@article{noauthor_general_1997, title = {General {System} {Theory} and the {Ecosystem} {Concept}}, volume = {78}, issn = {2327-6096}, url = {https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.2307/20168127}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.2307/20168127}, language = {en}, number = {1}, urldate = {2020-12-22}, journal = {The Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America}, year = {1997}, note = {\_eprint: https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.2307/20168127 KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.2307/20168127 2339240:SZBL4WR7 2405685:I44GR2JU}, keywords = {⚠️ Invalid DOI}, pages = {102--104}, } @book{abbasi_role_1996, title = {The {Role} of {Educational} {Technology} in {Upgrading} {Teacher} {Education} in {Pakistan}}, url = {https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED396719}, abstract = {This paper outlines a joint Asian Bank/Pakistan Ministry of Education project designed to upgrade the state of teacher education and to improve the quality, status, and professional self-esteem of Pakistan's teachers. The main strategies identified by the Project for priority attention include: structural changes through the creation of four new types of teacher education institutions in each of the provinces; development of the main teacher education pre- and in-service courses; increased output and improved standard of teachers at all levels; development and implementation of a Total Educational Technology Plan; and upgrading and strengthening of existing Government Colleges for Elementary Teachers and Government Colleges of Education. Educational technology is a key element designed to assist in achieving the Project's major goals and objectives. Needs analysis produced recommendations geared for: target population; new teacher education courses; allocation of electronic media; teacher/principal attitudes towards the equipment and software; potential sources of software; availability of ancillary funding; specialist educational technology assistance for teachers; developing a profession of educational technology interested people; storage and access for hardware and software; roles of Mobile Training Units; and overseas lessons on the application of educational technology. (AEF)}, language = {en}, urldate = {2020-12-01}, author = {Abbasi, M. Hashim and Millar, Alex C.}, year = {1996}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:C7EXI7BY 2405685:ZRKLFKUR}, keywords = {Educational Change, Educational Development, Educational Finance, Educational Strategies, Educational Technology, Elementary Secondary Education, Foreign Countries, Higher Education, Needs Assessment, Professional Development, Program Improvement, Resource Allocation, Schools of Education, Teacher Attitudes, Teacher Education, Technology Planning}, } @article{ackoff_use_1981, title = {On the use of models in corporate planning}, volume = {2}, doi = {10.1002/smj.4250020404}, number = {4}, journal = {Strategic Management Journal}, author = {Ackoff, Russell L.}, year = {1981}, note = {Publisher: JSTOR KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1002/smj.4250020404 2339240:5W9CA6UK 2405685:JIUJI7HV}, pages = {353--359}, } @article{alderman_gender_1998, title = {Gender differences in parental investment in education}, volume = {9}, issn = {0954-349X}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0954349X9800040X}, doi = {10.1016/S0954-349X(98)00040-X}, abstract = {The gender gap in schooling is puzzling given that the expected returns to an individual for increased schooling — as measured by proportional wage increments — does not differ by gender. This paper explores possible explanations for the disparity using a model of parental investment in children. The model allows for differences in investments due to differences in costs — including the opportunity cost of the child's labor as well as school fees and availability. Moreover, it indicates that disparities in investment could come through differences in returns realized by parents, for example, in the probability of transfers from children to parents or in the degree of sympathy or altruism, even when market returns to the children themselves do not differ. While it is difficult to distinguish these different explanations empirically, the paper reviews available evidence and indicates interventions that governments can make to reduce the gender gap in education.}, language = {en}, number = {4}, urldate = {2022-03-04}, journal = {Structural Change and Economic Dynamics}, author = {Alderman, Harold and King, Elizabeth M.}, month = dec, year = {1998}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1016/S0954-349X(98)00040-X 2339240:UQTDSPZ5 2405685:SRZ5XD8W}, keywords = {Gender disparities, Schooling investments}, pages = {453--468}, } @book{ashby_general_1958, title = {General {Systems} {Theory} as a {New} {Discipline}}, publisher = {Plenum Press, New York}, author = {Ashby, W. R.}, year = {1958}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:PEB9EFMQ 2405685:BXRSAE54}, } @book{ashby_introduction_1961, title = {An introduction to cybernetics}, publisher = {Chapman \& Hall Ltd}, author = {Ashby, W. Ross}, year = {1961}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:PKSMSLR2 2405685:FS5Q474K}, } @article{ashby_principles_1968, title = {Principles of the self-organizing system}, journal = {Modern systems research for the behavioral scientist}, author = {Ashby, W. Ross}, year = {1968}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:4BNNIA8I 2405685:X7RW4QRY}, keywords = {⛔ No DOI found}, pages = {108--118}, } @article{attewell_home_1999, title = {Home {Computers} and {School} {Performance}}, volume = {15}, issn = {0197-2243, 1087-6537}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/019722499128628}, doi = {10.1080/019722499128628}, language = {en}, number = {1}, urldate = {2021-02-19}, journal = {The Information Society}, author = {Attewell, Paul and Battle, Juan}, month = feb, year = {1999}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1080/019722499128628 2339240:4GTU6KUS 2405685:3EN9A4SM}, pages = {1--10}, } @book{b_johnson_definition_1977, title = {The {Definition} of {Educational} {Technology}. {AECT} {Task} {Force} on {Definition} and {Terminology}}, isbn = {978-0-89240-006-5}, url = {https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED192759}, abstract = {A total, systematic, integrative concept provides the framework for this definition of educational technology as a theory, a field, and a profession. The definition statement presents an historical perspective of attempts to define educational technology and a current theoretical framework for arriving at a definition. It also identifies the intellectual techniques and practical applications derived from the theoretical framework and describes the training and certification, the ethics and standards, the leadership, the association and communications, the acknowledgement as a profession, the concern of the profession, and the relationship to other professions that both derive from the theoretical framework and exist in the field today. An evaluation of the definition statement concludes this document by the AECT Task Force on Definition and Terminology; a list of references and a glossary of terms not defined within this definition statement are appended. (Author/BK)}, language = {en}, urldate = {2021-02-16}, publisher = {Association for Educational Communications and Technology, 1126 16th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20036 (\$10}, author = {B. Johnson, John and Myers, Dennis and H. Silber, Kenneth and Storm, Susan and Virgo, Ralph and J. Wallington, Clinton}, year = {1977}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:9QZQPRFM 2405685:T4AXSVWH}, keywords = {Audiovisual Communications, Behavioral Sciences, Certification, Definitions, Educational History, Educational Methods, Educational Resources, Educational Technology, Educational Theories, Models, Professional Associations, Professional Occupations, Social Environment, Systems Approach}, } @book{bamgbose_mother_1976, title = {Mother {Tongue} {Education}: {The} {West} {African} {Experience}}, shorttitle = {Mother {Tongue} {Education}}, abstract = {In the rapidly changing political, economic, and social life of West Africa, there is a renewed interest in cultural identity. This book describes the developments and the difficulties experienced by different West African countries in the use of mother tongues in multi-lingual society. The book was commissioned to give scholars, educators, and policy-makers concerned with mother tongue education an account of developments in selected countries. Three broad areas are covered: (1) situations where the mother tongue has not yet been introduced into the formal school system but where preparations are being made; (2) situations where there has been a long tradition of mother tongue education; and (3) special projects. An introduction discusses the role of the mother tongue in education, with particular reference to West Africa. This is followed by a historical sketch of developments in mother tongue education. Contributions from Sierra Leone and Dahomey cover the first of the areas mentioned. Ghana's report covers the second area. The last two reports, from Nigeria, fall into the third category. Finally, two projects are described: the Six-Year Primary Project on the use of a major language as a medium of instruction and the Rivers Readers Project on the introduction of smaller languages into the formal school system. (Author/AM)}, language = {en}, urldate = {2022-04-06}, publisher = {Hodder and Stoughton Ltd}, author = {Bamgbose, Ayo}, year = {1976}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2405685:ZZ97PBUU 4042040:G8B7QARM}, keywords = {African Culture, African Languages, Bilingual Education, Educational Planning, French, Igbo, Language Planning, Language of Instruction, Mandingo, Mende, Multilingualism, Native Speakers, Portuguese, Regional Dialects, Sociolinguistics, Susu, Uncommonly Taught Languages, Wolof, Yoruba}, } @article{banathy_instructional_1968, title = {Instructional systems.}, author = {Banathy, Bela H.}, year = {1968}, note = {Publisher: ERIC zotzenLib.CopiedFrom: 2339240:8AAIBUU3 KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:8AAIBUU3 2405685:XMV2DZ4N}, keywords = {⛔ No DOI found}, } @book{banathy_systems_1991, title = {Systems {Design} of {Education}: {A} {Journey} to {Create} the {Future}}, isbn = {978-0-87778-229-2}, shorttitle = {Systems {Design} of {Education}}, language = {en}, publisher = {Educational Technology}, author = {Banathy, Bela H.}, year = {1991}, note = {Google-Books-ID: ErvzcDYDcrwC KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:4KFHPMRZ 2339240:H5UIS8GA 2405685:7HLPG42D}, keywords = {Education / General}, } @article{banathy_systems_1988, title = {Systems inquiry in education}, volume = {1}, doi = {10.1007/BF01059858}, number = {2}, journal = {Systems Practice}, author = {Banathy, Bela H.}, year = {1988}, note = {Publisher: Springer KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1007/BF01059858 2339240:D2WTBX6K 2405685:5GM69NMN}, pages = {193--212}, } @article{banathy_systems_1967, title = {The {Systems} {Approach}}, volume = {51}, issn = {0026-7902}, url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/323431}, doi = {10.2307/323431}, number = {5}, urldate = {2021-04-12}, journal = {The Modern Language Journal}, author = {Banathy, Bela H.