Promoting education for sustainable development by using ICT enhanced problem based learning in a developing country - Roy, A.; Kihoza, P.; Suhonen, J.; Vesisenaho, M. (2012 IEEE Fourth International Conference on Technology for Education, 2012)
One of the goals of education is to create responsible citizens who can understand and respond to problems in their societies adequately. Such acts of responsibility may need knowledge, ability to think critically about the problem and some action towards a possible solution. Previous research shows that forest fires in Tanzania are serious social problem. Adequate education about this problem does not take place because of lack of number of teachers required and lack of qualification among the teachers. This study used ICT media to connect the expertise of local environmental officers to school students who creatively conducted projects-based-learning activities to solve local environmental conservation problems. These projects when followed by student presentations encourage and ensure that students learn about the problem well. Amix-method research approach shows that the use of video for learning and providing environmental education was ranked as being very effective by participants.
Keywords: Communities; Educational institutions; Fires; ICT enhanced problem based learning; ICT media; ICT supported pedagogical model; ICT4D; ICT4E; Project Based Learning; Reflection; Sociology; Vegetation; computer aided instruction; developing country; environmental education; environmental science computing; information technology; interactive video; learning videos; local environmental conservation problems; local environmental officers; problem solving; problems in developing world; projects-based-learning activity; responsible citizens; school students; social awareness; social issues; student presentations; sustainable development; technical presentation

Mapping the Mixed Methods-Mixed Research Synthesis Terrain - Sandelowski, Margarete; Voils, Corrine I.; Leeman, Jennifer; Crandell, Jamie L. (Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 2012)
Mixed methods-mixed research synthesis is a form of systematic review in which the findings of qualitative and quantitative studies are integrated via qualitative and/or quantitative methods. Although methodological advances have been made, efforts to differentiate research synthesis methods have been too focused on methods and not focused enough on the defining logics of research synthesis-each of which may be operationalized in different ways-or on the research findings themselves that are targeted for synthesis. The conduct of mixed methods-mixed research synthesis studies may more usefully be understood in terms of the logics of aggregation and configuration. Neither logic is preferable to the other nor tied exclusively to any one method or to any one side of the qualitative/quantitative binary. © The Author(s) 2012.
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate; aggregation; configuration; mixed research synthesis; systematic review

Remedial Education Programs to Accelerate Learning for All - Schwartz, Analice C. (World Bank, 2012)

Check my school: A case study on citizen's monitoring of the education sector in the Philippines - Shkabatur, Jennifer (World Bank Group, 2012)

Teacher professional development using mobile technologies in a large-scale project: lessons learned from Bangladesh - Shrestha, Prithvi (International Journal of Computer-Assisted Language Learning and Teaching (IJCALLT), 2012)

Migration transitions revisited: Their continued relevance for the development of migration theory - Skeldon, R. (Population, Space and Place, 2012)

ICT4D, gender divides, and development: The case of Ghana - Steeves, H. Leslie; Kwami, Janet D. (Development Communication in Directed Social Change: A Reappraisal of Theories and Approaches. Singapore: Asian Media Information and Communication Centre (AMIC), 2012)
Keywords: Equity of Access; ⛔ No DOI found

A Professional Development Program for the Mother Tongue-Based Teacher: Addressing Teacher Perceptions and Attitudes Towards MTBMLE - Stone, Rebecca J Paulson (University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2012)

An intervention study of instructional methods and student engagement in large classes in Thailand - Tolley, Leigh; Johnson, Laurene; Koszalka, Tiffany (International Journal of Educational Research, 2012)

Mapping Open Educational Resources Around The World - Trucano, Michael (2012)
In the decade since the term 'open education resources' was formally identified and adopted by UNESCO, related "teaching, learning or research materials that are in the public domain or released with an intellectual property license that allows for free use, adaptation, and distribution" have been slowly but surely creeping into ...

10 tendances des technologies appliquées à l’éducation dans les pays en développement - Trucano, Michael; Hawkins, Robert; Jimenez, Carla (World Bank Blogs, 2012)

Language of Instruction: Unlocking Effectiveness of Education and Sustainable Development in Sub-Saharan Africa - Truong, Natasha (2012)
The choice of the language of instruction in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is a fundamental educational issue with ramiﬁcations for educational access and effectiveness and ultimately national development. Indigenous SSA languages have suffered devaluation in colonial and post-colonial SSA education, and this devaluation alienates the majority of SSA people, thus preventing them from participating in their own economic and political growth. Developmental policies that neglect to utilize local people’s talents and knowledge are failed policies. The language of instruction, speciﬁcally the use of the ﬁrst or native language (L1) as the medium of instruction, is the key to unlocking these talents and knowledge because doing so will foster knowledge acquisition and preservation of SSA cultures and identities. This will in turn liberate SSA from neocolonialism and pave the way to true progress.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

The teacher salary system in Sierra Leone - Turrent, Victoria (2012)
Keywords: C:Sierra Leone; _C:Sierra Leone SLE; ⛔ No DOI found

Dar es Salaam Primary Schools: Do parents act to improve child learning? - Twaweza (Twaweza Brief No. 5, 2012)

A gender digital divide? Women learning English through ICTs in Bangladesh - Tyers, A (2012)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Youth and skills: Putting education to work - UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation, 2012)

Youth and skills: putting education to work, EFA global monitoring report, 2012 - UNESCO (2012)

Nigeria Fact Sheet - United States Embassy in Nigeria (2012)

Transforming education for girls in Tanzania and Nigeria: Cross country analysis of endline research studies - Unterhalter, Elaine; Heslop, Jo (ActionAid, 2012)
This cross country summary of the findings from the endline study conducted for the TEGINT project highlights a number of issues of particular pertinence to the community of policy makers, practitioners, and researchers concerned with gender equality, rights and girls’ education. Firstly, the considerable expansion of education provision at primary and junior secondary levels enhances girls’ enrolment, attendance, progression, attainment and empowerment. However, there are regional and locational differences, and the effects of the emergence of private schools on gender equality and girls’ empowerment merits careful scrutiny. It is a matter of concern, that despite the introduction of free primary education, schools continue to charge levies and that the costs of improving education are being passed down to the poorest. Secondly, there are clear indications that girls’ clubs give an important space for girls to learn about their rights and confidence to articulate solutions to their problems. This is the case both when girls in clubs come from higher performing girls in terms of class position and more marginalised girls. Thus girls clubs, widely used in many projects throughout Africa, but not till now well evaluated, appear an important strategy to continue to support. Thirdly, rurality appears as a particular condition of marginalisation, associated with higher levels of gender inequality. This is evident from the lower levels of girls’ empowerment in rural schools, and differences in articulating solutions. Thus particularly engaged interventions are needed with girls in remote areas to support empowerment. Fourthly, while improving teacher qualifications and engagement with gender equality is a necessary condition for enhancing education rights for all children, this is not a standalone intervention, and needs to be supported by other initiatives, possibly associated with teachers’ pay, work conditions and status. Fifthly, an intervention like TEGINT, appears particularly useful in helping to break the silence around gender based violence, however, such an intervention cannot be seen in isolation from work on other aspects of gender inequalities, poverty, and limited social provision. In a country like Tanzania, where there is more legislation and political action around gender equality than in Nigeria, girls, even the poorest, appear more knowledgeable about rights. Gender equality and girls’ education cannot thus be separated from other initiatives on rights, social development and addressing injustice.

Comparative pedagogies and epistemological diversity: social and materials contexts of teaching in Tanzania - Vavrus, Frances; Bartlett, Lesley (Comparative Education Review, 2012)
This article examines how epistemological differences regarding knowledge production and material differences in the conditions of teaching influence teachers’ and teacher educators’ understandings of learner-centered pedagogy. Emerging from a 5-year collaboration between teams of US and Tanzanian teacher educators, the research focuses on six Tanzanian secondary schools whose teachers participated in a workshop on learner-centered pedagogy and pedagogical content knowledge. We find that teachers’ views of knowledge production are profoundly shaped by the cultural, economic, and social contexts in which they teach. We conclude not only that teachers’ working conditions are important contextual factors in comparative studies of schooling but that the conditions themselves need to be conceptualized more fully in theories of knowledge production and global/local reforms of teacher education.

Per diem policy analysis toolkit - Vian, T; Sabin, L (2012)

Review of the use of ‘Theory of Change’ in international development - Vogel, Isabel (2012)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Low Cost Mobile Phones for Large Scale Teacher - Walsh, Christopher S; Shaheen, Robina; Power, Tom; Hedges, Claire; Kahtoon, Masuda; Mondol, Sikander (2012)
Education has the power to transform societies and contribute to social and economic development. In this paper we present the mobile technologies used for teacher professional development (TPD) and communicative language teaching in English in Action (EIA). The project aims to assist 25 million people access greater social and economic opportunities through English language teaching and TPD. EIA, in partnership with the Government of Bangladesh, will work with 80,000 teachers through a work-based programme of TPD using audio and visual resources on low cost mobile phones. With access to over 700 audio files aligned with the national textbook English for Today and professional development films that explain and then illustrate successful student-centred English teaching and learning, the project has already documented significant improvement in teachers’ and pupils’ English language competency. This paper provides an account of, and rationale for, the changes in the technologies used across two phases of the project, from the iPod Nano and Touch used in the pilot study with 690 teachers (2009-2010) to the low cost Nokia C1-01 mobile phone with a micro secure digital (SD) being used in upscaling to 12,500 teachers (2012-2014). We argue the low cost alphanumeric mobile phone with micro SD cards provides unprecedented opportunities to both deliver TPD and improve teachers’ and students’ communicative English language skills. The paper considers the unique suitability mobile phones present for resource constrained education systems in developing countries. Simultaneously we highlight the need for further application and research into the use of mobile technologies, not only for large-scale TPD projects, but for a diversity of international development projects and programmes which aim to achieve sustainable change at scale.

What professional development makes the most difference to teachers? - Walter, Catherine; Briggs, Jessica (University of Oxford Department of Education, 2012)

iPadiCan: Trialling iPads to support primary and secondary students with disabilities - Watts, Liz; Brennan, Sharon; Phelps, Renata (Australian Educational Computing, 2012)
iPads have only been on the market since April 2010 but have rapidly gained great attention within educational communities. While their potential to support teaching and learning has been advocated by many, as yet little empirical research has been released on their application in primary and secondary classrooms. This paper reports on an action research study which investigated the possible role of iPads in supporting learning for students with disabilities. The project sought to document the practical steps required to implement iPads in classrooms, the applications which might be most educationally effective, together with the perceptions of students, teachers, parents and teaching assistants (TAs). The study provides evidence of the significant potential of the devices for children with a wide range of disabilities and, through a number of brief vignettes, demonstrates their capacity to support both learning and socialisation.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

An animated dictionary for hearing-impaired students in Thailand - Wicha, Santichai; Sharp, Bernadette; Sureephong, Pradorn; Chakpitak, Nopasit; Atkins, Anthony (Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 2012)
As English increasingly becomes the international language, many ministerial and educational organisations have identified the need to improve the competence of Thai students in speaking English. While there is significant research devoted to developing software tools to support the teaching of English as a second language, they are mostly concerned with adult learners. This project focuses on addressing the need to improve the teaching of English as a second language to primary school children with hearing impairments. This paper presents the development of an educational software tool referred to as the Total Communication with Animation Dictionary (TCAD), which supports learners in the acquisition and retention of new English lexical knowledge and is based on the theoretical approaches of Total Communication and situated learning. A series of experiments was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of the TCAD in improving vocabulary acquisition and retention. Early results are promising with increased learner engagement and performance compared with traditional approaches.
Keywords: Hearing-impaired students; language acquisition; total communication with 3D animation

A new face of education: Bringing technology into the classroom in the developing world - Winthrop, R.; Smith, M.S. (Brookings, 2012)

Automated teller machines (ATMs) (per 100,000 adults) - Sierra Leone - World Bank (2012)

Gender Equality and Development - World Bank (World Bank Group, 2012)

Challenges and strategies of working with learners with low vision: Implications for teacher training - Yalo, J. A.; Indoshi, F. C.; Agak, J. O. (Educational Research and Reviews, 2012)
Learners with low vision can be trained to increase their visual functioning through a planned programme of visual experiences. Such a low vision training programme was introduced in Kenya in 1994. However, despite its implementation over the last 15 years, challenges still persist among teachers who work with such learners. The purpose of this study was to document challenges that learners with low vision have on teachers’ performance when teaching learners with low vision in special primary schools for the visually impaired in Kenya. The study was carried out in 6 schools for the visually impaired respondents in the study including 78 teachers survey through questionnaire and observation. The study established challenges faced by teachers as lack of appropriate devices for learners, lack of adequate training of teachers and lack of regular teacher auditing. Strategies suggested to address the challenges were supply of low vision devices, low vision teams based at each school reconstituted to provide co-ordinated learning support and regular case conferencing be mounted to provide teacher support.

