In order to deliver public services, governments must allocate scarce human and financial resources across their territories, yet there is little systematic evidence on the productivity of these inputs or allocative efficiency with which governments allocate them. We study this by leveraging a unique panel dataset of service delivery, health outcomes, and human and financial inputs in the universe of over 5,000 public health facilities in Ghana. Our research design allows us to estimate the marginal returns to health personnel and inputs, while controlling for unobserved heterogeneity across facilities. We document the roles and current distribution of the different types of health workers and facilities within the health system, and investigate the relationship between patient volume and the number of health workers in a facility. We discuss implications for optimal staffing allocations and further research.

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