}, year = {1967}, note = {Publisher: [National Federation of Modern Language Teachers Associations, Wiley] zotzenLib.CopiedFrom: 2339240:FPLEMUK5 KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.2307/323431 2339240:FPLEMUK5 2405685:N8AUEH6R}, pages = {281--289}, } @article{beebe_basic_1995, title = {Basic {Concepts} and {Techniques} of {Rapid} {Appraisal}}, volume = {54}, issn = {0018-7259, 1938-3525}, url = {http://sfaajournals.net/doi/10.17730/humo.54.1.k84tv883mr2756l3}, doi = {10.17730/humo.54.1.k84tv883mr2756l3}, language = {en}, number = {1}, urldate = {2023-02-28}, journal = {Human Organization}, author = {Beebe, James}, month = mar, year = {1995}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.17730/humo.54.1.k84tv883mr2756l3 2339240:AVUKHX4X 2405685:YDNJSQPX}, pages = {42--51}, } @misc{bertalanffy_general_1969, title = {General {System} {Theory}: {Foundations}, {Development}, {Applications}}, shorttitle = {General {System} {Theory}}, url = {https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/763002}, language = {en}, urldate = {2020-12-17}, journal = {eweb:1908}, author = {Bertalanffy, Ludwig von}, year = {1969}, doi = {10.1109/TSMC.1974.4309376}, note = {Accepted: 2016-01-06T21:15:27Z KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1109/TSMC.1974.4309376 2339240:35XFVEV6 2405685:5VZDY895}, } @article{bettin_applying_1999, title = {Applying {Systems} {Design} {Principles} to the {Design} of {Web}-{Based} {Training} {Systems}}, volume = {1}, issn = {1522-192X}, url = {https://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/8047/}, abstract = {The Web is a popular platform for training educators and learners in educational systems. We find several Web-based training systems that are developed by enterprises that try to train teachers and students to use Web technologies in educational settings. The purpose of this article is to apply systems design principles to the design of Web-based training systems for teachers and learners. Several issues will be addressed in this paper such as the development of an Integrated Learning Community System (ILCS) for a better learning environment, the Quality Assurance / Audience Analysis /...}, language = {en}, number = {3}, urldate = {2021-02-17}, journal = {WebNet Journal: Internet Technologies, Applications \& Issues}, author = {Bettin, Antje and Dillinger, Lisa and Ferraro, Sal and St-Pierre, Armand}, year = {1999}, note = {Publisher: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE) KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:9I3C2SDI 2405685:3SDKRBX2}, keywords = {⛔ No DOI found}, pages = {28--33}, } @article{betts_how_1992, title = {How systems thinking applies to education.}, volume = {50}, number = {3}, journal = {Educational Leadership}, author = {Betts, Frank}, year = {1992}, note = {Publisher: ERIC KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:CBNRX4EL 2339240:EFGRS82R 2405685:RLLGMCR8}, keywords = {⛔ No DOI found}, pages = {38--41}, } @misc{betts_how_1992, title = {How {Systems} {Thinking} {Applies} to {Education} - {Educational} {Leadership}}, url = {http://www.ascd.org/publications/educational-leadership/nov92/vol50/num03/How-Systems-Thinking-Applies-to-Education.aspx}, urldate = {2021-01-07}, author = {Betts, Frank}, year = {1992}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:QPYY892Y 2405685:QZ6X9RBJ}, } @article{black_assessment_1998, title = {Assessment and classroom learning}, volume = {5}, issn = {0969-594X, 1465-329X}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0969595980050102}, doi = {10.1080/0969595980050102}, language = {en}, number = {1}, urldate = {2021-11-11}, journal = {Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy \& Practice}, author = {Black, Paul and Wiliam, Dylan}, month = mar, year = {1998}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1080/0969595980050102 2339240:KDJFBW3D 2405685:9BJLEV64}, pages = {7--74}, } @article{boehm_spiral_1988, title = {A spiral model of software development and enhancement}, volume = {21}, issn = {1558-0814}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/59}, doi = {10.1109/2.59}, abstract = {A short description is given of software process models and the issues they address. An outline is given of the process steps involved in the spiral model, an evolving risk-driven approach that provides a framework for guiding the software process, and its application to a software project is shown. A summary is given of the primary advantages and implications involved in using the spiral model and the primary difficulties in using it at its current incomplete level of elaboration.{\textless}{\textgreater}}, number = {5}, urldate = {2024-02-15}, journal = {Computer}, author = {Boehm, B. W.}, month = may, year = {1988}, note = {Conference Name: Computer KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1109/2.59 2339240:965GRXPK 2405685:A29EGW7U}, keywords = {Application software, Military computing, Navigation, Productivity, Programming, Prototypes, Software prototyping, Spirals, Testing}, pages = {61--72}, } @article{boehm_spiral_1988, title = {A spiral model of software development and enhancement}, volume = {21}, issn = {1558-0814}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/59}, doi = {10.1109/2.59}, abstract = {A short description is given of software process models and the issues they address. An outline is given of the process steps involved in the spiral model, an evolving risk-driven approach that provides a framework for guiding the software process, and its application to a software project is shown. A summary is given of the primary advantages and implications involved in using the spiral model and the primary difficulties in using it at its current incomplete level of elaboration.{\textless}{\textgreater}}, number = {5}, urldate = {2024-02-15}, journal = {Computer}, author = {Boehm, B. W.}, month = may, year = {1988}, note = {Conference Name: Computer KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1109/2.59 2339240:965GRXPK 2405685:A29EGW7U}, keywords = {Application software, Military computing, Navigation, Productivity, Programming, Prototypes, Software prototyping, Spirals, Testing}, pages = {61--72}, } @techreport{bosch_interactive_1997, title = {Interactive {Radio} {Instruction}: {Twenty}-{Three} {Years} of {Improving} {Educational} {Quality}}, url = {https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/321401468782370378/pdf/multi-page.pdf}, abstract = {Interactive Radio Instruction (IRI) is the use of interactive lessons delivered through either radio broadcast or audiocassette. An "audio" teacher directs the lessons while classroom teachers serve as facilitators. IRI has been used in developing countries worldwide to improve the quality of education across a range of school subjects and to serve as a form of teacher development. Multiple studies of IRI consistently have shown high learning gains, decreased equity gaps, and cost-effectiveness. Twenty-three years after their initial launch, several major IRI projects continue to operate successfully. While over the years IRI has been updated in various ways, its basic structure and methodology remain largely unaltered. IRI continues to be used in projects around the world.}, language = {en}, number = {19765}, institution = {World Bank Group}, author = {Bosch, Andrea}, year = {1997}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:86B68MJ8 2339240:UIAW5FZ6 2405685:9CTBNN9C 2405685:C59FG3QM 2405685:DTKLJRUG 2534379:SZAKK482}, keywords = {\_\_\_working\_potential\_duplicate}, pages = {18}, } @article{boulding_general_1956, title = {General systems theory—the skeleton of science}, volume = {2}, doi = {10.1287/mnsc.2.3.197}, number = {3}, journal = {Management science}, author = {Boulding, Kenneth E.}, year = {1956}, note = {Publisher: INFORMS KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1287/mnsc.2.3.197 2339240:6KX4XJB6 2405685:HTRMKGQH}, pages = {197--208}, } @article{bronfenbrenner_ecological_1994, title = {Ecological models of human development}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, journal = {Readings on the development of children}, author = {Bronfenbrenner, Urie}, year = {1994}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:IFDNWTWK 2405685:P7AUMPEJ}, keywords = {⛔ No DOI found}, pages = {37--43}, } @book{bronfenbrenner_ecological_1992, title = {Ecological systems theory.}, publisher = {Jessica Kingsley Publishers}, author = {Bronfenbrenner, Urie}, year = {1992}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:LM6N2NBV 2405685:GPKGPSLU}, } @incollection{bronfenbrenner_recent_1986, title = {Recent advances in research on the ecology of human development}, booktitle = {Development as action in context}, publisher = {Springer}, author = {Bronfenbrenner, Urie}, year = {1986}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:NIHMVHIB 2405685:46WEJW6Z}, pages = {287--309}, } @book{bronfenbrenner_ecology_1979, address = {Cambridge, MA}, title = {The {Ecology} of {Human} {Development}}, isbn = {978-0-674-22457-5}, abstract = {To understand the way children develop, Bronfenbrenner believes that it is necessary to observe their behavior in natural settings, while they are interacting with familiar adults over prolonged periods of time. His book offers an important blueprint for constructing a new and ecologically valid psychology of development.}, language = {en}, publisher = {Harvard University Press}, author = {Bronfenbrenner, Urie}, year = {1979}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:IB92V3T4 2405685:X94S6SED}, keywords = {Psychology / General}, } @book{bronfenbrenner_ecology_1979, address = {Cambridge, Mass}, title = {The ecology of human development: experiments by nature and design}, isbn = {978-0-674-22456-8}, shorttitle = {The ecology of human development}, language = {en}, publisher = {Harvard University Press}, author = {Bronfenbrenner, Urie}, year = {1979}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:HMYL7CY9 2405685:HZGL4BHS}, keywords = {Child psychology, Human development, Research}, } @article{bronfenbrenner_toward_1977, title = {Toward an experimental ecology of human development.}, volume = {32}, doi = {10.1037/0003-066X.32.7.513}, number = {7}, journal = {American psychologist}, author = {Bronfenbrenner, Urie}, year = {1977}, note = {Publisher: American Psychological Association KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1037/0003-066X.32.7.513 2339240:WGE3P8SG 2405685:LBGGSTDM}, pages = {513}, } @book{bruner_culture_1997, address = {Cambride, MA}, title = {The {Culture} of {Education}}, url = {https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674179530}, abstract = {In a masterly commentary on the possibilities of education, eminent psychologist Jerome Bruner reveals how education can usher children into their culture, though it often fails to do so. Going well beyond his earlier acclaimed books on education, Bruner looks past the issue of achieving individual competence to the question of how education equips individuals to participate in the culture on which life and livelihood depend.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2020-09-18}, publisher = {Harvard University Press}, author = {Bruner, Jerome}, year = {1997}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2405685:Q4RW7DZ2 2534378:AKHBH88S}, } @book{bryk_hierarchical_1992, address = {Thousand Oaks, CA, US}, series = {Hierarchical linear models: {Applications} and data analysis methods}, title = {Hierarchical linear models: {Applications} and data analysis methods}, isbn = {978-0-8039-4627-9}, shorttitle = {Hierarchical linear models}, abstract = {Much social and behavioral research involves hierarchical data structures. . . . Recent developments in the statistical theory of hierarchical linear models now afford an integrated set of methods for such applications. This introductory text explicates the theory and use of hierarchical linear models (HLM) through rich, illustrative examples and lucid explanations. The presentation remains reasonably nontechnical by focusing on three general research purposes—improved estimation of effects within an individual unit, estimating and testing hypotheses about cross-level effects, and partitioning of variance and covariance components among levels. This innovative volume describes use of both two and three level models in organizational research, studies of individual development and meta-analysis applications, and concludes with a formal derivation of the statistical methods used in the book. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)}, publisher = {Sage Publications, Inc}, author = {Bryk, Anthony S. and Raudenbush, Stephen W.