Gender bias in attitude towards girls in the use of computers in selected schools in central Africa - Yeba, Judith Sama Mouokuio Meno (Journal of Continuing, Open and Distance Education, 2012)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Mother tongue-based bilingual education in Papua New Guinea - Malone, Susan; Paraide, Patricia (2011)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

ICT use in the teaching of mathematics: Implications for professional development of pre-service teachers in Ghana - Agyei, Douglas; Voogt, Joke (Education and Information Technologies, 2011)
Included in the contemporary mathematics curricula in Ghana is the expectation that mathematics teachers will integrate technology in their teaching. However, importance has not been placed on preparing teachers to use ICT in their instruction. This paper reports on a study conducted to explore the feasibility of ICT use in mathematics teaching at senior high school levels in Ghana. Interviews and survey data were used for data collection. Preliminary results showed that mathematics teachers in Ghana do not integrate ICT in their mathematics instruction. Among the major perceived barriers identified were: Lack of knowledge about ways to integrate ICT in lesson and Lack of training opportunities for ICT integration knowledge acquisition. To overcome some of these barriers, opportunities of a professional development arrangement for pre-service mathematics teachers were explored. Findings from the study revealed specific features of a professional development scenario that matters for ICT integration in mathematics teaching in the context of Ghana. KeywordsICT use–Professional development–Computer competencies–Mathematics education–Computer attitude–Ghana

You use! I use! We use! Questioning the Orthodoxy of One-to-One Computing in Primary Schools - Larkin, Kevin (Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 2011)
The current orthodoxy regarding computer use in schools appears to be that one-to-one (1:1) computing, wherein each child owns or has sole access to a computing device, is the most efficacious way to achieve a range of desirable educational outcomes, including individualised learning, collaborative environments, or constructivist pedagogies. This article challenges this notion, suggesting instead that 1:2 computing is an appropriate means of achieving such aims in primary school. It further suggests that 1:2 computing is preferable to 1:1 computing to achieve a balance between productivity, student engagement, social activity, and individualised learning. This article draws on data collected during the 2009 school year from four Year 7 classrooms (11- to 13-year-old students) with varied patterns of access to netbook computers. The researcher collected detailed information from two pieces of software installed in each computer and analysed the data through an Activity Theory conceptual and methodological lens. Recommendations from this research will assist school leaders in making informed decisions regarding 1:1 and 1:2 computing.

Building a high-quality teaching profession: lessons from around the world - Schleicher, Andreas (International Summit on the Teaching Profession, 2011)

Digital Gender Divide or Technologically Empowered Women in Developing Countries? A Typical Case of Lies, Damned Lies, and Statistics - Hilbert, Martin (Social Science Research Network, 2011)
The discussion about women’s access to and use of digital Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in developing countries has been inconclusive so far. Some claim that women are rather technophobic and that men are much better users of digital tools, while others argue that women enthusiastically embrace digital communication. This article puts this question to an empirical test. We analyze data sets from 12 Latin American and 13 African countries from 2005-08. This is believed to be the most extensive empirical study in this field so far. The results are surprisingly consistent and revealing: the reason why fewer women access and use ICT is a direct result of their unfavorable conditions with respect to employment, education and income. When controlling for these variables, women turn out to be more active users of digital tools than men. This turns the alleged digital gender divide into an opportunity: given women’s affinity for ICT, and given that digital technologies are tools that can improve living conditions, ICT represent a concrete and tangible opportunity to tackle longstanding challenges of gender inequalities in developing countries, including access to employment, income, education and health services.
Keywords: Damned Lies; Digital Gender Divide or Technologically Empowered Women in Developing Countries? A Typical Case of Lies; Martin Hilbert; SSRN; and Statistics

Role of Educational Technology at Primary School Level In District Karak (Khyber Pukhtunkhwa) Pakistan - Suleman, Dr (International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2011)
The study was conducted to explore the role of educational technology at primary school level in District Karak (Khyber Pukhtunkhwa). The main objectives of the study were; to investigate the availability, usability and importance of educational technology; and to investigate whether primary school teachers are for the effective use of technologies for teaching learning process. The study was descriptive in nature. All the teachers and students at primary level in District Karak constituted the population of the study. Only three hundred and sixty six (366) primary school teachers; and two thousand and two students (2002) of primary schools (@ of 25% and 5% respectively) were selected randomly as sample of the study. The study was descriptive in nature. Two different questionnaires were prepared for teachers and students for the collection of data. After analysis of data, the researcher arrived at results that educational technology is very useful for the effective teaching learning process at primary level. It was found that educational televisions, radios, film strips, flip charts, VCRs, overhead projectors, multimedia projectors, educational softwares, computers, and internet facilities were not available in schools. Majority of the teachers were not using the available technology in their teaching learning process. It was also found that teachers were not trained for the effective utilization of educational technology.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Cost Effectiveness of Interactive Radio Instruction Program Karnataka: Basic and Program Cost Effectiveness - Bakshi, Shubhashansha (Working Papers, 2011)
The Program CEA extends to the study to an impact analysis of the Radio programs to assess whether the expenditure being made for this intervention is helping the students in improving their learning outcomes. This would then serve as a true measure of effectiveness that is; linking the outreach with the outcomes. This requires tracking a cohort of treatment and control groups over a period of three years. Also the study has documented the qualitative behaviour as observed in these groups. URL:[http://cbps.in/Publications.aspx].
Keywords: Attendance; CEA; Central Tendency; Cost Effectiveness; Enrolment; Interactive Radio Instruction Program; Karnataka; Qualitative analysis; Research; Teachers; cohort of treatment; data; outcomes; qualitative behaviour; school; villages

Human Rights-based Approach to Programming - UNICEF (UNICEF, 2011)
A human rights-based approach is a conceptual framework for the process of human development that is normatively based on international human rights standards and operationally directed to promoting and protecting human rights.

An extended systematic review of Canadian policy documents on e-learning: what we’re doing and not doing - Borokhovski, Eugene; Bernard, Robert; Mills, Erin; Abrami, Philip C.; Wade, C. Anne; Tamim, Rana; Bethel, Edward; Lowerison, Gretchen; Pickup, David; Surkes, Michael A. (Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology, 2011)

From design experiments to formative interventions - Engeström, Yrjö (Theory & Psychology, 2011)
So-called ?design experiments? have been presented as a radical alternative to traditional experimental designs in behavioral sciences. A closer scrutiny of design experiments shows that they share the basic linear methodology of traditional randomized controlled trials, and thus ignore resistance and agency of learners as a source of surprise and novelty. Formative interventions based on Vygotsky?s principle of double stimulation offer an alternative that builds on and purposefully fosters learners? agency. Formative interventions may be characterized with the help of an argumentative grammar which proposes (a) the collective activity system as a unit of analysis, (b) contradictions as a source of change and development, (c) agency as a crucial layer of causality, and (d) transformation of practice as a form of expansive concept formation. These four epistemic tenets are concretized with the help of analysis of data from a Change Laboratory formative experiment conducted in a Finnish hospital. The analysis shows that double stimulation is a multi-layered and longitudinal process in which both the initial problem situation (first stimulus) and the mediating conceptual tool (second stimulus) are reformulated and enriched in successive steps. Such a process of double stimulation generates a thirdness, a new concept for the activity under transformation.

GIS in Education Planning: The Kenyan School Mapping Project - Mulaku, G.C.; Nyadimo, E. (Survey Review, 2011)
School mapping consists of the building of geospatial databases of educational, demographic and socioeconomic data for educational institutions in order to support educational planning and decision making. Such databases contain data such as the geographic location of schools, the numbers of existing schools of different levels in the public and private sectors, their capacities, physical condition and facilities, enrolment and the number of teachers and their attributes. Also often included are data on related natural features and infrastructure such as rivers, roads, economic and administrative centers, medical facilities, religious facilities, etc. This paper describes the Kenyan School Mapping Project, whose objective was to collect such data for all Kenyan learning institutions and to integrate them in a GIS database that could be queried to provide useful information for educational planners, other professional users and average citizens. Results show that at the time of the project, there were nearly 73000 learning institutions in Kenya, ranging from early childhood schools to universities; useful information products on important educational indicators such as schools distribution, enrolments, pupil-teacher ratios and gender parity indices have also been generated from GIS analysis of the data. These results have demonstrated the utility of the database for its stated purpose and therefore shown the project to be a useful model that can be emulated by other developing countries.
Keywords: EMIS; GIS; KENYA; SCHOOL MAPPING

Organizing research and development at the intersection of learning, implementation, and design - Penuel, W. R.; Fishman, B. J.; Haugan Cheng, B.; Sabelli, N. (Educational Researcher, 2011)

Guided interaction as intercultural learning: designing internationalisation into a mixed delivery teacher education programme - Spiro, Jane (Higher Education Research & Development, 2011)
In this paper the process of building an international student community is explored. Strategies discussed include guided interaction within a virtual environment between home students studying in their own culture and international students studying at a distance. The context includes both the state and private sector in South East Asia, Latin America, Europe and the Middle East. The subject is a Master of Arts in Education for practising in-service teachers of English. Through exchanging teacher narratives, students identify shared concerns and values about their profession and recognise connections with their peers in apparently widely different cultural settings. Student and tutor evaluations suggest that participants developed the competence of recognising connections between their own meanings and behaviours and those of others. They also deconstructed their assumptions and unexamined beliefs through engagement with others. The paper concludes by analysing how these competences impacted on the self-knowledge and practice of the participants, and suggests the generative principles which made this learning effective.
Keywords: home student experience; intercultural competences; international competences; savoir être; task design for internationalization; teacher development; teacher reflection

Guided interaction as intercultural learning: designing internationalisation into a mixed delivery teacher education programme - Spiro, Jane (Higher Education Research & Development, 2011)
In this paper the process of building an international student community is explored. Strategies discussed include guided interaction within a virtual environment between home students studying in their own culture and international students studying at a distance. The context includes both the state and private sector in South East Asia, Latin America, Europe and the Middle East. The subject is a Master of Arts in Education for practising in-service teachers of English. Through exchanging teacher narratives, students identify shared concerns and values about their profession and recognise connections with their peers in apparently widely different cultural settings. Student and tutor evaluations suggest that participants developed the competence of recognising connections between their own meanings and behaviours and those of others. They also deconstructed their assumptions and unexamined beliefs through engagement with others. The paper concludes by analysing how these competences impacted on the self-knowledge and practice of the participants, and suggests the generative principles which made this learning effective.
Keywords: home student experience; intercultural competences; international competences; savoir être; task design for internationalization; teacher development; teacher reflection

School Resources and Educational Outcomes in Developing Countries: A Review of the Literature from 1990 to 2010 - Glewwe, Paul W.; Hanushek, Eric A.; Humpage, Sarah D.; Ravina, Renato (National Bureau of Economic Research, 2011)
Developing countries spend hundreds of billions of dollars each year on schools, educational materials and teachers, but relatively little is known about how effective these expenditures are at increasing students' years of completed schooling and, more importantly, the skills that they learn while in school. This paper examines studies published between 1990 and 2010, in both the education literature and the economics literature, to investigate which specific school and teacher characteristics, if any, appear to have strong positive impacts on learning and time in school. Starting with over 9,000 studies, 79 are selected as being of sufficient quality. Then an even higher bar is set in terms of econometric methods used, leaving 43 "high quality" studies. Finally, results are also shown separately for 13 randomized trials. The estimated impacts on time in school and learning of most school and teacher characteristics are statistically insignificant, especially when the evidence is limited to the "high quality" studies. The few variables that do have significant effects - e.g. availability of desks, teacher knowledge of the subjects they teach, and teacher absence - are not particularly surprising and thus provide little guidance for future policies and programs.

