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This chapter provides an overview of past and current language education policies in Vietnam. Our reviews and critical discussions centre on state rules and regulations regarding the teaching and learning of Vietnamese, ethnic minority languages, and foreign languages. Historically speaking, language education policy in Vietnam has been largely contingent on the country’s changing political, social, and economic circumstances. Notably, current language education policy reflects the predominant status of Vietnamese as the medium of instruction across school levels. Ethnic minority language education has also received substantial policy attention, although its enactment leaves considerable room for improvement. Foreign language education policy prioritises English given its status as an international language, while also encouraging the teaching and learning of other languages. The chapter concludes with predictions and implications for future development with regard to the role and status of these relevant languages.