}, year = {1992}, note = {Pages: xvi, 265 KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:9TSGNTPN 2405685:Y6RDYAQA}, keywords = {Mathematical Modeling, Statistical Analysis}, } @book{byrne_complexity_1998, title = {Complexity theory and the social sciences: {An} introduction}, shorttitle = {Complexity theory and the social sciences}, publisher = {Psychology Press}, author = {Byrne, David S.}, year = {1998}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:3XXU8DSD 2405685:QMDI9BYM}, } @article{cattell_theory_1963, title = {Theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence: {A} critical experiment}, volume = {54}, issn = {0022-0663}, shorttitle = {Theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence}, url = {https://ezp.lib.cam.ac.uk/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=1963-07991-001&site=ehost-live&scope=site}, doi = {10.1037/h0046743}, abstract = {The theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence propounded 20 years ago by the author has since accumulated support. However, the crucial issue of whether 1 or 2 general factors subtend intellectual performances has lacked an experiment adequately designed for accurate, determinate, simple-structure rotation at the 2nd order. By factoring culturally embedded with culture-fair intelligence measures on a background of pure personality primaries (N = 277 7th and 8th grade boys and girls), it is shown that 2 general factors indeed exist. A review, with some mathematical formulations, is given of the theory's implications for the nature-nurture ratio, brain injury, standard deviaiton of the IQ, growth curves, the concept of a relational difficulty hierarchy, test standardization, and the relative validities of traditional and culture-fair intelligence tests. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)}, number = {1}, urldate = {2019-11-19}, journal = {Journal of Educational Psychology}, author = {Cattell, Raymond B.}, month = feb, year = {1963}, note = {shortDOI: 10/fs6ptd KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1037/h0046743 10/fs6ptd 1963-07991-001 2339240:TGQK3VJY 2405685:C8ZBFK3U}, keywords = {Cognitive Ability, Fluid Intelligence, Intelligence, crystallized intelligence, fluid intelligence, intellectual performances}, pages = {1--22}, } @book{chambers_whose_1999, title = {Whose {Reality} {Counts}?: {Putting} the first last}, abstract = {In this sequel to Rural Development: Putting the last first Robert Chambers argues that central issues in development have been overlooked, and that many past errors have flowed from domination by those with power. Through analysing experience - of past mistakes and myths, and of the continuing methodological revolution of PRA (participatory rural appraisal) - the author points towards solutions. In many countries, urban and rural people alike have shown an astonishing ability to express and analyse their local, complex and diverse realities which are often at odds with the top-down realities imposed by professionals. The author argues that personal, professional and institutional change is essential if the realities of the poor are to receive greater recognition. Whose Reality Counts? presents a radical challenge to all concerned with development, whether practitioners, researchers or policy-makers, in all organizations and disciplines, and at all levels from fieldworkers to the heads of agencies.This is a thought-provoking book and it would interest all those concerned with the realities of the poor in the developing world.}, publisher = {Practical Action Publishing}, author = {Chambers, Robert}, month = jun, year = {1999}, } @article{chatry-komarek_manuels_1994, title = {Des manuels scolaires sur mesure: {Guide} pratique à l'intention des auteurs de manuels scolaires}, shorttitle = {Des manuels scolaires sur mesure}, journal = {Des manuels scolaires sur mesure}, author = {Chatry-Komarek, Marie}, year = {1994}, note = {Publisher: l'Harmattan KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2405685:MZBJLHY2 4042040:D9J252TM}, keywords = {⛔ No DOI found}, pages = {1--240}, } @article{chatry-komarek_langues_1997, title = {Langues africaines: vers une édition scolaire: à propos d'un programme de formation pour auteurs de manuels scolaires}, shorttitle = {Langues africaines}, journal = {Langues africaines}, author = {Chatry-Komarek, Marie}, year = {1997}, note = {Publisher: L'Harmattan KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2405685:7NM6JJH4 4042040:24LE3R7W}, keywords = {⛔ No DOI found}, pages = {1--206}, } @article{chen_general_1993, title = {General system theory: {Toward} a conceptual framework for science and technology education for all}, volume = {2}, shorttitle = {General system theory}, doi = {10.1007/BF00694427}, abstract = {In this paper we suggest using general system theory (GST) as a unifying theoretical framework for science and technology education for all. Five reasons are articulated: the multidisciplinary nature of systems theory, the ability to engage complexity, the capacity to describe system dynamics and change, the ability to represent the relationship between the micro-level and macro-level of analysis, and the ability to bring together the natural and human worlds. The historical origins of system ideas are described, and the major concepts of system theory are mapped; including the mathematical, technological, and philosophical constructs. The various efforts to implement system thinking in educational contexts are reviewed, and three kinds of learning environments are defined: expert presentation, simulation, and real-world. A broad research agenda for exploring and drawing-out the educational implications of system thinking and learning is outlined. The study of both real-world and simulated learning environments is advocated.}, number = {3}, journal = {Journal of Science Education and Technology}, author = {Chen, David and Stroup, Walter}, month = sep, year = {1993}, note = {Publisher: Springer KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1007/BF00694427 2339240:4BEFNASC 2339240:VY7F8NSQ 2339240:W4AIVZY3 2405685:324558I2 2405685:LUXFXWLU}, pages = {447--459}, } @article{chen_what_1975, title = {What is the systems approach?}, volume = {6}, doi = {10.1287/inte.6.1.32}, number = {1}, journal = {Interfaces}, author = {Chen, Gordon KC}, year = {1975}, note = {Publisher: INFORMS KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1287/inte.6.1.32 2339240:356N85EF 2405685:5J24EWCJ}, keywords = {\_\_C:scheme:1}, pages = {32--37}, } @book{churchman_systems_1968, title = {The systems approach}, publisher = {Delta}, author = {Churchman, Charles West}, year = {1968}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:7XDS7VTZ 2405685:KXD2AK5G}, } @article{cilliers_complexity_1999, title = {Complexity and post-modernism: {Understanding} complex systems}, volume = {18}, shorttitle = {Complexity and post-modernism}, number = {2}, journal = {South African Journal of Philosophy}, author = {Cilliers, Paul and Spurrett, David}, year = {1999}, note = {Publisher: Taylor \& Francis KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:9UDASY4A 2405685:E3Y7XKAE}, keywords = {❓ Multiple DOI}, pages = {258--274}, } @book{collay_learning_1998, address = {Thousand Oaks, Calif}, title = {Learning circles: creating conditions for professional development}, isbn = {978-0-8039-6675-8 978-0-8039-6676-5}, shorttitle = {Learning circles}, publisher = {Corwin Press}, editor = {Collay, Michelle}, year = {1998}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:H7NWEVPR 2405685:UXYXVQ2E}, keywords = {Cooperativeness, Group work in education, In-service training, Teachers, Teaching, United States}, } @article{cooper_effects_1996, title = {The {Effects} of {Summer} {Vacation} on {Achievement} {Test} {Scores}: {A} {Narrative} and {Meta}-{Analytic} {Review}}, volume = {66}, issn = {0034-6543, 1935-1046}, shorttitle = {The {Effects} of {Summer} {Vacation} on {Achievement} {Test} {Scores}}, url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.3102/00346543066003227}, doi = {10.3102/00346543066003227}, language = {en}, number = {3}, urldate = {2020-09-23}, journal = {Review of Educational Research}, author = {Cooper, Harris and Nye, Barbara and Charlton, Kelly and Lindsay, James and Greathouse, Scott}, year = {1996}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.3102/00346543066003227 2339240:NWJDJJK2 2405685:RMGEE4SP}, pages = {227--268}, } @misc{coppa_childrens_1998, title = {Children's {Online} {Privacy} {Protection} {Rule} ("{COPPA}")}, url = {http://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/rules/childrens-online-privacy-protection-rule-coppa}, abstract = {COPPA imposes certain requirements on operators of websites or online services directed to children under 13 years of age, and on operators of other websites or online services that have actual knowledge that they are collecting personal information online from a child under 13 years of age.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2022-06-14}, journal = {Federal Trade Commission}, author = {COPPA}, year = {1998}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:YJPLYDJK 2405685:MRGZHJFL}, } @article{crowne_new_1960, title = {A {New} {Scale} of {Social} {Desirability} {Independent} of {Psychopathology}}, volume = {24}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/9754153_A_New_Scale_of_Social_Desirability_Independent_of_Psychopathology}, doi = {10.1037/h0047358}, abstract = {A new social desirability scale was constructed and correlated with MMPI scales. Comparison was made with correlations of the Edwards Social Desirability scale. The new scale correlated highly with MMPI scales and supported the definition of social desirability. Ss need to respond in "culturally sanctioned ways."}, number = {4}, journal = {Journal of Consulting Psychology}, author = {Crowne, Douglas and Marlowe, David}, month = sep, year = {1960}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1037/h0047358 2339240:TVLS4IMW 2339240:ZQW9CUBH 2405685:5Q6PNBHN 2405685:EKSPVCBL 2405685:YA7UDCIZ 2534379:9R68LBUV}, pages = {349--54}, } @book{cummins_brave_1997, title = {Brave new schools: {Challenging} cultural illiteracy through global learning networks}, shorttitle = {Brave new schools}, publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan}, author = {Cummins, Jim and Sayers, Dennis}, year = {1997}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:NJFVSDFU 2405685:C8AQYB6P}, } @article{davis_perceived_1989, title = {Perceived {Usefulness}, {Perceived} {Ease} of {Use}, and {User} {Acceptance} of {Information} {Technology}}, volume = {13}, issn = {02767783}, url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/249008?origin=crossref}, doi = {10.2307/249008}, number = {3}, urldate = {2021-01-06}, journal = {MIS Quarterly}, author = {Davis, Fred D.}, month = sep, year = {1989}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.2307/249008 2339240:2PPNSDIW 2339240:HEUYC9UD 2405685:98VNWX7E}, pages = {319}, } @article{davis_perceived_1989, title = {Perceived {Usefulness}, {Perceived} {Ease} of {Use}, and {User} {Acceptance} of {Information} {Technology}}, volume = {13}, issn = {0276-7783}, url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/249008}, doi = {10.2307/249008}, abstract = {Valid measurement scales for predicting user acceptance of computers are in short supply. Most subjective measures used in practice are unvalidated, and their relationship to system usage is unknown. The present research develops and validates new scales for two specific variables, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, which are hypothesized to be fundamental determinants of user acceptance. Definitions for these two variables were used to develop scale items that were pretested for content validity and then tested for reliability and construct validity in two studies involving a total of 152 users and four application programs. The measures were refined and stream-lined, resulting in two six-item scales with reliabilities of.98 for usefulness and.94 for ease of use. The scales exhibited high convergent, discriminant, and factorial validity. Perceived usefulness was significantly correlated with both self-reported current usage (r=.63, Study 1) and self-predicted future usage (r=.85, Study 2). Perceived ease of use was also significantly correlated with current usage (r=.45, Study 1) and future usage (r=.59, Study 2). In both studies, usefulness had a significantly greater correlation with usage behavior than did ease of use. Regression analyses suggest that perceived ease of use may actually be a causal antecedent to perceived usefulness, as opposed to a parallel, direct determinant of system usage. Implications are drawn for future research on user acceptance.