Pretotype It: Make sure you are building the right it before you build it right - Savoia, Alberto (2011)

Strategies for reducing inequalities and improving developmental outcomes for young children in low-income and middle-income countries - Fernald, Lia; Alderman, Harold; Behrman, Jere; O'Gara, Chloe; Yousafzai, Aisha; Cabral de Mello, Meena; Hidrobo, Melissa; Ulkuer, Nurper; Ertem, Ilgi; Iltus, Selim (Lancet, 2011)
This report is the second in a Series on early child development in low-income and middle-income countries and assesses the effectiveness of early child development interventions, such as parenting support and preschool enrolment. The evidence reviewed suggests that early child development can be improved through these interventions, with effects greater for programmes of higher quality and for the most vulnerable children. Other promising interventions for the promotion of early child development include children's educational media, interventions with children at high risk, and combining the promotion of early child development with conditional cash transfer programmes. Effective investments in early child development have the potential to reduce inequalities perpetuated by poverty, poor nutrition, and restricted learning opportunities. A simulation model of the potential long-term economic effects of increasing preschool enrolment to 25% or 50% in every low-income and middle-income country showed a benefit-to-cost ratio ranging from 6·4 to 17·6, depending on preschool enrolment rate and discount rate.

The Lean Startup: How Today's Entrepreneurs Use Continuous Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses - Ries, Eric (2011)
Most startups fail. But many of those failures are preventable. The Lean Startup is a new approach being adopted across the globe, changing the way companies are built and new products are launched. Eric Ries defines a startup as an organization dedicated to creating something new under conditions of extreme uncertainty. This is just as true for one person in a garage or a group of seasoned professionals in a Fortune 500 boardroom. What they have in common is a mission to penetrate that fog of uncertainty to discover a successful path to a sustainable business. The Lean Startup approach fosters companies that are both more capital efficient and that leverage human creativity more effectively. Inspired by lessons from lean manufacturing, it relies on “validated learning,” rapid scientific experimentation, as well as a number of counter-intuitive practices that shorten product development cycles, measure actual progress without resorting to vanity metrics, and learn what customers really want. It enables a company to shift directions with agility, altering plans inch by inch, minute by minute. Rather than wasting time creating elaborate business plans, The Lean Startup offers entrepreneurs—in companies of all sizes—a way to test their vision continuously, to adapt and adjust before it’s too late. Ries provides a scientific approach to creating and managing successful startups in a age when companies need to innovate more than ever.

The effect of school neighborhoods on teacher retention decisions - Boyd, Donald; Lankford, Hamilton; Loeb, Susanna; Ronfeldt, Matthew; Wyckoff, James (Whither Opportunity? Rising Inequality, Schools, and Children's Life Chances, 2011)
A substantial body of research demonstrates that schools with large populations of poor, non-white and low-achieving students, on average have more difficulty attracting and retaining teachers (Boyd et. al., 2005; Boyd et al, 2009; Hanushek et. al., 2004; Ingersoll, 2001; Scafidi et. al., 2007). However, little work assesses the extent to which differences in the neighborhoods
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

ICT reform initiatives in Singapore schools: a complexity theory perspective - Toh, Yancy; So, Hyo-Jeong (Asia Pacific Education Review, 2011)
The past two decades have witnessed an exponential growth in the use of technology in our daily life. Notwithstanding its phenomenal influence, the use of technology in education remains sporadic and disjointed. The promise that technology will bring deep-seated changes in the way that educators teach and students learn remains, disappointedly, elusive. This paper argues that the lack of systemic frame of reference may have explanatory power over such less than impressive performance of ICT in education. Tracing the trajectory of Singapore’s ICT-related policies in the educational sector, this paper adopts the complexity lens to study the systemic policy changes that are imbued in the different stages of Singapore’s ICT-based reforms. In particular, the paper delves into the three constructs of complexity theory: self-organisation, coevolution and fitness landscape. By juxtaposing the interdependencies of these three concepts against the backdrop of Singapore’s educational landscape, the paper contends that the complexity theory perspective has the potential to help policymakers understand the dynamic and complex nature of reforms so as to devise multi-faceted solutions that will address the concerns of all key stakeholders in the learning ecology. Implications for policymaking are also discussed.

Quantitative Determination of the Relationship between Internal Validity and Bias in Software Engineering Experiments: Consequences for Systematic Literature Reviews - Dieste, Oscar; Grim´n, Anna; Juristo, Natalia; Saxena, Himanshu (2011 International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement, 2011)
Quality assessment is one of the activities performed as part of systematic literature reviews. It is commonly accepted that a good quality experiment is bias free. Bias is considered to be related to internal validity (e.g., how adequately the experiment is planned, executed and analysed). Quality assessment is usually conducted using checklists and quality scales. It has not yet been proven, however, that quality is related to experimental bias. Aim: Identify whether there is a relationship between internal validity and bias in software engineering experiments. Method: We built a quality scale to determine the quality of the studies, which we applied to 28 experiments included in two systematic literature reviews. We proposed an objective indicator of experimental bias, which we applied to the same 28 experiments. Finally, we analysed the correlations between the quality scores and the proposed measure of bias. Results: We failed to find a relationship between the global quality score (resulting from the quality scale) and bias, however, we did identify interesting correlations between bias and some particular aspects of internal validity measured by the instrument. Conclusions: There is an empirically provable relationship between internal validity and bias. It is feasible to apply quality assessment in systematic literature reviews, subject to limits on the internal validity aspects for consideration.
Keywords: Checklist; Context; Correlation; Inspection; Instruments; Quality Assessment (QA) of experiments; Quality Scale; Quality assessment; Software engineering; Systematic Literature Review (SLR); Systematics

Getting off the “Gold Standard”: Randomized controlled trials and education research - Sullivan, Gail M (Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 2011)

The Distribution of Teacher Quality and Implications for Policy - Hanushek, Eric; Rivkin, Steven (Annual Review of Economics, 2011)
It has become commonplace to measure teacher quality in terms of teacher value-added. Operationally, this means evaluating teachers according to the learning gains of students on various achievement tests. Existing research consistently shows large variations in teacher effectiveness, much of which is within schools as opposed to between schools. The policy implications of these variations are dramatic. But the underlying statistical modeling has become the subject of intense research, in part because of this direct use of value-added measures in policy discussions.

Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions - Higgins, Julian P. T.; Green, Sally (John Wiley & Sons, 2011)
Healthcare providers, consumers, researchers and policy makers are inundated with unmanageable amounts of information, including evidence from healthcare research. It has become impossible for all to have the time and resources to find, appraise and interpret this evidence and incorporate it into healthcare decisions. Cochrane Reviews respond to this challenge by identifying, appraising and synthesizing research-based evidence and presenting it in a standardized format, published in The Cochrane Library (www.thecochranelibrary.com). The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions contains methodological guidance for the preparation and maintenance of Cochrane intervention reviews. Written in a clear and accessible format, it is the essential manual for all those preparing, maintaining and reading Cochrane reviews. Many of the principles and methods described here are appropriate for systematic reviews applied to other types of research and to systematic reviews of interventions undertaken by others. It is hoped therefore that this book will be invaluable to all those who want to understand the role of systematic reviews, critically appraise published reviews or perform reviews themselves. This title is also available as a mobile App from MedHand Mobile Libraries. Buy it now from Google Play or the MedHand Store.
Keywords: Medical / General

Technophobia among Female Undergraduate Students: A Challenge to Attainment of the MDGs in Nigeria - Achuonye, Keziah Akuoma; Ezekoka, Gertrude Kanayo (Journal of Education, Society and Behavioural Science, 2011)
Keywords: Millennium Development Goals (MDGs); Technophobia; computer; psychological gender; ⛔ No DOI found

Peer Effects, Teacher Incentives, and the Impact of Tracking: Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation in Kenya - Duflo, Esther; Dupas, Pascaline; Kremer, Michael (American Economic Review, 2011)
To the extent that students benefit from high-achieving peers, tracking will help strong students and hurt weak ones. However, all students may benefit if tracking allows teachers to better tailor their instruction level. Lower-achieving pupils are particularly likely to benefit from tracking when teachers have incentives to teach to the top of the distribution. We propose a simple model nesting these effects and test its implications in a randomized tracking experiment conducted with 121 primary schools in Kenya. While the direct effect of high-achieving peers is positive, tracking benefited lower-achieving pupils indirectly by allowing teachers to teach to their level. (JEL I21, J45, O15)
Keywords: Analysis of Education, Public Sector Labor Markets, Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration

Decentralisation policy and practice in Ghana: the promise and reality of community participation in education in rural communities - Essuman, Ato; Akyeampong, Kwame (Journal of Education Policy, 2011)
In 1987, the government of Ghana embarked on a process to decentralise education management to districts as part of wider social and democratic governance reforms. A central part of this reform was the prescription of active community participation in the affairs of schools within their locality. This paper explores the different meanings community participation had for school community stakeholders. It examines the multiple understandings of how community and school relations work and the factors which influence this relationship. Drawing on case study data, it argues that much of the theoretical and policy expectations on representation and participation in education by community members are only evident in form, but not as intended in practice. In poor rural contexts, it is often the local elite and relatively more educated members of the community, who become the new brokers of decision-making and, through their actions, close up the spaces for representation and participation by community members in the affairs of schools. Furthermore, the extent of community participation appears to be shaped by a ‘social contract’ based on the principle of reciprocity of roles between the community and schools, and that increasingly teachers feel accountable to the traditional hierarchical educational structure, and not to the community. The paper argues that the realisation of decentralisation policy in education has to contend with the realities of local politics of influence in the community, and tap into the positive side of this influence to improve education service delivery.
Keywords: Ghana; Parent Teacher Associations (PTA); School Management Committees (SMC); ___working_potential_duplicate; community participation; decentralisation policy

Education policy reform in Sri Lanka: the double-edged sword of political will - Little, Angela W. (Journal of Education Policy, 2011)
In 1997, the Government of Sri Lanka launched a comprehensive set of education reforms designed to promote equitable access to basic education and improvements in learning outcomes. The package of reforms arose as a political response to widespread youth unrest in the late 1980s and attracted considerable ‘political will’, a vague but much vaunted term in the international policy discourse. Yet, despite seemingly high levels of national political will, reform has not been plain sailing. Using evidence from interviews with policy elites and an analysis of policy texts and evaluations, this paper analyses the role of political will at national and local levels in policy formulation and implementation in a policy environment characterised by ‘patronage politics’. It explores the interaction between the political, administrative, technical, human resource and financial drivers and inhibitors of five reform components and argues that local-level political will, as well as national-level political will, has played a central role in determining whether formulated policies are translated into action on the ground. ‘Political will’ is a double-edged sword.
Keywords: Sri Lanka; policy implementation; political will

