@techreport{angrist_how_2020, address = {Washington, DC}, type = {Working {Paper}}, title = {How to {Improve} {Education} {Outcomes} {Most} {Efficiently}? {A} {Comparison} of 150 {Interventions} {Using} the {New} {Learning}-{Adjusted} {Years} of {Schooling} {Metric}}, copyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo}, shorttitle = {How to {Improve} {Education} {Outcomes} {Most} {Efficiently}?}, url = {http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/1813-9450-9450}, abstract = {Many low- and middle-income countries lag far behind high-income countries in educational access and student learning. Limited resources mean that policymakers must make tough choices about which investments to make to improve education. Although hundreds of education interventions have been rigorously evaluated, making comparisons between the results is challenging. Some studies report changes in years of schooling; others report changes in learning. Standard deviations, the metric typically used to report learning gains, measure gains relative to a local distribution of test scores. This metric makes it hard to judge if the gain is worth the cost in absolute terms. This paper proposes using learning-adjusted years of schooling (LAYS)—which combines access and quality and compares gains to an absolute, cross-country standard—as a new metric for reporting gains from education interventions. The paper applies LAYS to compare the effectiveness (and cost-effectiveness, where cost is available) of interventions from 150 impact evaluations across 46 countries. The results show that some of the most cost-effective programs deliver the equivalent of three additional years of high-quality schooling (that is, schooling at quality comparable to the highest-performing education systems) for just \$100 per child—compared with zero years for other classes of interventions.}, language = {en}, number = {9450}, institution = {The World Bank}, author = {Angrist, Noam and Evans, David K. and Filmer, Deon and Glennerster, Rachel and Rogers, F. Halsey and Sabarwal, Shwetlena}, year = {2020}, note = {KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1596/1813-9450-9450 2129771:TUR7B4UV 2339240:3LCE9HV8 2339240:438DD95Z 2339240:98FSI5XH 2339240:PRN4F3XJ 2339240:S527VEKP 2339240:SNZZPXZE 2339240:TSZ5USU5 2405685:2W6J6E78 2405685:52GAJX48 2405685:59W7LV77 2405685:67PNDWSU 2405685:E7BQQ8AY 2405685:PJMJJZIG 2405685:W96R4GKX 2405685:X53U5NLR 2405685:XF4XK3C6 2534378:RYREI3A2 2534379:2C73YQ47}, keywords = {Cost-Benefit Analysis, Education Outcomes, Government Policy, Impact Evaluation, Learning Loss, Learning-Adjusted Years of Schooling, Public Expenditure, Years of Schooling, \_\_\_working\_potential\_duplicate, ⛔ No DOI found}, pages = {48}, }