}, number = {3}, urldate = {2023-04-23}, journal = {MIS Quarterly}, author = {Davis, Fred D.}, year = {1989}, note = {Publisher: Management Information Systems Research Center, University of Minnesota KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.2307/249008 2339240:G2LEGYAD 2405685:W4SUF2B4}, pages = {319--340}, } @article{dede_evolution_1995, title = {The {Evolution} of {Constructivist} {Learning} {Environments}: {Immersion} in {Distributed}, {Virtual} {Worlds}}, volume = {35}, issn = {0013-1962}, shorttitle = {The {Evolution} of {Constructivist} {Learning} {Environments}}, url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/44428298}, number = {5}, urldate = {2020-09-18}, journal = {Educational Technology}, author = {Dede, Chris}, year = {1995}, note = {Publisher: Educational Technology Publications, Inc. KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2405685:692XKHBU}, keywords = {⛔ No DOI found}, pages = {46--52}, } @article{diamond_development_1996, title = {Development of an aspect of executive control: {Development} of the abilities to remember what {I} said and to “{Do} as {I} say, not as {I} do”}, volume = {29}, copyright = {Copyright © 1996 John Wiley \& Sons, Inc.}, issn = {1098-2302}, shorttitle = {Development of an aspect of executive control}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/%28SICI%291098-2302%28199605%2929%3A4%3C315%3A%3AAID-DEV2%3E3.0.CO%3B2-T}, doi = {10.1002/(sici)1098-2302(199605)29:4<315::aid-dev2>3.0.co;2-t}, abstract = {Luria's tapping test (tap once when E taps twice, tap twice when E taps once) was administered to 160 children (80 males, 80 females) between 31/2 to 7 years old. Older children were faster and more accurate than younger children, with most of the improvement occurring by the age of 6. All children tested demonstrated understanding of the instructions during the pretest, and most started out performing well, but younger subjects could not sustain this. Over the 16 trials, percentage of correct responses decreased, especially among younger subjects. Performance here was compared with performance on the day-night Stroop-like task. The most common error on both tasks was to comply with only one of the two rules. Other errors included tapping many times regardless of what the experimenter did and doing the same thing as the experimenter, rather than the opposite. It is suggested that the tapping task requires both the ability to hold two rules in mind and the ability to inhibit a strong response tendency, that these abilities improve between 3–6 years of age, and that this improvement may reflect important changes within frontal cortex during this period of life. © 1996 John Wiley \& Sons, Inc.}, language = {en}, number = {4}, urldate = {2019-11-04}, journal = {Developmental Psychobiology}, author = {Diamond, Adele and Taylor, Colleen}, year = {1996}, note = {shortDOI: 10/cr3n3j KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2302(199605)29:4{\textless}315::aid-dev2{\textgreater}3.0.co 10/cr3n3j 2-t 2339240:ZDESQDFJ 2405685:7CPF4RSH}, pages = {315--334}, } @misc{educational_bridging_1992, title = {{BRIDGING} {COMMUNICATION} {BARRIERS} {TO} {EFFECTIVE} {TEACHING} {IN} {NIGERIAN} {LANGUAGES}: {THE} {ROLE} {OF} {EDUCATIONAL} {TECHNOLOGY}}, abstract = {null}, author = {Educational, African and Nwosu, Theory Don}, year = {1992}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2405685:ZDCQAM6S 4042040:DKBBJZXM}, } @techreport{effective_public_health_practice_project_quality_1998, address = {Hamilton}, title = {Quality assessment tool for quantitative studies}, url = {https://www.nccmt.ca/knowledge-repositories/search/14}, abstract = {The “Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies” developed by the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) is a tool for doing knowledge synthesis. This instrument, along with a user manual, provides a standardized means to assess study quality and develop recommendations for study findings. The quality appraisal tool was developed by the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) as a discrete step within the systematic review process.}, urldate = {2019-07-18}, institution = {Effective Public Health Practice Project}, author = {Effective Public Health Practice Project}, year = {1998}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:UWHH9IXE 2405685:JLTMGKZR}, keywords = {Reviewed}, } @book{fisher_design_1935, title = {The {Design} of {Experiments}}, publisher = {Oliver and Boyd}, author = {Fisher, Ronald A. D.}, year = {1935}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:SFD5YV9V 2405685:2PWHUF2M}, } @book{fogel_dynamics_1997, title = {Dynamics and indeterminism in developmental and social processes}, publisher = {Psychology Press}, author = {Fogel, Alan and Lyra, Maria CDP and Valsiner, Jaan}, year = {1997}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:ZTYTHEDR 2405685:YMNDLINT}, } @article{frederiksen_systems_1989, title = {A systems approach to educational testing}, volume = {18}, issn = {0013-189X}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X018009027}, doi = {10.3102/0013189X018009027}, abstract = {Our concern in this paper is with the validity of educational tests when they are employed as critical measures of educational outcomes within a dynamic system. The problem of validity arises if an educational system adapts itself to the characteristics of the outcome measures. We introduce the concept of systemically valid tests as ones that induce curricular and instructional changes in education systems (and learning strategy changes in students) that foster the development of the cognitive traits that the tests are designed to measure. We analyze some general characteristics that contribute to or detract from a testing system's systemic validity, such as the use of direct rather than indirect assessment. We then apply these characteristics in developing a set of design principles for creating testing systems that are systemically valid. Finally, we provide an illustration of the proposed principles, by applying them to the design of a student assessment system. This design example addresses not only specifications for the tests, but also the means of teaching the process of assessment to users of the system.}, language = {en}, number = {9}, urldate = {2021-01-06}, journal = {Educational Researcher}, author = {Frederiksen, John R. and Collins, Allan}, month = dec, year = {1989}, note = {Publisher: American Educational Research Association KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.3102/0013189X018009027 2339240:VM7492F4 2405685:V9HLK6VY}, pages = {27--32}, } @book{freire_pedagogy_1970, address = {New York}, title = {Pedagogy of the oppressed}, publisher = {The Continuum International Publishing Group Inc}, author = {Freire, Paulo}, year = {1970}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2129771:5V53DVUR 2405685:H3J3ERSL 2486141:R24UQV52}, } @article{gage_paradigm_1989, title = {The {Paradigm} {Wars} and {Their} {Aftermath} {A} “{Historical}” {Sketch} of {Research} on {Teaching} {Since} 1989}, volume = {18}, issn = {0013-189X, 1935-102X}, url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.3102/0013189X018007004}, doi = {10.3102/0013189X018007004}, abstract = {Raging during the 1980s, the Paradigm Wars resulted in the demise of objectivity-seeking quantitative research on teaching—a victim of putatively devastating attacks from anti-naturalists, interpretivists, and critical theorists. Subsequently, the interpretivists' ethnographic studies flourished, enhancing the cultural appropriateness of schooling, and critical theorists' analyses fostered the struggles for power for the poor, non-Whites, and women. Two alternative versions of the aftermath are also conceivable. Pragmatism and Popper's piecemeal social engineering offer paths toward a productive rapprochement of the paradigms, one guided by the moral obligations of educational research.}, language = {en}, number = {7}, urldate = {2021-06-01}, journal = {Educational Researcher}, author = {Gage, Nl}, month = oct, year = {1989}, note = {zotzenLib.CopiedFrom: 2339240:GX7C7JMN KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.3102/0013189X018007004 2339240:GX7C7JMN 2405685:GWXBEEIU}, pages = {4--10}, } @article{gerstadt_relationship_1994, title = {The relationship between cognition and action: performance of children 312–7 years old on a stroop- like day-night test}, volume = {53}, issn = {0010-0277}, shorttitle = {The relationship between cognition and action}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/001002779490068X}, doi = {10.1016/0010-0277(94)90068-x}, abstract = {One hundred and sixty children 312–7 years of age (10M, 10F at each 6-month interval) were tested on a task that requires inhibitory control of action plus learning and remembering two rules. They were asked to say “day” whenever a black card with the moon and stars appeared and to say “night” when shown a white card with a bright sun. Children {\textless}5 years had great difficulty. They started out performing well, but could not sustain this over the course of the 16-trial session. Response latency decreased from 312 to 412 years. Children {\textless}412 years performed well when they took very long to respond. To test whether the requirement to learn and remember two rules alone was sufficient to cause children difficulty, 80 children 312–5 years old were tested on a control version of the task (“say ‘day’ to one abstract design and ‘night’ to another”). Even the youngest children performed at a high level. We conclude that the requirement to learn and remember two rules is not in itself sufficient to account for the poor performance of the younger children in the experimental condition.}, language = {en}, number = {2}, urldate = {2019-11-04}, journal = {Cognition}, author = {Gerstadt, Cherie L. and Hong, Yoon Joo and Diamond, Adele}, month = nov, year = {1994}, note = {shortDOI: 10/bzvbzx KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1016/0010-0277(94)90068-x 10/bzvbzx 2339240:9ACAP6LY 2405685:QX9S7U85}, pages = {129--153}, } @book{gibson_ecological_1979, address = {Boston, MA., USA}, title = {The ecological approach to visual perception}, publisher = {Houghton Mifflin}, author = {Gibson, J.J.}, year = {1979}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:44W78I63 2405685:BUWGNJ7V}, } @misc{government_of_pakistan_article_1973, title = {Article 160 - {Constitution} 1973}, url = {https://www.finance.gov.pk/nfc_cons.html}, urldate = {2022-06-01}, author = {{Government of Pakistan}}, year = {1973}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:ZLBSDW84 2405685:DMVADFQ3 4656463:3APVGIGQ}, } @techreport{government_of_sierra_leone_constitution_1991, title = {Constitution of {Sierra} {Leone}}, language = {en}, author = {Government of Sierra Leone}, year = {1991}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2405685:Z3EDBKSD}, } @techreport{government_of_zimbabwe_national_1987, title = {National {Education} {Act}}, url = {http://www.unesco.org/education/edurights/media/docs/d0945389cdf8992e8cb5f3a4b05ef3b3aa0e6512.pdf}, urldate = {2020-06-27}, author = {Government of Zimbabwe}, year = {1987}, note = {EdTechHub.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2405685:CHUDGFMH}, } @article{greene_toward_1989, title = {Toward a conceptual framework for mixed-method evaluation designs}, volume = {11}, doi = {10.3102/01623737011003255}, number = {3}, journal = {Educational evaluation and policy analysis}, author = {Greene, Jennifer C. and Caracelli, Valerie J. and Graham, Wendy F.