Provision of continuing professional development by resource centres in selected high schools of the Copperbelt province - Mwale, Kelly Kezala (2011)
The purpose of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of resource centres in providing Continuing Professional Development to high school teachers in the Copperbelt Province.Major concerns have been expressed by various stakeholders that not enough has been done in enhancing and strengthening the concept of Continuing Professional Development among high school teachers. The Teacher Resource Centres that are supposed to be custodians of In-service Training of Teachers(INSET) now Continuing Professional Development (CPD) are perceived not to have done enough. The establishment of Teacher Resource Centres throughout the country was meant to help upgrade the skills and competencies of teachers at both basic and high school levels. These Continuing Professional Development activities that should be on-going include School Programme of In-service for the Term (SPRINT), Demonstrate, Observe, Discuss and Implement (DODIS) and Subject Meeting at the Resource Centre (SMARC).A purposive sample of 8 teacher resource centres and 12 high schools giving the study a number of 84 respondents was selected.Data were collected by way of questionnaires, interviews and Focus Group Discussions. The major informants were the following: Headteachers, Heads of Department, Teachers and Resource Centre Coordinators.The results of the study revealed that Teacher Resource Centres were not effectively providing Continuing Professional Development (CPD) activities among high school teachers. The findings further revealed that the Continuing Professional Development activities such as School Programme of In-service for the Term (SPRINT), Demonstrate, Observe, Discuss and Implement (DODIS) and Subject Meeting at the Resource Centre (SMARC) were almost non-existent in high schools despite clustering them with basic schools.Generally, the findings indicated lack of commitment both by the coordinators in Resource Centres and school administrators. Further revelations by the study indicate that little or no effort has been given to school - based workshops, seminars, professional meetings and conferences. Additionally,constant monitoring of CPD activities was not given prominence by Resource Centre Coordinators hence the glaring lapses in the actual implementation of Continuing Professional Development programmes.Further analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data revealed that there was lack of significant advocacy and sensitisation on the difference between Continuing Professional Development activities and In-service Teacher Education tenable at colleges of education and universities. In view of the research findings, recommendations were made. Teacher Resource Centres ought to enhance advocacy and sensitisation of Continuing Professional Development activities. Pedagogical competences and skills would be strengthened at high school level if Teacher Resource Centres played their expected role of providing Continuing Professional Development to teachers. The study has also shown that school administrators did not apportion equal weight to Continuing Professional Development as they did with sporting activities. There is need to give both areas equal attention.

The effects of continuing professional development (CPD) through SPRINT on teacher classroom practices and student learning outcomes - Mazala, Chileya Mbasilu (2011)
This study looked at the effects of Continuing Professional Development (CPD) through School Programmes for In -Service for the Term (SPRINT) on teacher classroom practices and student learning outcomes. The purpose of the study was to find out if SPRINT had any effect on teacher classroom practice and student learning outcomes. The target population was all Ndola high schools. The sample consisted of 196 respondents that is, five head teachers, five deputy heads, fifteen heads of department, five School In- Service Providers (SIP), five Zone INSET Providers (ZIP) and twelve teachers from each of the five schools and one Resource Centre Coordinator. The sample also included one hundred grade twelve pupils, twenty randomly picked from each of the five schools Purposive sampling was used to select the schools, head teachers, heads of department, INSET providers and the subject coordinator. Teachers and pupils were selected using simple random sampling. Questionnaires, observations, interviews, Focus Group Discussions and documentary evidence were the research instruments used to gather information. A review of relevant literature and its implication for CPD was undertaken to provide interrogation framework for this study. Guskey's five levels of evaluation were used to structure the framework Data were analyzed by identifying and categorizing significant themes relevant to research objectives. The data were presented in form of tables, percentages,graphs and charts. Qualitative data from interviews were coded and emerging themes grouped into categories The themes and categories of initial data were compared with those of subsequent interviews. Categories were then regrouped to get the most significant categories and themes.The findings from this study indicated that teachers at all career stages expressed the desire to take part in Continuing Professional Development through SPRINT.Research findings also showed that SPRINT activities did impact on teacher classroom practice basing on the twelve observable skills recommended by The Ministry of Education. The findings from this study further revealed that SPRINT had an impact on student learning outcomes as shown by the average scores of students whose teachers took part in CPD and those whose teachers did not.Average scores for the latter were lower than the former category of students.The findings further revealed that although there was evidence of the effect of CPD through SPRINT on teacher classroom practices and student learning outcomes, this programme was hindered by weak organisational support.The results of the study showed that teachers were not enthusiastic about continuing with the CPD programme as it lacked adequate funding and support from both local administrators and the Ministry of Education. Teachers were not involved in identifying training needs and as such did not feel they were the owners of CPD Teachers also felt that this kind of CPD did not help in career progression as the credit system was not effective. At organizational level, this study found that policies and guidelines on how to organize and manage CPD were lacking.CPD leaders also did not have adequate training to prepare them for their roles. Because of this lack of training, CPD leaders could not carry out assessment of the effects of CPD through SPRINT on teacher classroom practices and student learning outcomes.On the basis of these findings, it is recommended that teachers should be in charge of their own CPD and be involved in needs assessment .Secondly, CPD leaders should be properly trained for their role and they should have clear job specifications. In addition, adequate funding for the programme should be made available by both the Government and the School Administration. The Ministry of Education also needs to formulate national policies and guidelines on management and evaluation of SPRINT .A standardized accreditation system which would enable teachers to experience career progression through SPRINT should also be put in place. Lastly, CPD through SPRINT should be made research based with teachers having access to INTERNET and good library facilities.

The Effect of Computer-Assisted Instruction on Student’s Attitudes and Achievement in Matrices and Transformations in Secondary Schools in Uasin Gishu District, Kenya - Mwei, Philip K.; Too, Jackson K.; Wando, Dave (2011)
Performance in Mathematics in secondary school Education in Kenya remains poor. Consequently the Kenya secondary school examination (KCSE) Mathematics results continue to cause concern to all the stakeholders in the education sector. Therefore, there is serious and urgent need for intervention. Although research has indicated that computer-assisted instruction (CAI) enhances student achievement, promotes positive attitudes towards Mathematics and instruction, and improves interpersonal relations, few studies have focused on CAI in Kenyan secondary schools Mathematics teaching/learning. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of CAI on students’ attitude and achievement in matrices and transformations between form four students who received instruction using CAI module or conventional instruction methods. The pretest – posttest control group experimental research design was used. Six classes selected at random with 205 students participated in the study. Results of this study indicated higher achievement and positive attitudes with CAI treatment groups. Making connections between the goals of Mathematics education and CAI offers a valuable means for improving mathematical knowledge and skills and hence performance in Mathematics.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Making mobile learning work: case studies of practice - Traxler, J.; Wishart, J. (Discussions in education, 2011)

Sierra Leone Teaching Service Commission Act - Government of Sierra Leone (2011)

What Forty Years of Research Says About the Impact of Technology on Learning A Second-Order Meta-Analysis and Validation Study - Tamim, Rana; Bernard, Robert; Borokhovski, Eugene; Abrami, Philip; Schmid, Richard (Review of Educational Research, 2011)
This research study employs a second-order meta-analysis procedure to summarize 40 years of research activity addressing the question, does computer technology use affect student achievement in formal face-to-face classrooms as compared to classrooms that do not use technology? A study-level meta-analytic validation was also conducted for purposes of comparison. An extensive literature search and a systematic review process resulted in the inclusion of 25 meta-analyses with minimal overlap in primary literature, encompassing 1,055 primary studies. The random effects mean effect size of 0.35 was significantly different from zero. The distribution was heterogeneous under the fixed effects model. To validate the second-order meta-analysis, 574 individual independent effect sizes were extracted from 13 out of the 25 meta-analyses. The mean effect size was 0.33 under the random effects model, and the distribution was heterogeneous. Insights about the state of the field, implications for technology use, and prospects for future research are discussed.

Revitalizing the Planning Commission: Some Recommendations - Ikram, Khalid (Working Papers, 2011)
This paper considers the key problems confronting the Pakistan Planning Commission; brieﬂy examines the essentials of planning for a mixed economy; draws lessons from the experience of countries, both developed and developing, that have formulated and implemented successful plans; and suggests measures to revitalize the Planning Commission. Some suggestions are put forward for continuous upgrading of the institutionâ€™s skills in the longer run. The paper also describes ways in which policymakers can learn from their counterparts in successful countries in the neighborhood. [IGC Rapid Response]. http://www.theigc.org/node/1300
Keywords: Pakistan; Pakistan Planning Commission

On Network Theory - Borgatti, Stephen; Halgin, Daniel (SSRN Electronic Journal, 2011)
Research on social networks has grown considerably in the last decade. However, there is a certain amount of confusion about network theory — for example, what it is, what is distinctive about it, and how to generate new theory. This paper attempts to remedy the situation by clarifying the fundamental concepts of the field (such as the network) and characterizing how network reasoning works. We start by considering the definition of network, noting some confusion caused by two different perspectives, which we refer to as realist and nominalist. We then analyze two well-known network theories, Granovetter’s strength of weak ties, to identify characteristic elements of network theorizing. We argue that both theories share an underlying theoretical model, which we label the network flow model, from which we derive additional implications. We also discuss network phenomena that do not appear to fit the flow model and discuss the possibility of a second fundamental model, which we call the bond model. We close with a discussion of the merits of model-based network theorizing for facilitating the generation of new theory, as well as a discussion of endogeneity in network theorizing.

Complexity and systems thinking - Merali, Yasmin; Allen, P. (2011)
Once the whole is divided, the parts need names. There are already enough names. One must know when to stop. Knowing when to stop averts trouble. Tao in the world is like a river flowing home to the sea. Lau Tsu, Tao Te Ching.

Introducing ICT into schools in Rwanda: Educational challenges and opportunities - Rubagiza, Jolly; Were, Edmond; Sutherland, Rosamund (International Journal of Educational Development, 2011)

Introducing ICT into schools in Rwanda: Educational challenges and opportunities - Rubagiza, Jolly; Were, Edmond; Sutherland, Rosamund (International Journal of Educational Development, 2011)
The Rwandan government views Information and Communication Technology (ICT) as a key tool for transforming the economy, with the education sector playing an important role in developing the necessary human resources. Since 2000 there has been a big push to introduce computers into schools and integrate ICT into the education curriculum through a range of initiatives. Within this paper we draw on the research of EdQual, a DFID funded project in order to examine issues related to the use of ICTs in schools in Rwanda. We argue that the potential of ICT will not be realised by the mere introduction of computers and ICT infrastructure in schools. We show that current policy initiatives appear to be disadvantaging particular groups, such as girls and those living in rural communities. Drawing on Sen's capability approach as a framework for theorising issues of education policy and social justice, we discuss how engagement with ICT can be reconceptualised as access to the capability of what Jenkins calls participatory culture. We also argue that without a shift in practices of teaching and learning with ICT in schools young people are not likely to learn how to exploit the capabilities offered by access to ICT.
Keywords: Curriculum; Education; ICT; Rwanda; Social justice

Introducing ICT into schools in Rwanda: Educational challenges and opportunities - Rubagiza, Jolly; Were, Edmond; Sutherland, Rosamund (International Journal of Educational Development, 2011)

Patronage of Educational Broadcasts and its Effects on Academic Growth of Students of Winneba and Apam Senior High Schools in the Central Region of Ghana. - Yelkpieri, Daniel; Kweku, Wilson Esia-Donkoh; Kwesi (Academic Leadership: The Online Journal, 2011)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate; ⛔ No DOI found

Preparing pre-service teachers to integrate educational technology in the colleges of education curriculum in the Central Region of Ghana - Abreh, Might (International Journal of Research in Computer Applications and Management, 2011)
The enclave of education through educational technology continues to raid the whole wide world with its attendant benefits. If how 21st century classroom pre- service teachers in the colleges of education teach with educational technology is our bother then how teacher educators prepare pre-service to teach with technology should be the utmost concern. Recent changes in basic qualifications for teacher educators to teach in Ghanaian colleges of education as well as the acceptable qualification for teachers who wish to teach at the basic school level has necessitated an assessment of teacher know-how on technology integration. This study used survey method to explore 128 out of 140 teacher educators’ (tutors) opinion on how they go about integrating educational technology in their pre-service teacher preparation. The findings of the study suggest that little or nothing is being done to teach pre-service teacher candidates how to integrate technology in their classroom practices. It was consequently recommended that policy makers, researchers, curricula developers and other policy publics must take advantage of the high awareness of the usefulness of educational technology to proliferate this ubiquitous tool to education’s advantage.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

