACX 2405685:Q97KARUR