}, year = {1989}, note = {shortDOI: 10/cjqt52 KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.3102/01623737011003255 10/cjqt52 2339240:UVASNUR6 2405685:GUZ6VDXL}, pages = {255--274}, } @article{gupta_when_1997, title = {When {Mother}-tongue {Education} is not {Preferred}}, volume = {18}, issn = {0143-4632}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/01434639708666337}, doi = {10.1080/01434639708666337}, abstract = {In some language situations primary education in the mother tongue may not be desirable. A number of factors may militate against education in the mother tongue: (1) difficulty in determining the mother tongue. This is especially a problem in multilingual settings where children grow up with multiple mother tongues; (2) definition of 'a language'. Mother tongues may be deemed to be the standard variety; and (3) social and ethnic divisiveness of mother tongue education. In multilingual settings the maintenance of social cohesiveness may be of more importance than the benefitof mother-tongue education.Where patterns of language use are linked to social class, mother-tongue education could further diminish access to power structures by underprivileged groups. Ideological issues can be resolved only in the context of the particular social and political situation. There is no general rule that primary education should be in the mother tongue.}, number = {6}, urldate = {2022-04-06}, journal = {Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development}, author = {Gupta, Anthea Fraser}, month = nov, year = {1997}, note = {Publisher: Routledge \_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/01434639708666337 KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1080/01434639708666337 2405685:UFXH7RGS 4042040:5KIPFIPU}, pages = {496--506}, } @article{harvey_impact_1999, title = {The impact of coaching in {South} {African} primary science {InSET}}, volume = {19}, issn = {0738-0593}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0738059399000127}, doi = {10.1016/s0738-0593(99)00012-7}, abstract = {This article presents evidence from an evaluation conducted by the Primary Science Programme (PSP) in South Africa, concerning the impact of classroom-based coaching on the teaching methods used by primary science teachers. The methods used by teachers provided with both workshops and classroom-based coaching were compared with those used by teachers who received workshops only and a control group who received no InSET at all. The findings showed that teachers who received coaching made substantial changes, whereas most teachers who received workshops-only remained similar to the control group. A social constructivist approach is adopted in interpreting these findings. The implications of this study for designing effective InSET in developing countries are also discussed.}, number = {3}, urldate = {2016-03-28}, journal = {International Journal of Educational Development}, author = {Harvey, Stephen}, month = may, year = {1999}, note = {shortDOI: 10/d9w78p KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1016/s0738-0593(99)00012-7 10/d9w78p 2405685:6ZYU3ASB 2405685:BNWITSCB 261495:U6FB9TQD}, keywords = {Constructivism, In-service training, Leader teachers, Primary science, South Africa, Teacher education}, pages = {191--205}, } @incollection{hatano_two_1986, address = {New York}, title = {Two courses of expertise}, booktitle = {Children development and education in {Japan}}, publisher = {Freeman}, author = {Hatano, G and Inagaki, K}, year = {1986}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2405685:SN8XH8X9}, pages = {262--272}, } @article{helwig_reading_1999, title = {Reading as an {Access} to {Mathematics} {Problem} {Solving} on {Multiple}-{Choice} {Tests} for {Sixth}-{Grade} {Students}}, volume = {93}, issn = {0022-0671}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/00220679909597635}, doi = {10.1080/00220679909597635}, abstract = {The effect of providing middle school students with a video accommodation for a standardized mathematics test was examined. Two hundred forty-seven students were asked to solve 60 word problems. One half of the questions were presented in standard form, while the other half were read by an actor on a video monitor. Students were grouped according to mathematics and reading ability. A test accommodation effect was found for students possessing below-average mathematics skills. The problems were identified as having relatively high reading difficulty according to word count, number of verbs, and word familiarity. Students with above-average mathematics proficiency but low reading skill performed better when the questions were presented in video format. This accommodation may be useful on specific test items for students with certain reading deficiencies.}, number = {2}, urldate = {2020-08-05}, journal = {The Journal of Educational Research}, author = {Helwig, Robert and Rozek-tedesco, Marick A. and Tindal, Gerald and Heath, Bill and Almond, Patricia J.}, month = nov, year = {1999}, note = {Publisher: Routledge \_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/00220679909597635 shortDOI: 10/ct5m9h KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1080/00220679909597635 10/ct5m9h 2339240:D2CJZDQI 2405685:PNI3BRV5}, pages = {113--125}, } @article{iansiti_technology_1995, title = {Technology integration: {Managing} technological evolution in a complex environment}, volume = {24}, shorttitle = {Technology integration}, doi = {10.1016/S0048-7333(94)00781-0}, number = {4}, journal = {Research policy}, author = {Iansiti, Marco}, year = {1995}, note = {Publisher: North-Holland KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1016/S0048-7333(94)00781-0 2339240:QFJ7MDRP 2405685:PDF7K229}, pages = {521--542}, } @book{illich_deschooling_1971, title = {Deschooling {Society}}, isbn = {978-0-7145-0879-5}, abstract = {Schools have failed our individual needs, supporting false and misleading notions of 'progress' and development fostered by the belief that ever-increasing production, consumption and profit are proper yardsticks for measuring the quality of human life. Our universities have become recruiting centers for the personnel of the consumer society, certifying citizens for service, while at the same time disposing of those judged unfit for the competitive rat race. In this bold and provocative book, Illich suggest some radical and exciting reforms for the education system.}, language = {en}, publisher = {Marion Boyars}, author = {Illich, Ivan}, year = {1971}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2405685:PM6GNMCT}, keywords = {Social Science / Sociology / General}, } @article{jackson_nature_1982, title = {The nature of soft systems thinking: {The} work of {Churchman}, {Ackoff} and {Checkland}}, volume = {9}, shorttitle = {The nature of soft systems thinking}, number = {1}, journal = {Journal of applied systems analysis}, author = {Jackson, Michael C.}, year = {1982}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:HPW46HX4 2405685:633XP68C}, keywords = {⛔ No DOI found}, pages = {17--29}, } @inproceedings{jones_applying_1993, address = {Berlin, Heidelberg}, series = {{NATO} {ASI} {Series}}, title = {Applying {Systems} {Theory} {Through} the {Lens} of {Learning}: {What} {Does} {Learning} {Research} {Say}?}, isbn = {978-3-642-58035-2}, shorttitle = {Applying {Systems} {Theory} {Through} the {Lens} of {Learning}}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-58035-2_24}, abstract = {Two areas of learning research, research about the learning process and views about the learner, need to be considered to guide educational stakeholders in the task of successfully redesigning schools to promote learning. The most meaningful learning results from an instructional design based on learning research. Research in the application of systems theory in education has profound implications for curriculum, instruction, and assessment in schools.}, language = {en}, booktitle = {Comprehensive {Systems} {Design}: {A} {New} {Educational} {Technology}}, publisher = {Springer}, author = {Jones, Beau Fly and Knuth, Randy A. and Baxendale, Steve}, editor = {Reigeluth, Charles M. and Banathy, Bela H. and Olson, Jeannette R.}, year = {1993}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1007/978-3-642-58035-2\_24 2339240:MMLQC3TU 2405685:2GAEJH8C}, keywords = {Affective education, IQ, cognitive theory, creative thinking, critical thinking, educational research, intelligence, learner, learning processes, learning strategies, learning theories, metacognition, multiple intelligences, schema theories, school restructuring}, pages = {314--333}, } @article{jones_integrating_1983, title = {An {Integrating} {Framework} for {Research} in {Business} and {Society}: {A} {Step} {Toward} the {Elusive} {Paradigm}?}, volume = {8}, issn = {0363-7425}, shorttitle = {An {Integrating} {Framework} for {Research} in {Business} and {Society}}, url = {https://journals.aom.org/doi/abs/10.5465/AMR.1983.4284653}, doi = {10.5465/amr.1983.4284653}, abstract = {According to some authors, the field of business and society has suffered because it apparently lacks a dominant paradigm. This paper (1) concludes that such a paradigm is unlikely to emerge soon and (2) offers an “integrating framework” based on an interpenetrating systems model and focusing on the social control of business. This framework may serve as a unifying mechanism for existing research in the field as well as an agenda for future research.}, number = {4}, urldate = {2021-03-20}, journal = {Academy of Management Review}, author = {Jones, Thomas M.}, month = oct, year = {1983}, note = {Publisher: Academy of Management zotzenLib.CopiedFrom: 2339240:M572D7YN KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.5465/amr.1983.4284653 2339240:M572D7YN 2405685:77EURXJW}, pages = {559--564}, } @article{jones_research_1999, title = {Research framework and dimensions for evaluating the effectiveness of educational technology systems on learning outcomes}, volume = {32}, number = {1}, journal = {Journal of Research on Computing in Education}, author = {Jones, Trevor H. and Rocco, Paolucci}, year = {1999}, note = {Publisher: Taylor \& Francis KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:QYTHH9EF 2405685:7RP3ZLNN}, keywords = {❓ Multiple DOI}, pages = {17--27}, } @article{katz_common_1969, title = {Common characteristics of open systems}, volume = {2}, journal = {Systems thinking}, author = {Katz, Daniel and Kahn, Robert L.}, year = {1969}, note = {Publisher: Penguin Harmondsworth KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:H7S2QECF 2405685:IPB4GM9Y}, keywords = {⛔ No DOI found}, pages = {86--104}, } @article{kaufman_system_1968, title = {A system approach to education: {Derivation} and definition}, volume = {16}, shorttitle = {A system approach to education}, number = {4}, journal = {AV communication review}, author = {Kaufman, Roger A.}, year = {1968}, note = {Publisher: Springer KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:I9GFEUJW 2405685:NG3ZFXQ8}, keywords = {⛔ No DOI found}, pages = {415--425}, } @book{keck_activists_1998, title = {Activists {Beyond} {Borders}: {Advocacy} {Networks} in {International} {Politics}}, volume = {6}, shorttitle = {Margaret {E}. {Keck} and {Kathryn} {Sikkink} — {Activists} {Beyond} {Borders}}, url = {https://www.academia.edu/33156360/Margaret_E_Keck_and_Kathryn_Sikkink_Activists_Beyond_Borders_Advocacy_Networks_in_International_Politics}, abstract = {Margaret E. Keck and Kathryn Sikkink — Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics}, language = {en}, urldate = {2020-09-23}, publisher = {Cornell University Press}, author = {Keck, Margeret E. and Sikkink, Kathryn}, year = {1998}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:LC5B5TL4 2405685:ZNHHI4GV}, } @techreport{kennedy_form_1999, title = {Form and {Substance} in {Mathematics} and {Science} {Professional} {Development}}, url = {https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED435552.pdf}, abstract = {This document reviews studies of professional development for teachers to examine benefits to students in science and mathematics education. A major finding from this review was that programs that focused on teaching classroom management strategies or attaining knowledge of how students learn specific school subject matter provided later benefits to students. The more successful professional development programs were not simply courses in mathematics or science, but instead were about what to teach and how students learn that subject matter.