IMPACT OF LEADERSHIP STYLE OF EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATORS ON USE OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY - Ahmad, Saeed; Raza, Muhammad Aqeel (2011)
Besides others, educational administrators are more vulnerable to the technological advancement. In changed scenario, as the roles and responsibilities of educational administrators also change, this research was conducted to ascertain what leadership styles affect the integration of technology to improve teaching and learning. A survey of the educational administrators in the four districts of Punjab was conducted to identify the impact of leadership styles on the use of innovative instructional technology in the educational institutions, and ultimately enhancing the student achievement. This study focused on the relationship between administrative leadership styles and implementation of new technological programs or instructional strategies. For this study, a questionnaire consisting of two parts was used for collection of data from the educational administrators. The first part of the questionnaire determined the extent in the use of educational technology in the institutions, whereas the second part of the questionnaire assessed the leadership style of the administrators. The researchers adopted Hersey-Blanchard Situational Model for the study with some modifications, in view of the local circumstances. The replies received in response of technology questions were given numerical values, whereas the second part of the questionnaire reflected the leadership styles of the administrators. The data were tabulated and treated using appropriate statistical techniques to draw inferential conclusions about the impact of the leadership styles of the educational administrators on the use of educational technologies in the educational institutions. As a result of research, the selling/coaching leadership style, reflecting high task, high relationship behaviour, was found to be more encouraging in the use of educational technology. The researchers are of the view that the selling/coaching style of leadership should be promoted to enhance the use of educational technology in our educational institutions.

Education Cluster in Pakistan - Lessons Learned: Flood Response - Alexander, Jessica (UNICEF Global Development Commons, 2011)
Summarizes the findings of lessons learned exercise conducted by the Global Education Cluster on its joint response to floods in July 2010, in collaboration with Save the Children and UNICEF. It also provides recommendations to improve future responses to emergencies.

The Sierra Leone Teachers Union: Labor in a Post-Conflict Society - Amman, John; O'Donnell, James (WorkingUSA, 2011)
The Sierra Leone Teachers Union (SLTU) has long played an important role in the country's education system and its labor movement. With more than 30,000 members, the SLTU is the largest and perhaps the most powerful union in Sierra Leone today. Nonetheless, the union struggles with challenges unheard of in developed countries. It represents teachers in an education system that was ravished by its eleven-year civil war (1991 to 2002). Not only are working conditions extremely difficult for teachers (classroom overcrowding, lack of educational materials, low pay, and often late pay), the union must negotiate union agreements with the Ministry of Education, which itself has no direct influence on the nation's coffers. Sierra Leone's Ministry of Finance and more importantly, the International Monetary Fund set policies that directly impact the quality of Sierra Leone's education system and its teachers.

Developing Quality Teacher Professionals: a Reflective Inquiry on the Practices and Challenges in Tanzania - Anangisye, William A.L. (Papers in Education and Development, 2011)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Ajuster l'aide pédagogique aux élèves de langue maternelle Bushinengué, dans les Segpas à l'ouest de la Guyane - Anelli, Serge (La nouvelle revue de l'adaptation et de la scolarisation, 2011)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Pedagogical outlines for OLPC initiatives: A case of Ukombozi school in Tanzania - Apiola, M.; Pakarinen, S.; Tedre, M. (IEEE Africon '11, 2011)
One-to-one computing initiatives in developing countries have been criticized for ignoring pedagogical considerations and for lacking tight integration with the local educational context. Ukombozi primary school in Iringa, Tanzania, faced the same situation in 2009, when we received 100 laptop computers for pupils to use. Through a collaborative effort of local and foreign teachers we designed and tested a pedagogical approach which starts from the local educational context, and builds on theoretical literature and documented experiences of using one-to-one computing in the classroom. We developed student-centered, exploratory, and creative practices for classroom pedagogy, and we experimented on using individual (one-to-one) laptops as a support tool. We identified a number of challenges, too, and propose further research directions that extend one-to-one computer-assisted learning to other school subjects, also. This paper is aimed at educators who work and develop education in similar challenging environments, as well as educational technology researchers who wish to gain alternative views about pedagogical design.
Keywords: Conferences; Educational institutions; Guidelines; Medical services; OLPC initiative; One Laptop Per Child Foundation; Portable computers; Tanzania; Ukombozi school; computer aided instruction; educational institutions; local educational context; one-to-one computer-assisted learning; one-to-one computing initiative; pedagogical approach

UNICEF Back-to-School Guide - Asselin, Olivier (2011)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Defining student engagement - Axelson, Rick D.; Flick, Arend (Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, 2011)

African Languages Today: The Challenge of and Prospects for Empowerment under Globalization - Bamgbose, Ayo (40th Annual Conference on African Linguistics, 2011)
Abstract: Ayo Bamgbose, African Languages Today: The Challenge of and Prospects for Empowerment under Globalization

Deliverology 101: A Field Guide For Educational Leaders - Barber, Michael; Moffit, Andy; Kihn, Paul (Corwin Press, 2011)
'Michael Barber's pioneering work as head of my Delivery Unit helped ensure real progress, not just with our education reforms, but with healthcare and policing too. It attracted worldwide attention. This guide distils the wisdom he gained at that time and has refined since. I strongly recommend it.' - Tony Blair, Former UK Prime Minister 1997-2007A step-by-step approach to delivering resultsMichael Barber, former chief advisor on delivery to British Prime Minister Tony Blair, and his colleagues Andy Moffit and Paul Kihn thoroughly describe Barber's proven reform delivery processes in this practical field guide. The timing is ideal, as Barack Obama's administration prioritizes education reform. Citing education reform case studies from more than 20 countries, the authors assert that most previous reforms were unsuccessful due to failed implementation. This book focuses on how to accomplish meaningful results, including:- Significant and ongoing education reform- Excellence and equity across public educationThe authors illustrate a field-tested program that ensures reform is achieved in the most profound sense, with students able to see, feel, and reap the benefits of a high-quality education. It is based not only on the experience of the Blair administration but also on case studies of successful implementation of reform in the U.S. and elsewhere.Listen as Barber describes the importance of the book:
Keywords: Education / Decision-Making & Problem Solving; Education / Leadership

Education Management Information Systems: A Guide to Education Project Design, Evaluation, and Implementation Based on Experiences from EQUIP2 Projects in Malawi, Uganda, and Zambia - Bernbaum, Marcia; Moses, Kurt (2011)

Toward a conceptual framework of culturally relevant pedagogy: An overview of the conceptual and theoretical literature - Brown-Jeffy, Shelly; Cooper, Jewell E. (Teacher Education Quarterly, 2011)
The United States is a diverse country with constantly changing demographics. The noticeable shift in demographics is even more phenomenal among the school-aged population. The increase of ethnic-minority student presence is largely credited to the national growth of the Hispanic population, which exceeded the growth of all other ethnic minority group students in public schools. Scholars have pondered over strategies to assist teachers in teaching about diversity (multiculturalism, racism, etc.) as well as interacting with the diversity found within their classrooms in order to ameliorate the effects of cultural discontinuity. One area that has developed in multicultural education literature is culturally relevant pedagogy (CRP). CRP maintains that teachers need to be non-judgmental and inclusive of the cultural backgrounds of their students in order to be effective facilitators of learning in the classroom. The plethora of literature on CRP, however, has not been presented as a testable theoretical model nor has it been systematically viewed through the lens of critical race theory (CRT). By examining the evolution of CRP among some of the leading scholars, the authors broaden this work through a CRT infusion which includes race and indeed racism as normal parts of American society that have been integrated into the educational system and the systematic aspects of school relationships. Their purpose is to infuse the tenets of CRT into an overview of the literature that supports a conceptual framework for understanding and studying culturally relevant pedagogy. They present a conceptual framework of culturally relevant pedagogy that is grounded in over a quarter of a century of research scholarship. By synthesizing the literature into the five areas and infusing it with the tenets of CRT, the authors have developed a collection of principles that represents culturally relevant pedagogy. (Contains 1 figure and 1 note.)
Keywords: Cultural Pluralism; Culturally Relevant Education; Developmentally Appropriate Practices; Educational Quality; Ethnicity; Holistic Approach; Identification (Psychology); Inclusion; Literature Reviews; Minority Groups; Multicultural Education; Student Diversity; Teacher Attitudes; Teacher Student Relationship; Teaching Methods; ⛔ No DOI found

Adding it up: improving analysis & modelling in central government - Cabinet Office (Cabinet Office, UK Government, 2011)

Information Technology and Student Achievement: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment in Ecuador - Carrillo, Paul E.; Onofa, Mercedes; Ponce, Juan (SSRN Electronic Journal, 2011)

Localization of Digital Content for Use in Secondary Schools of Bangladesh - Chowdhury, M. D.; Al-Mahmood, A; Bashar, M. A.; Ahmed, J. U. (2011)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Designing and conducting mixed methods research - Creswell, John; Plano Clark, Vicki (SAGE, 2011)

The political economy of policy-making in Indonesia - Datta, Ajoy; Jones, Harry; Febriany, Vita; Harris, Dan; Dewi, Rika Kumala; Wild, Leni; Young, John (Overseas Development Institute, 2011)

Curriculum and assessment policy statement English first additional language. Grade 1-3: Foundation phase Grade 1-3 : Foundation phase - Department of Basic Education; Department of Basic Education (2011)

DFID Ethics Principles for Research and Evaluation - DFID (2011)

DFID’s Approach to Value for Money (VfM) - DFID (Department for International Development, 2011)

Final Report of the Somali Interactive Radio Instruction Program - EDC; USAID (2011)

Students' Acceptance of Tablet PCs and Implications for Educational Institutions. - El-Gayar, Omar F; Moran, Mark; Hawkes, Mark (Educational Technology & Society, 2011)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Elimu kwa teknolojia (A BridgeIT Program) summative evaluation executive summary - Enge, Kjell (Mobiles for Education Alliance, 2011)
The goal of the Bridgeit program in Tanzania was to significantly increase the educational quality and achievement among students at primary school level in mathematics, science and life skills through the innovative use of cell phones and digital technology. Principal evaluation findings: Test scores of BridgeIT students in maths and science were significantly higher, 10-20%,... Read more

The Classroom Practices of Primary and Secondary School Teachers Participating in English in Action - English in Action (2011)

Decentralisation policy and practice in Ghana: the promise and reality of community participation in education in rural communities - Essuman, Ato; Akyeampong, Kwame (Journal of Education Policy, 2011)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

Manual on sources and methods for the compilation of COFOG Statistics : Classification of the Functions of Government (COFOG) - Eurostat (European Commission, 2011)

Learning futures: Education, technology and social change - Facer, Keri (Taylor & Francis, 2011)

Development entrepreneurship - Faustino, J; Fabella, V.R (Built on dreams, grounded in reality: Economic policy reform in the Philippines, 2011)

Tablet PCs, academic results and educational inequalities - Ferrer, Ferran; Belvís, Esther; Pàmies, Jordi (Computers & Education, 2011)

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Education Sector Programme - Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (2011)

Bilingual Education in the 21st Century - García, Ofelia (Blackwell, 2011)
'Bilingual Education in the 21st Century' examines language and bilingualism as individual and societal phenomena, presents program types, variables, and polici

Consumer toy or corporate tool: the iPad enters the workplace - Geyer, Megan; Felske, Frances (interactions, 2011)

On critical pedagogy - Giroux, Henry A. (Bloomsbury Publishing USA, 2011)

Early reading: Igniting education for all - Gove, A.; Cvelich, P. (RTI, 2011)

Teacher Motivation: Theoretical Framework, Situation Analysis of Save the Children Country Offices, and Recommended Strategies - Guajardo, Jarret (Save the Children, 2011)

A Study of the Application of Information Technology in Distance Education in Pakistan - Gujjar, Aijaz Ahmed; Ahmed, Saira Ijaz; Ramzan, Muhammad (Journal of Educational Technology, 2011)
Education plays a vital role to develop the nation culturally, economically and socially. That is why every nation focuses on this sector. For its improvement all endeavors are being made through formal education, Non-formal education and Distance Education. The trend of distance education has developed considerably in developed countries and developing countries. Information technology plays a pivotal role for the development of Distance Education. Keeping in view the importance of I.T. in education, this study was developed. The main aim of this study was to investigate the use of information technology in distance education in Pakistan. Population comprised of the I.T. users, person helping, operating or supervising the I.T. tools as planners, academicians, designers, programmers, producers, operators, regional directors and Deans of AIOU. Questionnaire on five point Likert scale was prepared. Collected data was tabulated and analyzed. The main conclusions of the study are: The use of information technology is still limited. Computer net work was not used for distance learners, Radio, T.V. programs and relevant audio material, videocassettes were prepared and CDs, software still not in use. University library was not computerized. Staff got training from time to time in I.T. Education in their specialization. But there is need to make I.T. system more sophisticated according to new trends and students' needs. There is also need to develop regional centers, which should serve as resource centers to the facilitation of distance learners.
Keywords: Access to Information; Data Analysis; Data Collection; Distance Education; Electronic Libraries; Foreign Countries; Information Technology; Likert Scales; Nonformal Education; Open Universities; Questionnaires; Radio; Scores; Statistical Analysis; Student Needs; Technology Uses in Education; Television; Trend Analysis; Use Studies

Health-related rehabilitation services: assessing the global supply of and need for human resources - Gupta, Neeru; Castillo-Laborde, Carla; Landry, Michel D. (BMC Health Services Research, 2011)
Human resources for rehabilitation are often a neglected component of health services strengthening and health workforce development. This may be partly related to weaknesses in the available research and evidence to inform advocacy and programmatic strategies. The objective of this study was to quantitatively describe the global situation in terms of supply of and need for human resources for health-related rehabilitation services, as a basis for strategy development of the workforce in physical and rehabilitation medicine.
Keywords: Health Workforce; Medical Workforce; Rehabilitation Health; Rehabilitation Personnel; Rehabilitation Service

Developing a systemic approach to teacher education in sub-Saharan Africa: emerging lessons from Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda - Hardman, Frank; Ackers, Jim; Abrishamian, Niki; O’Sullivan, Margo (Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 2011)
While many countries in Eastern and Southern Africa are on track for meeting the Education for All targets, there is a growing recognition of the need to improve the quality of basic education and that a focus on pedagogy and its training implications needs to be at the heart of this commitment. By drawing on three East African countries, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda, which are at different stages of development with regard to the reforming of teacher education, this paper explores the challenges and the lessons learned from each of the countries with regard to the development and strengthening of pre- and in-service training. The tension between quality, breadth and cost-effectiveness is explored together with a broader discussion of key principles to be taken into account when enhancing teacher education in the region as a whole.
Keywords: C:Kenya / Uganda / Tanzania; Education; Education for All; Education reform; Kenya; Pedagogy; Principles; Quality of education; Tanzania; Teacher education; Uganda; ___working_potential_duplicate; basic education; pre-service and in-service training; quality education; sub-Saharan Africa; teacher education reform

An investigation of appropriate new technologies to support interactive teaching in Zambian schools (ANTSIT). A joint report from Aptivate and the Centre for Commonwealth Education (University of Cambridge). Final Report to DfID. - Haßler, Björn; Hennessy, S.; Lord, T.; Cross, A.; Jackson, A.; Simpson, M. (Aptivate and University of Cambridge, 2011)
Keywords: Author:Haßler; dode_eth-src-dode; dode_eth-trf2-dode

The Rise of K–12 Blended Learning - Horn, Michael B; Staker, Heather (2011)

Research trends in mobile and ubiquitous learning: A review of publications in selected journals from 2001 to 2010 - Hwang, Gwo-Jen; Tsai, Chin-Chung (British Journal of Educational Technology, 2011)

Wiki Sign Dict: A Development of an Online Sharing Dictionary for Hearing Impaired. - Iam-Khong, N; Suksakulchai, S (Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2011)
Keywords: ⚠️ Invalid DOI

Community Engagement in Education Programs - Jessee, Cassandra (2011)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Taking responsibility for complexity - Jones, Harry (ODI, 2011)
This Briefing Paper reviews the implications of complexity for policy and programme implementation. It aims to give readers the tools to decide when a problem is complex, outline why this matters and provide guidance on how to achieve results in the face of complexity.

Taking responsibility for complexity: how implementation can achieve results in the face of complex problems - Jones, Harry (ODI, 2011)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

Taking responsibility for complexity: how implementation can achieve results in the face of complex problems - Jones, Harry (ODI, 2011)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

Taking responsibility for complexity: how implementation can achieve results in the face of complex problems - Jones, Harry (ODI, 2011)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

Changes in student motivation during online learning - Kim, Kyong-Jee; Frick, Theodore W (Journal of Educational Computing Research, 2011)
Keywords: ❓ Multiple DOI

Mobile learning using mobile phones in Japan - Kimura, Midori (Open Source Mobile Learning: Mobile Linux Applications, 2011)
The past ten years has seen remarkable developments in mobile devices, especially mobile phones, and interest in the potential of using mobile phones in an educational setting has intensified recently. The author’s working group, in cooperation with eLPCO (e-learning Professional Competency) at Aoya...

First Principles: Community Engagement in Education Programs Compendium - Kintz, Ginny (2011)

Policy networks - Knoke, David (The SAGE handbook of social network analysis, 2011)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Communicating with children: principles and practices to nurture, inspire, excite, educate and heal - Kolucki, Barbara; Lemish, Dafna (UNICEF, 2011)

The Technological, Economic, and Social Contexts for Educational ICT Policy - Kozma, Robert B. (Transforming education: the power of ICT policies, 2011)

Pushing the child centred approach in Myanmar: the role of cross national policy networks and the effects in the classroom - Lall, Marie (Critical Studies in Education, 2011)
Keywords: C:Myanmar

A Framework for Monitoring and Evaluating Children’s Participation — a Preparatory Draft for Piloting - Lansdown, Gerison (Save the Children, 2011)
Keywords: CitedIn:eCubed; eCubed

Using Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory to understand community partnerships: A historical case study of one urban high school - Leonard, Jack (Urban Education, 2011)

Affordance of Deep Infusion of One-to-One Tablet-PCs Into and Beyond Classroom. - Li, SC; Pow, JWC (International Journal of Instructional Media, 2011)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Handbook of innovation systems and developing countries: building domestic capabilities in a global setting - Lundvall, Bengt-\AAke; Joseph, K. J.; Chaminade, Cristina; Vang, Jan (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2011)
Keywords: DIAL-RDO

Inclusive educational practices in Kenya: Evidencing practice of itinerant teachers who work with children with visual impairment in local mainstream schools - Lynch, Paul; McCall, Steve; Douglas, Graeme; McLinden, Mike; Mogesa, Bernard; Mwaura, Martha; Muga, John; Njoroge, Michael (International Journal of Educational Development, 2011)
This article presents a findings from an investigation of the work of 38 specialist itinerant teachers (ITs) supporting the educational inclusion of children with visual impairment in Kenya. The research was designed around a participatory action research framework involving in-country researchers and participants (teachers) working in collaboration with researchers in the United Kingdom. Following an introductory training workshop, participants kept research journals over a 2-month period in which they recorded details of their itinerant duties (including the processes and content of their visits). Findings provide information about local practices of ITs support for children with visual impairment in mainstream schools and raise broader questions about the barriers to learning and development facing children with disabilities in mainstream schools in Kenya and other developing countries.
Keywords: Inclusive education; Itinerant teachers; Kenya; Participatory action research; Visual impairment

Compounded Disadvantage: Race, Incarceration, and Wage Growth - Lyons, Christopher J.; Pettit, Becky (Social Problems, 2011)
Spending time in prison has become an increasingly common life event for low-skill minority men in the United States. The Bureau of Justice Statistics now estimates that one in three black men can expect to spend time in prison during his lifetime. A growing body of work implicates the prison system in contemporary accounts of racial inequality across a host of social, health, economic, and political domains. However, comparatively little work has examined the impact of the massive increase in the prison system—and growing inequality in exposure to the prison system—on racial inequality over the life course. Using a unique data set drawn from state administrative records, this project examines how spending time in prison affects wage trajectories for a cohort of men over a 14-year period. Multilevel growth curve models show no evidence of racial divergence in wages in quarters leading up to incarceration. However, after release, wages grow at a 21 percent slower rate for black compared to white ex-inmates. Blacks also enjoy fewer wage returns to work history compared to their white counterparts. This research broadens our understanding of the sources of racial stratification over the life course and underscores the relevance of recent policy interventions in the lives of low-skilled minority men.

Home computer use and the development of human capital - Malamud, Ofer; Pop-Eleches, Cristian (The Quarterly journal of economics, 2011)

Lessons learnt: Synthesis of literature on the effectiveness of investments in education - Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands (2011)

2011 Rwanda TeacherMate Report - Mruz, Kari (2011)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Assessing value for money - National Audit Office UK (2011)

Identité numérique et éducation: enseignement des langues camerounaises grâce aux TIC - Nkenlifack, Marcellin; Demsong, Bethin; Nangue, Raoul (International Journal of Information Sciences for Decision Making, 2011)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

An approach for teaching of national languages and cultures through ICT in Cameroon - Nkenlifack, Marcellin; Demsong, Bethin; Teko, A.; Nangue, Raoul (International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2011)
This article describes the input of ICT to the modernization of teaching national languages and cultures in order to promote cultural diversity as well as dissemination of scientific knowledge through national languages. This will also reinforce the understanding capacities of the population. This project will serve as the guideline towards development of scientific knowledge and know-how. It presents numerous psychological, pedagogic, scientific and social advantages, among which there is a sensitization of our languages and cultures, the deployment of a platform in some schools, the training of teachers in using ICT in language teaching, the distribution selflearning aids, the development of a website for analysis and dissemination of cultural data, of conservation of linguistic and cultural heritage, and worthiness of pre-requisites and local predispositions towards the emergence and development of technology. It will contribute to make concrete the introduction of teaching national languages in the school curricula in Cameroon.