}, language = {en}, institution = {National Institute for Science Education, University of Wisconsin-Madison}, author = {Kennedy, Mary M}, year = {1999}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2405685:SLFWHDLJ}, pages = {10}, } @book{kim_introduction_1999, title = {Introduction to systems thinking}, volume = {16}, publisher = {Pegasus Communications Waltham, MA}, author = {Kim, Daniel H.}, year = {1999}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:J44NEUSY 2405685:NKH3MT9C}, } @article{kimmel_instructional_1996, title = {Instructional {Technology}: {A} {Tool} or a {Panacea}?}, volume = {5}, issn = {1059-0145}, shorttitle = {Instructional {Technology}}, url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/40186380}, doi = {10.1007/BF01575474}, abstract = {It is time to recognize that educational technology cannot be considered a panacea for educational reform. Technology, when properly used, can be a very effective tool for improving and enhancing instruction and learning experiences in the content areas. However, incorporation of electronic tools, such as computers and videodiscs, into classrooms must be accompanied by systemic change in the educational process. Successful utilization of technology depends on how we provide teachers with the necessary environment for training, tools for instruction, and technology evaluation skills. This paper examines some of the misuses of technology and then explores the appropriate use of technology in the context of current educational reform. The focus is on the integration of technology in the educational process that provides a learning environment allowing discovery and creativity through the use of computer visualizations. The teacher is seen as the essential element, requiring a solid foundation in the general applications of technology, and the ability to evaluate and select systems that are effective and efficient for specific applications.}, number = {1}, urldate = {2020-09-14}, journal = {Journal of Science Education and Technology}, author = {Kimmel, Howard and Deek, Fadi}, year = {1996}, note = {Publisher: Springer shortDOI: 10/bnqvn8 KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10/bnqvn8 2405685:PER6Z2KG}, pages = {87--92}, } @techreport{kisanga_discrimination_1997, address = {Dar es Salaam}, type = {Programme and meeting document}, title = {Discrimination in education: the {Tanzania} case}, url = {https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000138516}, urldate = {2023-05-26}, institution = {UNESCO}, author = {Kisanga, Maria E and Katunzi, Naomi}, year = {1997}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2405685:5MWIFM2W}, } @book{klir_trends_1972, address = {New York}, title = {Trends in general systems theory}, isbn = {978-0-471-49190-3}, language = {en}, publisher = {Wiley-Interscience}, author = {Klir, George J.}, year = {1972}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:6IF875JP 2405685:FZIE4WSS}, keywords = {System theory}, } @article{kraft_introduction_1972, title = {Introduction to the systems approach in educational planning and management}, volume = {12}, issn = {0013-1962}, url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/44417782}, number = {2}, urldate = {2021-01-06}, journal = {Educational Technology}, author = {Kraft, Richard H.P. and Latta, Raymond F.}, year = {1972}, note = {Publisher: Educational Technology Publications, Inc. KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:T6LXP9KD 2405685:PAJWEYYU}, keywords = {⛔ No DOI found}, pages = {5--8}, } @article{kunje_supporting_1999, title = {Supporting untrained teachers in {Malawi}}, volume = {19}, issn = {0738-0593}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0738059398000066}, doi = {10.1016/S0738-0593(98)00006-6}, abstract = {In the aftermath of the introduction of free primary education in Malawi, 17 000 untrained teachers were recruited to meet the new demand for schooling. This article reports a study carried out to investigate how the new recruits were coping and how far the schools were able to provide informal on-the-job training. It also describes how action research was introduced to help heads and both qualified and unqualified teachers to improve their own practice. Conclusions are drawn about the feasibility of school-based training in Malawi.}, language = {en}, number = {2}, urldate = {2020-05-16}, journal = {International Journal of Educational Development}, author = {Kunje, Demis and Stuart, Janet}, month = mar, year = {1999}, note = {shortDOI: 10/fqg9cw KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1016/S0738-0593(98)00006-6 10/fqg9cw 2405685:SN9XIZLA}, pages = {157--166}, } @article{laszlo_systems_1998, title = {Systems theories: {Their} origins, foundations, and development}, volume = {126}, shorttitle = {Systems theories}, doi = {10.1016/S0166-4115(98)80017-4}, journal = {ADVANCES IN PSYCHOLOGY-AMSTERDAM-}, author = {Laszlo, Alexander and Krippner, Stanley}, year = {1998}, note = {Publisher: NORTH HOLLAND KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1016/S0166-4115(98)80017-4 2339240:NTB5YLTX 2405685:GBIY8R67}, pages = {47--76}, } @incollection{lave_situating_1991, address = {Washington}, title = {Situating learning in communities of practice.}, isbn = {978-1-55798-121-9}, url = {http://content.apa.org/books/10096-003}, language = {en}, urldate = {2023-05-19}, booktitle = {Perspectives on socially shared cognition.}, publisher = {American Psychological Association}, author = {Lave, Jean}, year = {1991}, doi = {10.1037/10096-003}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1037/10096-003 2405685:A74ETBTL 2405685:IHR49AE5}, pages = {63--82}, } @book{mahbub_ul_haq_human_development_centre_human_1999, address = {Oxford}, series = {Human development in {South} {Asia}}, title = {Human {Development} in {Asia} 1999: {The} {Crisis} of {Governance}}, isbn = {978-0-19-579306-2 978-0-19-579305-5}, url = {https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Human_Development_in_South_Asia_1999.html?id=n9XsAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y}, language = {en}, number = {1999}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, author = {Mahbub ul Haq Human Development Centre}, year = {1999}, note = {OCLC: 248045155 KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:CS9GI3H6 2405685:DI8DBSXJ}, } @article{mansergh_systems_1969, title = {Systems {Approaches} to the {Management} of {Public} {Education}.}, author = {Mansergh, Gerald G.}, year = {1969}, note = {Publisher: ERIC KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:3KB7GQVD 2405685:JCR95LV7}, keywords = {⛔ No DOI found}, } @book{meadows_groping_1982, title = {Groping in the dark: the first decade of global modelling}, shorttitle = {Groping in the dark}, publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons}, author = {Meadows, Donella and Richardson, John and Bruckmann, Gerhart}, year = {1982}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:7F6MXNKN 2405685:GHJES5DR}, } @article{morse_approaches_1991, title = {Approaches to qualitative-quantitative methodological triangulation}, volume = {40}, url = {https://journals.lww.com/nursingresearchonline/Citation/1991/03000/Approaches_to_Qualitative_Quantitative.14.aspx}, doi = {10.1097/00006199-199103000-00014}, number = {2}, journal = {Nursing research}, author = {Morse, Janice M.}, year = {1991}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:T7BSX53W 2405685:M4SL5CDG}, pages = {120--123}, } @book{noblit_meta-ethnography_1988, title = {Meta-{Ethnography}}, url = {https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/meta-ethnography/book2416}, abstract = {Synthesizing Qualitative Studies}, language = {en-us}, urldate = {2019-11-15}, author = {Noblit, George W. and Hare, R. Dwight}, year = {1988}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:NNXHYU5P 2405685:MRPIRBGH}, } @article{ogbu_origins_1981, title = {Origins of {Human} {Competence}: {A} {Cultural}-{Ecological} {Perspective}}, volume = {52}, issn = {0009-3920}, shorttitle = {Origins of {Human} {Competence}}, url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/1129158}, doi = {10.2307/1129158}, abstract = {In this essay it is argued that child rearing in the family and similar micro settings in the early years of life and subsequent adolescent socialization are geared toward the development of instrumental competencies required for adult economic, political, and social roles. These cultural imperatives vary from 1 cultural group to another as do the required competencies. In the United States they are different for the white middle class and for minority groups like urban ghetto blacks. It follows that the conventional research approach which used white middle-class child-rearing practices and children's competencies as standards is not useful in understanding minority groups' child rearing and competencies. Rather, for cross-cultural research, a cultural-ecological model is proposed which is not ethnocentric and studies competence in the context of the cultural imperatives in a given population. Cross-cultural or intergroup comparison is appropriate if based on data from such contextual studies.}, number = {2}, urldate = {2020-12-22}, journal = {Child Development}, author = {Ogbu, John U.}, year = {1981}, note = {Publisher: [Wiley, Society for Research in Child Development] KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.2307/1129158 2339240:5BH2CB6Q 2405685:ZI8SRUAY}, pages = {413--429}, } @article{ogbu_voluntary_1998, title = {Voluntary and involuntary minorities: {A} cultural-ecological theory of school performance with some implications for education}, volume = {29}, shorttitle = {Voluntary and involuntary minorities}, doi = {10.1525/aeq.1998.29.2.155}, number = {2}, journal = {Anthropology \& Education Quarterly}, author = {Ogbu, John U. and Simons, Herbert D.}, year = {1998}, note = {Publisher: Wiley Online Library KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1525/aeq.1998.29.2.155 2339240:I6T62CUH 2339240:QPY6G6B8 2405685:R9MTTME6 2405685:XLTNLZRN}, pages = {155--188}, } @article{olander_understanding_1995, title = {Understanding of consumer behaviour as a prerequisite for environmental protection}, volume = {18}, doi = {10.1007/BF01024160}, number = {4}, journal = {Journal of Consumer Policy}, author = {Ölander, Folke and Thøgersen, John}, month = dec, year = {1995}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1007/BF01024160 2339240:A2LQNT7I 2405685:RLGCUNJQ}, pages = {345--385}, } @book{panhwar_technology_1996, title = {Technology and {Distance} {Education}: {Sharing} {Experience} in {Sindh}, {Pakistan}}, shorttitle = {Technology and {Distance} {Education}}, url = {https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED404061}, abstract = {Female literacy in Pakistan is among the lowest in the world. In 1981, the literacy rate was 16 percent for females, and 7.3 percent for rural women. Distance education can effect many social changes. Females would be the main beneficiaries because it is not socially acceptable for girls to leave home for education; parents do not like coeducational schools; social attitudes do not permit school education for girls on the conviction that any freedom to go out will result in sexual involvement with males; and women with low levels of education are stigmatized and accorded low social status. Both rural and urban conditions can be improved by providing women with integrated programs in hygiene, food, health, and basic and vocational education, as well as professional training in the sciences, trades, and industry. Problems with Pakistan's distance education system include the lack of opportunity for question and answer sessions; no provision to make up missed classes; absence of teachers to advise students on the use of the materials; lack of competition; lack of competent teachers; corruption and poor funding, resulting in nonavailability of materials in libraries; low standards, resulting in receipt of degrees without corresponding learning; lack of facilities for lab work in science and technical training; lack of rights to duplicate costly foreign video materials. (TD)}, language = {en}, urldate = {2020-12-01}, author = {Panhwar, Farzana}, year = {1996}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:QC9T2JX7 2405685:L4RKZE9D}, keywords = {Access to Education, Distance Education, Educational Needs, Elementary Secondary Education, Foreign Countries, Illiteracy, Relevance (Education), Rural Women, Sex Discrimination, Social Attitudes, Vocational Education, Womens Education}, } @book{pichler_computer_1990, title = {Computer {Aided} {Systems} {Theory}-{EUROCAST}'89: {A} {Selection} of {Papers} from the {International} {Workshop} {EUROCAST}'89, {Las} {Palmas}, {Spain}, {February} 26-{March} 4, 1989. {Proceedings}}, volume = {1}, shorttitle = {Computer {Aided} {Systems} {Theory}-{EUROCAST}'89}, publisher = {Springer Science \& Business Media}, author = {Pichler, Franz and Moreno-Diaz, Roberto}, year = {1990}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:QTGS7XDG 2405685:B264GTAT}, } @article{pitman_significance_1937, title = {Significance {Tests} {Which} {May} be {Applied} to {Samples} {From} any {Populations}}, volume = {4}, url = {https://about.jstor.org/terms}, number = {1}, journal = {Journal of the Royal Statistical Society}, author = {Pitman, E.J.G.