Learning English Language by Radio in Primary Schools in Kenya - Odera, Florence (2011)
Learning English Language by Radio in Primary Schools in Kenya By Florence Y. Odera (PhD) P.O.Box 2303, Kisumu, Kenya Introduction and background information One of the
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

Technological determinism in educational technology research: some alternative ways of thinking about the relationship between learning and technology - Oliver, M. (Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 2011)
This paper argues that research on the educational uses of technology frequently overemphasizes the influence of technology. Research in the field is considered a form of critical perspective, and assumptions about technology are questioned. Technological determinism is introduced, and different positions on this concept are identified. These are used to discuss the ways in which work within the field might be described as technologically deterministic. Four theoretical perspectives (activity theory, communities of practice, actor–network theory, and the social construction of technology) are then briefly characterized, demonstrating that alternative positions are viable, and positioning each in relation to the earlier discussion of technological determinism. The paper concludes by arguing that research, building on such alternative conceptions of technology, is important in developing our understanding of the relationship between technology and learning, as well as identifying potential methodological implications.
Keywords: affordance; educational technology; science and technology studies; technological determinism

One laptop per child in Rwanda - One Laptop per Child. (2011)

Conceptualizing teacher professional learning - Opfer, V. Darleen; Pedder, David (Review of Educational Research, 2011)
Keywords: Important; Read

Les Langues Africaines a L'ere Numerique: Defis Et Opportunites de L'informatisation Des Langues Autochtones - Osborn, Don (IDRC, 2011)

Optimising learning, education and publishing in Africa: the language factor; a review and analysis of theory and practice in mother-tongue and bilingual education in sub-Saharan Africa - Ouane, Adama; Glanz, Christine (2011)

Tiblo: a tangible learning aid for children with dyslexia - Pandey, Sumit; Srivastava, Swati (Association for Computing Machinery, 2011)
Dyslexia is a learning disability, which affects the ability to read and spell correctly. Special schools for children with dyslexia focus on individual growth, learning and psychological difficulties faced by the child. In this paper, we describe the design, development and testing of Tiblo (Tangible Interactive BLOcks), a tangible learning aid for children with dyslexia in the age group of 8 to 12 years. Tiblo has been specifically designed keeping in mind the psychological and emotional effects of dyslexia. We explain the process and results of an ethnographic study conducted at a school for children with dyslexia; the resulting concept development and prototyping. Further, we outline the testing process with the students at the school and the results of the same. The results showed that the children have a greater engagement in their classroom activities and there is an improvement in their retention abilities on using Tiblo. Also, they had a very strong sense of attachment and ownership towards the blocks and like to personalize it. This was in sharp contrast with other digital learning aids which offer a symptomatic and subject specific approach to aiding children with dyslexia and hence do not develop a personal one to one relationship with the child.
Keywords: collaborative learning; design case study; dyslexia; emotional design; interaction design; learning aids; play and learn; tangible user interfaces

Good Practice Report: Blended Learning. - Partridge, Helen; Ponting, Deborah; McCay, Meryl (Australian Learning and Teaching Council (ALTC), 2011)
This good practice report, commissioned by the ALTC, provides a summative evaluation of useful outcomes and good practices from ALTC projects and fellowships on blended learning. The report contains: a summative evaluation of the good practices and key outcomes for teaching and learning from completed ALTC projects and fellowships; a literature review of the good practices and key outcomes for teaching and learning from national and international research; the proposed outcomes and resources for teaching and learning which will be produced by current incomplete ALTC projects and fellowships; identifies areas in which further work or development are appropriate.
Keywords: C:Australia

Governance Reforms in three South East Asian countries: the Role of Research-based Evidence in Promoting Innovations - Pellini, Arnaldo; Bachtiar, P.P; Alician, M.D; Nguyen, Thi Thu Hang (Innovation Trends in Public Governance in Asia, 2011)

Television, Language, and Literacy Practices in Sudanese Refugee Families: "I learned how to spell English on Channel 18" - Perry, Kristen H.; Moses, Annie M. (Research in the Teaching of English, 2011)
This ethnographic study explored the ways in which media, particularly television, connected with English language and literacy practices among Sudanese refugees in Michigan. Three families with young children participated in this study. Data collection included participant observation, interviews, and collection of artifacts over 18 months, with a focus on television events as the units of analysis. Data analysis focused on television practices connected with literacy practices for adults and children. Results indicated that television offered important cultural connections with participants' beliefs, values, and attitudes regarding their Sudanese heritage, the new U.S. context, and religious practices. Both adults and children believed television was an important resource for learning and recognized potential problems with too much viewing. Most significantly, analysis suggested important connections between television practices and the development of both English language abilities for all family members and the development of real-world literacy practices, especially for the children.
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Making a difference with smart tablets - Price, Amy (Teacher Librarian, 2011)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Zero to eight: children’s media use in America - Rideout, Victoria (Common Sense Media, 2011)

Making Thinking Visible: How to Promote Engagement, Understanding, and Independence for All Learners - Ritchhart, Ron; Church, Mark; Morrison, Karin (Jossey-Bass, 2011)
"Visible Thinking is a research-based approach to teaching thinking that develops students' thinking dispositions, while at the same time deepening their understanding of the topics they study. Rather than a set of fixed lessons, Visible Thinking is an extensive and adaptable collection of practices that include thinking routines and the documentation of student thinking. The routines are a central element of the practical, functional and accessible nature of Visible Thinking. Thinking routines are easy to use mini-strategies that are repeatedly used in the classroom. They are a small set of questions or a short sequence of steps that can be used across various grade levels and content. Each routine targets a different type of thinking and by bringing their own content, teachers can integrate the routines into the fabric of their classrooms. Thinking Routines help direct student thinking and structure classroom discussion. Thinking becomes visible as the students' different viewpoints are expressed, documented, discussed and reflected upon"--
Keywords: Cognition in children; Critical thinking; EDUCATION / Teaching Methods & Materials / General; Study and teaching; Thought and thinking

Learner-centred education in developing country contexts: From solution to problem? - Schweisfurth, Michele (International Journal of Educational Development, 2011)

Computer-Aided Learning and Mentoring for Improvement of Teaching Quality: An Assessment of BRAC Interventions - Sharmin, Nazia; Roy, Goutam (SSRN Electronic Journal, 2011)
Methods and materials 3 Research area and sampling 3 Variables 4 Data collection techniques and tools 4 Field operation 4 Ethical consideration 4 Data management and analysis 4 Results 5 Computer-aided learning (CAL) 5 Mentoring 10 Conclusion

Reading with iPads–the difference makes a difference - Sheppard, Dale (Education Today, 2011)

Open-source platform: exploring the opportunities for offline mobile learning - Shrestha, Sujan; Moore, John; Nocera, José Abdelnour (2011)

New technologies in cash transfer programming and humanitarian assistance - Smith, Gabrielle; Macauslan, Ian; Butters, Saul; Tromme, Mathieu (The Cash Learning Partnership, 2011)

Curriculum and assessment policy statement English home language. Foundation phase Grades R-3 Grades R-3 - South Africa; Department of Basic Education (Department of Basic Education, 2011)

Guided interaction as intercultural learning: designing internationalisation into a mixed delivery teacher education programme - Spiro, Jane (Higher Education Research and Development, 2011)
In this paper the process of building an international student community is explored. Strategies discussed include guided interaction within a virtual environment between home students studying in their own culture and international students studying at a distance. The context includes both the state and private sector in South East Asia, Latin America, Europe and the Middle East. The subject is a Master of Arts in Education for practising in-service teachers of English. Through exchanging teacher narratives, students identify shared concerns and values about their profession and recognise connections with their peers in apparently widely different cultural settings. Student and tutor evaluations suggest that participants developed the competence of recognising connections between their own meanings and behaviours and those of others. They also deconstructed their assumptions and unexamined beliefs through engagement with others. The paper concludes by analysing how these competences impacted on the self-knowledge and practice of the participants, and suggests the generative principles which made this learning effective. (Contains 1 table.)
Keywords: Asia; ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE); Education Majors; Europe; Foreign Countries; Foreign Students; Higher Education; Interaction; Latin America; Masters Degrees; Middle East; Multicultural Education; Personal Narratives; Private Sector; Southeast Asia; Student Teachers; Teacher Education Programs; United Kingdom; Virtual Classrooms; __:import:01; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2097655; __finaldtb

Guided interaction as intercultural learning: designing internationalisation into a mixed delivery teacher education programme - Spiro, Jane (Higher Education Research and Development, 2011)
In this paper the process of building an international student community is explored. Strategies discussed include guided interaction within a virtual environment between home students studying in their own culture and international students studying at a distance. The context includes both the state and private sector in South East Asia, Latin America, Europe and the Middle East. The subject is a Master of Arts in Education for practising in-service teachers of English. Through exchanging teacher narratives, students identify shared concerns and values about their profession and recognise connections with their peers in apparently widely different cultural settings. Student and tutor evaluations suggest that participants developed the competence of recognising connections between their own meanings and behaviours and those of others. They also deconstructed their assumptions and unexamined beliefs through engagement with others. The paper concludes by analysing how these competences impacted on the self-knowledge and practice of the participants, and suggests the generative principles which made this learning effective. (Contains 1 table.)
Keywords: Asia; ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE); Education Majors; Europe; Foreign Countries; Foreign Students; Higher Education; Interaction; Latin America; Masters Degrees; Middle East; Multicultural Education; Personal Narratives; Private Sector; Southeast Asia; Student Teachers; Teacher Education Programs; United Kingdom; Virtual Classrooms; __:import:01; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2097655; __finaldtb

On systems thinking and the systems approach - “Stell” Kefalas, Asterios G. (World Futures, 2011)

Accelerating STEM capacity: A complex adaptive system perspective - Stephens, Rick; Richey, Michael (Journal of Engineering Education, 2011)

Computer-Adaptive Testing for Students with Disabilities: A Review of the Literature - Stone, Elizabeth; Davey, Tim (ETS Research Report Series, 2011)
There has been an increased interest in developing computer-adaptive testing (CAT) and multistage assessments for K-12 accountability assessments. The move to adaptive testing has been met with some resistance by those in the field of special education who express concern about routing of students with divergent profiles (e.g., some students with math-based learning disabilities may have difficulty with basic computation but not high level problem solving) and poor performance on early test questions. This paper consists of a literature review focusing on adaptive testing issues for students with disabilities in the K-12 sector. While it is clear that there are issues that will present obstacles to administering accountability tests adaptively to students with disabilities, this synthesis of research and policy developments with respect to this topic will be useful both for development of research agendas and to inform states that are currently using or are considering moving to CAT.

Towards a framework for researching the quality of education in low‐income countries - Tikly, Leon (Comparative Education, 2011)

EDUsummIT 2011 report from TWG3: teacher professional development - Twining, Peter; Albion, Peter; Knezek, Don (UNESCO, 2011)

Financing Education in sub-Saharan Africa : Meeting the Challenges of Expansion, Equity and Quality - UNESCO (UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 2011)

UNESCO ICT COMPETENCY FRAMEWORKFOR TEACHERS - UNESCO (UNESCO, 2011)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

World Data on Education: Bhutan - UNESCO (2011)

The Technological, Economic, and Social Contexts for Educational ICT Policy - UNESCO; Kozma, Robert B. (Transforming education: the power of ICT policies, 2011)

Child Safety Online: Global challenges and strategies - UNICEF (Innocenti Publications, 2011)
The Internet, mobile phones and other electronic media provide children and young people with levels of access to information, culture, communication and entertainment impossible to imagine just 20 years ago. With many of their extraordinary benefits

Malawi Teacher Professional Development Support Program: Baseline Report - USAID (2011)

Secondary data analysis - Vartanian, Thomas P. (Oxford University Press, USA, 2011)
In recent decades, social work and other social science research disciplines have become increasingly reliant on large secondary data sets, which have increased in both number and accessibility. When starting a new research project, how does one determine whether to use a secondary data set? Which of the thousands available should be used? This invaluable and expertly written guide provides an in-depth introduction to 29 of the most widely used data sets in social work, such as the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, and the U.S. Census. This book also examines the years covered by these cross-sectional and longitudinal data sets, the units of analysis, and the sample sizes.Readers will learn where to find the data and the key variables contained within, and how to use them in SAS and Stata. Screen shots guide researchers through data sets in a step-by-step process: how to download the data, how to merge it with other data sets, and how to program it when necessary. Each section also profiles studies that have used the respective data sets, giving researchers a clear feel for the depth and range of questions that a given data source can be used to answer, like the use of government data to explore issues ranging from pathways out of poverty to the relationship between marital dissolution and women's health and well-being.Exceptionally well calibrated and filled with real-world examples, this pocket guide will give beginning and advanced researchers a comprehensive understanding of these data sets that they can use in their research on clinical, policy, and other types studies.
Keywords: Political Science / Public Policy / Social Services & Welfare; Science / General; Social Science / Social Work

Smaller, quicker, cheaper: Improving learning assessments in developing countries - Wagner, D.A. (UNESCO-IIEP/FTI-Global Partnership for Education, 2011)

World Report on Disability - WHO (2011)

World Report on Disability - WHO (2011)

Open Content - Wiley, David (2011)

Systems Theory - Wilkinson, Lee A. (Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development, 2011)

ICT integration in Teacher Education - A study of University of Education, Winneba - Wilson, Kofi Bentum; Ayebi-Arthur, Kofi; Tenkorang, Emmanuel Yamoah (Ghana Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 2011)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Grant Funding Proposal (FY11- Round 33) - World Bank (Japan Social Development Fund (JSDF), 2011)

World report on disability - World Health Organization (World Health Organization, 2011)

Patronage of Educational Broadcasts and its Effects on Academic Growth of Students of Winneba and Apam Senior High Schools in the Central Region of Ghana. - Yelkpieri, Daniel; Kweku, Wilson Esia-Donkoh; Kwesi (Academic Leadership: The Online Journal, 2011)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate; ⛔ No DOI found

Patronage of Educational Broadcasts and its Effects on Academic Growth of Students of Winneba and Apam Senior High Schools in the Central Region of Ghana. - Yelkpieri, Daniel; Kweku, Wilson Esia-Donkoh; Kwesi (Academic Leadership: The Online Journal, 2011)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate; ⛔ No DOI found

The potential impact of mobile-assisted language learning on women and girls in Africa: A literature review - Zelezny-Green, Ronda (Ubiquitous Learning: An International Journal, 2011)
Keywords: Equity through Access; ___working_potential_duplicate

The Potential Impact of Mobile-Assisted Language Learning on Women and Girls in Africa: A Literature Review - Zelezny-Green, Ronda (Ubiquitous Learning: An International Journal, 2011)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

The potential impact of mobile-assisted language learning on women and girls in Africa: A literature review - Zelezny-Green, Ronda (Ubiquitous Learning: An International Journal, 2011)
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

Effective Use of Assistive Technologies for Inclusive Education in Developing Countries: Issues and challenges from two case studies - Grönlund, Åke; Lim, Nena; Larsson, Hannu (International Journal of Education and Development using ICT, 2010)
Developing countries face many obstacles in the process of implementing inclusive education (IE). Effective use of assistive technologies (AT) can help governments in developing countries achieve inclusive education by helping children with disabilities in schools. Despite the importance and positive impact of AT, prior research on the use of AT in inclusive education especially in developing countries is limited. To fill the research gap in this area, this paper investigates the research question of, How can AT be effectively used for IE in developing countries? To address this question,...
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Health outcomes in economic evaluation: the QALY and utilities - Whitehead, S. J.; Ali, S. (British Medical Bulletin, 2010)

Interactive Radio Instruction : A Successful Permanent Pilot Project? - Trucano, Michael (World Bank Blogs, 2010)
Despite their increased diffusion through rich and poor communities around the world, many people still have serious reservations about large scale investments in information and communication technologies (ICTs) within education systems. Spirited and long-running related debates related to their costs ("too expensive", their critics say), appropriateness ("students needs lots of ...
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

Interactive Radio Instruction : A Successful Permanent Pilot Project? - Trucano, Michael (World Bank Blogs, 2010)
Despite their increased diffusion through rich and poor communities around the world, many people still have serious reservations about large scale investments in information and communication technologies (ICTs) within education systems. Spirited and long-running related debates related to their costs ("too expensive", their critics say), appropriateness ("students needs lots of ...
Keywords: ___working_potential_duplicate

School perspectives on collaborative inquiry: lessons learned from New York City, 2009-2010 - Robinson, Marian; Passantino, Claire; Acerra, Marsha; Bae, Lauren; Tiehen, Katie; Pido, Eric; Kannapel, Patricia; Duffy, Mark; Langland, Connie (2010)
The New York City Department of Education has supported collaborative inquiry as a potentially powerful process for helping administrators and teachers use student data to improve instruction and raise student achievement. Beginning with a pilot project in 2006, teams of teachers have learned to work together to diagnose the needs of students who have not been successful in their classrooms and to develop strategies to improve their learning. Collaborative inquiry sits at the heart of the Department's larger Children First initiative and aims to help educators close the achievement gap in their schools. Each year New York City schools have engaged higher proportions of faculty in the inquiry work. The goal is at least 90% participation in collaborative inquiry. The purpose of this research report is to share lessons learned about the conditions, structures, relationships, and leadership practice that support teacher participation in inquiry. The report also presents perceived benefits of collaborative inquiry as reported by school leaders and teachers. Data come from site visits to 13 schools actively engaged in collaborative inquiry. The research team conducted 213 interviews with principals, assistant principals, instructional support staffs, and teachers participating in inquiry and 37 observations of inquiry team meetings.

Introducing mobile technology for enhancing teaching and learning in Bangladesh: teacher perspectives - Shohel, M. Mahruf C.; Power, Tom (Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, 2010)
This paper reviews the themes emerging from Bangladeshi teachers’ experiences of taking part in the initial research and the development stage of a professional development programme they were involved with. The Secondary Teaching and Learning Programme is an information and communications technologies‐enhanced supported open distance learning programme of professional development in English‐language teaching. This paper presents evidence arising from semi‐structured interviews carried out with teachers from a pre‐pilot study for the English in Action project. The teachers participating in this study reflect upon six months’ experience of using professional development materials (course material of audio podcasts enhanced with text and images; videos of classroom practice; audio of classroom language) and classroom resources (audio recordings of text‐book reading passages, songs, poems and stories), all accessed via portable digital media players (iPods).
Keywords: Bangladesh; C:Bangladesh; English in Action support model; ___working_potential_duplicate; mobile learning; mobile technology; technology intervention

Introducing mobile technology for enhancing teaching and learning in Bangladesh: teacher perspectives - Shohel, M. Mahruf C.; Power, Tom (Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, 2010)
This paper reviews the themes emerging from Bangladeshi teachers’ experiences of taking part in the initial research and the development stage of a professional development programme they were involved with. The Secondary Teaching and Learning Programme is an information and communications technologies‐enhanced supported open distance learning programme of professional development in English‐language teaching. This paper presents evidence arising from semi‐structured interviews carried out with teachers from a pre‐pilot study for the English in Action project. The teachers participating in this study reflect upon six months’ experience of using professional development materials (course material of audio podcasts enhanced with text and images; videos of classroom practice; audio of classroom language) and classroom resources (audio recordings of text‐book reading passages, songs, poems and stories), all accessed via portable digital media players (iPods).
Keywords: Bangladesh; C:Bangladesh; English in Action support model; ___working_potential_duplicate; mobile learning; mobile technology; technology intervention

How the world’s most improved school systems keep getting better - Mourshed, Mona; Barber, Michael; Chijioke, Chinezi (McKinsey & Company, 2010)

Introducing mobile technology for enhancing teaching and learning in Bangladesh: teacher perspectives - Shohel, M. Mahruf C.; Power, Tom (Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, 2010)
This paper reviews the themes emerging from Bangladeshi teachers' experiences of taking part in the initial research and the development stage of a professional development programme they were involved with. The Secondary Teaching and Learning Programme is an information and communications technologies-enhanced supported open distance learning programme of professional development in English-language teaching. This paper presents evidence arising from semi-structured interviews carried out with teachers from a pre-pilot study for the English in Action project. The teachers participating in this study reflect upon six months' experience of using professional development materials (course material of audio podcasts enhanced with text and images; videos of classroom practice; audio of classroom language) and classroom resources (audio recordings of text-book reading passages, songs, poems and stories), all accessed via portable digital media players (iPods). (Contains 1 table and 1 figure.)
Keywords: BANGLADESH; Bangladesh; COMPUTER assisted language instruction; COMPUTERS in education; CONTINUING education; Computer Assisted Instruction; DISTANCE education; Developing Nations; Digital audio players; Distance Education; Distance learning; ENGLISH language -- Study & teaching -- Foreign speakers; ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE); Education--Teaching Methods And Curriculum; Educational Development; Educational Technology; Educational technology; Elementary Secondary Education; English (Second Language); English in Action support model; English language; Foreign Countries; Handheld Devices; Higher Education; Inservice Teacher Education; Interviews; LANGUAGE teachers; Language instruction; Multimedia Instruction; OPEN learning; Open Universities; Pilot Projects; Postsecondary Education; Professional development; Program Descriptions; Program Development; Program Effectiveness; Protocol Materials; SECONDARY education; Second Language Instruction; Secondary Education; Secondary School Teachers; Studies; TEACHER development; TEACHERS -- Attitudes; TELEMATICS; Teacher Attitudes; Teachers; Technology Integration; United Kingdom; Video Technology; _Source:Intuitive; _THEME: Curriculum and resources; _THEME: Teacher Professional Development; __:import:01; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2098161; ___working_potential_duplicate; __finaldtb; auto_merged; mobile learning; mobile technology; technology intervention

Reexamining technology’s role in learner-centered professional development - Polly, Drew; Hannafin, Michael J. (Educational Technology Research and Development, 2010)
The American Psychological Association’s Learner-Centered Principles provide empirically-based approaches to improving teaching and learning. However, in order to facilitate learner-centered, technology-rich instruction to K-12 students, teachers must be afforded opportunities to develop key understandings and skills, rarely evident in most professional development programs. In this paper, we synthesize empirically-based studies and recommendations for teacher learning and propose a learner-centered professional development (LCPD) framework to guide both professional development and empirical work on teacher learning. We describe LCPD components, discuss ways that technology can support LCPD, and highlight implications for research and practice.

Reexamining technology’s role in learner-centered professional development - Polly, Drew; Hannafin, Michael J. (Educational Technology Research and Development, 2010)
The American Psychological Association’s Learner-Centered Principles provide empirically-based approaches to improving teaching and learning. However, in order to facilitate learner-centered, technology-rich instruction to K-12 students, teachers must be afforded opportunities to develop key understandings and skills, rarely evident in most professional development programs. In this paper, we synthesize empirically-based studies and recommendations for teacher learning and propose a learner-centered professional development (LCPD) framework to guide both professional development and empirical work on teacher learning. We describe LCPD components, discuss ways that technology can support LCPD, and highlight implications for research and practice.

Female leadership and school effectiveness in junior high schools in Ghana - Kwadzo Agezo, Clement (Journal of Educational Administration, 2010)
Purpose – The purpose of this research is to examine female principal leadership practices that are considered crucial in the effectiveness and improvement of schools and school administration in Ghanaian junior high schools.

Determinants of ICT Usage among Low-Income Groups in Colombia, Mexico, and Peru - Gutiérrez, Luis H.; Gamboa, Luis F. (The Information Society, 2010)
The authors examine the determinants of information and communications technology (ICT) usage among low-income people in three developing countries: Colombia, Mexico, and Peru. Using two composite indicators, they focus on cross-country differences and similarities in ICT usage across gender, age, education, and income levels. The authors’ analysis indicates that the single most important factor limiting the digitalization of low-income people in all three countries was lack of education. The impact of income itself was low although positive. Their ﬁndings also suggest that comprehensive measures that mix standard ICTs with very advanced ones can be misleading.

The emergence of language as a complex adaptive system - Ellis, Nick C. (The Routledge Handbook of Applied Linguistics, 2010)

The role of Kilimani Sesame in the healthy development of Tanzanian preschool children - Borzekowski, Dina L. G.; Macha, Jacob E. (Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 2010)
Kilimani Sesame, a media intervention that employs print, radio, and television, was developed to entertain and educate preschool children in Tanzania. This study examined the effects of a six-week intervention delivering Kilimani Sesame material to 223 children in the rural district of Kisarawe and the city of Dar es Salaam. Results offer evidence that literacy and numeracy, social and emotional development, and health and hygiene significantly improved from baseline to post-intervention; those with the greatest receptivity to Kilimani Sesame performed the best after the intervention, controlling for baseline scores, sex, age, location, and general media receptivity. This study shows that an educational media intervention directed towards very young children can have an impact on their healthy development, even in locales where populations have minimal resources and face extreme hardships.
Keywords: African children; Educational television; Literacy; Media receptivity; Preschool children; Sesame Street