}, year = {1937}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:I7PA7XI2 2405685:VEK4I2KG}, keywords = {⛔ No DOI found}, } @article{raina_inservice_1998, title = {Inservice {Training} of {Primary} {Teachers} through {Interactive} {Video} {Technology}: {An} {Indian} {Experience}}, volume = {44}, issn = {0020-8566}, shorttitle = {Inservice {Training} of {Primary} {Teachers} through {Interactive} {Video} {Technology}}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1003103813259}, doi = {10.1023/A:1003103813259}, abstract = {Discusses India's Special Orientation Programme for Primary School Teachers (SOPT), a new technology used to train large numbers of teachers so that the losses in transmission inherent in the "cascade model" are avoided. Responses from teachers and trainers show there is considerable potential for the exploitation of this technology. Contains 20 references. (VWC)}, language = {en}, number = {1}, urldate = {2020-05-16}, journal = {International Review of Education}, author = {Raina, V. K. and Maheshwari, A. N.}, year = {1998}, note = {shortDOI: 10/dm4mmz KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1023/A:1003103813259 10/dm4mmz 2405685:6TAN2XRY}, pages = {87--101}, } @article{reynolds_development_1982, title = {Development of reliable and valid short forms of the marlowe-crowne social desirability scale}, volume = {38}, issn = {1097-4679}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/1097-4679%28198201%2938%3A1%3C119%3A%3AAID-JCLP2270380118%3E3.0.CO%3B2-I}, doi = {10.1002/1097-4679(198201)38:1<119::AID-JCLP2270380118>3.0.CO;2-I}, abstract = {Developed, on the basis of responses from 608 undergraduate students to the 33-item Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale, three short forms of 11, 12, and 13 items. The psychometric characteristics of these three forms and three other short forms developed by Strahan and Gerbasi (1972) were investigated and comparisons made. Results, in the form of internal consistency reliability, item factor loadings, short form with Marlowe-Crowne total scale correlations, and correlations between Marlowe-Crowne short forms and the Edwards Social Desirability Scale, indicate that psychometrically sound short forms can be constructed. Comparisons made between the short forms examined in this investigation suggest the 13-item form as a viable substitute for the regular 33-item Marlowe-Crowne scale.}, language = {en}, number = {1}, urldate = {2022-01-16}, journal = {Journal of Clinical Psychology}, author = {Reynolds, William M.}, year = {1982}, note = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/1097-4679\%28198201\%2938\%3A1\%3C119\%3A\%3AAID-JCLP2270380118\%3E3.0.CO\%3B2-I KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1002/1097-4679(198201)38:1{\textless}119::AID-JCLP2270380118{\textgreater}3.0.CO;2-I 2339240:ZAU33S5T 2405685:LE2UP3YX}, pages = {119--125}, } @article{rosenberg_rosenberg_1965, title = {Rosenberg self-esteem scale ({RSE})}, journal = {Acceptance and Commitment Therapy}, author = {Rosenberg, M.}, year = {1965}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:LP9JRT7V 2405685:4XA2UZKI}, keywords = {⛔ No DOI found}, pages = {61}, } @book{rosenberg_society_1965, address = {Princeton}, title = {Society and the adolescent self-image}, publisher = {Princeton University Press}, author = {Rosenberg, Morris}, year = {1965}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:AWJWUY7V 2405685:JNM6QI3D}, keywords = {⛔ No DOI found}, } @book{ross_needs-based_1999, address = {Paris}, title = {Needs-based resource allocation in education: via formula funding of schools}, isbn = {978-92-803-1171-6 978-92-803-1183-9}, shorttitle = {Needs-based resource allocation in education}, url = {https://www.iiep.unesco.org/en/publication/needs-based-resource-allocation-education-formula-funding-schools}, publisher = {UNESCO, International Institute for Educational Planning}, editor = {Ross, Kenneth N. and Levačić, Rosalind and International Institute for Educational Planning}, year = {1999}, note = {OCLC: ocm43145306 KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2405685:Q8SBVQ96}, keywords = {Allocation Education, Education, Education and state, Finance}, } @article{rossman_numbers_1985, title = {Numbers and words: {Combining} quantitative and qualitative methods in a single large-scale evaluation study}, volume = {9}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0193841X8500900505}, number = {5}, journal = {Evaluation Review}, author = {Rossman, Gretchen B. and Wilson, Bruce L.}, year = {1985}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:WRNKVQ5D 2405685:FVALU54N}, keywords = {⚠️ Invalid DOI}, pages = {627--643}, } @book{salisbury_five_1996, title = {Five technologies for educational change: {Systems} thinking, systems design, quality science, change management, instructional technology}, shorttitle = {Five technologies for educational change}, publisher = {Educational Technology}, author = {Salisbury, David F.}, year = {1996}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:387PCHCM 2405685:2RH4WBJA}, } @article{sandholtz_teacher_1996, title = {Teacher change in technology-rich classrooms}, journal = {Education and technology: Reflections on computing in classrooms}, author = {Sandholtz, Judith H. and Ringstaff, Cathy}, year = {1996}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:UUCVYPRC 2405685:W2HGU86D}, keywords = {⛔ No DOI found}, pages = {281--299}, } @inproceedings{scaife_designing_1997, address = {New York, NY, USA}, series = {{CHI} '97}, title = {Designing for or designing with? {Informant} design for interactive learning environments}, isbn = {978-0-89791-802-2}, shorttitle = {Designing for or designing with?}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/258549.258789}, doi = {10.1145/258549.258789}, urldate = {2021-10-07}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGCHI} {Conference} on {Human} factors in computing systems}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, author = {Scaife, Michael and Rogers, Yvonne and Aldrich, Frances and Davies, Matt}, month = mar, year = {1997}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1145/258549.258789 2339240:KMPP97J2 2405685:ZN5QASEE}, keywords = {children, design, hi-tech, informant, interactive learning environments, low-tech, prototypes}, pages = {343--350}, } @article{schacter_impact_1999, title = {The impact of education technology on student achievement: {What} the most current research has to say.}, shorttitle = {The impact of education technology on student achievement}, author = {Schacter, John}, year = {1999}, note = {Publisher: ERIC KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:5CLIP4I7 2405685:69SZHYFL}, keywords = {⛔ No DOI found}, } @techreport{schick_contemporary_1998, type = {Text/{HTML}}, title = {A contemporary approach to public expenditure management}, url = {https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/739061468323718599/A-contemporary-approach-to-public-expenditure-management}, abstract = {A contemporary approach to public expenditure management (English)}, language = {en}, urldate = {2022-10-04}, author = {Schick, Allen}, year = {1998}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:6WXDRFZ8 2339240:G3SNM9E2 2405685:4AFY4P6H 2405685:LX3MVW4J 4656463:7FXJ685Z 4656463:C8TECXPM}, } @book{schon_reflective_1991, address = {Aldershot}, title = {The {Reflective} {Practitioner}: {How} {Professionals} {Think}.}, publisher = {Arena}, author = {Schön, D. A.}, year = {1991}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:85QTWE9Y 2405685:BA97DD83}, } @techreport{sedcr_standards_1991, title = {Standards for {Education} {Data} {Collection} and {Reporting}}, language = {en}, author = {SEDCR}, year = {1991}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:8V47QDLA 2405685:RLFU387P}, pages = {145}, } @article{senge_systems_1996, title = {Systems thinking}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, journal = {Executive Excellence}, author = {Senge, Peter}, year = {1996}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:B8JMEQTK 2405685:3PHY4TE9}, keywords = {⛔ No DOI found}, pages = {15--16}, } @book{shabab_documentation_1995, address = {Islamabad}, title = {Documentation of educational research in {Pakistan}, 1947-1995: an annotated bibliography}, isbn = {978-969-444-104-7}, url = {https://www.worldcat.org/title/documentation-of-educational-research-in-pakistan-1947-1995-an-annotated-bibliography/oclc/37129977}, language = {English}, publisher = {Academy of Educational Planning and Management}, author = {Shabab, M. H}, year = {1995}, note = {OCLC: 37129977 KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:ZYDFD433 2405685:T7X4GFE4}, } @article{sherry_integrated_1998, title = {An integrated technology adoption and diffusion model}, volume = {4}, number = {2}, journal = {International Journal of Educational Telecommunications}, author = {Sherry, Lorraine}, year = {1998}, note = {Publisher: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE) KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:EH36DDQU 2405685:GRNQQPBD}, keywords = {⛔ No DOI found}, pages = {113--145}, } @article{shulman_those_1986, title = {Those {Who} {Understand}: {Knowledge} {Growth} in {Teaching}}, url = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.3102/0013189X015002004}, doi = {10.3102/0013189x015002004}, urldate = {2022-08-23}, author = {Shulman, Lee S}, year = {1986}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.3102/0013189X015002004 10.3102/0013189x015002004 2339240:GM4I5TY8 2405685:F4USAIXP}, } @book{silcox_how_1995, title = {A how to guide to reflection: {Adding} cognitive learning to community service programs}, publisher = {Brighton Press}, author = {Silcox, H. C.}, year = {1995}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:WSZNRLW2 2405685:XGUSBIU9}, } @misc{smith_what_1996, title = {What is curriculum? {Exploring} theory and practice}, shorttitle = {What is curriculum?}, url = {http://infed.org/mobi/curriculum-theory-and-practice/}, language = {en-GB}, urldate = {2020-02-03}, journal = {the encyclopaedia of informal education}, author = {Smith, Mark K}, year = {1996}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2129771:2VU39NM3 2405685:UCN96KTK 2486141:CZEGWL5F}, } @article{snowden_new_1999, title = {The new dynamics of strategy}, url = {https://www.academia.edu/522195/The_new_dynamics_of_strategy}, abstract = {The new dynamics of strategy}, language = {en}, urldate = {2021-01-07}, journal = {IBM Systems Journal}, author = {Snowden, David}, year = {1999}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:ZQCSWIWT 2405685:W2LI2AG6}, keywords = {⛔ No DOI found}, } @misc{spain_ministerio_de_educacion_y_ciencia_salamanca_1994, title = {The {Salamanca} {Statement} and {Framework} for {Action} on {Special} {Needs} {Education}}, url = {https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000098427}, urldate = {2020-03-28}, author = {Spain. Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia}, year = {1994}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:W3UI2IIX 2405685:YFBR7ZT8}, } @article{stowe_research_1973, title = {Research and the {Systems} {Approach} as {Methodologies} for {Education}}, volume = {21}, issn = {0001-2890}, url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/30218523}, number = {2}, urldate = {2021-04-12}, journal = {AV Communication Review}, author = {Stowe, Richard A.}, year = {1973}, note = {Publisher: Springer zotzenLib.CopiedFrom: 2339240:LB93R362 KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:LB93R362 2405685:89K6XPEA}, keywords = {⛔ No DOI found}, pages = {165--175}, } @incollection{strauss_grounded_1995, title = {Grounded theory methodology: {An} overview}, booktitle = {Handbook of qualitative research}, publisher = {Sage}, author = {Strauss, A. and Corbin, J.}, editor = {Denzin, N.K. and Lincoln, Y.S.}, year = {1995}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2405685:S43TR2M6}, keywords = {\_\_\_working\_potential\_duplicate, auto\_merged}, } @article{sugeno_fuzzy_1992, title = {Fuzzy systems theory and its applications}, journal = {Tokyo Institute of Technology}, author = {Sugeno, Michio and Asai, K. and Terano, T.}, year = {1992}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:SJSMTR7B 2405685:A6YM4UGX}, keywords = {⛔ No DOI found}, } @article{swanson_interactive_1997, series = {Scientific {Discovery}}, title = {An interactive system for finding complementary literatures: a stimulus to scientific discovery}, volume = {91}, issn = {0004-3702}, shorttitle = {An interactive system for finding complementary literatures}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0004370297000088}, doi = {10.1016/S0004-3702(97)00008-8}, abstract = {An unintended consequence of specialization in science is poor communication across specialties. Information developed in one area of research may be of value in another without anyone becoming aware of the fact. We describe and evaluate interactive software and database search strategies that facilitate the discovery of previously unknown cross specialty information of scientific interest. The user begins by searching MEDLINE for article titles that identify a problem or topic of interest. From downloaded titles the software constructs input for additional database searches and produces a series of heuristic aids that help the user select a second set of articles complementary to the first set and from a different area of research. The two sets are complementary if together they can reveal new useful information that cannot be inferred from either set alone. The software output further helps the user identify the new information and derive from it a novel testable hypothesis. We report several successful tests and applications of the system.}, language = {en}, number = {2}, journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, author = {Swanson, DR and Smalheiser, NR}, month = apr, year = {1997}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1016/S0004-3702(97)00008-8 2405685:LL56VJY4 2486141:DI9NQLCF 2486141:Q4YETKAP}, keywords = {\_Added-ailr-2024}, pages = {183--203}, } @book{tashakkori_mixed_1998, title = {Mixed {Methodology}: {Combining} {Qualitative} and {Quantitative} {Approaches}}, isbn = {978-0-7619-0071-9}, shorttitle = {Mixed {Methodology}}, abstract = {Looking for a practical guide to using mixed methodologies? This book explores the most effective way to combine qualitative and quantitative techniques. It begins with a discussion of the paradigm wars between positivism and constructivism, explains the difference between using mixed methods in just the research methodology portion of a study versus using mixed model studies across all phases of the process, and then presents a typology of mixed methods and mixed model studies.}, language = {en}, publisher = {SAGE}, author = {Tashakkori, Abbas and Teddlie, Charles}, month = jun, year = {1998}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:BFMDLX6V 2405685:8DCXRQBX}, keywords = {Social Science / Research}, } @article{ulrich_systems_1988, title = {Systems thinking, systems practice, and practical philosophy: {A} program of research}, volume = {1}, shorttitle = {Systems thinking, systems practice, and practical philosophy}, doi = {10.1007/BF01059855}, number = {2}, journal = {Systems Practice}, author = {Ulrich, Werner}, year = {1988}, note = {Publisher: Springer KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1007/BF01059855 2339240:Q3GFXAP9 2405685:9ZUU9P7X}, pages = {137--163}, } @article{unesco_materiales_1985, title = {Materiales de formación en los campos de la planificación y de la administración de la educación y de las construcciones escolares}, url = {https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000378074}, urldate = {2022-11-18}, journal = {UNESCO Digital Library}, author = {{UNESCO}}, year = {1985}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2405685:S5H86KHG 4042040:83D3CEF3}, } @misc{unesco_national_1978, title = {The {National} {Education} {Act}, 1978}, url = {http://www.unesco.org/education/edurights/media/docs/873ae01bc28cf449895950c7cac2a419d3ede5fd.pdf}, author = {UNESCO}, year = {1978}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:NPP485LF 2405685:ARFKBHL2}, } @misc{united_republic_of_tanzania_national_1995, title = {National {Education} {Act} 1997 (amendment)}, url = {http://www.unesco.org/education/edurights/media/docs/29595900c1028686edf504060e6a17df3eaeea8d.pdf}, urldate = {2021-01-18}, author = {{United Republic of Tanzania}}, month = sep, year = {1995}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:XAA5X274 2405685:4FJUDM29}, } @article{von_bertalanffy_history_1972, title = {The {History} and {Status} of {General} {Systems} {Theory}.}, volume = {15}, issn = {0001-4273, 1948-0989}, url = {http://amj.aom.org/cgi/doi/10.2307/255139}, doi = {10.2307/255139}, language = {en}, number = {4}, urldate = {2021-01-05}, journal = {Academy of Management Journal}, author = {Von Bertalanffy, L.}, month = dec, year = {1972}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.2307/255139 2339240:HPE6IEJ5 2405685:6R267VM7}, pages = {407--426}, } @article{von_bertalanffy_outline_1950, title = {An {Outline} of {General} {System} {Theory}}, volume = {1}, issn = {0007-0882}, url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/685808}, doi = {10.1093/bjps/I.2.134}, abstract = {A survey of the history of science shows that very similar conceptions have been developed independently in various branches of science. At present, for example, holistic interpretations are prevalent in all fields whereas in the past atomistic explanations were common. Such considerations lead to the postulation of General System Theory which is a logico-mathematical discipline applicable to all sciences concerned with systems. The fact that certain principles have general applicability to systems explains the occurrence of isomorphic laws in different scientific fields. Just as Aristotelian logic was a fundamental organon for the classificatory sciences of antiquity, so may General System Theory define the general principles of dynamic interaction which appears as the central problem of modern science. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)}, number = {2}, urldate = {2021-01-07}, journal = {The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science}, author = {von Bertalanffy, Ludwig}, year = {1950}, note = {Publisher: [Oxford University Press, The British Society for the Philosophy of Science] KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1093/bjps/I.2.134 2339240:9EG3N78R 2339240:FAZFVCIV 2405685:G62VSR9H 2405685:MIFWVCLM}, pages = {134--165}, } @book{wasserman_social_1994, title = {Social {Network} {Analysis}}, url = {https://books.google.com/books/about/Social_Network_Analysis.html?id=CAm2DpIqRUIC}, abstract = {Social network analysis is used widely in the social and behavioral sciences, as well as in economics, marketing, and industrial engineering. The social network perspective focuses on relationships among social entities and is an important addition to standard social and behavioral research, which is primarily concerned with attributes of the social units. Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications reviews and discusses methods for the analysis of social networks with a focus on applications of these methods to many substantive examples. It is a reference book that can be used by those who want a comprehensive review of network methods, or by researchers who have gathered network data and want to find the most appropriate method by which to analyze it. It is also intended for use as a textbook as it is the first book to provide comprehensive coverage of the methodology and applications of the field.}, urldate = {2019-12-10}, author = {Wasserman, S. and Faust, K.}, year = {1994}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:ULBJAJ26 2405685:E2GTJVVQ}, } @article{weiss_nothing_1995, title = {Nothing as practical as good theory: {Exploring} theory-based evaluation for comprehensive community initiatives for children and families}, volume = {1}, shorttitle = {Nothing as practical as good theory}, journal = {New approaches to evaluating community initiatives: Concepts, methods, and contexts}, author = {Weiss, Carol H.}, year = {1995}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2281034:9ZUKSI77 2281034:AK78J4ZN 2405685:D42QVGLA 2447227:HKHMM7ZL}, keywords = {⛔ No DOI found}, pages = {65--92}, } @article{weiss_application_1984, title = {Application of {Computerized} {Adaptive} {Testing} to {Educational} {Problems}}, volume = {21}, issn = {1745-3984}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1745-3984.1984.tb01040.x}, doi = {10.1111/j.1745-3984.1984.tb01040.x}, abstract = {Three applications of computerized adaptive testing (CAT) to help solve problems encountered in educational settings are described and discussed. Each of these applications makes use of item response theory to select test questions from an item pool to estimate a student's achievement level and its precision. These estimates may then be used in conjunction with certain testing strategies to facilitate certain educational decisions. The three applications considered are (a) adaptive mastery testing for determining whether or not a student has mastered a particular content area, (b) adaptive grading for assigning grades to students, and (c) adaptive self-referenced testing for estimating change in a student's achievement level. Differences between currently used classroom procedures and these CAT procedures are discussed. For the adaptive mastery testing procedure, evidence from a series of studies comparing conventional and adaptive testing procedures is presented showing that the adaptive procedure results in more accurate mastery classifications than do conventional mastery tests, while using fewer test questions.}, language = {en}, number = {4}, urldate = {2022-06-17}, journal = {Journal of Educational Measurement}, author = {Weiss, David J. and Kingsbury, G. Gage}, year = {1984}, note = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1745-3984.1984.tb01040.x KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1111/j.1745-3984.1984.tb01040.x 2339240:YAKZAHN8 2405685:Y9HVC7FC}, pages = {361--375}, } @book{westfall_resampling-based_1993, title = {Resampling-based multiple testing: {Examples} and {Methods} for p-{Value} {Adjustment}}, volume = {279}, publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons}, author = {Westfall, Peter H and Young, S. Stanley}, year = {1993}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2339240:FCVEKYAC 2405685:W3WEAJWQ}, }